Modularized dynamic intelligent contract settlement engine

Abstract

The invention provides a modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine, and relates to the fields of block chain technologies, energy internet and smart contracts. The system comprises a dynamic contract generation and management module, a trusted data oracle module, a settlement logic execution module and a physical equipment linkage module. The dynamic contract generation and management module is used for dynamically generating, deploying and managing an energy transaction intelligent contract according to a preset template and user parameters; the trusted data oracle machine module is used for safely and accurately introducing energy data of the physical world into the block chain in real time; and the settlement logic execution module. The credibility and tamper-proofing performance of settlement data are ensured by combining credible metering equipment such as a solid-state transformer and a decentralized oracle machine network; complex and diversified energy transaction logics are supported; and deep bidirectional linkage between the intelligent contract and the physical power grid is realized. According to the invention, key technical support is provided for constructing an efficient, transparent, credible and intelligent next-generation energy trading market.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the fields of blockchain technology, energy internet and smart contract, in particular to a modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the rise of energy internet, the traditional centralized energy trading model has become difficult to adapt to new market demands. Decentralized, multi-stakeholder energy trading models have gradually become the trend, with blockchain and smart contract technology being considered as key support to achieve this goal.

[0003] Smart contracts, as programmable protocols deployed on the blockchain, can automatically execute, manage and verify transactions without the need for third-party intermediaries. This brings unprecedented transparency, efficiency and credibility to energy trading. However, existing smart contracts still face many challenges in energy trading settlement.

[0004] Lack of real-time and dynamic nature: Energy trading often involves real-time changes in supply and demand relationships, price fluctuations and grid status. Once deployed, the logic of traditional smart contracts is usually fixed, making it difficult to adapt to such a highly dynamic, real-time environment, resulting in settlement results that may not match the actual situation.

[0005] Data source credibility issues: The execution of smart contracts relies on external data such as power generation, power consumption, grid status and market prices. How to ensure the authenticity, accuracy and tamper resistance of these off-chain data is a key to the credible execution of smart contracts.

[0006] Implementation of complex transaction logic: Energy trading may involve multiple transaction types (such as peer-to-peer trading, aggregation trading, ancillary service trading), complex pricing mechanisms (such as time-of-use pricing, real-time pricing, bidding) and multiple participants (such as producers, consumers, energy storage providers, electric vehicles). Existing smart contracts may face efficiency and security challenges in expressing and executing these complex logics.

[0007] Insufficient linkage with physical power grid: The settlement results of smart contracts need to be consistent with the actual operation status of the physical power grid and can trigger physical-level control instructions. Currently, the deep linkage mechanism between smart contracts and intelligent power devices such as solid-state transformers (SST) is not yet perfect.

[0008] Scalability and efficiency bottlenecks: As the volume of energy trading increases, the transaction throughput and confirmation time of the blockchain network may become a bottleneck, affecting the real-time and efficiency of settlement.

[0009] Compliance and Regulatory Challenges: Energy transactions involve complex regulations and market rules, and the automated execution of smart contracts needs to ensure compliance with relevant laws and regulations, while also meeting the audit requirements of regulatory agencies.

[0010] To solve the above problems, there is an urgent need for a dynamic smart contract settlement engine that can adapt to the dynamics of energy transactions, ensure data credibility, support complex transaction logic, and deeply link with the physical power grid. The present application is proposed in this context, and a dynamic smart contract settlement engine is proposed to improve the automation, real-time and credibility of energy transactions. SUMMARY

[0011] (I) Technical problems solved In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine, which solves the problems of real-time, data credibility, complex transaction logic implementation and linkage with the physical power grid of the existing energy transaction smart contract.

[0012] (II) Technical solutions To achieve the above purpose, the present application is implemented by the following technical solutions: a modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine, comprising a dynamic contract generation and management module, a trusted data oracle module, a settlement logic execution module and a physical device linkage module; the dynamic contract generation and management module is used to dynamically generate, deploy and manage energy transaction smart contracts according to preset templates and user parameters; the trusted data oracle module is used to safely, accurately and in real time introduce energy data from the physical world into the blockchain; the settlement logic execution module is used to automatically settle according to on-chain data and contract logic; the physical device linkage module is used to realize two-way information interaction and control between the smart contract and the physical power grid device.

[0013] Preferably, the dynamic contract generation and management module comprises a contract template library, a contract parameterization and instantiation unit and a contract lifecycle management unit; the contract template library is used to preset a plurality of standardized energy transaction smart contract templates; the contract parameterization and instantiation unit is used to dynamically generate contract instances according to user parameters and deploy them to the blockchain; the contract lifecycle management unit is used to manage the deployment, upgrade, suspension, termination and archiving of smart contracts.

[0014] Preferably, the trusted data oracle module includes a data acquisition and preprocessing unit, a decentralized oracle network, and a data interface standardization unit; the data acquisition and preprocessing unit is deployed on an edge device and is used to collect energy data and perform digital signature, encryption, and preliminary aggregation; the decentralized oracle network is used to cross-validate and reach consensus on the data processed at the edge, and submit the verified data hash and key metadata to the blockchain; the data interface standardization unit is used to standardize the access format of different energy devices and data sources.

[0015] Preferably, the edge device is a solid-state transformer.

[0016] Preferably, the settlement logic execution module includes an event monitoring and triggering unit, a dynamic settlement logic unit, a multi-party settlement fund transfer unit, and a dispute resolution mechanism; the event monitoring and triggering unit is used to monitor relevant events on the blockchain and trigger the execution of smart contracts; the dynamic settlement logic unit is used to dynamically adjust the settlement logic of smart contracts according to external conditions; the multi-party settlement and fund transfer unit is used to automatically calculate the amounts receivable and payable of each trading party and trigger on-chain token transfers; the dispute resolution mechanism is used to handle transaction disputes.

[0017] Preferably, the physical device linkage module includes an instruction sending interface and a status feedback mechanism; the instruction sending interface is used to send physical control instructions generated by the smart contract to the control unit of the smart device; the status feedback mechanism is used for the smart device to feed back its operating status, fault information and control execution results to the blockchain in real time.

[0018] Preferably, the smart device is a solid-state transformer.

[0019] A smart contract settlement process proposed using a modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine includes the following steps: Step 1: Dynamically generate energy trading smart contracts based on preset templates and user parameters, and deploy them to the blockchain; Step 2: Securely, accurately, and in real-time introduce physical world energy data into the blockchain through a trusted data oracle mechanism; Step 3: Monitor relevant events on the blockchain and perform automated settlement based on on-chain data and smart contract logic; Step 4: Based on the settlement results, send control commands to the physical power grid equipment or receive its status feedback through the physical equipment linkage module.

[0020] Preferably, the energy data in step two is collected by a solid-state transformer and digitally signed and preprocessed.

[0021] Preferably, the physical power grid device in step four is a solid-state transformer, and the control instruction is used to adjust the power output or operation mode of the solid-state transformer.

[0022] (Three) beneficial effects The present application provides a modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. Significantly improve the real-time and dynamic adaptability of settlement: once the traditional smart contract is deployed, its logic is relatively fixed, and it is difficult to adapt to the rapid changes of energy market supply and demand, price and power grid state. The present application allows flexible configuration and adjustment of contract logic and parameters through the dynamic contract generation and management module, combined with real-time data oracle, to ensure that the settlement can respond to market changes in real time, and realize truly real-time dynamic settlement.

[0023] 2. Comprehensive protection of the credibility and tamper resistance of settlement data: combined with SST and other trusted metering devices, edge computing preprocessing and digital signature, and cross-validation mechanism of decentralized oracle network, the present application ensures the authenticity, accuracy and tamper resistance of energy data from the source to the whole process of chain, provides a solid foundation for reliable execution of smart contract, and effectively avoids the problem of "garbage in, garbage out".

[0024] 3. Effectively support complex and diverse energy trading scenarios: through the modular contract template library and parameterized instantiation mechanism, the present application can flexibly construct and deploy smart contracts supporting point-to-point trading, aggregation trading, auxiliary service trading, virtual power plant and other complex energy trading modes, to meet the diversified needs of future energy market.

[0025] 4. Realize the deep two-way linkage of smart contract and physical power grid: the present application not only can introduce the energy data of physical world into the chain, more importantly, the settlement results of smart contract can trigger the physical control action of SST and other intelligent power equipment through the instruction issuing interface, forming a closed loop of "information flow-value flow-energy flow", so that the blockchain technology really empowers the optimized operation of physical power grid.

[0026] 5. Improve the efficiency and system scalability of energy transaction settlement: through optimizing data chain mechanism, contract execution logic and blockchain interaction, the present application can process large-scale and high-frequency energy transaction settlement, and through modular design and hierarchical architecture, improve the scalability of the system to adapt to the rapid development of future energy internet.

[0027] 6. Enhance the transparency, fairness and security of transaction: the open and transparent and tamper-proof characteristics of blockchain, combined with the automatic execution of smart contract, ensure that all transaction processes and settlement results are open and traceable, fair and just. Strict security audit, permission management and dispute resolution mechanism further guarantee the security of transaction.

[0028] 7. Reduced operating costs and simplified management: Automated and decentralized settlement processes reduce human intervention and reliance on traditional intermediaries, significantly reducing the operating costs and management complexity of energy trading and improving overall economic efficiency.

[0029] Promoting innovation in energy finance and markets: Real-time and reliable settlement mechanisms and flexible contract capabilities provide a technological foundation for innovation in blockchain-based energy finance products and stimulate market vitality. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of a modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine, including a dynamic contract generation and management module, a trusted data oracle module, a settlement logic execution module, and a physical device linkage module. The dynamic contract generation and management module is used to dynamically generate, deploy, and manage energy trading smart contracts according to preset templates and user parameters. The trusted data oracle module is used to securely, accurately, and in real-time introduce physical world energy data into the blockchain. The settlement logic execution module is used to perform automated settlement based on on-chain data and contract logic. The physical device linkage module is used to realize bidirectional information interaction and control between smart contracts and physical power grid equipment.

[0033] All smart contracts undergo rigorous security audits and formal verification before deployment to ensure the correctness and security of the contract logic.

[0034] A role-based access control (RBAC) mechanism is adopted to manage the calling permissions and data access permissions of smart contracts in a fine-grained manner.

[0035] It reserves regulatory interfaces, allowing regulatory agencies to audit and monitor transaction data and settlement processes to ensure compliance.

[0036] The dynamic contract generation and management module comprises a contract template library, a contract parameterization and instantiation unit, and a contract life cycle management unit; the contract template library is used to preset a plurality of standardized energy transaction smart contract templates; the contract parameterization and instantiation unit is used to dynamically generate a contract instance according to user parameters and deploy the contract instance to a blockchain; and the contract life cycle management unit is used to manage the deployment, upgrade, suspension, termination and archiving of the smart contract.

[0037] The trusted data oracle module comprises a data acquisition and preprocessing unit, a decentralized oracle network and a data interface standardization unit; the data acquisition and preprocessing unit is deployed on an edge device and is used to acquire energy data and perform digital signature, encryption and preliminary aggregation; the decentralized oracle network is used to cross-verify and reach consensus on the data processed on the edge side, and submit the verified data hash and key metadata to the blockchain; and the data interface standardization unit is used to standardize the access format of different energy devices and data sources.

[0038] The edge device is a solid-state transformer.

[0039] The settlement logic execution module comprises an event listening and triggering unit, a dynamic settlement logic unit, a multi-party settlement fund flow unit and a dispute resolution mechanism; the event listening and triggering unit is used to listen to relevant events on the blockchain and trigger the execution of the smart contract; the dynamic settlement logic unit is used to dynamically adjust the settlement logic of the smart contract according to external conditions; the multi-party settlement and fund flow unit is used to automatically calculate the receivables and payables of each transaction party and trigger the transfer of tokens on the chain; and the dispute resolution mechanism is used to handle transaction disputes.

[0040] The physical device linkage module comprises an instruction issuing interface and a state feedback mechanism; the instruction issuing interface is used to issue physical control instructions generated by the smart contract to the control unit of the smart device; and the state feedback mechanism is used for the smart device to feed back its running state, fault information and control execution result to the blockchain in real time.

[0041] The smart device is a solid-state transformer.

[0042] A smart contract settlement process based on a modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine, comprising the following steps: Step 1: dynamically generating an energy transaction smart contract according to a preset template and user parameters, and deploying the smart contract to a blockchain; Step 2: introducing energy data from the physical world into the blockchain safely, accurately and in real time through a trusted data oracle mechanism; Step 3: listening to relevant events on the blockchain and automatically settling according to the data on the chain and the logic of the smart contract; Step 4: issuing control instructions to physical power grid devices or receiving state feedback from the physical power grid devices through a physical device linkage module according to the settlement results.

[0043] The energy data in step two is collected by the solid-state transformer and is digitally signed and pre-processed.

[0044] The physical power grid device in step four is a solid-state transformer, and the control instruction is used to adjust the power output or operation mode of the solid-state transformer.

[0045] Embodiment two: This embodiment is based on the basis of embodiment one: The P2P (point-to-point) power transaction between the photovoltaic power generation user and the electric vehicle charging pile user in its area is realized. The "P2P power transaction" contract template is selected through the user interface (DApp) of the application. The template presets the core parameters such as transaction parties, transaction volume, transaction price, settlement period, etc.

[0046] 1. Parameter input: the operator inputs the following information: Seller: photovoltaic power generation user A (on-chain address: 0x...A) Buyer: electric vehicle charging pile user B (on-chain address: 0x...B) Transaction period: January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025 Pricing mechanism: real-time electricity price (updated every 15 minutes according to market fluctuations) Maximum transaction volume: 100kWh / day Default clause: if one party fails to perform, the penalty mechanism is triggered 2. Contract instantiation and deployment: the engine dynamically generates a P2P transaction smart contract instance according to these parameters, and deploys it to the blockchain. Before deployment, the engine will perform security checks and resource consumption assessments on the contract code. After successful deployment, the contract address (such as 0x...P2P) is recorded, and the transaction parties are notified.

[0047] Contract upgrade and adjustment: assuming that during the transaction, the market electricity price fluctuates sharply, and the transaction parties want to adjust the pricing mechanism. Through the governance contract, both parties can initiate a proposal, and after the vote is passed, the engine can call the proxy contract mode to upgrade the logic of the P2P transaction contract without changing the contract address, realizing the dynamic adjustment of the pricing mechanism.

[0048] Embodiment three: this embodiment takes SST as the core data source to illustrate how trusted data is chained.

[0049] 1. SST data collection and signature: The photovoltaic panel of photovoltaic power generation user A is connected to an SST (ID: SST_PV_001). The SST integrates a high-precision electric energy metering module inside, which monitors the photovoltaic power generation in real time. Every 1 minute, the SST collects the latest power generation data (for example: 1.5 kWh), and uses its built-in hardware security module (HSM) to digitally sign the data, generating a data packet: {power generation: 1.5 kWh, timestamp: T1, SST_ID: SST_PV_001, signature: Sig_SST}.

[0050] 2. Edge computing and data aggregation: The edge computing unit of the SST receives the signed data packet and performs preliminary verification and aggregation. For example, 1 minute of data is aggregated into 15 minutes of data and encrypted for uploading.

[0051] 3. Decentralized oracle network: The aggregated data packet is sent to a decentralized oracle network composed of multiple independent nodes. After receiving the data, the oracle node will perform the following operations: Data verification: Verify the digital signature of the SST to ensure that the data has not been tampered with.

[0052] Cross-validation: If multiple SSTs or independent metering devices report power generation data for the same area, the oracle node will compare them to ensure data consistency.

[0053] Consensus: The oracle network reaches consensus on the authenticity of the data through a consensus mechanism (such as PoA).

[0054] Data on-chain: After reaching consensus, the oracle network submits the hash value of the data, key metadata (such as timestamp, SST_ID), and the signature of the oracle node to the "data on-chain smart contract" on the blockchain. The original data can be stored in IPFS and other off-chain distributed storage, and only the hash value is stored on the chain to ensure data traceability and tamper resistance.

[0055] Example four: Based on example two and example three, explain the settlement process of P2P transactions.

[0056] 1. Event listening: The settlement engine continuously listens to the events emitted by the "data on-chain smart contract". When photovoltaic power generation user A's SST (SST_PV_001) uploads new power generation data and electric vehicle charging pile user B's SST (SST_EV_002) uploads new power consumption data, it triggers the execution of the P2P transaction smart contract.

[0057] 2. Dynamic settlement logic: P2P transaction smart contract calculates the transaction amount in this settlement period (e.g. 15 minutes) according to the latest real-time electricity price data (provided by another oracle) and the transaction volume of both parties. For example, user A generates 10 kWh, user B consumes 8 kWh, and the real-time electricity price is 0.8 yuan / kWh.

[0058] Contract calculation: user B needs to pay user A 8 kWh 0.8 yuan / kWh = 6.4 yuan.

[0059] If the power generation of user A exceeds the power consumption of user B, the remaining power can be sold to the grid or energy storage system according to the preset rules.

[0060] 3. On-chain fund transfer: smart contract automatically triggers the transfer of stable currency (such as USDT) on the chain, and transfers 6.4 yuan from user B's on-chain wallet to user A's on-chain wallet. The whole process does not need manual intervention and is transparent.

[0061] Default handling: if in a certain settlement period, user A's photovoltaic SST fails to provide sufficient power due to failure, or user B's charging pile SST fails to consume the agreed amount of power, and exceeds the allowed deviation range of the contract, the smart contract will automatically calculate the penalty according to the default provisions and transfer it.

[0062] Example five: this example explains how the smart contract works with the SST.

[0063] 1. Grid congestion management: assume that the grid monitoring system detects that there is local grid congestion in a certain area of the microgrid. After the grid management smart contract judges, it issues an instruction: requires the SST (such as SST_PV_001 and SST_EV_002) in this area to reduce photovoltaic power output by 20% and limit electric vehicle charging power by 30% respectively within the next 30 minutes.

[0064] 2. Instruction issuance: the settlement engine issues these control instructions to the control unit of SST_PV_001 and SST_EV_002 through a secure encryption channel. After receiving the instructions, the SST immediately adjusts the working mode of its internal power converter and executes the corresponding power limit.

[0065] 3. State feedback: the SST feeds back its power output, running state and instruction execution result to the "device state feedback contract" on the blockchain in real time while executing the instructions. The smart contract can verify whether the instructions are effectively executed according to these feedback data, and use them as the basis for subsequent settlement or adjustment strategy.

[0066] 4. Ancillary service settlement: The power limiting behavior executed by SST actually provides ancillary service for the power grid. The smart contract automatically calculates and pays the corresponding ancillary service fee to the owner of SST according to the actual power adjustment amount and duration fed back by SST and in combination with the preset ancillary service price.

[0067] Through the above specific embodiments, the application constructs a smart contract settlement engine that can dynamically adapt to changes in the energy market, ensure data credibility, support complex transaction logic, and deeply link with the physical power grid, thereby providing strong technical support for automated, real-time, and credible transactions of the energy internet.

[0068] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various modifications, substitutions, replacements and changes can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine, characterized in that: It includes a dynamic contract generation and management module, a trusted data oracle module, a settlement logic execution module, and a physical device linkage module. The dynamic contract generation and management module is used to dynamically generate, deploy, and manage energy trading smart contracts based on preset templates and user parameters. The trusted data oracle module is used to securely, accurately, and in real-time introduce physical world energy data into the blockchain. The settlement logic execution module is used to perform automated settlement based on on-chain data and contract logic. The physical device linkage module is used to realize two-way information interaction and control between smart contracts and physical power grid equipment.

2. The modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic contract generation and management module includes a contract template library, a contract parameterization and instantiation unit, and a contract lifecycle management unit. The contract template library is used to preset a variety of standardized energy trading smart contract templates. The contract parameterization and instantiation unit is used to dynamically generate contract instances based on user parameters and deploy them to the blockchain. The contract lifecycle management unit is used to manage the deployment, upgrade, suspension, termination, and archiving of smart contracts.

3. The modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trusted data oracle module includes a data acquisition and preprocessing unit, a decentralized oracle network, and a data interface standardization unit. The data acquisition and preprocessing unit is deployed on edge devices to collect energy data and perform digital signatures, encryption, and preliminary aggregation. The decentralized oracle network is used to cross-validate and reach consensus on the data processed at the edge, and submit the verified data hash and key metadata to the blockchain. The data interface standardization unit is used to standardize the access formats of different energy devices and data sources.

4. The modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The edge device is a solid-state transformer.

5. The modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The settlement logic execution module includes an event monitoring and triggering unit, a dynamic settlement logic unit, a multi-party settlement fund transfer unit, and a dispute resolution mechanism. The event monitoring and triggering unit is used to monitor relevant events on the blockchain and trigger the execution of smart contracts. The dynamic settlement logic unit is used to dynamically adjust the settlement logic of smart contracts according to external conditions. The multi-party settlement and fund transfer unit is used to automatically calculate the amounts receivable and payable of each trading party and trigger on-chain token transfers. The dispute resolution mechanism is used to handle transaction disputes.

6. The modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The physical device linkage module includes an instruction sending interface and a status feedback mechanism; the instruction sending interface is used to send physical control instructions generated by the smart contract to the control unit of the smart device. The status feedback mechanism is used by smart devices to feed back their operating status, fault information and control execution results to the blockchain in real time.

7. A modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The intelligent device is a solid-state transformer.

8. The smart contract settlement process proposed according to a modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Dynamically generate energy trading smart contracts based on preset templates and user parameters, and deploy them to the blockchain; Step 2: Securely, accurately, and in real-time introduce physical world energy data into the blockchain through a trusted data oracle mechanism; Step 3: Monitor relevant events on the blockchain and perform automated settlement based on on-chain data and smart contract logic; Step 4: Based on the settlement results, send control commands to the physical power grid equipment or receive its status feedback through the physical equipment linkage module.

9. A modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The energy data mentioned in step two is collected by a solid-state transformer and digitally signed and preprocessed.

10. A modular dynamic smart contract settlement engine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The physical power grid device mentioned in step four is a solid-state transformer, and the control command is used to adjust the power output or operating mode of the solid-state transformer.

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