Benzotriazole compound, light conversion agent, light conversion film and solar cell

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of solar cell materials, and particularly relates to a benzotriazole compound, a light conversion agent, a light conversion film and a solar cell. The invention provides a compound shown in a formula I, a light conversion agent with the structure of the compound shown in the formula I, a light conversion film comprising the light conversion agent and a solar cell comprising the light conversion film. Compared with the current light conversion film technology, the light conversion agent has the advantages that (1) the adjustable range of the absorption wavelength of the light conversion agent is wider, and the absorption of shorter wavelength can be realized; (2) the yield of light conversion quantum is higher, and the structure is stable; and (3) the same ultraviolet shielding function under a certain cut-off wavelength is realized, and the required amount of the light conversion agent for absorbing blue shift is less.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solar cell materials, specifically relating to a benzotriazole compound, a light-converting agent, a light-converting film, and a solar cell. Background Technology

[0002] Crystalline silicon solar cell technology has developed rapidly, currently giving rise to tunneling oxide passivation (TOPCon) and heterojunction (HJT) cells. Simultaneously, research into cell grid technology has led to back contact (BC) cell technology, with perovskite and tandem cell technologies also emerging in the future. While cell efficiency continues to rise, reliability issues arise, as the cell's tolerance to short wavelengths gradually decreases. To address this change, light-converting films have emerged. These films can convert short-wavelength light, which can damage the cell, into longer-wavelength light with minimal impact on cell reliability and higher response. Currently, the main light-converting films used in the market absorb and convert light below 380nm, which is increasingly insufficient to meet the needs of evolving cell technologies. On the one hand, different cell technologies require different light-converting films, needing to absorb and convert longer wavelengths of light (HJT and perovskite cells) as well as shorter wavelengths (TOPCon and BC cells). On the other hand, as the market demands increasingly higher power output from photovoltaic modules, further improving the quantum yield of the light conversion agent, i.e., the luminescence capability of the light conversion film, is of great significance in helping to increase the power output of photovoltaic modules. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a light conversion technology to meet the development needs of solar cells.

[0003] CN103562323A discloses almost all structures with benzotriazole as the core, but the shortest absorption wavelength peak of its light-converting agent is 340nm. The film prepared using this light-converting agent can only block ultraviolet light with wavelengths below 380nm.

[0004] CN117700442A discloses that introducing trimethyl(oxy)silicon at the N position of benzotriazole can only block ultraviolet light below 380nm. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a benzotriazole compound, a light-converting agent, a light-converting film, and a solar cell to solve the technical problem that the light-converting film in the prior art has poor absorption of short-wavelength light.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a compound of formula I:

[0007]

[0008] R1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-14 membered heterocyclic groups, halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxyl, azide, (C1-C10 alkyl)-CO-O- and -CO-O-(C1-C10 alkyl);

[0009] R2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-14 membered heterocyclic, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C14 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, carboxyl, azide and -CO-(C1-C10 alkyl);

[0010] Ar is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C6-C14 aryl groups and substituted or unsubstituted 5-14 heteroaryl groups;

[0011] The 3-14 membered heterocyclic group and the 5-14 membered heteroaryl group each independently include 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S;

[0012] The halogen is F, Cl, Br or I.

[0013] In one or more embodiments, the substituents on the C1-C10 alkyl group that replaces R1 are 1, 2, 3 or 4 halogens, said halogens being F, Cl or Br.

[0014] In one or more embodiments, the substituents on the C1-C10 alkyl group that is substituted for R2 are 1, 2 or 3 C1-C10 alkoxy groups.

[0015] In one or more embodiments, in the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl group as R2, the C atom directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of benzotriazole is carbon number 1, and the carbon atom bonded to carbon number 1 in the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl group as R2 is a tertiary carbon.

[0016] In one or more embodiments, the substituents on the substituted C6-C14 aryl group or the substituted 5-14 heteroaryl group of Ar are 1, 2, 3 or 4 selected from -NR. a R bSubstituents such as C1-C10 alkyl, NC-(C1-C10 alkylene)-, C1-C10 alkoxy, C6-C14 aryl, -CO-(C6-C14 aryl) and 5-14 heteroaryl groups having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, R a and R b Each is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C10 alkyl and C6-C14 aryl.

[0017] In one or more embodiments, R1 is selected from C1-C10 alkoxy, C1-C10 alkylthio, halogen, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, and substituted C1-C10 alkyl; preferably, R1 is selected from C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C10 alkylthio, halogen, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, and C1-C10 alkyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 F atoms; preferably, R1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and halogen; preferably, R1 is selected from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, and halogen; preferably, the halogen is Cl.

[0018] In one or more embodiments, R2 is selected from carboxyl, amino, -NH(C1-C10 alkyl), -N(C1-C10 alkyl)2, -CO-(C1-C10 alkyl), C3-C10 cycloalkyl, 5-14 membered heterocyclic group having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, C6-C14 aryl, 5-14 membered heteroaryl group having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, C1-C10 alkoxy, C2-C10 alkenyl, substituted C1-C10 alkyl and unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, wherein the substituents on the substituted C1-C10 alkyl group of R2 are 1, 2 or 3 C1-C6 alkoxy groups.

[0019] In one or more embodiments, R2 is selected from C6-C14 aryl, 5-7 heteroaryl having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, C1-C10 alkoxy, substituted C1-C10 alkyl and unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, wherein the substituent of the substituted C1-C10 alkyl of R2 is C1-C6 alkoxy.

[0020] In one or more embodiments, R2 is an unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl group; preferably an unsubstituted C4-C8 alkyl group.

[0021] In one or more embodiments, R2 is selected from:

[0022]

[0023] Where * represents the site where R2 is connected to other parts of the compound of formula I.

[0024] In one or more embodiments, the substituents on the substituted C6-C14 aryl group or the substituted 5-14 heteroaryl group of Ar are 1, 2, 3 or 4 selected from -NR. a R b C1-C6 alkyl, NC-(C1-C6 alkylene)-, C1-C6 alkoxy, C6-C14 aryl, -CO-(C6-C14 aryl) and substituents having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, R a and R b Each is independently selected from C6-C14 aryl groups.

[0025] In one or more embodiments, Ar is a substituted C6-C14 aryl or an unsubstituted C6-C14 aryl; the substituents of the substituted C6-C14 aryl group of Ar are 1, 2, 3 or 4 selected from C1-C10 alkyl, C1-C10 alkoxy and -NR. a R b Substituents.

[0026] In one or more embodiments, Ar is a substituted phenyl group; the substituents of the substituted phenyl group are para-relationed to the other parts of the compound.

[0027] In one or more implementations, Ar is selected from:

[0028]

[0029] Where * represents the site where Ar is connected to other parts of the compound of formula I.

[0030] In one or more embodiments, the compound of formula I is selected from:

[0031]

[0032] A second aspect of the present invention provides the use of the compound of formula I described in the first aspect of the present invention as a light-converting agent.

[0033] A third aspect of the present invention provides a light-converting film comprising a matrix resin and a compound of formula I as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0034] In one or more embodiments, the matrix resin is selected from one or more of POE, EVA, EPE, PVB and silicone.

[0035] In one or more embodiments, the mass ratio of the Formula I compound to the matrix resin is (1-20):1000, preferably (1-2):1000.

[0036] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a solar cell comprising the light-converting film described in the third aspect of the present invention.

[0037] In one or more embodiments, the solar cell is a tunneling oxide passivation cell (TOPCon), a back contact cell (BC), a heterojunction (HJT) cell, or a perovskite cell and its tandem cell.

[0038] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] (1) Compared with the current light conversion film technology, the light conversion film of the present invention has a wider range of adjustable absorption wavelengths.

[0040] (2) Compared with the current light conversion film technology, the light conversion agent of the present invention has a higher quantum yield.

[0041] (3) The structure of the light-converting agent of the present invention is stable.

[0042] (4) By changing the R1 substituent, the present invention can prepare light-converting agents with different maximum absorption wavelengths.

[0043] (5) Compared with current light-converting film technology, the amount of light-converting agent required to absorb blue shift is less to achieve the same ultraviolet shielding function at a certain cutoff wavelength.

[0044] This invention introduces an R1 substituent into the light-converting agent molecule to disrupt the symmetry of the conjugated structure of the light-converting agent, and by changing different R1 substituents, light-converting agent molecules with different maximum absorption wavelengths can be obtained. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 These are the absorption spectra of the light-converting films prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

[0046] Figure 2 It is the transmittance of the light-converting film prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To enable those skilled in the art to understand the features and effects of the present invention, the terms and expressions used in the specification and claims are explained and defined in general below. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art regarding the present invention, and in case of conflict, the definitions in this specification shall prevail.

[0048] The theories or mechanisms described and disclosed herein, whether right or wrong, should not in any way limit the scope of the invention, that is, the contents of the invention can be implemented without being limited by any particular theory or mechanism.

[0049] In this document, the terms “contains,” “includes,” “containing,” and similar terms encompass the meanings of “basically composed of” and “composed of.” For example, when this document discloses “A contains B and C,” “A is basically composed of B and C” and “A is composed of B and C” should be considered as having been disclosed in this document.

[0050] In this document, all features defined by numerical ranges or percentage ranges, such as numerical values, quantities, contents, and concentrations, are for the sake of brevity and convenience only. Accordingly, descriptions of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be considered as covering and specifically disclosing all possible sub-ranges and individual numerical values ​​(including integers and fractions) within those ranges.

[0051] Unless otherwise specified, percentages refer to mass percentages and proportions refer to mass ratios in this article.

[0052] In this document, when describing embodiments or examples, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments or examples. Rather, all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents of the methods and materials described herein are covered within the scope defined by the claims.

[0053] For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in each implementation scheme or embodiment are described herein. Therefore, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, the technical features in each implementation scheme or embodiment can be combined arbitrarily, and all possible combinations should be considered within the scope of this specification.

[0054] When a substituent is described using a conventional chemical formula written from left to right, it also includes chemically equivalent substituents obtained when the structural formula is written from right to left. For example, -CH2O- is equivalent to -OCH2-.

[0055] Certain chemical groups defined herein are preceded by simplified symbols to indicate the total number of carbon atoms present in the group. For example, C1-C6 alkyl refers to alkyl groups having a total of 1 to 6 carbon atoms as defined below. The total number of carbon atoms in the simplified symbols does not include carbons that may be present in substituents of the group.

[0056] When a variable is referred to in this disclosure as “selected from: …”, it means that the variable is selected from any of the options listed after the colon, or, where possible, that the variable is selected from one or more of the options listed after the colon.

[0057] All numerical ranges mentioned in this disclosure refer to the range including its two endpoints, all integers within the range, and subranges formed by these integers.

[0058] Except as for the foregoing, when used in the specification and claims of this disclosure, the following terms shall have the following meanings unless otherwise specifically indicated.

[0059] As used herein, “optional” or “optionally” means that the event or condition described below may or may not occur, and the description includes both the occurrence and non-occurrence of the event or condition.

[0060] As used herein, the term “substitution,” regardless of whether it is preceded by the term “optionally” (i.e., equivalent to substitution or unsubstitution), means that one or more hydrogen atoms of a specified group or portion are replaced by a “suitable substituent.” In this document, the number of substituents can be one or more, i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 or more, depending on the substituted group and the nature of the substituents. For example, when the substituent of an ethyl group is a halogen, the group can be replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents, depending on the structure of the substituted group, such as trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, etc. In some embodiments, the number of substituents is 1, 2, or 3. In some embodiments, the number of substituents is 1 or 2. In some embodiments, the number of substituents is 1. It will be understood that “substitution” or “replaced by” includes the implicit condition that such substitution is carried out according to the permissible valence of the substituted atom and that the substitution produces a stable or chemically viable compound, such as a compound that does not spontaneously transform, for example, through rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc. Unless otherwise stated, an "optionally substituted" group may have suitable substituents at each substituted position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure can be substituted by more than one substituent selected from the specified group, the substituents may be the same or different at each position. Those skilled in the art will understand that the substituent itself may be substituted if appropriate.

[0061] For the purposes of this application, the term "suitable substituents" as used above should be understood to include, but is not limited to, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, nitro, aryl, heteroaryl, cyclic hydrocarbon (e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, etc.), heterocyclic, etc., as described herein; these substituents, including alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkyl in haloalkyl, alkenyl in haloalkenyl, alkynyl in haloalkynyl, alkoxy, alkyl in monoalkylamino, alkyl in dialkylamino, aryl, heteroaryl, cyclic hydrocarbon, and heterocyclic groups themselves, are also optionally substituted, for example, they may also be optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from alkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyl, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, nitro, aryl, heteroaryl, cyclic hydrocarbon, and heterocyclic groups.

[0062] As used herein, "alkyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group having a specified number of carbon atoms. Specifically, alkyl groups are those having 1 to 20 carbon atoms ("C1-C20 alkyl"), typically containing 1 to 16 carbon atoms (C1-C16 alkyl), preferably containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms (C1-C10 alkyl), and more preferably containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms (C1-C6 alkyl). Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, etc. In some embodiments, the alkyl group suitable for use in this invention can be C1-C20 alkyl, such as C1 alkyl, C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C6 alkyl, C7 alkyl, C8 alkyl, C9 alkyl, C10 alkyl, C11 alkyl, C12 alkyl, C13 alkyl, C14 alkyl, C15 alkyl, C16 alkyl, C17 alkyl, C18 alkyl, C19 alkyl, and C20 alkyl.

[0063] As used herein, as part of a group or other group, the term "alkenyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon chain group consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms and containing at least one double bond, which is linked by a single bond to the rest of the molecule. In some embodiments, the alkenyl group contains 2 to 20 carbon atoms ("C2-C20 alkenyl"), preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms ("C2-C10 alkenyl"), and more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms ("C2-C6 alkenyl"). Non-limiting examples of alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, vinyl, propenyl, allyl, butenyl, but-1-enyl, but-2-enyl, pentenyl, pent-1-enyl, pentadienyl, pent-1,4-dienyl, etc. Unless otherwise specifically specified in this specification, the alkenyl group may optionally be substituted. In some embodiments, the alkenyl groups suitable for use in this invention can be C2-C10 alkenyl groups, such as C2 alkenyl, C3 alkenyl, C4 alkenyl, C5 alkenyl, C6 alkenyl, C7 alkenyl, C8 alkenyl, C9 alkenyl, and C10 alkenyl groups.

[0064] As used herein, as part of a group or other group, the term "alkynyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon chain group consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms, having one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds (-C≡C-), which are connected by single bonds to the rest of the molecule. In some embodiments, the alkynyl group contains 2 to 20 carbon atoms ("C2-C20 alkynyl"), preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms ("C2-C10 alkynyl"), and more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms ("C2-C6 alkynyl"). Non-limiting examples of alkynyl groups include ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, and 2-butynyl. Unless otherwise specifically specified in this specification, the alkynyl group may optionally be substituted. In some embodiments, the alkynyl group suitable for use in this invention can be a C2-C10 alkynyl group, such as C2 alkynyl, C3 alkynyl, C4 alkynyl, C5 alkynyl, C6 alkynyl, C7 alkynyl, C8 alkynyl, C9 alkynyl, or C10 alkynyl.

[0065] As used herein, "cycloalkyl" or "carbocyclic" refers to a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon having 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10) comprising one ring such as cyclohexyl or multiple rings such as adamantyl. Cycloalkyl groups comprising more than one ring can be fused, spirocyclic, bridged, or combinations thereof. Preferred cycloalkyl groups are saturated cyclic hydrocarbons having 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms ("C3-C8 cycloalkyl"). In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group has 4 to 6 ring carbon atoms ("C4-C6 cycloalkyl"). Examples of cycloalkyl groups include adamantyl, decahydronaphthyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl.

[0066] As used herein, as a group or part of another group, the term "heterocyclic group" or "heterocycle" means a stable, saturated or partially unsaturated non-aromatic cyclic group or part consisting of carbon atoms (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 carbon atoms) and heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen and sulfur (preferably nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur) (e.g., 1 to 6 heteroatoms, more preferably 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms). In some embodiments, the heterocyclic group may contain 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 cyclic atoms, for example 3 to 20 cyclic atoms, 3 to 19 cyclic atoms, 3 to 18 cyclic atoms, 3 to 17 cyclic atoms, 3 to 16 cyclic atoms, 3 to 15 cyclic atoms, 4 to 12 cyclic atoms, 4 to 10 cyclic atoms, 4 to 9 cyclic atoms, 4 to 8 cyclic atoms, 4 to 7 cyclic atoms, 4 to 6 cyclic atoms, or 4 to 5 cyclic atoms. Unless otherwise specifically indicated in this specification, heterocyclic groups can be monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or more ring systems, which may include fused / fused ring systems (i.e., fused heterocyclic groups, such as 4-9 membered fused heterocyclic groups), bridged ring systems (i.e., bridged heterocyclic groups, such as 6-12 membered bridged heterocyclic groups), or spirocyclic systems (i.e., spirocyclic groups, such as 6-12 membered spirocyclic groups). A fused heterocyclic group refers to a ring system consisting of multiple (e.g., two, three, or more) rings, wherein at least two rings are bonded to each other by sharing two adjacent atoms (i.e., the at least two rings share a covalent bond, thereby directly connecting the bridgehead atoms), preferably a bicyclic fused heterocyclic group. A bridged heterocyclic group refers to a ring system consisting of multiple (e.g., two, three, or more) rings, wherein at least two rings are bonded to each other by sharing three or more atoms (the at least two rings are separated by a bridge containing at least one atom between the two bridgehead atoms). A spirocyclic group is a ring system consisting of multiple (e.g., two, three, or more) rings, wherein at least two rings are heterocyclic groups bonded to each other by sharing a single carbon atom. The nitrogen, carbon, or sulfur atom in the heterocyclic group may optionally be oxidized, and the nitrogen atom may optionally be quaternized. The heterocyclic group may be connected to the rest of the molecule via a carbon atom or a heteroatom and by a single bond. In some cases, the heterocyclic group may be carbon-linked, nitrogen-linked, or sulfur-linked. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic group is carbon-linked. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic group is nitrogen-linked. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic group is sulfur-linked. Unless otherwise specifically specified in this specification, the heterocyclic group may optionally be substituted.

[0067] Heterocyclic groups also include groups in which the heterocyclic group is fused with a saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated (i.e., aromatic) cyclic hydrocarbon group, aryl, heterocyclic group, or heteroaryl group. In heterocyclic groups containing fused rings, one or more rings may be aryl or heteroaryl as defined below. Examples of fused heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl-fused heterocyclic groups or pyridyl-fused heterocyclic groups, as well as quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazinyl, quinazolinyl, azidoindolazinyl, pteridinyl, chromenyl, isochromenyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolazinyl, indazole, purine, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzoimidazolyl, benzothiophene, benzothiazolyl, carbazolyl, phenazinyl, phenthiazolyl, phenanthidyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl, [1,2,4]triazo[4,3-a]pyridinyl, and [1,2,3]triazo[4,3-a]pyridinyl fused heterocyclic groups, etc.

[0068] In some embodiments, the heterocyclic group is a stable non-aromatic monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or more cyclic group (including fused, bridged or spirocyclic groups) containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, such as a stable 5 to 10 (e.g. 4 to 9) non-aromatic monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or more cyclic group (including fused, bridged or spirocyclic groups) containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Examples of heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to: pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, piperidinyl, thiomorpholinyl, 2,7-diaza-spiro[3.5]nonane-7-yl, 2-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.3]heptane-6-yl, 2-oxa-6-aza-spiro[3.4]octane-7-yl, 8-oxa-2-aza-spiro[4.5]decane-6-yl, 2,5-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-yl, azacyclobutane, oxacyclobutane, thiocyclobutane, thiocyclobutane, thiocyclobutane Cyclopentyl, pyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiaranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, oxazinyl, dioxocyclopentyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroisoquinolinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazoalkyl, quinazinyl, thiazoalkyl, isothiazolinyl, isoxazolinyl, dihydroindolyl, octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, pyrazolyl, phthalimide, dioxothiomorpholinyl, dioxothiocyclopentyl, dioxothiocyclobutyl, thiocyclohexyl, dioxothiocyclohexyl, thiomorpholinyl, 1,4-oxothiocyclohexyl, etc.

[0069] As used herein, "alkoxy" refers to alkyl-O-, and the definition of alkyl is as described above. Preferred alkoxy groups are C1-C20 alkoxy groups, such as C1-C16 alkoxy, C1-C10 alkoxy, C1-C8 alkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C4 alkoxy groups, including, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy, 1,2-dimethylbutoxy, etc.

[0070] As used in this article, "alkylthio" refers to alkyl-S-, and the definition of alkyl is as described above.

[0071] As used herein, "halogenated" or "halogen" refers to elements in Group 17 with atomic numbers 9 to 85. "Halogen" or "halogen atom" refers to F, Cl, Br, and I. "Halogenated" means substituted by an atom selected from F, Cl, Br, and I.

[0072] As used in this article, "amino" refers to -NH2.

[0073] As used in this article, "carboxyl group" refers to -COOH.

[0074] As used in this article, "nitro" refers to -NO2.

[0075] As used in this article, "hydroxyl group" refers to -OH.

[0076] As used in this article, "cyano" refers to -CN.

[0077] As used herein, "aryl" refers to an unsaturated aromatic carbocyclic monovalent group having a single ring (e.g., phenyl) or multiple fused rings (e.g., naphthyl or anthracene), wherein the fused rings may or may not be aromatic. In one variation, the aryl group comprises 6 to 14 cyclic carbon atoms ("C6-C14 aryl"), preferably C6-C10 aryl. Aryl groups having more than one ring, wherein at least one ring is non-aromatic, may be attached to the parent structure at an aromatic ring position or at a non-aromatic ring position. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, fluorenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, indene, azulel, biphenyl, biphenylene, and genus.

[0078] As used herein, "heteroaryl" refers to a monovalent group containing 5-14, preferably 5-10, ring atoms, and having 6, 10, or 14 π electrons shared in the ring system. The ring atoms in a heteroaryl group are carbon atoms and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, S, and Se. In this invention, preferred heteroaryl groups are those containing N, S, or O atoms, and more preferably, those containing N or S atoms. Examples of heteroaryl groups include: carbazolyl, triazolyl, thiophene, furanyl, pyranyl, pyrroleyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indazinyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, dibenzothiophene, dibenzopyridyl, and pyrazolopyrimidinyl, etc.

[0079] This invention designs a novel light-converting agent system based on the benzotriazole structure: a substituent (R1) is introduced at position 5 of the benzotriazole, disrupting the symmetry of the conjugated structure of the light-converting agent, thereby disrupting the π-π interactions between conjugated molecules, increasing the quantum yield of the molecule, and thus improving the luminescence performance of the light-converting film. Furthermore, due to the electronic and steric effects of the substituent itself, the introduction of the substituent (R1) causes a red-shift or blue-shift in the absorption of the light-converting agent molecule, thereby adjusting the absorption range of the light-converting agent.

[0080] This invention provides a compound of formula I:

[0081]

[0082] R1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-14 membered heterocyclic groups, halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxyl, azide, (C1-C10 alkyl)-CO-O- and -CO-O-(C1-C10 alkyl);

[0083] R2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-14 membered heterocyclic, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C14 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, carboxyl, azide and -CO-(C1-C10 alkyl);

[0084] Ar is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C6-C14 aryl groups and substituted or unsubstituted 5-14 heteroaryl groups;

[0085] The 3-14 membered heterocyclic group and the 5-14 membered heteroaryl group each independently include 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S;

[0086] The halogen is F, Cl, Br or I.

[0087] In some embodiments, the substituents on the C1-C10 alkyl group that replaces R1 are 1, 2, 3 or 4 halogens, said halogens being F, Cl or Br.

[0088] In some embodiments, the substituents on the C1-C20 alkyl group that replaces R2 are one, two, or three C1-C10 alkoxy groups.

[0089] In some embodiments, in the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl group as R2, the C atom directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of benzotriazole is carbon number 1, and the carbon atom bonded to carbon number 1 in the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl group as R2 is a tertiary carbon; preferably, carbon number 1 is a primary carbon.

[0090] In some embodiments, the substituents on the substituted C6-C14 aryl group or the substituted 5-14 heteroaryl group of Ar are 1, 2, 3 or 4 selected from -NR. a R b Substituents such as C1-C10 alkyl, NC-(C1-C10 alkylene)-, C1-C10 alkoxy, C6-C14 aryl, -CO-(C6-C14 aryl) and 5-14 heteroaryl groups having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, R a and R b Each is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C10 alkyl and C6-C14 aryl.

[0091] In some embodiments, R1 is selected from C1-C10 alkoxy, C1-C10 alkylthio, halogen, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, and substituted C1-C10 alkyl. Preferably, R1 is selected from C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C10 alkylthio, halogen, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, and C1-C10 alkyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 F atoms. Preferably, R1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and halogen. Preferably, R1 is selected from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, and halogen; the halogen is preferably Cl.

[0092] In some embodiments, R2 is selected from carboxyl, amino, -NH(C1-C10 alkyl), -N(C1-C10 alkyl)2, -CO-(C1-C10 alkyl), C3-C10 cycloalkyl, 5-14 membered heterocyclic group having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, C6-C14 aryl, 5-14 membered heteroaryl group having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, C1-C20 alkoxy, C2-C10 alkenyl, substituted C1-C20 alkyl and unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, wherein the substituents on the substituted C1-C20 alkyl group of R2 are 1, 2 or 3 C1-C6 alkoxy groups.

[0093] In some embodiments, R2 is selected from C6-C14 aryl, 5-7 membered heteroaryl having 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, C1-C10 alkoxy, substituted C1-C10 alkyl, and unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, wherein the substituent of the substituted C1-C10 alkyl of R2 is C1-C6 alkoxy. Preferably, R2 is an unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, and more preferably an unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl or an unsubstituted C4-C8 alkyl.

[0094] In some implementations, R2 is selected from:

[0095]

[0096] Where * represents the site where R2 is connected to other parts of the compound of formula I.

[0097] In some embodiments, the substituents on the substituted C6-C14 aryl group or the substituted 5-14 heteroaryl group of Ar are 1, 2, 3 or 4 selected from -NR. a R b C1-C6 alkyl, NC-(C1-C6 alkylene)-, C1-C6 alkoxy, C6-C14 aryl, -CO-(C6-C14 aryl) and substituents having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, R a and R b All are C6-C14 aryl groups.

[0098] In some embodiments, Ar is a substituted C6-C14 aryl or an unsubstituted C6-C14 aryl; the substituents of the substituted C6-C14 aryl group of Ar are 1, 2, 3 or 4 selected from C1-C10 alkyl, C1-C10 alkoxy and -NR. a R b The substituents. Preferably, Ar is a substituted phenyl group; the substituent of the substituted phenyl group of Ar is in a para-position relative to the other parts of the compound. Preferably, Ar is selected from:

[0099]

[0100] Where * represents the site where Ar is connected to other parts of the compound of formula I.

[0101] In some embodiments, the compound of formula I is selected from:

[0102]

[0103] The present invention also provides the use of the compound of formula I as a light-converting agent. In some embodiments, the quantum yield of the compound of formula I is above 90%, for example above 92%, such as 92-94%.

[0104] This invention also provides a light-converting film, which comprises a matrix resin and a compound of Formula I of this invention. The matrix resin may be selected from resins commonly used in the field of light-converting films. In some embodiments, the matrix resin is selected from one or more of POE (an elastomer obtained by random copolymerization of ethylene and α-olefins), EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), EPE (a three-layer structure of EVA+POE+EVA), PVB (polyvinyl butyral), and silicone. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the compound of Formula I to the matrix resin is (1-20):1000, for example (1-10):1000, (1-5):1000, or (1-2):1000.

[0105] In some embodiments, the absorption wavelength of the light-converting film of the present invention is above 320 nm. The light-converting agent of this application can broaden the minimum absorption wavelength of the light-converting film to around 320 nm.

[0106] The present invention also provides a solar cell, which includes the light conversion film of the present invention. In some embodiments, the solar cell is a tunneling oxide passivation cell (TOPCon), a back contact cell (BC), a heterojunction (HJT) cell, or a perovskite cell or its tandem cell.

[0107] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the light-converting film of the present invention, the method comprising mixing a mixture of a matrix resin and a compound of formula I of the present invention. In some embodiments, the mixing temperature is 100±20°C and the mixing time is 10±2 min.

[0108] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Experimental methods in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are generally performed under conventional conditions or as recommended by the manufacturer. Percentages and parts are by weight unless otherwise stated.

[0109] Preparation Example 1

[0110] The synthetic routes for all structures are performed according to the following general synthetic steps:

[0111]

[0112] first step:

[0113] At room temperature, 1 mol of 4-R1-phenylenediamine was dissolved in 50 mL of acetic acid, and 1.5 mol of sodium nitrite was added and stirred for 2 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was added to sufficient deionized water, then filtered to collect the filter cake, which was repeatedly washed with deionized water and dried to obtain 5-R1-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole.

[0114] Step Two:

[0115] Under an inert atmosphere, 1 mol of 5-R1-yl-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole, 1.2 mol of the R2 halide (chloro, bromine, iodine) derivative, and 3 mol of potassium carbonate were added to 200 mL of dimethylformamide. The reaction mixture was heated and stirred at 40 °C for 24 hours under an inert atmosphere, then poured into ice water and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was then extracted with sufficient dichloromethane, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Finally, the product was purified by column chromatography to obtain the target product.

[0116] Step 3:

[0117] 0.1 mol of the product obtained in step two was dissolved in 50 mL of acetic acid. Then, 0.25 mol of N-succinimide bromide was added in portions under ice bath conditions, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 6 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction system was allowed to cool to room temperature, then poured into a saturated sodium bisulfite solution and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was then extracted with excess dichloromethane, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Finally, the product was purified by column chromatography to obtain the target product.

[0118] Step 4:

[0119] Under an inert atmosphere, 0.1 mol of 4,7-dibromo-5-R1-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole substituted with R2 and 0.25 mol of Ar-boronic acid were dissolved in 100 mL of toluene. 20 mmol of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), 0.2 mol of sodium carbonate and 10 mL of deionized water were added. The mixture was heated to 120 °C and refluxed for 24 hours. After cooling to room temperature, 200 mL of water was added to the reaction flask to quench the reaction. The mixture was extracted three times with dichloromethane, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated. The target product was purified by column chromatography to obtain the optically converting molecule.

[0120] Preparation Example 2

[0121] The preparation process of the light conversion film involved in all embodiments and comparative examples is as follows:

[0122] The base resin and the light-converting agent were simultaneously added to a mixer (100°C, 10 min) in the ratio mentioned in the examples and comparative examples (light-converting agent: base resin ≥ 1:1000) to obtain the final light-converting film.

[0123] Example 1

[0124] Synthesize the following molecules:

[0125]

[0126] This molecule was synthesized following the general synthetic steps outlined above. 1 ¹H NMR (400MHz, deuterated chloroform) δ = 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.48 (d, J = 7.2Hz, 4H), 7.40–7.30 (m, 8H), 7.28–7.20 (m, 12H), 7.15 (t, J = 7.7Hz, 4H), 4.45 (d, J = 7.2Hz, 2H), 2.55–2.45 (m, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 0.88 (d, J = 7.3Hz, 6H). MALDI-TOF result: 675.9.

[0127] The prepared light-converting agent and EVA matrix resin were mixed in a mixer at a mass ratio of 1.5:1000 to obtain a light-converting film. After lamination, the maximum absorption wavelength of the light-converting film was measured to be 375 nm using a UV spectrophotometer, and the maximum emission wavelength of the light-converting film was measured to be 480 nm using a fluorescence spectrometer. The quantum yield of the solid powder of the light-converting agent with a purity of over 99% was 93%.

[0128] The introduction of a monomethyl group results in a blue shift in absorption compared to the original light-converting agent.

[0129] The transmittance of the light-converting film at 0.45 mm was measured using a fiber optic spectrometer. The transmittance below 400 nm was almost 0, while the transmittance in the 280-400 nm range was 2.1%.

[0130] Example 2

[0131] Synthesize the following molecules:

[0132]

[0133] This molecule was synthesized following the general synthetic steps outlined above. 1¹H NMR (400MHz, deuterated chloroform) δ = 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.40 (d, J = 7.5Hz, 2H), 7.30 (d, J = 7.5Hz, 2H), 4.41 (d, J = 7.3Hz, 2H), 2.05–1.95 (m, 1H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.33 (s, 18H), 0.91 (d, J = 7.3Hz, 6H). MALDI-TOF result: 495.8.

[0134] The prepared light-converting agent was mixed with POE matrix resin at a mass ratio of 1:1000 in a mixer to prepare a light-converting film. After lamination, the maximum absorption wavelength of the light-converting film was measured to be 320 nm using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the maximum emission wavelength of the light-converting film was measured to be 385 nm using a fluorescence spectrometer. The quantum yield of the solid powder of the light-converting agent with a purity of over 99% was 94%.

[0135] The introduction of tert-butyl results in a blue shift in absorption compared to the original light-converting agent.

[0136] The transmittance of the light-converting film at 0.45 mm was measured using a fiber optic spectrometer. The transmittance below 350 nm was almost 0, while the transmittance in the 280-350 nm range was 2.0%.

[0137] Example 3

[0138] Synthesize the following molecules:

[0139]

[0140] This molecule was synthesized following the general synthetic steps outlined above. 1 ¹H NMR (400MHz, deuterated chloroform) δ = 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 7.5Hz, 2H), 7.30 (d, J = 7.5Hz, 2H), 4.46 (d, J = 7.3Hz, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 2.00–1.93 (m, 1H), 1.35 (s, 18H), 0.94 (d, J = 7.3Hz, 6H). MALDI-TOF result: 469.7.

[0141] The prepared light-converting agent was mixed with POE matrix resin at a mass ratio of 1:1000 in a mixer to prepare a light-converting film. After lamination, the maximum absorption wavelength of the light-converting film was measured to be 350 nm using a UV spectrophotometer, and the maximum emission wavelength of the light-converting film was measured to be 440 nm using a fluorescence spectrometer. The quantum yield of the solid powder of the light-converting agent with a purity of over 99% was 94%.

[0142] The introduction of alkoxy groups resulted in a red shift in absorption compared to the original light-converting agent.

[0143] Example 4

[0144] Synthesize the following molecules:

[0145]

[0146] This molecule was synthesized following the general synthetic steps outlined above. 1 ¹H NMR (400MHz, deuterated chloroform) δ = 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.40 (d, J = 7.5Hz, 2H), 7.30 (d, J = 7.5Hz, 2H), 4.42 (d, J = 7.3Hz, 2H), 2.03–1.93 (m, 1H), 1.33 (s, 18H), 0.91 (d, J = 7.3Hz, 6H). MALDI-TOF result was 474.1.

[0147] The prepared light-converting agent was mixed with PVB matrix resin at a mass ratio of 1:1000 in a mixer to prepare a light-converting film. After lamination, the maximum absorption wavelength of the light-converting film was measured to be 335 nm using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the maximum emission wavelength of the light-converting film was measured to be 415 nm using a fluorescence spectrometer. The quantum yield of the solid powder of the light-converting agent with a purity of over 99% was 92%.

[0148] The introduction of chlorine caused a blue shift in absorption compared to the original light-converting agent.

[0149] The transmittance of the light-converting film at 0.45 mm was tested using a fiber optic spectrometer. The transmittance below 370 nm was almost 0, while the transmittance in the 280-370 nm range was 2.3%.

[0150] Example 5

[0151] Synthesize the following molecules:

[0152]

[0153] This molecule was synthesized following the general synthetic steps outlined above. 1 ¹H NMR (400MHz, deuterated chloroform) δ = 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.43 (d, J = 7.5Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J = 7.5Hz, 2H), 4.70 (m, 1H), 4.46 (d, J = 7.3Hz, 2H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.10–2.00 (m, 1H), 1.35–1.20 (m, 20H), 0.99 (d, J = 7.3Hz, 3H), 0.88 (d, J = 7.2Hz, 3H). MALDI-TOF result was 513.7.

[0154] The prepared light-converting agent was mixed with PVB matrix resin at a mass ratio of 2:1000 in an internal mixer to prepare a light-converting film. After lamination, the maximum absorption wavelength of the light-converting film was measured to be 325 nm using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the maximum emission wavelength of the light-converting film was measured to be 395 nm using a fluorescence spectrometer. The quantum yield of the solid powder of the light-converting agent with a purity of over 99% was 93%.

[0155] The introduction of methyl groups results in a blue shift in absorption compared to the original light-converting agent.

[0156] The transmittance of the light-converting film at 0.45 mm was measured using a fiber optic spectrometer. The transmittance below 360 nm was almost 0, while the transmittance in the 280-360 nm range was 2.0%.

[0157] Comparative Example 1

[0158]

[0159] This molecule was synthesized following standard synthetic procedures, the difference being that the initial monomer was benzotriazole without any substituted groups; the rest of the preparation process for the light-converting film remained consistent with Example 1. After lamination, the maximum absorption wavelength of the light-converting film was measured to be 400 nm using a UV spectrophotometer, and the maximum emission wavelength was measured to be 500 nm using a fluorescence spectrometer. The quantum yield of the solid powder of the light-converting agent with a purity of over 99% was 78%. The transmittance of the light-converting film at 0.45 mm was measured using a fiber optic spectrometer, and the transmittance in the 280-400 nm range was 8.2%.

[0160] Comparative Example 2

[0161]

[0162] This molecule was synthesized following standard synthetic procedures, the difference being that the initial monomer was benzotriazole without any substituted groups; the rest of the preparation process for the light-converting film remained consistent with Example 2. After lamination, the maximum absorption wavelength of the light-converting film was measured to be 340 nm using a UV spectrophotometer, and the maximum emission wavelength was measured to be 420 nm using a fluorescence spectrometer. The quantum yield of the solid powder light-converting agent with a purity of over 99% was 80%. The transmittance of the light-converting film at 0.45 mm was measured using a fiber optic spectrometer, and the transmittance in the 280-380 nm range was 9.3%.

[0163] Comparative Example 3

[0164]

[0165] This molecule was synthesized following standard synthetic procedures, the difference being that the initial monomer was benzotriazole without any substituted groups; the rest of the preparation process for the light-converting film remained consistent with Example 5. After lamination, the maximum absorption wavelength of the light-converting film was measured to be 353 nm using a UV spectrophotometer, and the maximum emission wavelength was measured to be 440 nm using a fluorescence spectrometer. The quantum yield of the solid powder of the light-converting agent with a purity of over 99% was 78%. The transmittance of the light-converting film at 0.45 mm was measured using a fiber optic spectrometer, and the transmittance in the 280-380 nm range was 8.5%.

[0166] Test Example 1

[0167] The test method for the absorption wavelength of the light-converting film in all embodiments and comparative examples is as follows: after the prepared light-converting film is laminated using a laminator (150°C, 600s), it is tested using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer.

[0168] Test Example 2

[0169] The methods for testing the emission wavelength and quantum yield of the light-converting film in all examples and comparative examples are as follows: The prepared light-converting film was laminated using a laminator (150°C, 600 s), and the peak emission wavelength of the film was measured using an Edinburgh FLS1000 fluorescence spectrometer. After purification of the light-converting agent, ensuring a purity of over 99%, the quantum yield of the solid light-converting agent powder was directly measured using an Edinburgh FLS1000 fluorescence spectrometer.

[0170] Test Example 3

[0171] In all embodiments and comparative examples, the transmittance was tested using the following method: after lamination with a laminator (150°C, 600s), the transmittance at a thickness of 0.45mm of the light-converting film was tested using a fiber optic spectrometer.

[0172] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0173] Table 1

[0174]

[0175] It should be noted that the red and blue shifts in the absorption of light-converting agents are crucial for the development of crystalline silicon solar cells. For TOPCon and BC cell technologies, the response to short wavelengths is very high, meaning that in practical applications, long wavelengths of light cannot be absorbed, otherwise, significant power loss will occur. Therefore, light-converting agents that absorb shorter wavelengths are needed. For HJT and perovskite cells, improved cell efficiency means higher sensitivity to ultraviolet light, necessitating light-converting agents with longer absorption wavelengths. The key to this invention is the introduction of different substituents at the 5-position of benzotriazole, utilizing the electronic effects of the substituents to achieve a blue or red shift in the absorption wavelength of the light-converting agent molecule. The absorption wavelengths of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 clearly demonstrate that the introduction of a methyl group results in a significant blue shift in absorption. The absorption wavelengths of Examples 2, 3, and 4 and Comparative Example 2 clearly demonstrate that the introduction of different substituents results in a significant blue or red shift in absorption. The absorption wavelengths of Example 5 and Comparative Example 3 clearly demonstrate that the introduction of a methyl group results in a significant blue shift in absorption. On the other hand, due to the introduction of unilateral groups, the overall molecular structure becomes asymmetrical, disrupting the π-π interactions between conjugated molecules. This increases the quantum yield of the light-converting molecules themselves, thereby improving the luminescence performance of the light-converting film, which is significant for improving module efficiency. Furthermore, benzotriazole-based light-converting agents have two absorption peaks: a long-wavelength region representing the absorption of the molecule itself, and a short-wavelength region representing the absorption of a molecular fragment. The introduction of substituents does not affect the absorption of the molecular fragment; therefore, for light-converting agents with a blue shift in absorption, the distance between the two absorption peaks shortens. This means that the absorbance at the junction of the two absorption peaks increases, resulting in increased absorption at this wavelength with the same amount added, i.e., decreased transmittance, which helps protect the battery. Conversely, if the light-converting film is to achieve wavelength shielding at a specific wavelength, selecting a light-converting agent with a blue shift in absorption, as described in this invention, allows for the addition of a smaller amount to the light-converting film, achieving a cost-reduction function in photovoltaics.

Claims

1. Compound of Formula I: R1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-14 membered heterocyclic groups, halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxyl, azide, (C1-C10 alkyl)-CO-O- and -CO-O-(C1-C10 alkyl); R2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-14 membered heterocyclic, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C14 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, carboxyl, azide and -CO-(C1-C10 alkyl); Ar is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C6-C14 aryl groups and substituted or unsubstituted 5-14 heteroaryl groups; The 3-14 membered heterocyclic group and the 5-14 membered heteroaryl group each independently include 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; The halogen is F, Cl, Br or I.

2. The compound of formula I as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The compound of formula I has one or more of the following characteristics: The substituents on the C1-C10 alkyl group that replaces R1 are 1, 2, 3 or 4 halogens, wherein the halogens are F, Cl or Br; The substituents on the C1-C10 alkyl group that replaces R2 are 1, 2 or 3 C1-C10 alkoxy groups; In the C1-C10 alkyl groups that are substituted or unsubstituted for R2, the C atom directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of benzotriazole is carbon number 1, and the carbon atom bonded to carbon number 1 in the C1-C10 alkyl groups that are substituted or unsubstituted for R2 is a tertiary carbon. The substituents on the C6-C14 aryl group or the substituted 5-14 heteroaryl group, which are substituted for Ar, are 1, 2, 3 or 4 selected from -NR. a R b Substituents such as C1-C10 alkyl, NC-(C1-C10 alkylene)-, C1-C10 alkoxy, C6-C14 aryl, -CO-(C6-C14 aryl) and 5-14 heteroaryl groups having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, R a and R b Each is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C10 alkyl and C6-C14 aryl.

3. The compound of formula I as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, R1 is selected from C1-C10 alkoxy, C1-C10 alkylthio, halogen, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, and substituted C1-C10 alkyl; preferably, R1 is selected from C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C10 alkylthio, halogen, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, and C1-C10 alkyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 F atoms; preferably, R1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and halogen; preferably, R1 is selected from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, and halogen; preferably, the halogen is Cl.

4. The compound of formula I as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, R2 is selected from carboxyl, amino, -NH(C1-C10 alkyl), -N(C1-C10 alkyl)2, -CO-(C1-C10 alkyl), C3-C10 cycloalkyl, 5-14 membered heterocyclic group having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, C6-C14 aryl, 5-14 membered heteroaryl group having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, C1-C10 alkoxy, C2-C10 alkenyl, substituted C1-C10 alkyl and unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, wherein the substituents on the substituted C1-C10 alkyl group of R2 are 1, 2 or 3 C1-C6 alkoxy groups; Preferably, R2 is selected from C6-C14 aryl, 5-7 membered heteroaryl having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, C1-C10 alkoxy, substituted C1-C10 alkyl and unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, wherein the substituent of the substituted C1-C10 alkyl of R2 is C1-C6 alkoxy. Preferably, R2 is an unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl group; Preferably, R2 is an unsubstituted C4-C8 alkyl group; Preferably, R2 is selected from: Where * represents the site where R2 is connected to other parts of the compound of formula I.

5. The compound of formula I as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The substituents on the C6-C14 aryl group or the substituted 5-14 heteroaryl group, which are substituted for Ar, are 1, 2, 3 or 4 selected from -NR. a R b C1-C6 alkyl, NC-(C1-C6 alkylene)-, C1-C6 alkoxy, C6-C14 aryl, -CO-(C6-C14 aryl) and substituents having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, R a and R b Each is independently selected from C6-C14 aryl groups; Preferably, Ar is a substituted C6-C14 aryl or an unsubstituted C6-C14 aryl; the substituents of the substituted C6-C14 aryl group of Ar are 1, 2, 3 or 4 selected from C1-C10 alkyl, C1-C10 alkoxy and -NR. a R b Substituents; Preferably, Ar is a substituted phenyl group; the substituent of the substituted phenyl group is in a para-position relative to the other parts of the compound; Preferably, Ar is selected from: Where * represents the site where Ar is connected to other parts of the compound of formula I.

6. The compound of formula I as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The compound of formula I is selected from:

7. Use of the compound of formula I according to any one of claims 1-6 as a light-converting agent.

8. A light-converting film, characterized in that, The light-converting film comprises a matrix resin and a compound of formula I according to any one of claims 1-6.

9. The light-converting film as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The matrix resin is selected from one or more of POE, EVA, EPE, PVB and silicone; and / or, the mass ratio of the compound of formula I to the matrix resin is (1-20):1000, preferably (1-2):1000.

10. A solar cell, characterized in that, The solar cell includes the light-converting film as described in claim 8 or 9; preferably, the solar cell is a tunneling oxide passivation cell (TOPCon), a back contact cell (BC), a heterojunction (HJT) cell, or a perovskite cell and its tandem cell.

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