Teaching model for pterygium resection operation
By designing a teaching model for pterygium excision, and utilizing a simulated eyeball and a microbleeding simulation system, the problem of the lack of dedicated training models in existing technologies was solved. This improved the realism and safety of microsurgical skills training, and achieved standardization and cost control in teaching.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
AI Technical Summary
The lack of a dedicated training model for pterygium excision in the current technology makes it difficult for resident physicians to systematically, safely, and repeatedly practice key microsurgical skills.
A teaching model for pterygium excision was designed, including a simulated eyeball, a microbleeding simulation system, and a pterygium simulation block. The simulated eyeball is constructed using multi-layer composite materials and embedded with a fiber Bragg grating sensing unit. Combined with the microbleeding simulation system, it provides a realistic feel and real-time feedback, simulating the phenomenon of microvascular rupture and bleeding, thereby enhancing the immersion and safety of training.
It improved the realism and effectiveness of microsurgical skills training, reduced operational risks during the learning process, promoted awareness of safe surgery, and achieved standardization and cost control in teaching.
Smart Images
Figure CN121747404A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of medical teaching models, in particular to a pterygium resection operation teaching model. BACKGROUND
[0002] Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease, mainly manifested as subconjunctival fibrovascular tissue abnormal hyperplasia and invasion to the cornea, often occurring in the nasal palpebral fissure area, with the progression of the disease, the pterygium can cause irregular corneal surface, increase of astigmatism, and even block the visual axis in severe cases, leading to decreased vision, and has a significant impact on the appearance of the patient, at present, surgical resection is the main means for treating moderate and severe pterygium, and the clinical commonly used surgical methods include simple pterygium resection, pterygium resection combined with autologous conjunctival flap transplantation or amniotic membrane transplantation, among which, autologous conjunctival flap transplantation has become the mainstream surgical method due to its low recurrence rate and good ocular surface reconstruction effect.
[0003] However, pterygium resection surgery is a delicate ocular surface microsurgery operation, the whole operation process is carried out in a small ocular surface space, and high requirements are put forward for the micro-operation stability, tissue level recognition ability, dissection feeling and hand-eye coordination ability of the operator, therefore, the surgery is one of the basic core surgeries in the standardized training (resident training) system of ophthalmic residents in China, and is an important training content for cultivating the microsurgery skills of primary ophthalmologists, despite this, in the current teaching practice, the teaching of pterygium surgery still faces multiple challenges: firstly, due to the limitation of patient safety, medical ethics and clinical resources, the opportunity for residents to operate independently in real surgery is extremely limited, and they often only participate as assistants, making it difficult to systematically and repeatedly practice key steps; secondly, the individual differences of clinical cases are significant, and there is a lack of standardized teaching cases, which is not conducive to the training of specific operation skills in stages and modules; thirdly, the existing ophthalmic teaching models are mainly focused on cataract phacoemulsification, vitrectomy or corneal refractive surgery related to high-value consumables, and there is a serious lack of special training models for ocular surface diseases, especially the special teaching model for pterygium resection. SUMMARY
[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a pterygium resection operation teaching model, which can solve the problem that there is a lack of special training model for pterygium resection surgery teaching in the prior art, and the resident doctors cannot systematically, safely and repeatedly practice key micro-operation skills.
[0005] Technical solution: A pterygium resection operation teaching model, comprising a hemispherical base, a simulated eyeball, a fixing mechanism, a micro-bleeding simulation system, a pterygium simulation block, a infusion pipeline and a conjunctival graft, the hemispherical base is provided with a simulated eyeball for simulating a human eyeball, the hemispherical base is provided with a fixing mechanism, the fixing mechanism is used for fixing the simulated eyeball in the hemispherical base, the simulated eyeball is provided with a micro-bleeding simulation system, the micro-bleeding simulation system is used for simulating micro-bleeding in the operation process, the simulated eyeball is connected with the pterygium simulation block, the simulated eyeball is provided with an infusion pipeline, the infusion pipeline is used for sending simulated blood into the micro-bleeding simulation system, and the conjunctival graft is used for covering the micro-bleeding simulation system.
[0006] Further, the simulated eyeball comprises a simulated sclera, a simulated iris, a simulated pupil, a corneal biomimetic layer and a simulated conjunctiva, the hemispherical base is provided with the simulated sclera, the simulated sclera is provided with the simulated iris at the top middle, the simulated iris is provided with the simulated pupil at the top middle, the simulated sclera is provided with the corneal biomimetic layer, the simulated iris and the simulated pupil are located inside the corneal biomimetic layer, and the simulated sclera is provided with the simulated conjunctiva on the outer surface.
[0007] Further, the corneal biomimetic layer comprises a corneal epithelial layer, an anterior elastic layer and a stroma layer, the simulated sclera is provided with the corneal epithelial layer, the corneal epithelial layer is connected with the anterior elastic layer inside, and the anterior elastic layer is connected with the stroma layer inside, and the corneal epithelial layer, the anterior elastic layer and the stroma layer are all provided with fiber Bragg grating sensing units for monitoring instrument penetration.
[0008] Further, the fixing mechanism comprises a first magnetic ring and a second magnetic ring, the hemispherical base is provided with the first magnetic ring inside, and the simulated sclera of the simulated eyeball is connected with the second magnetic ring outside.
[0009] Further, the micro-bleeding simulation system comprises a liquid storage cylinder, a simulated blood vessel micro-channel layer, a micro-bleeding trigger layer and a detachable fixing layer, the simulated sclera of the simulated eyeball is mounted with the liquid storage cylinder for storing simulated blood, the liquid storage cylinder is communicated with the infusion pipeline, the liquid storage cylinder is provided with the simulated blood vessel micro-channel layer inside, the surface of the simulated blood vessel micro-channel layer is flush with the outer surface of the simulated sclera of the simulated eyeball, the inside of the simulated blood vessel micro-channel layer forms a micro-channel network for simulating the distribution of subconjunctival blood vessels, and the liquid storage cylinder is provided with the micro-bleeding trigger layer and the detachable fixing layer at the cylinder opening, and the detachable fixing layer is used for fixing the micro-bleeding trigger layer.
[0010] Further, the pterygium simulation block comprises a head and a body, the head of the pterygium simulation block is bonded to the outer surface of the corneal epithelial layer of the corneal biomimetic layer for simulating triangular fibrovascular tissue invading the cornea, and the body of the pterygium simulation block is bonded to the detachable fixing layer and the simulated conjunctiva of the simulated eyeball for simulating fibrous tissue adhering to the conjunctiva and the sclera.
[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a medical silicone sealing ring, with a medical silicone sealing ring installed between the detachable fixing layer and the liquid reservoir.
[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a one-way valve, which is installed inside the infusion tubing to prevent the simulated blood from flowing back.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The present invention constructs a simulated eyeball by using multi-layer composite materials, including a simulated sclera, a biomimetic corneal layer (including the corneal epithelium, anterior elastic layer and stroma), a simulated iris, a simulated pupil and a simulated conjunctiva. Each layer of material simulates the real ocular surface tissue in terms of transparency, elastic modulus and mechanical properties. Trainees can obtain tactile feedback and visual experience close to real clinical surgery during the operation, effectively improving the realism and effectiveness of microsurgical skills training.
[0014] 2. This invention embeds fiber Bragg grating sensing units in different anatomical layers of the corneal bionic layer (corneal epithelium, Bowman's layer, and stroma), which can sense the penetration depth of the instrument in real time. When the operation breaks through the preset anatomical layer or reaches the dangerous depth, the system automatically generates a feedback signal to help trainees accurately control the cutting and peeling force, avoid excessive damage to the corneal structure, significantly reduce the operational risks during the learning process, and strengthen the awareness of safe surgery.
[0015] 3. This invention, through the microbleeding simulation system consisting of a reservoir, a simulated vascular microchannel layer, a microbleeding trigger layer, and a detachable fixing layer, can trigger the opening of micropores or microcracks when the trainee operates improperly (such as excessive traction, shearing, or compression), allowing simulated blood to seep out through the microchannel network, realistically simulating the phenomenon of subconjunctival microvascular rupture and bleeding during surgery. This design not only enhances the immersive experience of training but also encourages trainees to learn hemostasis and fine operation skills in practice.
[0016] 4. This invention designs the pterygium simulation block, conjunctival transplant piece, simulated vascular microfluidic channel layer and liquid storage cylinder as reusable structures, while designing the microbleeding trigger layer as a disposable and replaceable structure, effectively reducing the cost of use while ensuring the teaching effect.
[0017] 5. This invention, through the synergistic effect of the corneal biomimetic layer and the microbleeding simulation system, enables teaching evaluation to no longer rely on the subjective experience of a single teacher, but to be judged based on structural feedback and physical signals, which is conducive to the standardized implementation of standardized training for resident physicians. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the hemispherical base of the present invention.
[0020] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the simulated eyeball of the present invention.
[0021] Figure 4 This is a structural separation diagram of the simulated eyeball of the present invention.
[0022] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the simulated eyeball and microbleeding simulation system of the present invention.
[0023] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the microbleeding simulation system and infusion pipeline of the present invention.
[0024] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the microbleeding simulation system and infusion pipeline of the present invention.
[0025] Figure 8 This is a structural separation diagram of the microbleeding simulation system of the present invention.
[0026] In the attached diagrams: 1. Hemispherical base; 201. Simulated sclera; 202. Simulated iris; 203. Simulated pupil; 2041. Corneal epithelium; 2042. Anterior elastic layer; 2043. Stroma; 205. Simulated conjunctiva; 301. First magnetic ring; 302. Second magnetic ring; 401. Liquid reservoir; 402. Simulated vascular microfluidic channel layer; 403. Microbleeding trigger layer; 404. Detachable fixation layer; 405. Medical silicone sealing ring; 501. Head; 502. Body; 6. Infusion tubing; 7. One-way valve; 8. Conjunctival graft. Detailed Implementation
[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.
[0028] Example: A teaching model for pterygium excision, see below. Figures 1-8As shown, the device includes a hemispherical base 1; it also includes a simulated eyeball, a fixation mechanism, a microbleeding simulation system, a pterygium simulation block, an infusion tube 6, a one-way valve 7, and a conjunctival transplant piece 8; the simulated eyeball is placed inside the hemispherical base 1, and the simulated eyeball is used to simulate the structure of the human eyeball; the fixation mechanism is set inside the hemispherical base 1, and the fixation mechanism is used to fix the simulated eyeball inside the hemispherical base 1; the microbleeding simulation system is set on the simulated eyeball, and the microbleeding simulation system is used to simulate microbleeding during the surgical process; the pterygium simulation block is connected to the simulated eyeball; the infusion tube 6 is set inside the simulated eyeball, and the infusion tube 6 is used to deliver simulated blood into the microbleeding simulation system; the one-way valve 7 is installed inside the infusion tube 6, and the one-way valve 7 is used to prevent the simulated blood from flowing back; the conjunctival transplant piece 8 is used to cover the microbleeding simulation system.
[0029] See Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the simulated eyeball includes a simulated sclera 201, a simulated iris 202, a simulated pupil 203, a bionic corneal layer, and a simulated conjunctiva 205. The simulated sclera 201 is housed within a hemispherical base 1, and the simulated sclera 201 is spherical. An infusion tube 6 is located inside the simulated sclera 201. The simulated iris 202 is positioned at the top center of the simulated sclera 201. The simulated pupil 203 is positioned at the top center of the simulated iris 202. The simulated sclera 201, simulated iris 202, and simulated pupil 203 are all made of elastic composite materials and possess a certain degree of elasticity. The corneal bionic layer includes a corneal epithelial layer 2041, anterior elastic layer 2042, and stroma 2043. The simulated sclera 201 has a corneal epithelial layer 2041 at its top, made of a highly transparent, low-elasticity flexible polymer material. The anterior elastic layer 2042 is connected to the inner side of the corneal epithelial layer 2041, made of a highly elastic, low-extensibility thin film material. The corneal epithelial layer 2041... A first layer of fiber Bragg grating sensing units is disposed between the inner wall of the anterior elastic layer 2041 and the anterior elastic layer 2042 to monitor whether the instrument operation has penetrated the corneal epithelial layer 2041. The inner wall of the anterior elastic layer 2042 is connected to the stroma layer 2043, which is made of transparent elastic composite material. A second layer of fiber Bragg grating sensing units is disposed between the inner wall of the anterior elastic layer 2042 and the stroma layer 2043 to monitor whether the instrument operation has penetrated the anterior elastic layer 2042. Multiple layers of fiber Bragg grating sensing units are disposed inside the stroma layer 2043. These correspond to different depths of 50μm, 100μm, and 150μm, respectively, and are used to achieve graded monitoring of the scratch depth of the stroma layer 2043. The simulated iris 202 and simulated pupil 203 are both located inside the stroma layer 2043. The simulated sclera 201 has a simulated conjunctiva 205 on its outer surface. The simulated conjunctiva 205 is located outside the corneal epithelium layer 2041. The simulated conjunctiva 205 is made of elastic composite material and has a certain degree of elasticity and resilience, so that trainees can obtain a tactile sensation similar to that of real surgery during training.
[0030] See Figures 2-4 As shown, the fixing mechanism includes a first magnetic ring 301 and a second magnetic ring 302; the first magnetic ring 301 is disposed on the inner side of the hemispherical base 1; the second magnetic ring 302 is connected to the outer side of the simulated sclera 201 of the simulated eyeball, and the first magnetic ring 301 and the second magnetic ring 302 are attracted by magnetic force to fix the simulated eyeball.
[0031] See Figures 5-8As shown, the microbleeding simulation system includes a reservoir 401, a simulated vascular microfluidic layer 402, a microbleeding triggering layer 403, and a detachable fixing layer 404. The reservoir 401 is embedded in the upper surface of the simulated sclera 201 of the simulated eyeball. The reservoir 401 stores simulated blood and is connected to an infusion pipe 6, facilitating the delivery of simulated blood into the reservoir 401 via the infusion pipe 6. A simulated vascular microfluidic layer 402 is located inside the reservoir 401. The surface of the simulated vascular microfluidic layer 402 facing the opening of the reservoir 401 is flush with the outer surface of the simulated sclera 201 of the simulated eyeball. A microfluidic network is formed inside the simulated vascular microfluidic layer 402 to simulate the distribution of subconjunctival vessels. The microfluidic network and the reservoir 401... 1. The inner side is connected, and the simulated blood in the reservoir 401 flows out through the microfluidic network; a microbleeding trigger layer 403 is placed at the opening of the reservoir 401. It is made of a thin film with elastic deformation capability. The microbleeding trigger layer 403 has multiple micropores or microcracks inside. The micropores or microcracks are closed when not under force. When the mechanical force generated by shearing, pulling or compressing operation exceeds the preset threshold of the micropores or microcracks, the micropores or microcracks will open; a detachable fixing layer 404 is installed at the opening of the reservoir 401. The detachable fixing layer 404 is used to fix the microbleeding trigger layer 403 at the opening of the reservoir 401. The outer surface of the detachable fixing layer 404 is flush with the outer surface of the simulated conjunctiva 205 of the simulated eyeball. See Figure 1 As shown, the pterygium simulation block includes a head 501 and a body 502. The head 501 of the pterygium simulation block is bonded to the outer surface of the corneal epithelial layer 2041 of the corneal biomimetic layer through a micro-adhesive biogel to simulate triangular fibrovascular tissue invading the cornea. The body 502 of the pterygium simulation block is bonded to the outer surface of the detachable fixation layer 404 and the outer surface of the simulated conjunctiva 205 of the simulated eyeball through a micro-adhesive biogel to simulate fibrous tissue that adheres to the conjunctiva and sclera.
[0032] See Figure 1 As shown, it also includes a medical silicone sealing ring 405. The medical silicone sealing ring 405 is installed between the detachable fixing layer 404 and the liquid storage cylinder 401. The medical silicone sealing ring 405 is used to adhere tightly to the microbleeding trigger layer 403 to achieve sealing and pressing of the microbleeding trigger layer 403.
[0033] Before conducting the teaching simulation: Place the simulated eyeball inside the hemispherical base 1, with the corneal epithelial layer 2041 facing directly upwards. Fix the simulated eyeball inside the hemispherical base 1 by the magnetic attraction of the first magnetic ring 301 and the second magnetic ring 302. Then, use a micro-adhesive biogel to bond the head 501 and body 502 of the pterygium simulation block. Next, use a micro-adhesive biogel to bond the head 501 to the outer surface of the corneal epithelial layer 2041 of the corneal biomimetic layer. Then, use a micro-adhesive biogel to bond the body 502 between the outer surface of the detachable fixing layer 404 and the outer surface of the simulated conjunctiva 205 of the simulated eyeball (e.g., ...). Figure 1 (As shown), then an appropriate amount of simulated blood is pressurized and injected into the storage tank 401 through the infusion pipeline 6 and the one-way valve 7 for storage, thus completing the preparation operation before the teaching simulation; Next, during the teaching simulation: First, the trainee separates the head 501 and body 502 of the pterygium simulation block, thus separating and peeling off the head 501 and body 502. Then, the head 501 of the pterygium simulation block is peeled off. The trainee operates an instrument to cut into the biomimetic corneal layer of the simulated eyeball, until it penetrates the corneal epithelium 2041 to the anterior elastic lamina 2042. Then, the head 501 of the pterygium simulation block is peeled off until it is completely peeled off. During the peeling process of the head 501... When the instrument penetrates the corneal biomimetic layer, passing through the corneal epithelium 2041, Bowman's layer 2042, and stroma 2043 to a predetermined depth, the fiber Bragg gratings at the corresponding layers are subjected to strain, causing a change in their reflected wavelength. When the change in reflected wavelength reaches or exceeds a preset threshold, the system determines that the layer has been breached and generates a corresponding depth damage signal. Thus, by embedding fiber Bragg grating sensor arrays within different anatomical layers of the cornea, corresponding teaching feedback signals are generated when the student operates the instrument to breach different depth layers, enabling… This method effectively guides trainees to control the depth of their operations, reducing the risk of corneal damage during surgery. After the head 501 of the pterygium simulation block is dissected, the body 502 of the pterygium simulation block is dissected next. The trainee operates the instrument to dissect the body 502 of the pterygium simulation block. If the mechanical force generated by the shearing, pulling, or compressing operation of the instrument during the dissection process exceeds the preset threshold of the micropores or microcracks in the microbleeding trigger layer 403, the micropores or microcracks inside the microbleeding trigger layer 403 will open, causing the internal and external pressure difference to squeeze the simulated blood in the reservoir 401. The simulated blood is inserted into the simulated vascular microfluidic layer 402, allowing simulated blood to flow into the microfluidic network within the simulated vascular microfluidic layer 402 and into the microbleeding trigger layer 403, thereby simulating the microbleeding phenomenon. This allows trainees to perceive the consequences of improper operation at both the visual and operational levels. After the body 502 of the pterygium simulation block is completely dissected, the trainee uses a conjunctival graft 8 to cover the original position of the body 502 of the pterygium simulation block and sutures the conjunctival graft 8 to the simulated conjunctiva 205, thereby simulating the complete surgical process of conjunctival autologous transplantation after pterygium excision. After the teaching simulation: the conjunctival graft 8 is removed from the simulated conjunctiva 205, and the removable fixation layer 404 is removed from the reservoir 401, so that the removable fixation layer 404 releases the microbleeding trigger layer 403 and the medical silicone sealing ring 405 from its fixation. Then, the microbleeding trigger layer 403 and the medical silicone sealing ring 405 are removed, and a new microbleeding trigger layer 403 is placed back in its original position. Then, the medical silicone sealing ring 405 is placed back in its original position, and the removable fixation layer 404 is removed from its original position. The fixing layer 404 is reinstalled onto the reservoir 401, so that the detachable fixing layer 404 fixes the microbleeding trigger layer 403 and the medical silicone sealing ring 405. In this way, the microbleeding trigger layer 403 can be replaced, which is convenient for the next teaching use. (The pterygium simulation block, conjunctival transplant piece 8, reservoir 401, simulated vascular microfluidic channel layer 402 and detachable fixing layer 404 of this model can all be reused, which effectively reduces the cost of use while ensuring the teaching effect.)
[0034] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims
1. A teaching model for pterygium excision, comprising a hemispherical base (1), characterized in that, It also includes a simulated eyeball, a fixation mechanism, a microbleeding simulation system, a pterygium simulation block, an infusion tube (6), and a conjunctival transplant (8). The hemispherical base (1) contains a simulated eyeball for simulating a human eyeball. The hemispherical base (1) contains a fixation mechanism for fixing the simulated eyeball in the hemispherical base (1). The simulated eyeball is equipped with a microbleeding simulation system for simulating microbleeding during surgery. The simulated eyeball is connected to a pterygium simulation block. The simulated eyeball contains an infusion tube (6) for delivering simulated blood into the microbleeding simulation system. The conjunctival transplant (8) is used to cover the microbleeding simulation system.
2. A teaching model for pterygium excision as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The simulated eyeball includes a simulated sclera (201), a simulated iris (202), a simulated pupil (203), a corneal bionic layer, and a simulated conjunctiva (205). The simulated sclera (201) is located inside the hemispherical base (1). The simulated iris (202) is located in the middle of the top of the simulated sclera (201). The simulated pupil (203) is located in the middle of the top of the simulated iris (202). The corneal bionic layer is located on the simulated sclera (201). The simulated iris (202) and the simulated pupil (203) are both located inside the corneal bionic layer. The simulated conjunctiva (205) is located on the outer surface of the simulated sclera (201).
3. A teaching model for pterygium excision as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The biomimetic corneal layer includes a corneal epithelial layer (2041), anterior elastic layer (2042), and a stroma layer (2043). The simulated sclera (201) is provided with a corneal epithelial layer (2041). Anterior elastic layer (2042) is connected to the inner side of the corneal epithelial layer (2041). The stroma layer (2043) is connected to the inner side of the anterior elastic layer (2042). Fiber Bragg grating sensing units are provided on the corneal epithelial layer (2041), anterior elastic layer (2042), and stroma layer (2043) for monitoring instrument penetration.
4. A teaching model for pterygium excision as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The fixing mechanism includes a first magnetic ring (301) and a second magnetic ring (302). The first magnetic ring (301) is provided on the inner side of the hemispherical base (1), and the second magnetic ring (302) is connected to the outer side of the simulated sclera (201) of the simulated eyeball.
5. A teaching model for pterygium excision according to claim 3, characterized in that, The microbleed simulation system includes a reservoir (401), a simulated vascular microfluidic layer (402), a microbleed triggering layer (403), and a detachable fixing layer (404). The reservoir (401) for storing simulated blood is installed inside the simulated sclera (201) of the simulated eyeball. The reservoir (401) is connected to the infusion pipeline (6). The simulated vascular microfluidic layer (402) is provided inside the reservoir (401). The surface of the simulated vascular microfluidic layer (402) is flush with the outer surface of the simulated sclera (201) of the simulated eyeball. A microfluidic network is formed inside the simulated vascular microfluidic layer (402) to simulate the distribution of blood vessels under the conjunctiva. The reservoir (401) is provided with a microbleed triggering layer (403) and a detachable fixing layer (404) at the opening of the reservoir (401). The detachable fixing layer (404) is used to fix the microbleed triggering layer (403).
6. A teaching model for pterygium excision as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The pterygium simulation block includes a head (501) and a body (502). The head (501) of the pterygium simulation block is attached to the outer surface of the corneal epithelium (2041) of the corneal bionic layer to simulate triangular fibrovascular tissue invading the cornea. The body (502) of the pterygium simulation block is attached to the detachable fixation layer (404) and the simulated conjunctiva (205) of the simulated eyeball to simulate fibrous tissue that adheres to the conjunctiva and sclera.
7. A teaching model for pterygium excision according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a medical silicone sealing ring (405), and a medical silicone sealing ring (405) is installed between the detachable fixing layer (404) and the liquid reservoir (401).
8. A teaching model for pterygium excision as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a one-way valve (7), which is installed inside the infusion pipeline (6) to prevent the backflow of simulated blood.