Tea saponin-tea polyphenol compound and extraction method thereof
By combining water-soluble and alcohol-soluble methods with three ultrasonic treatments, the problem of low extraction purity of tea saponins and tea polyphenols was solved, achieving efficient extraction of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complexes. The content of tea saponins and tea polyphenols was significantly increased, and the antioxidant capacity was enhanced.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies result in low purity and numerous impurities in the extraction of tea saponins and tea polyphenols, and cannot extract them simultaneously and efficiently, leading to increased costs. Furthermore, a significant amount of tea polyphenols remain in the oil.
The method of water-soluble followed by alcohol-soluble extraction combined with three ultrasonic treatments was adopted. First, tea saponins were extracted with water, then tea polyphenols were extracted with ethanol. The solubility and extraction efficiency were improved by adjusting the pH value, adding sodium chloride and glycerol, and using ultrasonic treatment. Finally, the tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex was obtained by concentration and freeze drying.
It improved the extraction rate and purity of tea saponin and tea polyphenols, with tea saponin content greater than 40 wt%, tea polyphenol content greater than 25 wt%, significantly improved antioxidant properties, and extraction rate greater than 32%.
Smart Images
Figure CN121736038A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of plant extraction technology, specifically a tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex and its extraction method. Background Technology
[0002] Tea saponin is a pure natural saponin extracted from the seeds of plants in the Theaceae family. It is a white powder with the molecular formula C. 57 H 90 O 28 With a melting point of 224℃, it is a nonionic surfactant. Tea saponin has emulsifying, dispersing, wetting, and foaming properties. It also has pharmacological effects such as anti-permeability, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties, as well as sterilization, insecticidal, and plant growth-stimulating functions. It is a major raw material used to produce emulsifiers, detergents, foaming agents, insecticides, and other products.
[0003] The traditional method for extracting tea saponins from the seeds of Camellia plants (Theaceae family) involves ethanol extraction of camellia oil cake, followed by concentration, drying, and pulverization to obtain tea saponins. However, in this process, ethanol cannot effectively decompose residues in the oil in the extract, affecting the purity and content of the tea saponins. Therefore, quality inspections show that tea saponins produced using this method have low purity, high residue levels, and unstable content. Another method is water extraction followed by alcohol extraction. Specifically, camellia oil cake is first soaked in hot water for extraction, then physically precipitated using a settling agent, followed by ethanol extraction. This method directly extracts tea saponins without pretreatment of the camellia oil cake. Because the camellia oil cake contains many impurities, it affects the solubility of tea saponins in hot water, reducing extraction efficiency. Furthermore, the resulting extract contains many impurities; physical sedimentation can only remove large particles, resulting in tea saponins with low purity and high impurity content.
[0004] Conventional techniques, based on the solubility characteristics of different substances, not only result in low purity and numerous impurities in tea saponins, but also fail to effectively extract tea polyphenols from camellia oil cake. Tea polyphenols are only slightly soluble in oil, leaving a significant residue in the cake after oil extraction. Single water-soluble or alcohol-soluble methods cannot efficiently extract tea saponins and tea polyphenols simultaneously, and also increase costs, which does not align with the principle of maximizing the utilization of byproducts. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for extracting tea saponin-tea polyphenol complexes, comprising the following steps: S1. Obtain camellia oil cake residue, add pure water to obtain an extraction system, wherein the ratio of camellia oil cake residue to pure water is 1 kg: (10~15) L; S2. Adjust the pH of the extraction system to 4-6, perform the first ultrasonic treatment, then add 1wt%-2wt% sodium chloride to the extraction system, perform the second ultrasonic treatment, then add 1wt%-3wt% glycerol, and perform high-speed shearing. S3. Add ethanol to the extraction system for soaking, then perform a third ultrasonic treatment, and after concentration, filtration, precipitation and freeze drying, obtain tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex. The mass ratio of the extraction system to the ethanol is 1:(10~12).
[0006] The temperature of the first ultrasonic treatment is 50~60℃, the frequency is 50~70kHz, and the time is 2~4h.
[0007] The second ultrasonic treatment is performed at a temperature of 70-75°C, a frequency of 50-70kHz, and a duration of 30-50 minutes.
[0008] The third ultrasonic treatment is performed at a temperature of 50-55°C, a frequency of 60-80kHz, and a duration of 40-50 minutes.
[0009] Step S1 further includes: before adding the pure water, the camellia oil cake is sieved through a 40-60 mesh screen, dried at 60-80℃, and degreased.
[0010] In step S3, the ethanol has a mass fraction of 90wt% to 95wt%, the ethanol soaking time is 3 to 5 hours, the concentration is achieved by rotary evaporation, the filtration is performed using an inorganic ceramic microfiltration membrane, and the precipitation is achieved using a flocculant.
[0011] In step S3, the flocculant includes calcium oxide.
[0012] Step S3 further includes: the filtrate obtained by filtration is concentrated under reduced pressure to recover the ethanol.
[0013] The present invention also provides a tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex, wherein the tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex is extracted by the above-mentioned extraction method of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex, the extraction rate of the tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex is greater than or equal to 32%, and the content of tea saponin in the tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex is greater than or equal to 40 wt% and the content of tea polyphenol is greater than or equal to 25 wt%.
[0014] This invention improves efficiency and shortens time through three ultrasonic treatments, reduces component competition through stepwise extraction, and improves purity. Experimental analysis has verified that the tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex prepared by the method of this invention has a high extraction rate, and the content of tea saponin and tea polyphenols in the tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex is also significantly increased, and the antioxidant properties are significantly improved. Attached Figure Description
[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.
[0016] Figure 1 The Fourier transform infrared spectra of the sample and the standard prepared in Example 1 of this invention are shown below. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the scavenging rates of ABTS and DPPH free radicals by samples of different concentrations prepared in Example 1 of this invention; Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the scavenging rates of ABTS and DPPH free radicals by the samples prepared in the embodiments and comparative examples of this invention.
[0017] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The technical solutions described below in conjunction with the embodiments will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0019] This invention achieves the compound extraction of tea saponins and tea polyphenols by first dissolving in water and then in alcohol, combined with ultrasonic treatment, to dissolve tea saponins and tea polyphenols separately. Furthermore, the extraction of tea saponins is further enhanced by using sodium chloride and glycerol, thereby further increasing the extraction rate of the obtained tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex.
[0020] This invention provides a method for extracting tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex, comprising the following steps: S1. Obtain camellia oil cake residue, add pure water to obtain an extraction system, wherein the ratio of camellia oil cake residue to pure water is 1 kg: (10~15) L; Tea saponins are mainly composed of three basic structures: sugars, organic acids, and aglycones. In this method, tea saponins are first extracted with water to disperse them evenly, which can initially enrich water-soluble components and reduce interference during subsequent alcohol extraction of tea polyphenols.
[0021] S2. Adjust the pH of the extraction system to 4-6, perform the first ultrasonic treatment, then add 1wt%-2wt% sodium chloride to the extraction system, perform the second ultrasonic treatment, then add 1wt%-3wt% glycerol, and perform high-speed shearing. Tea saponin is an excellent nonionic natural surfactant with good foaming, emulsifying and dispersing properties. Adding sodium chloride helps to improve solubility. Adding glycerol and adjusting the sodium chloride and glycerol content promotes the dissolution and extraction of tea saponin, which can not only improve the extraction rate of the product, but also does not affect the purity of the product.
[0022] Ultrasonic treatment improves mass transfer efficiency, breaks down cell walls, shortens extraction time, and accelerates the release, diffusion, and dissolution rate of substances inside camellia oil cake. It not only improves the extraction rate and the crushing rate, but also maximizes the bioactivity of the extracted material.
[0023] S3. Add ethanol to the extraction system, then perform a third ultrasonic treatment, and after concentration, filtration, precipitation and freeze drying, obtain tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex. The mass ratio of the extraction system to the ethanol is 1:(10~12).
[0024] Tea polyphenols are separated using organic solvents such as ethanol based on the principle of "like dissolves like".
[0025] The third ultrasonic treatment shortens the extraction time, further improves the yield and purity of tea saponins, and controls the ultrasonic temperature to minimize the degradation of tea polyphenols during extraction.
[0026] In the embodiments of the present invention, concentration, filtration and precipitation are carried out by rotary evaporation concentration, inorganic ceramic microfiltration membrane and flocculant, respectively.
[0027] Example 1 A method for extracting tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex includes the following steps: S1. Obtain 1 kg of camellia oil cake residue, add pure water to obtain the extraction system, wherein the ratio of camellia oil cake residue to pure water is 1 kg: 10 L; before adding pure water, perform sequential treatments including sieving through a 40-mesh sieve, drying at 60℃, and degreasing. S2. Adjust the pH of the extraction system to 6, perform the first ultrasonic treatment at 60°C, 50Hz, and 2h, then add 1wt% sodium chloride to the extraction system and perform the second ultrasonic treatment at 70°C, 50kHz, and 30min, then add 1wt% glycerol and perform high-speed shearing. S3. Add 95wt% ethanol to the extraction system and soak for 4 hours, then perform a third ultrasonic treatment at 55℃, 60kHz, and 45min. After concentration, filtration, precipitation, and freeze-drying, tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex is obtained. The mass ratio of the extraction system to the ethanol is 1:12.
[0028] The extraction rate of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex was calculated to be 32.5%.
[0029] The detected tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex contained 40.7 wt% tea saponin and 27.9 wt% tea polyphenols.
[0030] Example 2 A method for extracting tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex includes the following steps: S1. Obtain 1 kg of camellia oil cake residue, add pure water to obtain the extraction system, wherein the ratio of camellia oil cake residue to pure water is 1 kg: 13 L; before adding pure water, the product is sequentially sieved through a 50-mesh screen, dried at 70℃, and degreased. S2. Adjust the pH of the extraction system to 4, perform the first ultrasonic treatment at 50°C, 60kHz, and 3h, then add 1.5wt% sodium chloride to the extraction system and perform the second ultrasonic treatment at 70°C, 60kHz, and 40min, then add 2wt% glycerol and perform high-speed shearing. S3. Add 95wt% ethanol to the extraction system and soak for 5h. Then perform a third ultrasonic treatment at 50℃, 60kHz and 40min. After concentration, filtration, precipitation and freeze drying, tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex is obtained. The mass ratio of the extraction system to the ethanol is 1:10.
[0031] The extraction rate of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex was calculated to be 36.2%.
[0032] The detected tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex contained 42.2 wt% tea saponin and 28.6 wt% tea polyphenols.
[0033] Example 3 A method for extracting tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex includes the following steps: S1. Obtain 1 kg of camellia oil cake residue, add pure water to obtain the extraction system, wherein the ratio of camellia oil cake residue to pure water is 1 kg: 15 L; before adding pure water, perform 60-mesh sieving, drying at 80℃ and degreasing treatment in sequence. S2. Adjust the pH of the extraction system to 5, perform the first ultrasonic treatment at 60°C, 70Hz, and 4h, then add 2wt% sodium chloride to the extraction system and perform the second ultrasonic treatment at 75°C, 70kHz, and 50min, then add 3wt% glycerol and perform high-speed shearing. S3. Add 90wt% ethanol to the extraction system and soak for 3 hours, then perform a third ultrasonic treatment at 50℃, 60kHz, and 50min. After concentration, filtration, precipitation, and freeze-drying, tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex is obtained. The mass ratio of the extraction system to the ethanol is 1:11.
[0034] The extraction rate of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex was calculated to be 33.5%.
[0035] The detected tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex contained 40.9 wt% tea saponin and 29.8 wt% tea polyphenols.
[0036] Comparative Example 1 Unlike Example 1, sodium chloride was not added in step S2; The extraction rate of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex was calculated to be 30.8%.
[0037] The detected tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex contained 36.3 wt% tea saponin and 12.2 wt% tea polyphenols.
[0038] Comparative Example 2 Unlike Example 1, 0.5 wt% sodium chloride was added in step S2; The extraction rate of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex was calculated to be 31.3%.
[0039] The detected tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex contained 36.8 wt% tea saponin and 21.1 wt% tea polyphenols.
[0040] Comparative Example 3 Unlike Example 1, 3 wt% sodium chloride was added in step S2; The extraction rate of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex was calculated to be 31.5%.
[0041] The detected tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex contained 35.7 wt% tea saponin and 25.3 wt% tea polyphenols.
[0042] Comparative Example 4 Unlike Example 1, 0.5 wt% glycerol was added in step S2; The extraction rate of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex was calculated to be 28.6%.
[0043] The detected tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex contained 32.8 wt% tea saponin and 21.8 wt% tea polyphenols.
[0044] Comparative Example 5 Unlike Example 1, 5 wt% glycerol was added in step S2; The extraction rate of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex was calculated to be 32.3%.
[0045] The detected tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex contained 37.9 wt% tea saponin and 23.2 wt% tea polyphenols.
[0046] Comparative Example 6 Unlike Example 1, step S2 does not involve a second ultrasonic treatment; The extraction rate of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex was calculated to be 25.2%.
[0047] The detected tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex contained 25.3 wt% tea saponin and 22.6 wt% tea polyphenols.
[0048] Comparative Example 7 Unlike Example 1, step S3 is executed first, followed by steps S2 and S1; The extraction rate of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex was calculated to be 27.6%.
[0049] The detected tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex contained 28.2 wt% tea saponin and 23.5 wt% tea polyphenols.
[0050] Comparative Example 7 is a scheme that adds ethanol first and then water. Since tea saponins are also dissolved by ethanol, the extraction of tea saponins and tea polyphenols will interfere with each other, thus affecting the final extraction content.
[0051] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 The images show the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the sample and standard prepared in Example 1 of this invention. The extracted tea saponins and tea polyphenols were detected using FTIR spectroscopy. The freeze-dried sample was mixed with KBr at a mass ratio of 1:100 and ground. The mixture was then pressed into tablets using the KBr method, and 32 scans were performed at a resolution of 4 cm⁻¹. -1 The scanning range is 4000~400cm. -1 By comparing the infrared spectra, it was found that the sample extracted in Example 1 of this invention and the standard tea saponin showed no significant difference in characteristic peaks, indicating that the structure was relatively stable.
[0052] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the scavenging rates of ABTS and DPPH free radicals by samples of different concentrations prepared in Example 1 of this invention. The scavenging rate of ABTS (2,2′-adiazon-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid)) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine) free radicals is a quantitative indicator of the antioxidant capacity of a sample, indicating the percentage of ABTS or DPPH free radicals that the sample can scavenge under certain conditions. The antioxidant activity of the complex was measured, and compared with the standard, the sample structure was found to be stable and consistent, and the antioxidant activity reached more than 80% even at a low content (0.16 mg / mL).
[0053] For the scavenging rates of ABTS and DPPH free radicals of the samples prepared in the test examples and comparative examples at a concentration of 0.12 mg / mL, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 , Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the scavenging rates of ABTS and DPPH free radicals by the samples prepared in the examples and comparative examples of this invention. As can be seen from the results of the examples and comparative examples, the scavenging rates of ABTS and DPPH free radicals by the samples obtained in the examples are significantly higher than those of the samples obtained in the comparative examples at the same concentration.
[0054] This invention improves efficiency and shortens time through three ultrasonic treatments, reduces component competition through stepwise extraction, and improves purity. Experimental analysis has verified that the tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex prepared by the method of this invention has a high extraction rate, and the content of tea saponin and tea polyphenols in the tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex is also significantly increased, and the antioxidant properties are significantly improved.
[0055] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for extracting tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Obtain camellia oil cake residue, add pure water to obtain an extraction system, wherein the ratio of camellia oil cake residue to pure water is 1 kg: (10~15) L; S2. Adjust the pH of the extraction system to 4-6, perform the first ultrasonic treatment, then add 1wt%-2wt% sodium chloride to the extraction system, perform the second ultrasonic treatment, then add 1wt%-3wt% glycerol, and perform high-speed shearing. S3. Add ethanol to the extraction system for soaking, then perform a third ultrasonic treatment, and after concentration, filtration, precipitation and freeze drying, obtain tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex. The mass ratio of the extraction system to the ethanol is 1:(10~12).
2. The extraction method of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature of the first ultrasonic treatment is 50~60℃, the frequency is 50~70kHz, and the time is 2~4h.
3. The extraction method of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second ultrasonic treatment is performed at a temperature of 70-75°C, a frequency of 50-70kHz, and a duration of 30-50 minutes.
4. The extraction method of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex according to claim 1, characterized in that, The third ultrasonic treatment is performed at a temperature of 50-55°C, a frequency of 60-80kHz, and a duration of 40-50 minutes.
5. The extraction method of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 further includes: before adding the pure water, the camellia oil cake is sieved through a 40-60 mesh screen, dried at 60-80℃, and degreased.
6. The extraction method of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the ethanol has a mass fraction of 90wt%~95wt%, the ethanol soaking time is 3~5h, the concentration is carried out by rotary evaporation, the filtration is carried out by inorganic ceramic microfiltration membrane, and the precipitation is carried out by flocculant.
7. The extraction method of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the flocculant includes calcium oxide.
8. The extraction method of tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 further includes: obtaining a filtrate through filtration, and concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to recover the ethanol.
9. A tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex, characterized in that, The tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex is extracted by the extraction method of the tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the extraction rate of the tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex is greater than or equal to 32%, and the content of tea saponin in the tea saponin-tea polyphenol complex is greater than or equal to 40 wt% and the content of tea polyphenol is greater than or equal to 25 wt%.