Pneumatic impactor

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of drilling equipment, and particularly relates to a pneumatic impactor. The invention provides a pneumatic impactor. The pneumatic impactor comprises an outer pipe, a central gas distribution pipe, a piston, an exhaust cylinder and a drill bit, the air inlet end of the central air distribution pipe is fixed to the outer pipe, the piston is of an integrated through structure, the central air distribution pipe is arranged in the outer pipe, the air outlet end of the central air distribution pipe is communicated with one end of the exhaust cylinder, and the piston axially reciprocates in the exhaust cylinder; the piston pushes the drill bit to do axial reciprocating motion. According to the pneumatic impactor, the exhaust cylinder with the bottom hole is arranged, reciprocating motion of the piston is limited in the exhaust cylinder, the problem that the piston is blocked in the high-speed motion process is solved, and the impact performance of the pneumatic impactor is remarkably improved; meanwhile, the piston is arranged in the exhaust cylinder, the problem that when the piston is directly arranged in the outer pipe, the piston is stuck due to deformation of the outer pipe in the using process can be effectively solved, and the service life of the impactor is further prolonged.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of drilling drilling equipment, and particularly relates to a pneumatic impactor. BACKGROUND

[0002] When drilling in hard rock, mined-out area, easy leakage and other complex strata, the pneumatic impactor is one of the most efficient drilling tools. It uses compressed air as a power medium, has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost and high drilling efficiency. The pneumatic impactor mainly relies on its own gas distribution system to make compressed air alternately enter the front and rear air chambers of the piston, so that the piston continuously reciprocates. When the piston moves downward to form an impact on the drill bit body, the hard alloy ball teeth at the end of the drill bit body will crush the rock. At the same time, when the drill rotates, the drill bit at the front end will also rotate, thereby crushing the rock and drilling.

[0003] The existing pneumatic impactor needs to set a gas distribution hole on the piston to realize the gas distribution of the upper and lower chambers of the piston. However, the setting of the gas distribution hole on the piston will significantly reduce the strength of the piston, causing the piston to be easily broken under high-frequency impact or to be blocked during reciprocation, thereby significantly reducing the service life or impact performance of the pneumatic impactor.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent for the technical personnel in the field to develop a pneumatic impactor to solve the technical defects of low service life or poor impact performance of the pneumatic impactor in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent for the technical personnel in the field to develop a pneumatic impactor to solve the technical defects of low service life or poor impact performance of the pneumatic impactor in the prior art.

[0006] The application provides a pneumatic impactor, which comprises an outer pipe, a center gas distribution pipe, a piston, an exhaust cylinder and a drill bit. The gas inlet end of the center gas distribution pipe is fixed to the outer pipe, the piston is an integrated through structure, the center gas distribution pipe is arranged in the inner part of the outer pipe, the gas outlet end of the center gas distribution pipe is in communication with one end of the exhaust cylinder, and the piston performs axial reciprocating motion in the exhaust cylinder; the piston drives the drill bit to perform axial reciprocating motion.

[0007] In one embodiment, the piston is provided with a through center through hole, the tail end of the drill bit is provided with a center hole, and the center gas distribution pipe is sequentially inserted into the center through hole and the center hole.

[0008] In one of the embodiments, the piston is provided with a first annular step and a second annular step on two sides thereof, and the first annular step and the second annular step form two cavities which are not communicated with the central gas distribution pipe.

[0009] In one of the embodiments, the pneumatic impactor further comprises a check valve which is installed at the air inlet end of the central gas distribution pipe and is used to prevent air flow from the air inlet end of the central gas distribution pipe.

[0010] In one of the embodiments, the pneumatic impactor further comprises a spring which is connected to the check valve and the central gas distribution pipe at two ends thereof.

[0011] In one of the embodiments, the pneumatic impactor further comprises a drill bit sleeve which is fixed to the outer pipe, and the drill bit sleeve is provided with a central insertion hole, and the drill bit is inserted into the central insertion hole.

[0012] In one of the embodiments, the inner wall of the drill bit sleeve is provided with splines, and the outer wall of the drill bit is provided with spline grooves which are connected to the splines one by one.

[0013] In one of the embodiments, the pneumatic impactor further comprises a limiting assembly which is fixed to the inner wall of the outer pipe, and the other end of the exhaust cylinder is abutted against the limiting assembly, and the limiting assembly is used to limit the drill bit from moving further to the exhaust cylinder.

[0014] In one of the embodiments, the drill bit is provided with a recess, and the limiting assembly is clamped in the recess.

[0015] In one of the embodiments, the pneumatic impactor further comprises a joint, and the air inlet end of the central gas distribution pipe is fixed to the outer pipe through the joint.

[0016] In summary, the application provides a pneumatic impactor, comprising an outer tube, a center gas distribution tube, a piston, an exhaust cylinder and a drill bit; the gas inlet end of the center gas distribution tube is fixed to the outer tube, the piston is an integrated through structure, the center gas distribution tube is arranged inside the outer tube, the gas outlet end of the center gas distribution tube is in communication with one end of the exhaust cylinder, and the piston performs axial reciprocating motion inside the exhaust cylinder; the piston pushes the drill bit to perform axial reciprocating motion. The pneumatic impactor provided by the application limits the reciprocating motion of the piston in the exhaust cylinder, realizes full-range guidance of the reciprocating motion of the piston, avoids the problem of blockage during high-speed motion of the piston, and significantly improves the impact performance of the pneumatic impactor. At the same time, the piston is arranged in the exhaust cylinder instead of being directly arranged in the outer tube, which can effectively avoid the problem of piston jamming caused by deformation of the outer tube during use when the piston is directly arranged in the outer tube, and further improves the service life of the impactor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained without creative labor on the basis of the provided drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 In the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the application, a cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of a pneumatic impactor is provided. Among them, joint 1, check valve 2, spring 3, center gas distribution tube 4, exhaust cylinder 5, piston 6, outer tube 7, limiting assembly 8, drill bit sleeve 9 and drill bit 10. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The embodiments of the application provide a pneumatic impactor to solve the technical defects of low service life or poor impact performance of the pneumatic impactor in the prior art.

[0020] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to provide a sufficient understanding of the application. However, the application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the spirit of the application, so the application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0021] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0022] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0024] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0025] Please see Figure 1The embodiment of the application provides a kind of pneumatic impactor, comprising: outer tube 7, center gas distribution pipe 4, piston 6, exhaust cylinder 5 and drill bit 10;Center gas distribution pipe 4 intake end is fixed to outer tube 7, piston 6 is integrated through structure, center gas distribution pipe 4 is arranged in the inside of outer tube 7, the gas outlet end of center gas distribution pipe 4 is communicated with one end of exhaust cylinder 5, piston 6 carries out axial reciprocating motion in exhaust cylinder 5;Piston 6 promotes drill bit 10 to carry out axial reciprocating motion.

[0026] In the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, outer tube 7 is the main support structure of the pneumatic impactor, and the remaining parts of the pneumatic impactor are fixed by the outer tube 7 or connected and fixed with the parts arranged in the inside of the outer tube 7. Figure 1 The intake end of center gas distribution pipe 4 is fixed to the left side of outer tube 7 in the figure, the right end of center gas distribution pipe 4 is communicated with exhaust cylinder 5, and when piston 6 moves in exhaust cylinder 5, since exhaust cylinder 5 is integrated through structure, piston 6 carries out axial reciprocating motion in exhaust cylinder 5 and does not enter center gas distribution pipe 4, so that piston 6 does not be stuck due to problems such as deformation of center gas distribution pipe 4;At the same time, the gas from the gas outlet end of center gas distribution pipe 4 all enters exhaust cylinder 5 without being divided, so that the movement of piston 6 in exhaust cylinder 5 is effectively guaranteed to have sufficient high-pressure gas driving, and the stability of the movement of piston 6 and sufficient impact performance are effectively guaranteed.

[0027] In the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, piston 6 is provided with a through center through hole, the tail end of drill bit 10 is provided with a center hole, and center gas distribution pipe 4 is sequentially inserted into the center through hole and the center hole. Center gas distribution pipe 4 is sequentially inserted into the center through hole of piston 6 and the center hole of the tail end of drill bit 10, which can form coaxial limiting for piston 6 and drill bit 10, ensure that the movement track of piston 6 and drill bit 10 is consistent, avoid radial misalignment of piston 6 and drill bit 10 under high-frequency impact, guarantee the accuracy of impact kinetic energy transmission, and improve the stability of drilling operation;At the same time, the airflow transmission path can also be optimized, high-pressure airflow reaches drill bit 10 along the axial direction, reduces the resistance and loss of airflow transmission, also realizes directional distribution of airflow, effectively guarantees the power supply of reciprocating impact of piston 6;And also has the advantages of simple structure and high working stability, by simplifying the structure of parts of the pneumatic impactor, the risk of pipeline loosening and gas leakage is reduced, the interference between parts is reduced, and the service life of the pneumatic impactor is prolonged.

[0028] The pneumatic impactor provided by the embodiment of the application is characterized in that the two sides of the piston 6 are provided with a first annular step and a second annular step, and the first annular step and the second annular step form two non-communicating cavities with the center gas distribution pipe 4 respectively. The two non-communicating cavities are connected to high-pressure air flows with different flow directions respectively, so that the differential pressure control of the two sides of the piston 6 is realized, the piston 6 is driven to complete the high-frequency reciprocating impact motion through the change of the air pressure, the response speed and the impact frequency stability of the piston 6 are ensured, and the drilling efficiency of the pneumatic impactor is improved. Meanwhile, the limiting structure of the annular step can make the force on the piston 6 more uniform, reduce the contact wear between the piston 6 and the center gas distribution pipe 4, and further prolong the service life of the pneumatic impactor.

[0029] In combination with the above technical solution, the working process of the pneumatic impactor provided by the embodiment of the application is further described below.

[0030] The high-pressure compressed air enters the pneumatic impactor from the fluid channel I, pushes away the check valve 2, and then enters the fluid channel II, the fluid channel III, the fluid channel VI and the fluid channel VII in sequence, and enters the piston lower cavity X through the fluid channel IX. The piston 6 is accelerated to move to the left under the push of the high-pressure air in the piston lower cavity X. When the annular step on the right side of the center through hole of the piston 6 cooperates with the step on the right side of the center gas distribution pipe 4, the fluid channel IX is closed, the compressed air no longer enters the piston lower cavity X, and the piston 6 continues to accelerate to move to the left under the expansion work of the compressed air in the piston lower cavity X. When the piston 6 continues to move to the left to the communication between the piston lower cavity X and the fluid channel VIII, the compressed air in the piston lower cavity X is discharged to the hole bottom from the fluid channel VIII, the fluid channel XI and the fluid channel XII, and the piston lower cavity is in a normal pressure state. When the annular step on the left side of the center through hole of the piston 6 is separated from the step on the left side of the center gas distribution pipe 4, the fluid channel XIII is opened, the compressed air enters the piston upper cavity IV from the fluid channel VI, the fluid channel VII and the fluid channel XIII, the piston 6 is decelerated to move to the left under the action of the compressed air in the piston upper cavity IV, and then the piston 6 is accelerated to move to the right until the annular step on the left end of the center through hole of the piston 6 cooperates with the step on the left side of the center gas distribution pipe 4. The fluid channel XIII is closed, the compressed air no longer enters the piston upper cavity IV, the piston 6 continues to move to the right under the action of inertia until it hits the tail of the drill bit 10, the piston upper cavity IV is communicated with the fluid channel V, the high-pressure air in the piston upper cavity IV enters the hole bottom through the fluid channel V, the fluid channel XI and the fluid channel XII, and the piston upper cavity IV is in a normal pressure state. In this way, the reciprocating impact motion of the piston 6 is realized.

[0031] Further optimize the technical scheme, in order to prevent the reverse flow of high pressure gas flow, the air impactor provided by the embodiment of the application further comprises: a check valve 2 installed at the air inlet end of the center gas distribution pipe 4, used to prevent gas flow from the air inlet end of the center gas distribution pipe 4. After the installation of the check valve 2, the high pressure gas flow can only enter the center gas distribution pipe 4 through the check valve 2 and cannot flow out of the air inlet of the center gas distribution pipe 4, which on the one hand ensures that the air impactor has sufficient high pressure gas flow inside, and on the other hand can also avoid the safety risks caused by the outflow of high pressure gas flow from the air inlet of the center gas distribution pipe 4.

[0032] The air impactor provided by the embodiment of the application further comprises: a spring 3, both ends of the spring 3 are connected with the check valve 2 and the center gas distribution pipe 4 respectively. When the high pressure gas flow enters the air inlet of the center gas distribution pipe 4 through the check valve 2, the spring 3 can effectively buffer, prevent the impact force of the high pressure gas flow from being too large to affect the connection stability of the check valve 2 and the center pipe, and ensure that the air impactor can still maintain good reliability and stability after long-term use.

[0033] The air impactor provided by the embodiment of the application further comprises: a drill bit sleeve 9 fixed to the outer pipe 7, the drill bit sleeve 9 is provided with a center insertion hole, and the drill bit 10 is inserted into the center insertion hole. The drill bit sleeve 9 can limit and support the drill bit 10, play a limiting role in the reciprocating movement of the drill bit 10, effectively avoid the drill bit 10 from being skewed due to impact vibration, and improve the construction quality stability; at the same time, the drill bit sleeve 9 provides a more convenient and stable installation basis for the drill bit 10, can realize quick plug-in replacement of the drill bit 10, shorten the downtime of the drill bit 10 during maintenance and replacement in the construction process, and improve the overall operation efficiency; thirdly, the drill bit sleeve 9 can also block the erosion and wear of the connection part of the drill bit 10 and the outer pipe 7 by the debris and water vapor in the drilling environment, reduce the failure probability of parts, and enhance the adaptability and durability of the air impactor in harsh working conditions.

[0034] Further optimize the technical scheme, in order to effectively ensure the connection stability of the drill bit 10 and the drill bit sleeve 9, while taking into account the convenience of disassembly and assembly of the drill bit 10 and the drill bit sleeve 9, in the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the inner wall of the drill bit sleeve 9 is provided with a spline, and the outer wall of the drill bit 10 is provided with a spline groove, and the spline groove and the spline are connected one by one.

[0035] The pneumatic impactor provided by the embodiment of the application further comprises a limiting assembly 8 fixed to the inner wall of the outer pipe 7, and the other end of the exhaust cylinder 5 abuts against the limiting assembly 8. The limiting assembly 8 is used to limit the continuous movement of the drill bit 10 to the exhaust cylinder 5. The limiting assembly 8 is fixed to the inner wall of the outer pipe 7 and abuts against the end of the exhaust cylinder 5, so that the continuous movement of the drill bit 10 to the exhaust cylinder 5 can be limited, the overstroke displacement of the drill bit 10 due to impact inertia or working condition fluctuation can be avoided, and the deformation and damage of the exhaust cylinder 5 caused by the rigid collision between the drill bit 10 and the exhaust cylinder 5 can be prevented. Meanwhile, the limiting assembly 8 can also prevent excessive displacement, so that the exhaust gas in the pneumatic impactor can be smoothly discharged, and the internal gas pressure can be prevented from being disturbed.

[0036] Further optimization of the technical solution effectively limits the plurality of components by the limiting assembly 8. In the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the application, the drill bit 10 is provided with a groove, and the limiting assembly 8 is clamped in the groove.

[0037] The pneumatic impactor provided by the embodiment of the application further comprises a joint 1, and the gas inlet end of the central gas distribution pipe 4 is fixed to the outer pipe 7 through the joint 1. The joint 1 fixes the central gas distribution pipe 4 to the outer pipe 7, so that the stability of the central gas distribution pipe 4 when the high-pressure gas flow enters the central gas distribution pipe 4 can be effectively improved, and the working reliability of the pneumatic impactor is ensured.

[0038] In summary, the application provides a pneumatic impactor, which comprises an outer pipe, a central gas distribution pipe, a piston, an exhaust cylinder and a drill bit. The gas inlet end of the central gas distribution pipe is fixed to the outer pipe. The piston is an integrated through structure. The central gas distribution pipe is arranged in the inner part of the outer pipe. The gas outlet end of the central gas distribution pipe is in communication with one end of the exhaust cylinder. The piston performs axial reciprocating movement in the exhaust cylinder. The piston pushes the drill bit to perform axial reciprocating movement. The pneumatic impactor provided by the application limits the reciprocating movement of the piston in the exhaust cylinder, realizes the full-range guidance of the reciprocating movement of the piston, avoids the problem of blockage during the high-speed movement of the piston, significantly improves the impact performance of the pneumatic impactor, and further improves the service life of the impactor.

[0039] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined in any manner. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described, but as long as the combinations of the technical features do not exist contradictions, they should be considered as the scope of the disclosure. Meanwhile, other embodiments can be derived from the above-described embodiments, so that the structure and logic can be replaced and changed without departing from the scope of the disclosure.

[0040] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and in a more specific and detailed manner, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A pneumatic impactor, characterized in that, The pneumatic impactor comprises an outer tube, a center gas distribution tube, a piston, an exhaust cylinder and a drill bit. The gas inlet end of the center gas distribution tube is fixed to the outer tube, the piston is an integrated through structure, the center gas distribution tube is arranged inside the outer tube, the gas outlet end of the center gas distribution tube is in communication with one end of the exhaust cylinder, and the piston performs axial reciprocating motion inside the exhaust cylinder; the piston pushes the drill bit to perform axial reciprocating motion.

2. The pneumatic impactor of claim 1, wherein, The piston is provided with a through center through hole, the tail end of the drill bit is provided with a center hole, and the center gas distribution tube is sequentially inserted into the center through hole and the center hole.

3. The pneumatic impactor of claim 1, wherein, Both sides of the piston are provided with a first annular step and a second annular step, and the first annular step and the second annular step form two non-communicating cavities with the center gas distribution tube respectively.

4. The pneumatic impactor of claim 1, wherein, The pneumatic impactor further comprises a check valve installed at the gas inlet end of the center gas distribution tube for preventing gas flow from the gas inlet end of the center gas distribution tube.

5. The pneumatic impactor of claim 4, wherein, The pneumatic impactor further comprises a spring, both ends of which are connected to the check valve and the center gas distribution tube respectively.

6. The pneumatic impactor of claim 1, wherein, The pneumatic impactor further comprises a drill bit sleeve fixed to the outer tube, the drill bit sleeve being provided with a center insertion hole, and the drill bit being inserted into the center insertion hole.

7. The pneumatic impactor of claim 6, wherein, The inner wall of the drill bit sleeve is provided with splines, and the outer wall of the drill bit is provided with spline grooves, the spline grooves being connected to the splines one by one.

8. The pneumatic impactor according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that The pneumatic impactor further comprises a limiting component fixed to the inner wall of the outer tube, the other end of the exhaust cylinder being in abutment with the limiting component, and the limiting component being used for limiting the drill bit from moving further towards the exhaust cylinder.

9. The pneumatic impactor of claim 8, wherein, The drill bit is provided with a groove, and the limiting component is clamped in the groove.

10. The pneumatic impactor of claim 1, wherein, The pneumatic impactor further comprises a joint, and the gas inlet end of the center gas distribution tube is fixed to the outer tube through the joint.

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