Battery element, solid-state battery, battery pack and electric equipment

Abstract

The present invention provides a battery element, a solid-state battery, a battery pack, and an electric device, the battery element comprising a filler, the filler comprising a copolymer, the copolymer comprising a fluorine-containing repeating unit and an ethyoxyl-containing repeating unit. The battery element provided by the invention contains the specific filler which is filled among the solid particles, so that the forming pressure and the operating pressure of the battery can be effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the filler is filled in the gaps among the solid particles, so that the effect of transmitting lithium ions can be achieved, and the service life of the battery element is prolonged. And therefore, lithium ions can have a better transmission effect on the electrode and the electrolyte layer, and the energy density, the cycle performance, the rate capability, the power performance and the like of the battery can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of batteries, and more particularly to a battery element, a solid-state battery, a battery pack, and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional liquid lithium-ion batteries, due to their use of liquid electrolytes, pose safety hazards such as easy leakage, easy volatilization, and easy combustion. At the same time, the energy density of liquid lithium-ion batteries has already approached its upper limit.

[0003] Solid electrolytes have the advantages of being non-flammable and non-volatile, which can significantly improve battery safety. At the same time, due to their non-diffusion properties, solid electrolytes are theoretically easier to form stable interfaces, thus making them compatible with high-energy negative electrodes such as lithium metal. Therefore, solid-state batteries, while inheriting the advantages of traditional lithium batteries, have higher energy density and safety performance.

[0004] However, the electrolyte particles, active material particles, and conductive agent particles in solid-state batteries are all inorganic materials with high hardness and modulus, making it difficult to form a stable and good solid-solid contact. Moreover, due to the large friction between solid particles, it is difficult for the particles to slide. Even under high molding and operating pressures, gaps still exist after the solid particles are piled up. These gaps cannot transport lithium ions, resulting in a decrease in the battery's cycle performance and rate performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a battery element, which can be any one or more of the positive electrode, negative electrode, and electrolyte layer of a battery. Because a specific filler is added to the battery element of this invention, the filler can make the solid particles in the electrode sheet and the solid particles between the electrode sheet and the electrolyte layer have good contact and more dense stacking, thereby reducing the molding pressure and operating pressure of the battery. At the same time, the filler fills the gaps between the particles and plays the role of transporting lithium ions, which helps to improve the cycle performance and rate performance of the solid-state battery.

[0006] The present invention also provides a solid-state battery. Since the solid-state battery includes the above-mentioned battery elements, it can effectively reduce the molding pressure and operating pressure compared with traditional solid-state batteries, while having the advantages of high energy density, good cycle stability, and excellent rate performance and power performance.

[0007] The present invention also provides a battery pack, which, since it includes the above-mentioned solid-state battery, has the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life and good rate performance.

[0008] The present invention also provides an electrical device that, since includes the above-mentioned solid-state battery or battery pack, has good electrical performance and a long service life.

[0009] In detail, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a battery element comprising a filler comprising a copolymer comprising fluorinated repeating units and ethoxylated repeating units.

[0010] Furthermore, the fluorine-containing repeating unit includes the structure shown in Formula 1 and / or Formula 2:

[0011]

[0012] In Formula 1, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently one of hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, and R1, R2, R3, and R4 contain at least one fluorine atom.

[0013] In Formula 2, R5 is one of hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy; R6 is -O- or -NH-; and R7 is C1-C... 20 Fluorinated straight-chain alkyl or C1-C 20 Fluorinated branched alkyl groups.

[0014] Further, in Formula 1, the substituent groups in the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl groups and the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy groups are each independently selected from one of halogen, carbonyl, cyano, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 alkyl; in Formula 2, the substituent groups in the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl groups and the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy groups are each independently selected from one of halogen, carbonyl, cyano, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 alkyl.

[0015] Furthermore, the ethoxylated repeating unit comprises the structure shown in Formula 3 and / or Formula 4:

[0016]

[0017] In Formula 4, R8 is one of hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, R9 is -O- or -NH-, and e is an integer between 2 and 50.

[0018] Furthermore, in Formula 4, the substituent groups in the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl groups and the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy groups are each independently selected from one of halogen, carbonyl, cyano, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 alkyl groups.

[0019] Further, the fluorinated repeating unit comprises at least one structure shown in Formulas 5 to 9, and / or the ethoxylated repeating unit comprises the structure shown in Formula 10:

[0020]

[0021] Furthermore, the molar ratio of the fluorine-containing repeating unit to the ethoxy-containing repeating unit is 0.1-0.4:0.6-0.9.

[0022] Furthermore, the molecular weight of the copolymer is 600-10000 Da.

[0023] Furthermore, the copolymer is used as a binder, and the copolymer has a molecular weight of 100,000-2,000,000 Da.

[0024] Furthermore, the battery element is at least one of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte layer.

[0025] Furthermore, the battery element is a negative electrode sheet, which includes a current collector and a negative electrode coating disposed on the current collector, the negative electrode coating including the filler; the copolymer accounts for 1-10 wt% of the mass of the negative electrode coating.

[0026] Furthermore, the negative electrode coating includes a negative electrode active material and a first solid electrolyte, and the copolymer coats at least a portion of the surface of the negative electrode active material and / or the first solid electrolyte.

[0027] Furthermore, the battery element is a positive electrode sheet, which includes a current collector and a positive electrode coating disposed on the current collector, the positive electrode coating including the filler; the copolymer accounts for 1-10 wt% of the mass of the positive electrode coating.

[0028] Furthermore, the positive electrode coating includes a positive electrode active material and a second solid electrolyte, and the copolymer coats at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode active material and / or the second solid electrolyte.

[0029] Furthermore, the battery element is an electrolyte layer; the copolymer accounts for 1-10 wt% of the mass of the electrolyte layer.

[0030] Furthermore, the electrolyte layer includes a third solid electrolyte, and the copolymer coats at least a portion of the surface of the third solid electrolyte.

[0031] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a solid-state battery, including the battery element described in the first aspect.

[0032] Thirdly, the present invention provides a battery pack including the solid-state battery described in the second aspect.

[0033] Fourthly, the present invention provides an electrical device comprising the solid-state battery described in the second aspect or the battery pack described in the third aspect.

[0034] The battery element provided by this invention includes a specific filler that can fill between one or more solid particles such as positive electrode, negative electrode, and electrolyte layer, making it easier for the solid particles to slide and form a dense stack. This can effectively reduce the molding and operating pressure of solid-state batteries. At the same time, the filler, which fills the gaps between solid particles, can play a role in transporting lithium ions, thereby enabling lithium ions to have a better transport effect in the electrode and electrolyte layers, which helps to improve the cycle performance and rate performance of the battery. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below. The specific embodiments listed below are merely descriptions of the principles and features of the present invention, and the examples are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a battery element comprising a filler comprising a copolymer comprising fluorinated repeating units and ethoxylated repeating units.

[0037] It should be noted that the copolymers of the present invention can be either regular copolymers or random copolymers, and the present invention does not impose any particular limitation on them. Furthermore, the aforementioned fillers can be filled into any internal component of a solid-state battery, for example, into the positive electrode coating, the negative electrode coating, or the electrolyte layer.

[0038] Since the filler of the present invention includes a copolymer containing fluorine repeating units and ethoxy repeating units, it can lubricate solid particles when filled into any internal component of a solid-state battery, thereby making it easier for solid particles inside the battery to slide and form a denser packing, which can effectively reduce the molding pressure and operating pressure of the battery. At the same time, the filler including the copolymer can also play a role in transporting lithium ions when filled into the gaps between solid particles in the solid-state battery, so that lithium ions can have a better transport effect in the electrode and electrolyte layers, which helps to further improve the energy density, cycle performance, rate performance, etc. of the battery.

[0039] The present invention does not specifically limit the number of repetitions of the fluorinated repeating unit and the ethoxy repeating unit. For example, the number of repetitions of the fluorinated repeating unit and the ethoxy repeating unit are each independently an integer between 2 and 1000, and more specifically any value in the range of 1-1000, 10-800, 50-700, 100-500, 200-600, 300-400, etc.

[0040] Since controlling the structure of the fluorinated segments helps the copolymer to achieve better lubrication, in a preferred embodiment, the fluorinated repeating unit includes the structure shown in Formula 1 and / or Formula 2:

[0041]

[0042] In Formula 1, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently one of hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, and R1, R2, R3, and R4 contain at least one fluorine atom.

[0043] In Formula 2, R5 is one of hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy; R6 is -O- or -NH-; and R7 is C1-C... 20 Fluorinated straight-chain alkyl or C1-C 20 Fluorinated branched alkyl groups.

[0044] Furthermore, in Formula 1, the substituent groups in the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl groups and the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy groups are each independently selected from one of halogen, carbonyl, cyano, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 alkyl; in Formula 2, the substituent groups in the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl groups and the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy groups are each independently selected from one of halogen, carbonyl, cyano, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 alkyl.

[0045] Similarly, controlling the structure of the ethoxy-containing segments helps the copolymer to achieve better lithium-ion transport. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the ethoxy-containing repeating unit includes the structure shown in Formula 3 and / or Formula 4:

[0046]

[0047] In Formula 4, R8 is one of hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, R9 is -O- or -NH-, and e is an integer between 2 and 50.

[0048] Furthermore, in Formula 4, the substituent groups in the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl groups and the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy groups are each independently selected from one of halogen, carbonyl, cyano, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 alkyl groups.

[0049] In one specific embodiment, the fluorinated repeating unit comprises at least one structure shown in Formulas 5 to 9, and / or, the ethoxylated repeating unit comprises the structure shown in Formula 10:

[0050]

[0051] In an optional embodiment, the molar ratio of the fluorinated repeating unit to the ethoxylated repeating unit is 0.1-0.4:0.6-0.9. The molar ratio of the fluorinated segment to the ethoxylated segment affects the balance between the lubrication effect and the lithium-ion transport effect of the copolymer. A ratio within the range of 0.1-0.4:0.6-0.9 allows the copolymer to possess both strong lubricity and high lithium-ion transport rate. If there are too many fluorinated segments and too few ethoxy segments, the polymer's ability to conduct lithium ions will be insufficient, affecting the battery's rate performance, power performance, and cycle performance. If there are too many ethoxy segments, although the copolymer can ensure good lithium-ion transport ability, it cannot provide good lubrication, which will affect the slippage between solid particles and make it difficult to form a more dense packing.

[0052] In an optional embodiment, the copolymer has a molecular weight of 600-10000 Da. A molecular weight within this range allows for better lubrication while ensuring lithium-ion transport.

[0053] For example, the molecular weight of the copolymer is in the range of 700 Da, 800 Da, 900 Da, 1000 Da, 1500 Da, 1800 Da, 2000 Da, 2500 Da, 3000 Da, 3500 Da, 4000 Da, 4500 Da, 5000 Da, 5500 Da, 6000 Da, 6500 Da, 7000 Da, 7500 Da, 8000 Da, 8500 Da, 9000 Da, 9500 Da, or any two of these.

[0054] In another alternative embodiment, the copolymer is used as a binder, and the copolymer has a molecular weight of 100,000-2,000,000 Da. This molecular weight of copolymer provides good adhesion, allowing the filler comprising the copolymer to fill between the solid particles of the solid-state battery. While replacing traditional binders, it also provides a certain degree of lubrication. Compared to traditional binders, because the copolymer has ion transport capabilities, replacing traditional binders with this copolymer can further improve the rate performance of the battery.

[0055] For example, the molecular weight of the copolymer is in the range of 120,000 Da, 150,000 Da, 200,000 Da, 300,000 Da, 400,000 Da, 500,000 Da, 600,000 Da, 700,000 Da, 800,000 Da, 900,000 Da, 1000,000 Da, 1200,000 Da, 1400,000 Da, 1500,000 Da, 1600,000 Da, 1700,000 Da, 1800,000 Da, 1900,000 Da, or any two of these.

[0056] In one alternative embodiment, the battery element is at least one of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte layer.

[0057] In one specific embodiment, the battery element is a negative electrode sheet, which includes a current collector and a negative electrode coating disposed on the current collector, the negative electrode coating including the filler; the copolymer accounts for 1-10 wt% of the mass of the negative electrode coating.

[0058] The addition of the copolymer is beneficial to the capacity, rate performance, and cycle performance of the solid-state battery. However, due to the limitation of the copolymer's conductivity, the amount of copolymer in the negative electrode coating should not be too much, otherwise it will reduce the capacity and rate performance of the solid-state battery. For example, the mass percentage of the copolymer in the negative electrode coating is 2wt%, 3wt%, 4wt%, 5wt%, 6wt%, 7wt%, 8wt%, 9wt%, etc., or any combination thereof.

[0059] In order to enable the copolymer of the present invention to play a better role in lubrication and lithium ion transport, and to make it more closely contact with the corresponding solid particles, in an optional embodiment, the negative electrode coating includes a negative electrode active material and a first solid electrolyte, and the copolymer coats at least a portion of the surface of the negative electrode active material and / or the first solid electrolyte.

[0060] In one specific embodiment, the battery element is a positive electrode sheet, the positive electrode sheet includes a current collector and a positive electrode coating disposed on the current collector, the positive electrode coating includes the filler; the copolymer accounts for 1-10 wt% of the mass of the positive electrode coating.

[0061] Similarly, the addition of the copolymer is beneficial to the capacity, rate performance, and cycle performance of the solid-state battery. However, due to the limitation of the copolymer's conductivity, the amount of copolymer in the positive electrode coating should not be too much, otherwise it will reduce the capacity and rate performance of the solid-state battery. For example, the mass percentage of the copolymer in the positive electrode coating is 2wt%, 3wt%, 4wt%, 5wt%, 6wt%, 7wt%, 8wt%, 9wt%, or any combination thereof.

[0062] In order to enable the copolymer of the present invention to play a better role in lubrication and lithium ion transport, and to make it more closely contact with the corresponding solid particles, in an optional embodiment, the positive electrode coating includes a positive electrode active material and a second solid electrolyte, and the copolymer coats at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode active material and / or the second solid electrolyte.

[0063] In one specific embodiment, the battery element is an electrolyte layer; the copolymer accounts for 1-10 wt% of the mass of the electrolyte layer.

[0064] Similarly, the addition of the copolymer is beneficial to the capacity, rate performance and cycle performance of the solid-state battery. However, due to the limitation of the copolymer's conductivity, the amount of copolymer in the electrolyte layer should not be too much, otherwise it will reduce the capacity and rate performance of the solid-state battery. For example, the mass percentage of the copolymer in the electrolyte layer is 2wt%, 3wt%, 4wt%, 5wt%, 6wt%, 7wt%, 8wt%, 9wt%, or any combination thereof.

[0065] In order to enable the copolymer of the present invention to perform better lubrication and lithium ion transport, and to make it more closely contact with the corresponding solid particles, in an optional embodiment, the electrolyte layer includes a third solid electrolyte, and the copolymer coats at least a portion of the surface of the third solid electrolyte.

[0066] The first solid electrolyte, the second solid electrolyte, and the third solid electrolyte may be the same or different, and each is independently selected from: Li3PS4, Li7P3S 11 Li 11 GeP2S 12 Li6PS5Cl, Li7P2S8I, Li 10 SnP2S 12 Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 A combination of one or more of S4, etc.

[0067] It can be understood that the above-mentioned negative electrode coating further includes a negative electrode active material and optionally a binder. The negative electrode active material is various negative electrode active substances capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium commonly used by those skilled in the art. For example, it can be selected from one or more of carbon materials, tin alloys, silicon alloys, silicon, tin, germanium, etc. At the same time, metallic lithium, lithium-indium alloy, etc. can also be used; the carbon material can be one or more of non-graphitized carbon, graphite, carbon obtained by high-temperature oxidation of polyacetylene-based polymer materials, pyrolytic carbon, coke, organic polymer sinter, activated carbon, etc.; when the negative electrode active material uses a silicon-based material, the negative electrode coating further contains a conductive agent, and the conductive agent is a material commonly used by those skilled in the art that can play a role in enhancing electron transfer. For example, it can be selected from at least one of natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, metal powder, graphene, etc.; the binder can directly use the filler of the present invention, or can compound the traditional binder and the filler of the present invention, or directly use the traditional binder. The traditional binder can be selected from at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polycarbonate propylene ester, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, poly(ethylene oxide), ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer.

[0068] The above-mentioned positive electrode coating further includes a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent and optionally a binder. The positive electrode active material is selected from at least one of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO2), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), lithium cobalt phosphate (LiCoPO4), lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnPO4), lithium nickel phosphate (LiNiPO4), lithium manganate (LiMnO2), binary material LiNi x A (1-x) O2 (where A is selected from one of Co and Mn, 0 < x < 1), ternary material LiNimBnC (1-m-n) O2 (where B and C are independently selected from at least one of Co, Al, and Mn, and B and C are different, 0 < m < 1, 0 < n < 1)); the conductive agent is a material commonly used by those skilled in the art that can play a role in enhancing electron transfer. For example, it can be selected from at least one of natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, Super P, Super S, graphene, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, and Ketjen black, etc.; the binder can use the filler of the present invention, or can compound the traditional binder and the filler of the present invention, or directly use the traditional binder. The traditional binder can be selected from at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polycarbonate propylene ester, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, poly(ethylene oxide), ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamideimide, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate.

[0069] To ensure the full capacity of the solid-state battery, the positive electrode active particles, for example, account for 50%-90% of the mass of the positive electrode coating.

[0070] The electrolyte layer comprises an electrolyte and a binder. The electrolyte can be an oxide electrolyte or a sulfide electrolyte. The binder can be the filler of this invention, or a combination of a conventional binder and the filler of this invention, or a conventional binder can be used directly. The conventional binder can be selected from at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene carbonate, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide-imide, polyvinyl alcohol, and sodium polyacrylate.

[0071] Regarding the particle size distribution of the aforementioned positive and negative active materials, this invention does not impose specific limitations. For example, the D50 of the aforementioned positive or negative active materials can be 5-16 μm, specifically including but not limited to: 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm, 10 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, 13 μm, 14 μm, 15 μm, etc.; the D99 can be 14-30 μm, specifically including but not limited to: 15 μm, 16 μm, 17 μm, 18 μm, 19 μm, 20 μm, 21 μm, 22 μm, 23 μm, 24 μm, 25 μm, 26 μm, 27 μm, 28 μm, 29 μm, etc.; the D10 can be 2-10 μm, specifically including but not limited to: 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm, etc.

[0072] The present invention does not specifically limit the thickness and areal density of the positive and negative electrode sheets. However, in order to balance battery capacity, cycle life and energy density, in one specific embodiment, the thickness of the positive or negative electrode sheet is 20-120 μm, specifically including but not limited to: 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 110 μm, etc.; and the areal density of the positive or negative electrode sheet is 2-25 mg / cm³. 2 Specifically, including but not limited to: 3.5 mg / cm³ 2 4mg / cm 2 4.5 mg / cm 2 5mg / cm 2 5.5 mg / cm 2 6mg / cm 2 6.5 mg / cm 2 7mg / cm 2 7.5 mg / cm 28mg / cm 2 8.5 mg / cm 2 9mg / cm 2 9.5 mg / cm 2 mg / cm 2 10mg / cm 2 10.5 mg / cm 2 11mg / cm 2 11.5 mg / cm 2 12mg / cm 2 12.5 mg / cm 2 13mg / cm 2 13.5 mg / cm 2 14mg / cm 2 14.5 mg / cm 2 15mg / cm 2 16mg / cm 2 17mg / cm 2 18mg / cm 2 18mg / cm 2 19mg / cm 2 20mg / cm 2 21mg / cm 2 22mg / cm 2 23mg / cm 2 24mg / cm 2 25mg / cm 2 wait.

[0073] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a solid-state battery, including the battery element described in the first aspect.

[0074] The above-mentioned solid-state battery preparation method can use any conventional process. For example, when both the positive and negative electrode sheets include the above-mentioned filler, the preparation of the solid-state battery includes: placing an electrolyte layer between the positive and negative electrode sheets, welding tabs onto the positive and negative electrode sheets, stacking them, and sealing them in an aluminum-plastic film; wherein, the preparation method of the positive electrode sheet may include: providing an electrode slurry containing positive active particles, a conductive agent, and the above-mentioned filler; coating the electrode slurry onto an electrode current collector and drying it to form a positive electrode coating. The preparation method of the negative electrode sheet may include: providing an electrode slurry containing negative active particles, a conductive agent, and the above-mentioned filler; coating the electrode slurry onto an electrode current collector and drying it to form a positive electrode coating.

[0075] The solid-state battery of the present invention does not have any particular limitation on the current collector. Conventional electrode current collectors in the art can be used, such as copper foil, aluminum foil, etc., and their thickness can be, for example, 1-20 μm.

[0076] It should be noted that the above-mentioned solid-state battery may include, but is not limited to, single cell, battery module, battery pack, etc. That is, the actual application form of the battery provided by the present invention may be, but is not limited to, the listed products, or other application forms. When the battery is a single cell, it includes at least one of cylindrical battery, prismatic battery, etc.

[0077] Thirdly, the present invention provides a battery pack including the solid-state battery described in the second aspect.

[0078] Fourthly, the present invention provides an electrical device comprising the battery described in the second aspect or the battery pack described in the third aspect.

[0079] It should be noted that the aforementioned electronic devices can be any conventional device that requires electricity, such as, but not limited to, computers, electric vehicles, air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens, printers, fax machines, etc.

[0080] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments:

[0081] The following molecular weight measurements were performed using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with N,N-dimethylformamide as the mobile phase (solvent).

[0082] Example 1

[0083] This example provides a negative electrode sheet, which includes a filler. The filler is a random copolymer of fluorinated repeating units and ethoxylated repeating units. The molecular weight of the copolymer is approximately 3300, and the molar ratio of the fluorinated repeating units to the ethoxylated repeating units is 0.2:0.8. The structures of the fluorinated repeating units and the ethoxylated repeating units are shown below:

[0084] Fluorine-containing repeating unit: Contains ethoxy repeating units:

[0085] This example also provides a solid-state battery, including a positive electrode, the aforementioned negative electrode, and an electrolyte layer. The method for preparing the solid-state battery is as follows:

[0086] (1) Preparation of copolymers

[0087] monomer The copolymer was uniformly mixed in N,N-dimethylformamide at a molar ratio of 2:8, and 5 wt% of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was added as an initiator. The mixture was heated to 80°C and reacted for 2 hours. The solvent was then removed using a rotary evaporator to obtain the copolymer.

[0088] (2) Preparation of positive electrode sheet

[0089] The ternary cathode material NCM811, solid electrolyte Li6PS5Cl, styrene-butadiene rubber, and acetylene black were added to the solvent anisole in a mass ratio of 83:10:5:2. The mixture was dispersed at 2000 RPM for 10 minutes using a vortex mixer (AS ONE test tube shakers) to obtain a cathode slurry. The cathode slurry was then uniformly coated on both sides of an aluminum foil and dried at 80℃ to obtain a cathode sheet.

[0090] (3) Preparation of electrolyte layer

[0091] Solid electrolyte Li6PS5Cl and styrene-butadiene rubber were added to the solvent anisole at a mass ratio of 95:5. The mixture was dispersed at 2000 RPM for 10 min using a vortex mixer (AS ONE test tube shakers) to obtain an electrolyte slurry. The slurry was then uniformly coated onto a release film and dried at 80℃ to obtain an electrolyte layer.

[0092] (4) Preparation of negative electrode sheet

[0093] Silicon-carbon anode material (silicon content 40wt%), solid electrolyte Li6PS5Cl, styrene-butadiene rubber and acetylene black were added to the solvent anisole in a mass ratio of 83:10:5:2. Then the copolymer prepared in step (1) was added. The mixture was dispersed at 2000 RPM for 10 min using a vortex mixer (AS ONE test tube shakers) to obtain anode slurry. The anode slurry was uniformly coated on both sides of copper foil and then dried at 80℃ to obtain anode sheet (the copolymer content in the anode coating is 5wt%).

[0094] (5) Preparation of sulfide solid-state batteries

[0095] Cut the positive electrode sheet into 4.5×6cm pieces. 2 The negative electrode sheet is cut into 4.7×6.2cm pieces. 2 The electrolyte layer was cut to a size of 4.8 × 6.3 cm. 2 Solid-state batteries are obtained by stacking positive electrode, solid electrolyte layer and negative electrode. Then the solid-state batteries are placed in an isostatic press at 500MPa for 10min to form.

[0096] Example 2

[0097] This example provides a negative electrode sheet, which includes a filler. The filler is a random copolymer of fluorinated repeating units and ethoxylated repeating units. The molecular weight of the copolymer is about 3400, and the molar ratio of the fluorinated repeating units to the ethoxylated repeating units is 0.1:0.9. The structures of the fluorinated repeating units and the ethoxylated repeating units are the same as in Example 1.

[0098] This example also provides a solid-state battery, including a positive electrode, the aforementioned negative electrode, and an electrolyte layer. The preparation method of this solid-state battery is described in Example 1.

[0099] Example 3

[0100] This example provides a negative electrode sheet, which includes a filler. The filler is a random copolymer of fluorinated repeating units and ethoxylated repeating units. The molecular weight of the copolymer is about 3200, and the molar ratio of the fluorinated repeating units to the ethoxylated repeating units is 0.3:0.7. The structures of the fluorinated repeating units and the ethoxylated repeating units are the same as in Example 1.

[0101] This example also provides a solid-state battery, including a positive electrode, the aforementioned negative electrode, and an electrolyte layer. The preparation method of this solid-state battery is described in Example 1.

[0102] Example 4

[0103] This example provides a negative electrode sheet, which includes a filler. The filler is a random copolymer of fluorinated repeating units and ethoxylated repeating units. The molecular weight of the copolymer is about 3120, and the molar ratio of the fluorinated repeating units to the ethoxylated repeating units is 0.4:0.6. The structures of the fluorinated repeating units and the ethoxylated repeating units are the same as in Example 1.

[0104] This example also provides a solid-state battery, including a positive electrode, the aforementioned negative electrode, and an electrolyte layer. The preparation method of this solid-state battery is described in Example 1.

[0105] Example 5

[0106] This example provides a negative electrode sheet, which includes a filler. The filler is a random copolymer of fluorinated repeating units and ethoxylated repeating units. The molecular weight of the copolymer is about 3000, and the molar ratio of the fluorinated repeating units to the ethoxylated repeating units is 0.5:0.5. The structures of the fluorinated repeating units and the ethoxylated repeating units are the same as in Example 1.

[0107] This example also provides a solid-state battery, including a positive electrode, the aforementioned negative electrode, and an electrolyte layer. The preparation method of this solid-state battery is described in Example 1.

[0108] Example 6

[0109] This example provides a negative electrode sheet, which includes a filler. The filler is a random copolymer of fluorinated repeating units and ethoxylated repeating units. The molecular weight of the copolymer is 2920, and the molar ratio of the fluorinated repeating units to the ethoxylated repeating units is 0.6:0.4. The structures of the fluorinated repeating units and the ethoxylated repeating units are the same as in Example 1.

[0110] This example also provides a solid-state battery, including a positive electrode, the aforementioned negative electrode, and an electrolyte layer. The preparation method of this solid-state battery is described in Example 1.

[0111] Example 7

[0112] This example provides a negative electrode sheet and a solid-state battery. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the copolymer in the negative electrode coating accounts for 1 wt% of the mass.

[0113] Example 8

[0114] This example provides a negative electrode sheet and a solid-state battery. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the copolymer in the negative electrode coating accounts for 10 wt% of the mass.

[0115] Example 9

[0116] This example provides a positive electrode and a solid-state battery. The positive electrode includes a filler, which is the same as in Example 1.

[0117] The solid-state battery includes the aforementioned positive electrode, negative electrode, and electrolyte layer. The fabrication method of this solid-state battery is as follows:

[0118] (1) Prepare the copolymer, referring to Example 1;

[0119] (2) Preparation of positive electrode sheet

[0120] The ternary cathode material (NCM811), solid electrolyte Li6PS5Cl, styrene-butadiene rubber and acetylene black were added to the solvent anisole in a mass ratio of 83:10:5:2, and then the copolymer prepared in step (1) was added. The mixture was dispersed at 2000 RPM for 10 min using a vortex mixer (ASONE test tube shakers) to obtain a cathode slurry. The cathode slurry was uniformly coated on both sides of an aluminum foil and then dried at 80℃ to obtain a cathode sheet (the copolymer accounts for 5 wt% of the mass in the cathode coating).

[0121] (3) Preparation of electrolyte layer

[0122] Solid electrolyte Li6PS5Cl and styrene-butadiene rubber were added to the solvent anisole at a mass ratio of 95:5. The mixture was dispersed at 2000 RPM for 10 min using a vortex mixer (AS ONE test tube shakers) to obtain an electrolyte slurry. The slurry was then uniformly coated onto a release film and dried at 80℃ to obtain an electrolyte layer.

[0123] (4) Preparation of negative electrode sheet

[0124] Silicon-carbon anode material, solid electrolyte Li6PS5Cl, styrene-butadiene rubber, and acetylene black were added to the solvent anisole in a mass ratio of 83:10:5:2. The mixture was dispersed in a vortex mixer (AS ONE test tube shakers) at 2000 RPM for 10 min to obtain anode slurry. The anode slurry was then uniformly coated on both sides of a copper foil and dried at 80℃ to obtain anode sheet.

[0125] (5) Preparation of sulfide solid-state batteries

[0126] Cut the positive electrode sheet into 4.5×6cm pieces. 2 The negative electrode sheet is cut into 4.7×6.2cm pieces. 2 The electrolyte layer was cut to a size of 4.8 × 6.3 cm. 2 Solid-state batteries are obtained by stacking positive electrode, solid electrolyte layer and negative electrode. Then the solid-state batteries are placed in an isostatic press at 500MPa for 10min to form.

[0127] Example 10

[0128] This example provides an electrolyte layer and a solid-state battery. The electrolyte layer includes a filler, which is the same as in Example 1.

[0129] The solid-state battery fabrication method in this example is as follows:

[0130] (1) Prepare the copolymer, referring to Example 1;

[0131] (2) Preparation of positive electrode sheet

[0132] The ternary cathode material (NCM811), solid electrolyte Li6PS5Cl, styrene-butadiene rubber, and acetylene black were added to the solvent anisole in a mass ratio of 83:10:5:2. The mixture was dispersed in a vortex mixer (AS ONE test tube shakers) at 2000 RPM for 10 min to obtain a cathode slurry. The cathode slurry was then uniformly coated on both sides of an aluminum foil and dried at 80℃ to obtain a cathode sheet.

[0133] (3) Preparation of electrolyte layer

[0134] Solid electrolyte Li6PS5Cl and styrene-butadiene rubber were added to the solvent anisole at a mass ratio of 95:5. The copolymer prepared in step 1) was added, and the mixture was dispersed at 2000 RPM for 10 min using a vortex mixer (AS ONE test tube shakers) to obtain an electrolyte slurry. The slurry was uniformly coated onto a release film and then dried at 80℃ to obtain an electrolyte layer (in the electrolyte layer, the copolymer accounts for 5 wt% of the mass).

[0135] (4) Preparation of negative electrode sheet

[0136] Silicon-carbon anode material, solid electrolyte Li6PS5Cl, styrene-butadiene rubber, and acetylene black were added to the solvent anisole in a mass ratio of 82:10:5:2. The mixture was dispersed for 10 minutes at 2000 RPM using a vortex mixer (AS ONE test tube shakers) to obtain anode slurry. The anode slurry was then uniformly coated on both sides of a copper foil and dried at 80°C to obtain the anode sheet.

[0137] (5) Preparation of sulfide solid-state batteries

[0138] Cut the positive electrode sheet into 4.5×6cm pieces. 2 The negative electrode sheet is cut into 4.7×6.2cm pieces. 2 The electrolyte layer was cut to a size of 4.8 × 6.3 cm. 2 Solid-state batteries are obtained by stacking positive electrode, solid electrolyte layer and negative electrode. Then the solid-state batteries are placed in an isostatic press at 500MPa for 10min to form.

[0139] Example 11

[0140] This example provides a solid-state battery. Unlike Example 1, this example is assembled using the negative electrode sheet of Example 1, the positive electrode sheet of Example 7, and the electrolyte layer of Example 8.

[0141] Example 12

[0142] This example provides a solid-state battery, including a filler that acts as a binder. Specifically, the filler is a random copolymer of fluorinated repeating units and ethoxylated repeating units. The molecular weight of the copolymer is approximately 600,000, and the molar ratio of the fluorinated repeating units to the ethoxylated repeating units is 0.2:0.8. The structure of the fluorinated repeating units and the ethoxylated repeating units is the same as in Example 1.

[0143] The preparation method of solid-state batteries is as follows:

[0144] (1) Preparation of copolymers

[0145] monomer The copolymer was uniformly mixed in solvent N,N-dimethylformamide at a molar ratio of 2:8, and 0.5 wt% of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was added as an initiator. The mixture was heated to 80°C and reacted for 12 h. The solvent was then removed using a rotary evaporator to obtain the copolymer.

[0146] (2) Preparation of positive electrode sheet

[0147] The ternary cathode material NCM811, solid electrolyte Li6PS5Cl, copolymer and acetylene black were added to the solvent anisole in a mass ratio of 83:10:5:2. The mixture was dispersed at 2000 RPM for 10 min using a vortex mixer (AS ONE test tube shakers) to obtain a cathode slurry. The cathode slurry was then uniformly coated on both sides of an aluminum foil and dried at 80℃ to obtain a cathode sheet.

[0148] (5) Preparation of electrolyte layer

[0149] Solid electrolyte Li6PS5Cl and copolymer were added to solvent anisole at a mass ratio of 95:5. The mixture was dispersed at 2000 RPM for 10 min using a vortex mixer (AS ONE test tube shakers) to obtain an electrolyte slurry. The slurry was then uniformly coated onto a release film and dried at 80℃ to obtain an electrolyte layer.

[0150] (6) Preparation of negative electrode sheet

[0151] Silicon-carbon anode material (40wt% silicon), solid electrolyte Li6PS5Cl, copolymer and acetylene black were added to the solvent anisole in a mass ratio of 83:10:5:2. The mixture was dispersed at 2000 RPM for 10 min using a vortex mixer (AS ONE test tube shakers) to obtain anode slurry. The anode slurry was then uniformly coated on both sides of a copper foil and dried at 80℃ to obtain the anode sheet.

[0152] (5) Preparation of sulfide solid-state batteries

[0153] Cut the positive electrode sheet into 4.5×6cm pieces. 2 The negative electrode sheet is cut into 4.7×6.2cm pieces. 2 The electrolyte layer was cut to a size of 4.8 × 6.3 cm. 2 Solid-state batteries are obtained by stacking positive electrode, solid electrolyte layer and negative electrode. Then the solid-state batteries are placed in an isostatic press at 500MPa for 10min to form.

[0154] Example 13

[0155] This example provides a negative electrode and a solid-state battery, which differs from Example 1 in that the copolymer has a molecular weight of approximately 600.

[0156] Example 14

[0157] This example provides a negative electrode and a solid-state battery. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the molecular weight of the copolymer is approximately 10,000.

[0158] Example 15

[0159] This example provides a negative electrode and a solid-state battery. The difference between this example and Example 12 is that the molecular weight of the copolymer is approximately 100,000.

[0160] Example 16

[0161] This example provides a negative electrode and a solid-state battery. The difference between this example and Example 12 is that the molecular weight of the copolymer is approximately 2,000,000.

[0162] Example 17

[0163] This example provides a negative electrode and a solid-state battery. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that:

[0164] Fluorine-containing repeating unit: Contains ethoxy repeating units: The molar ratio of fluorinated repeating units to ethoxylated repeating units is 0.2:0.8, and the molecular weight of the copolymer is approximately 3000.

[0165] Example 18

[0166] This example provides a negative electrode and a solid-state battery. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that:

[0167] Fluorine-containing repeating unit: Contains ethoxy repeating units: The molar ratio of fluorinated repeating units to ethoxylated repeating units is 0.2:0.8, and the molecular weight of the copolymer is approximately 3100.

[0168] Example 19

[0169] This example provides a negative electrode and a solid-state battery. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that:

[0170] Fluorine-containing repeating unit: Contains ethoxy repeating units: The molar ratio of fluorinated repeating units to ethoxylated repeating units is 0.2:0.8, and the molecular weight of the copolymer is approximately 3330.

[0171] Example 20

[0172] This example provides a negative electrode and a solid-state battery. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that:

[0173] Fluorine-containing repeating unit: Contains ethoxy repeating units: The molar ratio of fluorinated repeating units to ethoxylated repeating units is 0.2:0.8, and the molecular weight of the copolymer is approximately 3100.

[0174] Example 21

[0175] This example provides a solid-state battery. The difference between this example and Example 1 is as follows: Step (4) Preparation of the negative electrode sheet: The copolymer is dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone, and silicon-carbon negative electrode material (silicon content 40wt%) is added. It is dispersed at 2000RPM for 30min using a vortex mixer (AS ONE test tube shakers), and then dried at 80℃ to obtain copolymer-coated silicon-carbon negative electrode material (the copolymer content in the silicon-carbon negative electrode material is 6wt%). The above copolymer-coated silicon-carbon negative electrode material, solid electrolyte Li6PS5Cl, styrene-butadiene rubber and acetylene black are added to the solvent anisole at a mass ratio of 83:10:5:2. It is dispersed at 2000RPM for 10min using a vortex mixer (AS ONE test tube shakers) to obtain a negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry is uniformly coated on both sides of the copper foil, and then dried at 80℃ to obtain a negative electrode sheet (the copolymer content in the negative electrode coating is 5wt%).

[0176] Comparative Example 1

[0177] This example provides a negative electrode and a solid-state battery. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the structural formula of the filler polymer is: The molecular weight is approximately 3050.

[0178] Comparative Example 2

[0179] This example provides a negative electrode and a solid-state battery. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the structural formula of the filler polymer is: The molecular weight is approximately 3150.

[0180] Comparative Example 3

[0181] This example provides a negative electrode and a solid-state battery. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the copolymer is not added to the battery.

[0182] Comparative Example 4

[0183] This example provides a negative electrode and a solid-state battery. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the filler copolymer is replaced with:

[0184] The mixture (with molecular weights of 3050 and 3150 respectively) has a mass ratio of 1:4 for the two polymers.

[0185] Related tests:

[0186] Solid-state battery performance testing

[0187] Five batteries from each of the embodiments and comparative examples were taken and tested on a LAND CT 2001C secondary battery performance testing device at a test pressure of 5 MPa and 25°C. The batteries were then subjected to three charge-discharge cycles at 0.1C, followed by a cyclic test at 0.5C. The steps were as follows: rest for 10 minutes; charge at a constant current of 0.1C to 4.2V (cutoff); rest for 10 minutes; discharge at a constant current of 0.1C to 2.5V, repeating this process three times. The discharge capacity of the first cycle was taken as the 0.1C discharge capacity. Afterward, the cycle was repeated: rest for 10 minutes; charge at a constant current of 0.5C to 4.2V (cutoff); rest for 10 minutes; discharge at a constant current of 0.5C to 2.5V, constituting one cycle. Repeat this step. During the cycle, when the battery capacity is lower than 80% of the initial discharge capacity, the cycle is terminated. The number of cycles is the cycle life of the battery. Take the average value of each group. Take the ratio of the capacity of the second charge at 0.5C to the capacity of the first charge at 0.1C as the 0.5C / 0.1C capacity retention rate. See Table 1 for the test results.

[0188] Table 1:

[0189] Group 0.1C discharge capacity (mAh / g) Capacity retention rate at 0.5C / 0.1C (%) 0.5C cycle number Example 1 194 82 213 Example 2 178 68 181 Example 3 192 80 206 Example 4 184 73 190 Example 5 176 66 176 Example 6 94 39 84 Example 7 153 55 150 Example 8 138 51 137 Example 9 190 78 202 Example 10 180 70 184 Example 11 196 84 219 Example 12 182 72 186 Example 13 196 85 222 Example 14 180 70 182 Example 15 183 73 188 Example 16 170 63 159 Example 17 191 77 200 Example 18 193 80 207 Example 19 195 82 214 Example 20 188 76 196 Example 21 193 83 215 Comparative Example 1 82 30 60 Comparative Example 2 74 26 51 Comparative Example 3 56 18 40 Comparative Example 4 84 32 65

[0190] As shown in Table 1, compared to the comparative example, the solid-state battery of the embodiment has a higher 0.1C discharge capacity and better cycle life and rate performance. Furthermore, compared to Examples 5-6, Examples 1-4, by rationally proportioning the molar ratio of fluorine-containing repeating units and ethoxy-containing repeating units, can further improve the cycle life and rate performance of the solid-state battery.

[0191] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery element, characterized in that, The product includes a filler, the filler comprising a copolymer, the copolymer comprising fluorinated repeating units and ethoxylated repeating units.

2. The battery element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluorine-containing repeating unit includes the structure shown in Formula 1 and / or Formula 2: In Formula 1, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently one of hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, and R1, R2, R3, and R4 contain at least one fluorine atom. In Formula 2, R5 is one of hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy; R6 is -O- or -NH-; and R7 is C1-C... 20 Fluorinated straight-chain alkyl or C1-C 20 Fluorinated branched alkyl groups.

3. The battery element according to claim 2, characterized in that, In Formula 1, the substituent groups in the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl groups and the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy groups are each independently selected from one of halogen, carbonyl, cyano, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 alkyl groups; in Formula 2, the substituent groups in the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl groups and the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy groups are each independently selected from one of halogen, carbonyl, cyano, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 alkyl groups.

4. The battery element according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The ethoxy-containing repeating unit includes the structure shown in Formula 3 and / or Formula 4: In Formula 4, R8 is one of hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, R9 is -O- or -NH-, and e is an integer between 2 and 50.

5. The battery element according to claim 4, characterized in that, In Formula 4, the substituent groups in the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl groups and the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy groups are each independently selected from one of halogen, carbonyl, cyano, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 alkyl groups.

6. The battery element according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The fluorinated repeating unit comprises at least one structure shown in Formulas 5 to 9, and / or the ethoxylated repeating unit comprises the structure shown in Formula 10:

7. The battery element according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The molar ratio of the fluorine-containing repeating unit to the ethoxy-containing repeating unit is 0.1-0.4:0.6-0.

9.

8. The battery element according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The copolymer has a molecular weight of 600-10000 Da.

9. The battery element according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The copolymer is used as a binder, and the molecular weight of the copolymer is 100,000-2,000,000 Da.

10. The battery element according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The battery element is at least one of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte layer.

11. The battery element according to claim 10, characterized in that, The battery element is a negative electrode sheet, which includes a current collector and a negative electrode coating disposed on the current collector. The negative electrode coating includes the filler. The copolymer accounts for 1-10 wt% of the mass of the negative electrode coating.

12. The battery element according to claim 11, characterized in that, The negative electrode coating includes a negative electrode active material and a first solid electrolyte, and the copolymer coats at least a portion of the surface of the negative electrode active material and / or the first solid electrolyte.

13. The battery element according to claim 10, characterized in that, The battery element is a positive electrode sheet, which includes a current collector and a positive electrode coating disposed on the current collector. The positive electrode coating includes the filler. The copolymer accounts for 1-10 wt% of the mass of the positive electrode coating.

14. The battery element according to claim 13, characterized in that, The positive electrode coating includes a positive electrode active material and a second solid electrolyte, and the copolymer coats at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode active material and / or the second solid electrolyte.

15. The battery element according to claim 10, characterized in that, The battery element is an electrolyte layer; the copolymer accounts for 1-10 wt% of the mass of the electrolyte layer.

16. The battery element according to claim 15, characterized in that, The electrolyte layer includes a third solid electrolyte, and the copolymer coats at least a portion of the surface of the third solid electrolyte.

17. A solid-state battery, characterized in that, Includes the battery element as described in any one of claims 1-16.

18. A battery pack, characterized in that, Includes the solid-state battery as described in claim 17.

19. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Includes the solid-state battery of claim 17 or the battery pack of claim 18.

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