Solar cell module and solar cell
By setting passivation sections containing hydroxyl groups and benzene rings between the transport layers of solar cells, the interface problem of solar cells is solved, the interface stability and photoelectric conversion efficiency are improved, and the stability and lifespan of the device are enhanced.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
AI Technical Summary
Problems exist at the interfaces of various film layers in existing solar cells, which hinder further improvements in solar cell performance.
A passivation section is provided between the first and second transport layers of a solar cell. The material structure of the passivation section includes hydroxyl groups and benzene rings. It interacts with free ions or halogen vacancies on the surface of the active layer by forming coordination bonds or hydrogen bonds, and interacts with organic cations by combining π-π stacking, thereby improving the interface stability.
Effective passivation of surface defect states in the active layer improves the interfacial stability and photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells, thereby enhancing the operational stability and lifespan of the device.
Smart Images
Figure CN121751880A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of solar cell technology, specifically to a solar cell module and a solar cell. Background Technology
[0002] The development of semiconductor technology plays a crucial role in the advancement of the electronics industry. Perovskite, as a novel semiconductor, possesses numerous advantages, including long carrier diffusion lengths, high defect tolerance, tunable band gaps, and large absorption coefficients. Compared to traditional organic and inorganic semiconductors, perovskite preparation processes are simpler and less expensive, giving it a significant advantage in the semiconductor field. To date, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has exceeded 26%, and the time-to-hour (T95) has surpassed 1,000 hours. Furthermore, it has been researched and applied in light-emitting diodes, detectors, and lasers. As an emerging semiconductor material, perovskite has demonstrated enormous potential.
[0003] Solar cells represent a pathway to achieving green and low-carbon energy. Perovskite solar cells, with their advantages of high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low cost, and environmentally friendly materials, are gradually becoming a popular type of solar cell and a key development direction for the solar cell industry.
[0004] Currently, some issues still exist at the interfaces between the various film layers of solar cells, which affect the further improvement of solar cell performance. Summary of the Invention
[0005] This application provides a solar cell module and a solar cell, which aim to improve the interface defect problem of solar cells.
[0006] The first aspect of this application provides a solar cell module, which includes: a first transport layer, an active layer, and a second transport layer stacked sequentially; and a passivation portion located between the first transport layer and the second transport layer, wherein the material structure of the passivation portion includes hydroxyl groups and benzene rings.
[0007] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the material of the passivation portion includes phenylpropanoid compounds having hydroxyl groups and benzene rings.
[0008] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the material of the passivation portion includes trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside.
[0009] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of this application, a solar cell module includes a first passivation layer, and at least a portion of the passivation portion is located in the first passivation layer; The first passivation layer is located between the active layer and the first transport layer, or the first passivation layer is located between the active layer and the second transport layer.
[0010] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the thickness of the first passivation layer is 0.1 nm to 10 nm.
[0011] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the solar cell module further includes a second passivation layer; the first passivation layer is located between the active layer and the first transport layer, and the second passivation layer is located between the active layer and the second transport layer, or the first passivation layer is located between the active layer and the second transport layer, and the second passivation layer is located between the active layer and the first transport layer.
[0012] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of this application, a portion of the passivation portion is located in the first passivation layer, and a portion of the passivation portion is located in the second passivation layer.
[0013] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the first passivation layer and the second passivation layer are made of the same material, or the first passivation layer and the second passivation layer are made of different materials.
[0014] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the thickness of the second passivation layer is 0.1 nm to 10 nm.
[0015] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the passivation portion is located within the active layer.
[0016] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the passivation portion includes a plurality of passivation particles, which are distributed at intervals.
[0017] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the material structure of the passivation portion includes carbon-carbon double bonds.
[0018] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the material structure of the passivation portion includes trans double bonds.
[0019] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the material structure of the passivation portion includes phenylpropene group.
[0020] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the active layer comprises a perovskite material.
[0021] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the solar cell module further includes: a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer, wherein the first electrode layer is located on the side of the first transport layer opposite to the active layer, and the second electrode layer is located on the side of the second transport layer opposite to the active layer.
[0022] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the first electrode layer is a positive electrode, the first transport layer is a hole transport layer, the second transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the second electrode layer is a negative electrode.
[0023] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the solar cell module further includes: an auxiliary functional layer located between the second transport layer and the second electrode layer.
[0024] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the material of the auxiliary functional layer includes organic materials or inorganic materials.
[0025] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the material of the auxiliary functional layer includes at least one of small organic molecules, BCP, TPBI, SnO2, LiF, MgF2, and organometallic salts.
[0026] An embodiment of the second aspect of this application provides a solar cell that includes a solar cell module according to any of the above embodiments.
[0027] According to an embodiment of this application, a solar cell module includes a first transport layer, an active layer, and a second transport layer stacked together. The first transport layer, active layer, and second transport layer realize the photoelectric conversion function of the solar cell. A passivation portion is disposed between the first transport layer and the second transport layer, and the structure of the passivation portion includes hydroxyl groups and benzene rings. The hydroxyl groups of the passivation portion can form coordination bonds or hydrogen bonds with uncoordinated free ions or halogen vacancies on the surface of the active layer, reducing vacant ions on the surface of the active layer, achieving passivation of the surface of the active layer, and suppressing defect states on the surface of the active layer. The benzene rings of the passivation portion can interact with organic cations on the surface of the active layer through π-π stacking, achieving passivation of the surface of the active layer, and improving the interfacial stability between the active layer and the first transport layer or between the active layer and the second transport layer. Attached Figure Description
[0028] Other features, objects, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar features, and the drawings are not drawn to scale.
[0029] Figure 1 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in another embodiment; Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in yet another embodiment; Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in another embodiment; Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in another embodiment; Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in another embodiment; Figure 7 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in another embodiment; Figure 8 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in another embodiment; Figure 9 This is a normalized photoelectric conversion efficiency-time curve of a solar cell module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in another embodiment.
[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10. Solar cell module; 11. Transparent substrate; 100. First electrode layer; 200. First Transport Layer; 300, passivation section; 301, passivation particle; 310, first passivation layer; 320, second passivation layer; 400, Active layer; 500, Second Transport Layer; 600, Second electrode layer; 700, Auxiliary Function Layer; Detailed Implementation
[0031] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of this application will now be described in detail. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only configured to explain this application and are not configured to limit this application. For those skilled in the art, this application can be implemented without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely to provide a better understanding of this application by illustrating examples of this application.
[0032] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.
[0033] It should be understood that when describing the structure of a component, when referring to a layer or region as being "above" or "on top of" another layer or region, it can mean that it is directly above the other layer or region, or that it contains other layers or regions between it and the other layer or region. Furthermore, if the component is flipped over, that layer or region will be located "below" or "under" the other layer or region.
[0034] This application provides a solar cell module and a solar cell. The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will illustrate various embodiments of the solar cell module and the solar cell.
[0035] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, a first aspect embodiment of this application provides a solar cell module 10, which includes: a first transport layer 200, an active layer 400 and a second transport layer 500 stacked sequentially; and a passivation portion 300 located between the first transport layer 200 and the second transport layer 500, wherein the material structure of the passivation portion 300 includes hydroxyl groups and benzene rings.
[0037] According to an embodiment of this application, a solar cell module 10 includes a first transport layer 200, an active layer 400, and a second transport layer 500 stacked together. The first transport layer 200, the active layer 400, and the second transport layer 500 realize the photoelectric conversion function of the solar cell. A passivation portion 300 is disposed between the first transport layer 200 and the second transport layer 500, and the structure of the passivation portion 300 includes hydroxyl groups and benzene rings. The hydroxyl groups of the passivation portion 300 can form coordination bonds or hydrogen bonds with uncoordinated free ions or halogen vacancies on the surface of the active layer 400, reducing vacant ions on the surface of the active layer 400, achieving passivation of the surface of the active layer 400, and suppressing defect states on the surface of the active layer 400. The benzene rings of the passivation portion 300 can interact with organic cations on the surface of the active layer 400 through π-π stacking, achieving passivation of the surface of the active layer 400, and improving the interfacial stability between the active layer 400 and the first transport layer 200 or the active layer 400 and the second transport layer 500.
[0038] π-π stacking is a non-covalent interaction between aromatic compound molecules through complementary electron clouds, and its strength is comparable to that of hydrogen bonds (1 kJ·mol⁻¹). -1 ~50 kJ·mol -1 It is mainly composed of two stacking methods: misaligned face-to-face (F-type) and edge-to-face (T-type). The T-type is often more stable because the aromatic ring hydrogen forms weak hydrogen bonds with the π electron cloud.
[0039] Optionally, the material of the passivation portion 300 includes phenylpropanoid compounds having hydroxyl groups and benzene rings. For example, the material of the passivation portion 300 includes trans-cinnamicyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside. Optionally, the material of the passivation portion 300 includes other cinnamic acid derivatives of O-β-D-glucopyranoside, such as salvianolic acid compounds.
[0040] In these optional embodiments, the hydroxyl groups of trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside can form coordination bonds or hydrogen bonds with uncoordinated free ions or halogen vacancies on the surface of the active layer 400, reducing vacant ions on the surface of the active layer 400, thereby passivating the surface of the active layer 400 and suppressing defect states on the surface of the active layer 400. The benzene ring of trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside can interact with organic cations on the surface of the active layer 400 through π-π stacking, thereby passivating the surface of the active layer 400 and improving the interfacial stability between the active layer 400 and the first transport layer 200 or between the active layer 400 and the second transport layer 500. Trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside is an extract of natural rosin resin. Natural products require no additional synthetic steps, resulting in lower costs compared to synthetic products, and are also more environmentally friendly. The hydrophobicity of the styrene-propenyl group in trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside can locally block moisture penetration, improving operational stability in air. The double bond in trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside has antioxidant capacity, which further improves the operational stability of the solar cell module 10 in air.
[0041] trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside has the following structural formula: Trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a thermomeltable molecule with a melting point of 75℃-81℃. It softens when it approaches its melting point and turns into a liquid when it exceeds its melting point.
[0042] Trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside has self-healing capabilities: when the actual operating temperature of the solar cell module 10 exceeds the melting point or the solar cell module 10 is not operating (e.g., at night or in the morning, dusk, or on a cloudy or rainy day when the light intensity is low), the solar cell module 10 can be artificially heated to a temperature above the melting point of trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside (e.g., between 80℃ and 150℃). The trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside will then be converted into a liquid state and flow to the newly formed defect sites to achieve dynamic passivation, thereby restoring the degraded conversion efficiency and improving the stability of the solar cell module 10.
[0043] Trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside has the ability to improve interfacial contact: its hot-melting properties help trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside to more evenly cover the surface of the active layer 400 during annealing, reducing pinholes and improving the density of the passivation part 300. At the same time, since trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside has a certain ability to isolate water and oxygen, it can further improve the long-term operational stability of the solar cell module 10.
[0044] Trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside has stress buffering capacity: the active layer 400 is prone to stress due to lattice mismatch during thermal cycling, and the softened passivation part 300 can absorb some of the mechanical stress, reducing the possibility of cracking of the film layer of the solar cell module 10.
[0045] Optionally, the active layer 400 may be made of perovskite material, and the perovskite active layer 400 may have the general chemical formula ABX3, wherein A is a monovalent metal cation or organic cation, and may be selected from at least one of CH3NH3, C4H9NH3, NH2=CHNH2, and Cs; B is a divalent metal cation, and may be selected from at least one of Pb and Sn; X - It is a monovalent anion, which can be selected from Cl. - ,Br - or I - Halogen ions, SCN The perovskite active layer contains at least one or more pseudohalogen ions, such as multiple X ions, whose total proportions satisfy the general chemical formula for the composition of the perovskite active layer. Examples include one or more of CsPbI3, CsPbI2Br, CsPbIBr2, CsPbBr3, and CsSnI3, or organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, such as MAPb(Br) x I 1-x 3. FAPb(Br) x I 1-x 3. FA 1-y MA y Pb(Br x I 1-x One or more of the three, or a multi-component organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite, such as Cs z FA 1-z Pb(Br x I 1-x 3. Cs z FA 1-y-z MA y Pb(Br x I 1-x One or more of the following 3, where 0≤x, y, z≤1.
[0046] Specifically, the hydroxyl groups of the passivation portion 300 can interact with the uncoordinated Pb on the surface of the active layer 400.2+ or I - By forming coordination bonds or hydrogen bonds, the number of vacant ions on the surface of the active layer 400 is reduced, thus passivating the surface of the active layer 400 and suppressing defect states on the surface of the active layer 400. The benzene rings of the passivation part 300 can be stacked with the MA on the surface of the active layer 400 through π-π deposition. + FA + Through these interactions, passivation of the surface of the active layer 400 is achieved, improving the interface stability between the active layer 400 and the first transport layer 200 or between the active layer 400 and the second transport layer 500.
[0047] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in another embodiment.
[0048] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the solar cell module 10 includes a first passivation layer 310, and at least a portion of the passivation portion 300 is located in the first passivation layer 310; the first passivation layer 310 is located between the active layer 400 and the first transport layer 200, or the first passivation layer 310 is located between the active layer 400 and the second transport layer 500. When the passivation portion 300 is located in the first passivation layer 310, that is, the material of the first passivation layer 310 includes the same material as the passivation portion 300, and the material of the passivation portion 300 can be dispersed at various positions in the first passivation layer 310, for example, the passivation portion 300 includes a plurality of spaced particles or molecules. The material structure of the passivation portion 300 includes hydroxyl groups and benzene rings, which is equivalent to the material structure of the first passivation layer 310 including hydroxyl groups and benzene rings.
[0049] In these optional embodiments, at least a portion of the passivation portion 300 is located in the first passivation layer 310, i.e., the material structure of the first passivation layer 310 includes hydroxyl groups and benzene rings, and the first passivation layer 310 serves as an interface passivating agent for the active layer 400. The first passivation layer 310 is disposed between the active layer 400 and the first transport layer 200, or between the active layer 400 and the second transport layer 500. The hydroxyl groups of the first passivation layer 310 can form coordination bonds or hydrogen bonds with uncoordinated free ions or halogen vacancies on the surface of the active layer 400, reducing vacant ions on the surface of the active layer 400, achieving passivation of the surface of the active layer 400, and suppressing defect states on the surface of the active layer 400. The benzene rings of the first passivation layer 310 can interact with organic cations on the surface of the active layer 400 through π-π stacking, achieving passivation of the surface of the active layer 400, and improving the interfacial stability between the active layer 400 and the first transport layer 200, or between the active layer 400 and the second transport layer 500. Optionally, the first passivation layer 310 is prepared on the active layer 400 or the first transport layer 200 by a solution preparation method (spin coating, doctor blade coating, slot coating, spray coating, inkjet printing, screen printing, etc.).
[0050] In some optional embodiments, the thickness of the first passivation layer 310 is 0.1 nm to 10 nm. For example, the thickness of the first passivation layer 310 is 0.1 nm, 0.2 nm, 0.6 nm, 1 nm, 2.1 nm, 4.5 nm, 5 nm, 6.5 nm, 8 nm, 10 nm, etc.
[0051] In these optional embodiments, the thickness of the first passivation layer 310 is greater than or equal to 0.1 nm, which can improve the problem that the fabrication of the first passivation layer 310 is difficult due to its small thickness. The thickness of the first passivation layer 310 is less than or equal to 10 nm, which can improve the problem that the first passivation layer 310 is an insulating layer and cannot realize the device function of the solar cell module 10 because the thickness of the first passivation layer 310 is too large, which prevents charge carriers from undergoing quantum tunneling (i.e., the quantum behavior of charge carriers and other microscopic particles being able to penetrate or pass through the potential barrier).
[0052] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in yet another embodiment; Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in another embodiment.
[0053] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in some optional embodiments, the solar cell module 10 further includes a second passivation layer 320; the first passivation layer 310 is located between the active layer 400 and the first transport layer 200, and the second passivation layer 320 is located between the active layer 400 and the second transport layer 500, or the first passivation layer 310 is located between the active layer 400 and the second transport layer 500, and the second passivation layer 320 is located between the active layer 400 and the first transport layer 200. When the passivation portion 300 is located in the second passivation layer 320, that is, the material of the second passivation layer 320 includes the same material as the passivation portion 300, the material of the passivation portion 300 can be dispersed at various positions in the second passivation layer 320, for example, the passivation portion 300 includes a plurality of spaced particles or molecules. The material structure of the passivation portion 300 includes hydroxyl groups and benzene rings, which is equivalent to the material structure of the second passivation layer 320 including hydroxyl groups and benzene rings.
[0054] In these optional embodiments, a first passivation layer 310 and a second passivation layer 320 are respectively provided on both sides of the active layer 400. The first passivation layer 310 and the second passivation layer 320 passivate the surfaces on both sides of the active layer 400, improve the passivation effect of the active layer 400, further reduce the interface defects of the solar cell module 10, and improve the interface stability of the solar cell module 10.
[0055] In some alternative embodiments, a portion of the passivation portion 300 is located in the first passivation layer 310, and a portion of the passivation portion 300 is located in the second passivation layer 320.
[0056] In these optional embodiments, the material structure of the first passivation layer 310 and the second passivation layer 320 includes hydroxyl groups and benzene rings. The first passivation layer 310 and the second passivation layer 320 are respectively disposed between the active layer 400 and the first transport layer 200, and between the active layer 400 and the second transport layer 500. The hydroxyl groups of the first passivation layer 310 and the second passivation layer 320 can form coordination bonds or hydrogen bonds with uncoordinated free ions or halogen vacancies on the surface of the active layer 400, reducing the number of vacant ions on the surface of the active layer 400, achieving passivation of the surface of the active layer 400, and suppressing defect states on the surface of the active layer 400. The benzene rings of the first passivation layer 310 and the second passivation layer 320 can interact with organic cations on the surface of the active layer 400 through π-π stacking, achieving passivation of the surface of the active layer 400, and improving the interfacial stability between the active layer 400 and the first transport layer 200, and between the active layer 400 and the second transport layer 500.
[0057] In some alternative embodiments, the first passivation layer 310 and the second passivation layer 320 are made of the same material.
[0058] In these optional embodiments, the first passivation layer 310 and the second passivation layer 320 are made of the same material, that is, the material structure of the first passivation layer 310 and the second passivation layer 320 includes hydroxyl groups and benzene rings. The first passivation layer 310 and the second passivation layer 320 are respectively disposed between the active layer 400 and the first transport layer 200, and between the active layer 400 and the second transport layer 500. The hydroxyl groups of the first passivation layer 310 and the second passivation layer 320 can form coordination bonds or hydrogen bonds with uncoordinated free ions or halogen vacancies on the surface of the active layer 400, thereby reducing the number of vacant ions on the surface of the active layer 400, achieving passivation of the surface of the active layer 400, and suppressing defect states on the surface of the active layer 400. The benzene rings of the first passivation layer 310 and the second passivation layer 320 can interact with the organic cations on the surface of the active layer 400 through π-π stacking, thereby passivating the surface of the active layer 400 and improving the interfacial stability between the active layer 400 and the first transport layer 200, and the active layer 400 and the second transport layer 500.
[0059] Optionally, the first passivation layer 310 and the second passivation layer 320 may be made of different materials. For example, the material structure of the first passivation layer 310 may include hydroxyl groups and benzene rings, while the material structure of the second passivation layer 320 may also include hydroxyl groups and benzene rings. The first passivation layer 310 and the second passivation layer 320 have different passivation effects and work together to further improve the interfacial stability between the active layer 400 and the first transport layer 200, and between the active layer 400 and the second transport layer 500.
[0060] In some optional embodiments, the thickness of the second passivation layer 320 is 0.1 nm to 10 nm. For example, the thickness of the second passivation layer 320 is 0.1 nm, 0.2 nm, 0.6 nm, 1 nm, 2.1 nm, 4.5 nm, 5 nm, 6.5 nm, 8 nm, 10 nm, etc.
[0061] In these optional embodiments, the thickness of the second passivation layer 320 is greater than or equal to 0.1 nm, which can improve the problem that the fabrication of the second passivation layer 320 is difficult due to its small thickness. The thickness of the second passivation layer 320 is less than or equal to 10 nm, which can improve the problem that the second passivation layer 320 is an insulating layer and cannot realize the device function of the solar cell module 10 because the thickness of the second passivation layer 320 is too large, which prevents charge carriers from undergoing quantum tunneling (i.e., the quantum behavior of charge carriers and other microscopic particles being able to penetrate or pass through the potential barrier).
[0062] Optionally, the first passivation layer 310 is located between the first transport layer 200 and the active layer 400, and the second passivation layer 320 is located between the active layer 400 and the second transport layer 500. The first passivation layer 310 and the second passivation layer 320 are made of different materials.
[0063] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in another embodiment.
[0064] like Figure 5 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the passivation portion 300 is located within the active layer 400. When the passivation portion 300 is located within the active layer 400, that is, the material of the active layer 400 includes the same material as the passivation portion 300, the material of the passivation portion 300 can be dispersed at various locations within the active layer 400, for example, the passivation portion 300 includes multiple spaced particles or molecules. The material structure of the passivation portion 300 includes hydroxyl groups and benzene rings, which corresponds to the material structure of the active layer 400 including hydroxyl groups and benzene rings.
[0065] In these optional embodiments, a passivation portion 300 is provided within the active layer 400. That is, the material structure of the active layer 400 includes hydroxyl groups and benzene rings, and the passivation portion 300 serves as a bulk passivating agent for the active layer 400. The hydroxyl groups of the active layer 400 can form coordination bonds or hydrogen bonds with uncoordinated free ions or halogen vacancies on the surface of the active layer 400, reducing vacant ions on the surface of the active layer 400, achieving passivation of the surface of the active layer 400, and suppressing defect states on the surface of the active layer 400. The benzene rings of the first passivation layer 310 can interact with organic cations on the surface of the active layer 400 through π-π stacking, achieving passivation of the surface of the active layer 400, and improving the interfacial stability between the active layer 400 and the first transport layer 200 or the active layer 400 and the second transport layer 500. To ensure that the material structure of the active layer 400 includes hydroxyl groups and benzene rings, a passivating agent is added to the precursor solution of the active layer 400. For example, trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside is added to the precursor solution of the active layer 400. The concentration of trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside is 0.01 mg / mL to 1000 mg / mL, for example, the concentration of trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside is 0.01 mg / mL, 0.05 mg / mL, 0.1 mg / mL, 0.5 mg / mL, 1 mg / mL, 5 mg / mL, 10 mg / mL, 50 mg / mL, 500 mg / mL, and 1000 mg / mL.
[0066] In some alternative embodiments, the passivation portion 300 includes a plurality of passivation particles 301, which are spaced apart.
[0067] In these optional embodiments, the hydroxyl groups of the multiple passivation particles 301 have a large contact area with the active layer 400, which facilitates the formation of coordination bonds or hydrogen bonds with uncoordinated free ions or halogen vacancies on the surface of the active layer 400, reduces vacant ions on the surface of the active layer 400, achieves passivation of the surface of the active layer 400, and suppresses defect states on the surface of the active layer 400; it also facilitates the interaction with organic cations on the surface of the active layer 400 through π-π stacking, thereby achieving passivation of the surface of the active layer 400 and improving the interfacial stability between the active layer 400 and the first transport layer 200 or between the active layer 400 and the second transport layer 500.
[0068] Please see Figures 6 to 8 , Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in another embodiment; Figure 7 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in another embodiment; Figure 8 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in another embodiment.
[0069] like Figures 6 to 8 As shown, optionally, both the first passivation layer 310 and the active layer 400 include passivation portions 300. Optionally, the first passivation layer 310, the second passivation layer 320, and the active layer 400 all include passivation portions 300. Optionally, the passivation portions 300 in the active layer 400 are in contact with the passivation portions 300 in the first passivation layer 310.
[0070] Please refer to the following: Figure 9 And Table 1, Figure 9 Table 1 shows the normalized light conversion efficiency-time curve of a solar cell module provided in this application embodiment; Table 1 compares the characteristics of solar cell devices in this application embodiment and comparative examples.
[0071] Table 1 like Figure 9 As shown in Table 1, Voc is the device open-circuit voltage, Jsc is the short-circuit current density, FF is the fill factor, and PCE is the photoelectric conversion efficiency. It can be seen that in Example 1 of this application, the passivation portion 300 containing trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside is disposed within the active layer 400. Compared to the comparative example where the solar cell module 10 is not passivated, the device open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density are significantly improved, and the device efficiency is significantly improved. Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9The embodiment described above is the passivation treatment in Embodiment 1 where the passivation portion 300 is located within the active layer 400. The unencapsulated solar cell module 10 is tested under standard sunlight irradiation to show the decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module 10 relative to the initial efficiency over time. Heating and maintaining the device at regular intervals to repair it can improve device stability, and after heat repair, the device (such as...) Figure 9 The efficiency of the embodiment (in this case) showed a significant recovery, while that of the comparative embodiment decreased. Specifically, the device was heated to 85°C and held for 10 minutes every 100 hours for thermal repair. It is evident that the device stability of the solar cell module 10 in the embodiment was significantly improved compared to the comparative embodiment; furthermore, the device efficiency of the embodiment showed a significant recovery after thermal repair, while that of the comparative embodiment decreased.
[0072] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the material structure of the passivation portion 300 includes carbon-carbon double bonds.
[0073] In these optional embodiments, the carbon-carbon double bonds in the passivation portion 300 have antioxidant capabilities, further improving the operational stability of the solar cell module 10 in air. Optionally, the material structure of the passivation portion 300 includes trans double bonds.
[0074] In some alternative embodiments, the material structure of the passivation portion 300 includes styrene-propylene group.
[0075] In these alternative embodiments, the hydrophobicity of the styrene groups in the passivation portion 300 can locally block moisture penetration, thereby improving operational stability in air.
[0076] In some optional embodiments, the solar cell module 10 further includes a first electrode layer 100 and a second electrode layer 600, wherein the first electrode layer 100 is located on the side of the first transport layer 200 away from the active layer 400, and the second electrode layer 600 is located on the side of the second transport layer 500 away from the active layer 400.
[0077] Optionally, the first electrode layer 100 is the positive electrode, the first transport layer 200 is the hole transport layer, the second transport layer 500 is the electron transport layer, and the second electrode layer 600 is the negative electrode.
[0078] In these alternative embodiments, when the solar cell module 10 is exposed to sunlight, the active layer 400 absorbs photons and generates electrons. Hole pairs. Due to the difference in exciton binding energy of the active layer 400 material, these charge carriers either become free charge carriers or form excitons. Moreover, because these active layer 400 materials often have a low carrier recombination probability and a high carrier mobility, the carrier diffusion distance and lifetime are relatively long. Then, these unrecombined electrons and holes are collected by the electron transport layer and hole transport layer, respectively. That is, electrons are transported from the active layer 400 to the electron transport layer and finally absorbed by the first electrode layer 100 or the second electrode layer 600; holes are transported from the perovskite layer to the hole transport layer and finally collected by the first electrode layer 100 or the second electrode layer 600. Photocurrent is realized by connecting the first electrode layer 100 to the first electrode layer 600. If the first transport layer 200 is a hole transport layer and the second transport layer 500 is an electron transport layer, then electrons are transported from the active layer 400 to the second transport layer 500 and finally collected by the second electrode layer 600.
[0079] Optionally, the solar cell module 10 also includes a transparent substrate 11, which is located on the side of the first transport layer 200 away from the active layer 400, and the solar cell module 10 is an inverted solar cell module 10.
[0080] Optionally, the transparent substrate 11 is located on the side of the first transport layer 200 away from the active layer 400. The first transport layer 200 is an electron transport layer, the second transport layer 500 is a hole transport layer, and the solar cell module 10 is a solar cell module 10 with a formal structure.
[0081] Optionally, the material of the first transport layer 200 includes one or more of the following: n-type inorganic semiconductor materials such as TiO2, SnO2, ZnO, ZnS, and Cu(SCN)2; fullerene derivatives such as C60, PC61BM, and PC71BM; and organic small molecule materials such as CDIN and N-PDI. The preparation methods of the first transport layer 200 include solution film formation methods such as slit coating, spin coating, spray coating, screen printing, and inkjet printing, as well as vacuum film formation methods such as vapor deposition, PVD, ALD, RPD, and CVD.
[0082] Optionally, the thickness of the first transmission layer 200 is 5nm to 60nm, for example, the thickness of the first transmission layer 200 is 5nm, 8nm, 10nm, 14nm, 15nm, 25nm, 35nm, 40nm, 55nm, 60nm, etc.
[0083] In these optional embodiments, the thickness of the first transport layer 200 is greater than or equal to 5 nm. This avoids the problem that if the thickness of the first transport layer 200 is too small and the surface of the first electrode layer 100 is rough, the surface of the first transport layer 200 will also be rough and uneven after covering the first electrode layer 100, affecting the adhesion between the first transport layer 200 and the active layer 400. Alternatively, the thickness of the first transport layer 200 is less than or equal to 60 nm. This avoids the problem that if the thickness of the first transport layer 200 is too large, the transport path of charge carriers in the first transport layer 200 will be too long, resulting in a decrease in charge carrier transfer efficiency, i.e., a decrease in the conductivity of the first transport layer 200.
[0084] Optionally, the thickness of the first transport layer 200 is 5nm to 40nm. For example, the thickness of the first transport layer 200 is 5nm, 8nm, 10nm, 13nm, 15nm, 18nm, 20nm, 25nm, 30nm, 40nm, etc. Within this thickness range, the first transport layer 200 can ensure both the flatness of the first transport layer 200 and the transport efficiency of charge carriers.
[0085] Optionally, the second transmission layer is an electron transport layer, where electrons are transported from the active layer 400 to the second transport layer 500 and finally collected by the second electrode layer 600 to realize the device function of the solar cell module 10.
[0086] Optionally, the thickness of the second transmission layer 500 is 3 nm to 40 nm, for example, the thickness of the second transmission layer 500 is 3 nm, 9 nm, 15 nm, 18 nm, 23 nm, 28 nm, 30 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, etc.
[0087] In these optional embodiments, the thickness of the second transport layer 500 is greater than or equal to 3 nm, which avoids the problem that the resistance of the second transport layer 500 is too high due to its insufficient thickness, making it difficult to transport electrons. The thickness of the second transport layer 500 is less than or equal to 40 nm, which avoids the problem that the electron transport distance is too long and the electron transport efficiency is reduced due to its excessive thickness.
[0088] Optionally, the material of the second transport layer 500 includes small organic molecule materials such as Spiro-OMeTAD, 2PACz, 4PACz, MeO-2PACz, MeO-4PACz, Me-2PACz, and Me-4PACz, polymer materials such as PTAA, P3HT, and PEDOT, and NiO. x CuO x CuSCN, MoO xOne or more of p-type inorganic semiconductor materials. The preparation methods of the second transport layer 500 include solution film formation methods such as slit coating, spin coating, spray coating, screen printing, and inkjet printing, as well as vacuum film formation methods such as vapor deposition, PVD, ALD, RPD, and CVD.
[0089] Optionally, the thickness of the active layer 400 is 200nm~800nm, for example, the thickness of the active layer 400 is 200nm, 230nm, 250nm, 300nm, 350nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, etc.
[0090] In these optional embodiments, the thickness of the active layer 400 is greater than or equal to 200 nm to avoid the problem that if the thickness of the active layer 400 is too small, the overall volume of the active layer 400 will be reduced, resulting in insufficient light absorption and thus reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cell. The thickness of the active layer 400 is less than or equal to 800 nm to avoid the problem that if the thickness of the active layer 400 is too large, the active layer 400 will be composed of multiple crystal layers, resulting in low carrier transport efficiency at the interfaces between the crystals, i.e., reduced carrier transport efficiency of the active layer 400.
[0091] Optionally, the material of the first electrode layer 100 includes a transparent conductive material. The transparent first electrode layer 100 serves as the light-incident side of the solar cell module 10, allowing light to pass through the first electrode layer 100 and the first transport layer 200 to reach the active layer 400.
[0092] Optionally, the material of the first electrode layer 100 includes one or more of transparent conductive oxides, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), tin fluoride (FTO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc aluminum oxide (AZO), and indium tungsten oxide (IWO), which have good light transmittance and conductivity.
[0093] Optionally, the material of the second electrode includes conductive oxides, conductive metals, or conductive carbon-based materials, such as Au, Ag, Cu, Cr, Al, ITO, FTO, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal alloys, TCO transparent electrodes, etc. Conductive oxides or conductive metals have good conductivity, while conductive carbon-based materials have lower cost.
[0094] Optionally, the thickness of the first electrode layer 100 is 100nm~500nm, for example, the thickness of the first electrode layer 100 is 100nm, 150nm, 180nm, 200nm, 250nm, 270nm, 300nm, 400nm, 450nm, 500nm, etc.
[0095] In these optional embodiments, the thickness of the first electrode layer 100 is greater than or equal to 100 nm, which avoids the problem of high resistance and decreased conductivity caused by an insufficient thickness of the first electrode layer 100. The thickness of the first electrode layer 100 is less than or equal to 500 nm, which avoids the problem of reduced transmittance and reduced reach through the first electrode layer 100 to the active layer 400 due to an excessively large thickness, thus reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module 10. Furthermore, it also avoids the problem of increased cost caused by an excessively large thickness of the first electrode layer 100.
[0096] Optionally, the thickness of the second electrode layer 600 is 100nm~500nm, for example, the thickness of the second electrode layer 600 is 100nm, 150nm, 180nm, 200nm, 250nm, 270nm, 300nm, 400nm, 450nm, 500nm, etc.
[0097] In these optional embodiments, the thickness of the second electrode layer 600 is greater than or equal to 100 nm, which avoids the problem of high resistance and decreased conductivity caused by an insufficient thickness of the second electrode layer 600. The thickness of the second electrode layer 600 is less than or equal to 500 nm, which avoids the problem of increased material cost caused by an excessively large thickness of the second electrode layer 600.
[0098] Please see Figure 10 , Figure 10 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in another embodiment.
[0099] like Figure 10 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the solar cell module 10 further includes an auxiliary functional layer 700 located between the second transport layer 500 and the second electrode layer 600.
[0100] In these optional embodiments, the auxiliary functional layer 700 is made of organic or inorganic materials. For example, at least one of the following: small organic molecules, BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), TPBI, SnO2, LiF, MgF2, and organometallic salts (MOFs). For instance, BCP disposed between the second transport layer 500 and the second electrode layer 600 can significantly improve the electron collection efficiency of the second electrode layer 600 and effectively improve the PCE of the solar cell module 10. When the auxiliary functional layer 700 is made of small organic molecules, it can be prepared by thermal evaporation. When the auxiliary functional layer 700 is made of inorganic materials such as SnO2, it can be prepared by vacuum deposition methods such as PVD or ALD.
[0101] Optionally, the thickness of the auxiliary functional layer 700 is 2nm to 60nm, for example, the thickness of the auxiliary functional layer 700 is 2nm, 6nm, 10nm, 18nm, 20nm, 25nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, etc.
[0102] In these optional embodiments, the thickness of the auxiliary functional layer 700 is greater than or equal to 2 mm, which avoids the increased difficulty in fabricating the auxiliary functional layer 700 due to its excessive thickness. The thickness of the auxiliary functional layer 700 is less than or equal to 40 nm, which avoids the problem that if the auxiliary functional layer 700 is too thick, carriers cannot undergo quantum tunneling within it, meaning the auxiliary functional layer 700 becomes an insulating layer and cannot achieve the device function of the solar cell module 10. For example, when the material of the auxiliary functional layer 700 is an organic small molecule, the thickness of the auxiliary functional layer 700 is 2 nm to 10 nm; when the material of the auxiliary functional layer 700 is an inorganic material such as SnO2, the thickness of the auxiliary functional layer 700 is 10 nm to 40 nm.
[0103] Optionally, the thickness of the auxiliary functional layer 700 is 2nm to 40nm. For example, the thickness of the auxiliary functional layer 700 is 2nm, 6nm, 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, etc. Within this thickness range, the auxiliary functional layer 700 has both low fabrication difficulty and can ensure that charge carriers undergo quantum tunneling in the auxiliary functional layer 700 to realize the device function of the solar cell module 10.
[0104] The structural design in this embodiment can be applied to other solar cell modules 10. The specific choice can be made according to the actual situation, and this application does not impose any specific restrictions on it.
[0105] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, an embodiment of this application provides a method for preparing a solar cell module 10, comprising: A first electrode layer 100, a first transport layer 200, a first passivation layer 310, an active layer 400, a second transport layer 500, and a second electrode layer 600 are sequentially prepared on a transparent substrate 11. The first passivation layer 310 includes a passivation portion 300, and the material structure of the passivation portion 300 includes hydroxyl groups and benzene rings.
[0106] Alternatively, a first electrode layer 100, a first transport layer 200, a first passivation layer 310, an active layer 400, a second passivation layer 320, a second transport layer 500, and a second electrode layer 600 may be sequentially fabricated on a transparent substrate 11. The first passivation layer 310 and / or the second passivation layer 320 may include a passivation portion 300, and the material structure of the passivation portion 300 may include hydroxyl groups and benzene rings.
[0107] Alternatively, a first electrode layer 100, a first transport layer 200, an active layer 400, a first passivation layer 310, a second transport layer 500, and a second electrode layer 600 may be sequentially prepared on a transparent substrate 11. The first passivation layer 310 includes a passivation portion 300, and the material structure of the passivation portion 300 includes hydroxyl groups and benzene rings.
[0108] Alternatively, a first electrode layer 100, a first transport layer 200, an active layer 400, a second transport layer 500, and a second electrode layer 600 may be sequentially prepared on a transparent substrate 11. The active layer 400 includes a passivation portion 300, and the material structure of the passivation portion 300 includes hydroxyl groups and benzene rings.
[0109] According to the fabrication method of this application embodiment, the solar cell module 10 includes a first transport layer 200, an active layer 400, and a second transport layer 500 stacked together. The first transport layer 200, the active layer 400, and the second transport layer 500 realize the photoelectric conversion function of the solar cell. The passivation portion 300 has a structure including hydroxyl groups and benzene rings. The hydroxyl groups of the passivation portion 300 can form coordination bonds or hydrogen bonds with uncoordinated free ions or halogen vacancies on the surface of the active layer 400, reducing the number of vacant ions on the surface of the active layer 400, achieving passivation of the surface of the active layer 400, and suppressing defect states on the surface of the active layer 400. The benzene rings of the passivation portion 300 can interact with organic cations on the surface of the active layer 400 through π-π stacking, achieving passivation of the surface of the active layer 400, and improving the interfacial stability between the active layer 400 and the first transport layer 200 or the active layer 400 and the second transport layer 500.
[0110] Optionally, the preparation steps of the first passivation layer 310 include: The first passivation layer 310 is prepared by solution preparation (spin coating, doctor blade coating, slot coating, spray coating, inkjet printing, screen printing, etc.) on the side of the first transport layer 200 opposite to the first electrode layer 100 or on the side of the active layer 400 opposite to the first transport layer 200.
[0111] Optionally, the fabrication steps of the first transport layer 200 include: Preparation of nanoparticle solutions; A nanoparticle solution is coated on one side of the first electrode layer 100; The nanoparticle solution is heated and annealed to form the first transport layer 200.
[0112] In these optional embodiments, a solution method is used to prepare the nanoparticle solution. The nanoparticles can be metal oxide nanoparticles such as NiOx, SnO2, and ZnO2. The solution is coated onto the surface of the first electrode layer 100 by PVD magnetron sputtering or nanoparticle solution coating. Alternatively, any of the following processing methods can be used: spin coating, blade coating, immersion coating, slot coating, spraying, printing, vacuum deposition, or film stretching. For example, an aqueous solution of nanoparticles with a concentration of 10 mg / mL to 20 mg / mL is prepared, and spin coating is performed at a speed of 3000 rpm to 3500 rpm for 30 to 60 seconds, followed by annealing at 100°C to 120°C for 10 to 20 minutes to form a dry first transport layer 200 on the surface of the first electrode layer 100.
[0113] Optionally, prepare an aqueous solution of nanoparticles with a concentration of 10 mg / mL, spin-coat at 3500 rpm for 60 s, and finally anneal at 100°C for 10 min; or, prepare an aqueous solution of nanoparticles with a concentration of 15 mg / mL, spin-coat at 3200 rpm for 35 s, and finally anneal at 120°C for 20 min; or, prepare an aqueous solution of nanoparticles with a concentration of 20 mg / mL, spin-coat at 3000 rpm for 30 s, and finally anneal at 110°C for 10 min.
[0114] Optionally, the preparation steps of the active layer 400 include: A perovskite precursor solution is coated onto the first transport layer 200 to form a perovskite film. The material of the perovskite film is independently selected from MAPb(Br) x I 1-x 3. FAPb(Br) x I 1-x 3. FA 1-y MA y Pb(Br x I 1-x 3. Cs z FA 1-z Pb(Br x I 1-x 3. Cs z FA 1-y-z MA y Pb(Br x I 1-x One of the following three, wherein 0 ≤ x, y, z ≤ 1, and the solvent is selected from one or more of DMF, DMSO, NMP, 2-ME, and acetonitrile; An intermediate perovskite film is obtained by adding an antisolvent or by vacuum flash evaporation to the perovskite film. The antisolvent refers to a low-polarity solvent, including chlorobenzene, toluene, anisole, ethyl acetate, etc. Vacuum flash evaporation refers to placing the wet perovskite film in a chamber and rapidly drawing a vacuum, reducing the vacuum level in the chamber to below 10 Pa within 10 s, and maintaining the pressure in the range of 1 Pa to 10 Pa for 10 s to 120 s. Subsequently, it is annealed at 100℃ to 150℃ for 10 min to 60 min.
[0115] For example, CsI (0.05-0.15M), FAI (0.5-1.5M), PbI2 (0.8-1.5M), and MACl (0.2-0.4M) are weighed out in a molar ratio and dissolved in a DMF:DMSO solution of 4:1 to prepare a perovskite precursor solution with a concentration of 1 mol / ml-1.5 mol / ml. The perovskite precursor solution is then spin-coated at 2500-3500 rpm for 20-60 seconds. Ethyl acetate is added dropwise as an antisolvent in the last 5 seconds, followed by annealing at 100-150℃ for 25-45 minutes to prepare the active layer 400. The addition of the antisolvent increases the crystallization rate of the perovskite active material, thus improving the preparation efficiency. For example, CsI (0.1M) means that the equivalent amount of CsI is 0.1. In other words, the molar percentage of CsI in the total solute is 0.1. For example, when the equivalent amount of CsI is 0.1 and the equivalent amount of PbI2 is 1, if PbI2 is 1 mol, then CsI is 0.1 mol. The same applies to other materials.
[0116] Optionally, CsI (0.05M), FAI (0.5M), PbI2 (0.8M), and MACl (0.2M) can be weighed in a molar ratio and dissolved in a DMF:DMSO solution of 4:1 to prepare a perovskite precursor solution with a concentration of 1mol / ml to 1.5mol / ml; or, CsI (0.1M), FAI (0.9M), PbI2 (1.0M), and MACl (0.35M) can be weighed in a molar ratio and dissolved in a DMF:DMSO solution of 4:1 to prepare a perovskite precursor solution with a concentration of 1mol / ml to 1.5mol / ml; or, CsI (0.14M), FAI (1.26M), PbI2 (1.4M), and MACl (0.35M) can be weighed in a molar ratio. The perovskite precursor solution with a concentration of 1 mol / ml to 1.5 mol / ml can be prepared by dissolving CsI (0.14 M), FAI (1.26 M), PbI2 (1.4 M), and MACl (0.35 M) in a DMF:DMSO solution at a ratio of 4:1. Alternatively, CsI (0.14 M), FAI (1.26 M), PbI2 (1.5 M), and MACl (0.4 M) can be weighed in a DMF:DMSO solution at a ratio of 4:1 to prepare a perovskite precursor solution with a concentration of 1 mol / ml to 1.5 mol / ml. The concentration of the perovskite precursor solution can be 1 mol / ml, 1.1 mol / ml, 1.3 mol / ml, or 1.5 mol / ml.
[0117] Optionally, various additives such as ionic liquids, surfactants, organic small molecule passivators, and inorganic salt passivators can be added to the perovskite film to improve its performance. The preparation methods of perovskite films include solution film formation methods such as slot coating, spin coating, spray coating, screen printing, and inkjet printing, as well as vacuum film formation methods such as vapor deposition and CVD.
[0118] Optionally, trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside is added to the perovskite film layer. The concentration of trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside is 0.01 mg / mL to 1000 mg / mL, for example, the concentration of trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside is 0.01 mg / mL, 0.05 mg / mL, 0.1 mg / mL, 0.5 mg / mL, 1 mg / mL, 5 mg / mL, 10 mg / mL, 50 mg / mL, 500 mg / mL, or 1000 mg / mL.
[0119] The second aspect of this application provides a solar cell, which includes a solar cell module 10 of any of the above embodiments or a solar cell module 10 prepared by any of the preparation methods described above. Since the solar cell provided in the second aspect of this application includes the solar cell module 10 of any of the above embodiments, the solar cell provided in the second aspect of this application has the beneficial effects of the solar cell module 10 of any of the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated further here.
[0120] The embodiments described above are not exhaustive, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the above description. These embodiments are selected and specifically described in this specification to better explain the principles and practical applications of this application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to effectively utilize this application and its modifications. This application is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims
1. A solar cell module, characterized in that, include: The first transport layer, the active layer, and the second transport layer are stacked in sequence. The passivation portion is located between the first transport layer and the second transport layer, and the material structure of the passivation portion includes hydroxyl groups and benzene rings.
2. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the passivation part includes phenylpropanoid compounds having hydroxyl groups and benzene rings; Preferably, the material of the passivation portion includes trans-cinnamyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside.
3. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar cell module includes a first passivation layer, and at least a portion of the passivation portion is located in the first passivation layer; The first passivation layer is located between the active layer and the first transport layer, or the first passivation layer is located between the active layer and the second transport layer; Preferably, the thickness of the first passivation layer is 0.1 nm to 10 nm.
4. The solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The solar cell module also includes a second passivation layer; The first passivation layer is located between the active layer and the first transport layer, and the second passivation layer is located between the active layer and the second transport layer; or, the first passivation layer is located between the active layer and the second transport layer, and the second passivation layer is located between the active layer and the first transport layer. Preferably, a portion of the passivation portion is located in the first passivation layer, and a portion of the passivation portion is located in the second passivation layer; Preferably, the first passivation layer and the second passivation layer are made of the same material, or the first passivation layer and the second passivation layer are made of different materials; Preferably, the thickness of the second passivation layer is 0.1 nm to 10 nm.
5. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The passivation portion is located within the active layer.
6. The solar cell module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The passivation section includes a plurality of passivation particles, which are spaced apart.
7. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material structure of the passivation part includes carbon-carbon double bonds; Preferably, the material structure of the passivation portion includes trans double bonds.
8. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material structure of the passivation part includes styrene-propylene group.
9. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active layer comprises a perovskite material; Preferably, the solar cell module further includes: A first electrode layer and a second electrode layer, wherein the first electrode layer is located on the side of the first transport layer opposite to the active layer, and the second electrode layer is located on the side of the second transport layer opposite to the active layer; Preferably, the first electrode layer is a positive electrode, the first transport layer is a hole transport layer, the second transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the second electrode layer is a negative electrode; Preferably, the solar cell module further includes: An auxiliary functional layer is located between the second transmission layer and the second electrode layer; Preferably, the material of the auxiliary functional layer includes organic or inorganic materials; Preferably, the material of the auxiliary functional layer includes at least one of the following: small organic molecules, BCP, TPBI, SnO2, LiF, MgF2, and organometallic salts.
10. A solar cell, characterized in that, Includes the solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-9.