Device for managing battery

Abstract

One aspect of the present invention provides a battery management device capable of more accurately diagnosing whether a battery is abnormal. A battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention comprises: a measurement module for measuring state information of a battery; a first diagnosis module configured to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal by comparing the state information measured by the measurement module with a first diagnosis reference; and a second diagnosis module configured to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal based on the degree of change of the state information measured by the measurement module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0191795, filed in Korea on December 26, 2023, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This disclosure relates to battery management technology, and more specifically to technology that can more accurately diagnose whether a battery is malfunctioning. Background Technology

[0003] Currently commercially available rechargeable batteries include nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), nickel-zinc (NiZn), and lithium-ion batteries. Among them, lithium-ion batteries have attracted attention due to their ability to ensure free charge and discharge (since they have virtually no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries), as well as their very low self-discharge rate and high energy density.

[0004] Recently, batteries (secondary batteries) have been widely used in medium and large-sized devices such as electric two-wheelers and electric vehicles, as well as energy storage systems (ESS) for driving or energy storage. As a result, interest in batteries has increased further, and related research and development are being conducted more actively. Furthermore, the commercialization and research of swappable common battery packs for electric two-wheelers and electric vehicles are underway.

[0005] Lithium-ion secondary batteries primarily use lithium-based oxides and carbon materials as positive and negative electrode active materials, respectively. Furthermore, a lithium-ion secondary battery includes: an electrode assembly containing positive and negative electrode plates coated with positive and negative electrode active materials, respectively, with a separator placed between the positive and negative electrode plates; and an external material, i.e., a battery case, for sealingly housing the electrode assembly and electrolyte.

[0006] Multiple secondary batteries can be electrically connected to each other and stored together inside a module box (module housing) or a battery pack box (battery pack housing) to form a battery module or battery pack. In this case, each secondary battery included in the battery module or battery pack can be referred to as a battery cell.

[0007] To ensure the stable performance of batteries in the form of battery cells, battery modules, and battery packs, and to protect the devices equipped with these batteries and the users who use them, it is crucial to diagnose the battery's condition and take appropriate measures. As a representative technology in this regard, battery packs or ESS (Electronic Storage Systems) may include control devices such as BMS (Battery Management System) to diagnose the battery and perform related actions.

[0008] In particular, it is crucial to diagnose abnormal conditions quickly and accurately when they occur during battery use. Failure to properly diagnose abnormalities, such as high or low voltage, can lead to battery malfunction or damage, and in severe cases, the battery may catch fire or explode, causing serious harm to life or property.

[0009] In the past, various technologies have been developed or used to diagnose abnormal conditions in batteries, such as high or low voltage, but it is difficult to say that sufficient technology has been ensured so far. In particular, in abnormal situations where charging or discharging occurs very rapidly, technologies for quickly diagnosing the situation and taking appropriate action may be considered insufficient. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Technical issues

[0011] This disclosure aims to address the problems in the related technologies, and therefore aims to provide a device for managing batteries that can diagnose abnormal conditions of batteries more quickly and accurately, as well as application devices such as battery packs that include the device.

[0012] These and other objects and advantages of this disclosure may be understood from the following detailed description and will become more apparent from exemplary embodiments thereof. Furthermore, it will be readily understood that the objects and advantages of this disclosure may be achieved by the means set forth in the appended claims and combinations thereof.

[0013] Technical solution

[0014] In one aspect of this disclosure, an apparatus for managing a battery is provided, the apparatus comprising: a measurement module configured to measure state information of the battery; a first diagnostic module configured to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal by comparing the state information measured by the measurement module with a first diagnostic criterion; and a second diagnostic module configured to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal based on the amount of change in the state information measured by the measurement module.

[0015] Here, the status information can be a voltage value, and the first diagnostic module and the second diagnostic module can be configured to diagnose whether the battery has low voltage or overvoltage.

[0016] In addition, the first diagnostic criterion can be configured in a multi-stage manner, and the first diagnostic module can be configured to classify abnormal battery states into multiple diagnostic stages.

[0017] Additionally, the first diagnostic module can be configured to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal by considering the duration of the state information measured by the measurement module together.

[0018] In addition, the second diagnostic module can be configured to perform anomaly diagnosis if the first diagnostic module fails to detect any anomalies.

[0019] In addition, the measurement module can periodically measure the status information, and the second diagnostic module can be configured to use the currently measured status information and the status information measured in the previous period to calculate the change in the status information.

[0020] In addition, the second diagnostic module can be configured to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal by comparing the amount of change in the status information with a second diagnostic criterion.

[0021] In addition, the second diagnostic module can be configured to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal by comparing the number of times the change in the status information deviates from the second diagnostic criterion with the standard number.

[0022] In addition, the number of standards can have different values ​​depending on the amount of change in the state information.

[0023] In addition, the second diagnostic module can be configured to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal by changing the standard number when the change in status information changes.

[0024] Additionally, the second diagnostic module can be configured to compare the status information measured by the measurement module with a third diagnostic criterion, and to take action when the measured status information deviates from the third diagnostic criterion.

[0025] Additionally, the second diagnostic module can be configured to block the battery's charging or discharging operation when the battery is diagnosed as abnormal.

[0026] In addition, the second diagnostic module can be configured to perform operations before the first diagnostic module.

[0027] In another aspect of this disclosure, a battery pack is also provided, which includes means for managing batteries according to this disclosure.

[0028] In another aspect of this disclosure, a vehicle is also provided, which includes means for managing a battery according to this disclosure.

[0029] In another aspect of this disclosure, a battery supply system is also provided, which includes means for managing batteries according to this disclosure.

[0030] Beneficial effects

[0031] According to one aspect of this disclosure, abnormalities in batteries can be diagnosed more quickly and accurately.

[0032] In particular, according to embodiments of this disclosure, in cases where abnormally rapid charging and discharging of the battery occurs, high voltage or low voltage conditions can be accurately and quickly diagnosed.

[0033] Therefore, according to this aspect of the disclosure, an environment can be provided in which appropriate measures can be taken quickly in dangerous situations where the battery malfunctions. This improves battery safety and, moreover, ensures the safety of devices or systems equipped with the battery and the safety of users using the battery.

[0034] Furthermore, various other additional or more specific effects can be achieved through the various embodiments of this disclosure. The various effects of this disclosure will be described in detail in each embodiment, or any effects that can be readily understood by those skilled in the art will not be described in detail. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The accompanying drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and are used together with the foregoing disclosure to provide a further understanding of the technical features of the present disclosure; therefore, the present disclosure is not to be construed as limited to the drawings.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a block diagram schematically illustrating the functional configuration of a battery management device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of multiple diagnostic stages of a first diagnostic module of a device for managing a battery according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a low-voltage diagnostic criterion for a battery using a first diagnostic module according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the voltage measurement results of a battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a low-voltage diagnostic criterion for a battery using a second diagnostic module according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the voltage measurements of batteries according to different embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration for diagnosing whether a battery is malfunctioning by a second diagnostic module, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0043] Figure 8This is a table illustrating the low-voltage diagnostic criteria for a battery by a second diagnostic module according to another embodiment of this disclosure.

[0044] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating, schematically, the operation of a battery management device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0045] In the following, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Before the description, it should be understood that the terminology used in the specification and appended claims should not be construed as limited to its general or dictionary meaning, but rather interpreted based on its meaning and concept corresponding to the technical aspects of the present disclosure, on the principle that the inventors are allowed to appropriately define the terminology for the best explanation.

[0046] Therefore, the descriptions presented herein are preferred examples for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Consequently, it should be understood that other equivalents and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0047] This specification may include several embodiments. Any features that are identical or similar to those in other embodiments will not be described in detail herein, and any distinguishing features in each embodiment may be described in detail.

[0048] At the same time, terms such as “...module” may be used in this specification, but this refers to a logical structural unit, and the components included in this disclosure do not necessarily refer to components that can or must be physically separated.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a block diagram schematically illustrating the functional configuration of a battery management device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] Reference Figure 1 The device for managing batteries according to this disclosure includes a measurement module 100, a first diagnostic module 200, and a second diagnostic module 300.

[0051] The measurement module 100 can be configured to measure the state information of the battery. Here, the battery can be a concept including a battery cell representing a single secondary battery, a cell group including multiple such battery cells, or a battery module, battery pack, battery rack, etc.

[0052] Battery status information may include the battery's internal and / or external states. For example, measurement module 100 may measure the battery's voltage as the battery's state. In this case, measurement module 100 may be implemented as a voltage sensor or have a voltage sensor. In particular, when the device for managing a battery according to this disclosure is configured to diagnose low and / or overvoltage of the battery, measurement module 100 may measure the voltage between the two terminals of the battery (positive and negative terminals).

[0053] Alternatively, the measurement module 100 can measure information about the battery, such as current, temperature, SOC (state of charge), internal resistance, and SOH (state of health), as battery status information. For example, a battery management device according to this disclosure can be configured to diagnose abnormalities in the battery, such as temperature (high temperature, low temperature), overcurrent during charging and discharging, temperature imbalance between cells, and SOC imbalance between cells. In this case, the measurement module 100 can be configured to measure or calculate at least one of the battery's voltage, current, temperature, SOC, internal resistance, and SOH to perform corresponding diagnostic operations.

[0054] The first diagnostic module 200 can be configured to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal using battery status information measured by the measurement module 100. To this end, the first diagnostic module 200 can receive measured values ​​of the battery status information from the measurement module 100. Furthermore, the first diagnostic module 200 can compare the received measured values ​​with a first diagnostic criterion.

[0055] Here, the first diagnostic criterion is a reference value used by the first diagnostic module 200 to compare with the measured value sent from the measurement module 100, and can be a standard used to distinguish whether the battery is abnormal. The first diagnostic criterion can be represented as a specific value or a specific range. For example, if the status information measured by the measurement module 100 is voltage, the first diagnostic criterion can be represented as a specific voltage value. As a more specific example, the first diagnostic criterion can be represented as a specific voltage value, such as 3.1V. In this case, the first diagnostic module 200 can use 3.1V as a standard to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal.

[0056] The first diagnostic criteria can be pre-stored in a specific component or calculated as needed. For example, the first diagnostic criteria can be stored in the first diagnostic module 200 itself, or in other components outside the first diagnostic module 200. Alternatively, the first diagnostic criteria can be sent to the first diagnostic module 200 from other external components, such as a server located outside the device for managing the battery, via a wired or wireless communication network.

[0057] The second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal using the battery status information measured by the measurement module 100. In other words, when the measurement module 100 measures the battery status information, the measured value can be sent to both the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300, and used as data for performing each diagnostic operation. At this time, the diagnostic operations of the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300 can be performed differently from each other. To distinguish each diagnostic operation, the diagnostic operation performed by the first diagnostic module 200 can be represented as the first diagnostic operation, and the diagnostic operation performed by the second diagnostic module 300 can be represented as the second diagnostic operation.

[0058] Specifically, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose whether the battery is abnormal based on the amount of change in the state information. In other words, when the measurement module 100 measures the battery's state information, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose whether the battery is abnormal based on how much the measured state information has changed. The first diagnostic module 200 diagnoses whether the battery is abnormal by comparing the measured value of the state information itself with a standard value (first diagnostic standard), while the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose whether the battery is abnormal after determining the amount of change in the measured value of the state information.

[0059] For example, when a battery overvoltage or undervoltage is diagnosed by a battery management device according to this disclosure, the battery voltage value can be measured by the measurement module 100. At this time, the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose whether the battery is abnormal by directly comparing the measured voltage value with a first diagnostic standard. Meanwhile, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose whether the battery is abnormal by deriving the amount of change in the voltage value, rather than directly using the measured voltage value.

[0060] According to this embodiment, the state of the battery can be determined more accurately. In particular, diagnostic operations can be performed in different forms for the same measurement value, allowing diagnoses for the same battery to complement each other. For example, since low voltage diagnostic operations are performed in various ways using voltage measurements, more accurate diagnoses can be achieved in various situations. Therefore, it is possible to respond more quickly and effectively to abnormal conditions such as battery failure.

[0061] The first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300 may optionally include processors, controllers, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), other chipsets, logic circuits, registers, communication modems, data processing devices, or components known in the art to perform relevant operations or functions. Furthermore, their operation can be implemented as software, in which case the program can be stored in the internal or external memory of the respective component. In this respect, the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300 may be replaced with terms such as processor, controller, or chipset.

[0062] Furthermore, the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300 can be implemented by a single component or part. For example, the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300 can be implemented by a single processor or chipset.

[0063] As a more specific example, a battery management apparatus according to this disclosure may include a measurement module 100 and a processor. In this case, the processor may include a first diagnostic module and a second diagnostic module. That is, the processor may be configured to perform diagnostic operations of the first diagnostic module and the second diagnostic module in an integrated manner.

[0064] Specifically, the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300 can be implemented by a BMS (Battery Management System) included in the battery pack or ESS.

[0065] Furthermore, the first diagnostic module 200 and / or the second diagnostic module 300 do not necessarily have to be physically integrated or located in the same place. That is, at least some functions of the first diagnostic module 200 and / or the second diagnostic module 300 can be divided and implemented by different parts or components. For example, some functions of the first diagnostic module 200 can be performed at the battery pack, such as the BMS, and other functions of the first diagnostic module 200 can be performed at the vehicle, such as the ECU (Energy Control Unit) or VCU (Vehicle Control Unit).

[0066] The device for managing a battery according to this disclosure may further include a memory 400, such as... Figure 1 As shown.

[0067] The memory 400 may store various data or programs required for the first diagnostic module 200 and / or the second diagnostic module 300 to perform their functions. For example, the memory 400 may store a first diagnostic criterion. In addition, the memory 400 may store various data required to perform the first diagnostic operation and / or the second diagnostic operation included in this specification.

[0068] The memory 400 can be implemented in a form integrated with other components included in the device for managing the battery, such as components used as the first diagnostic module 200 and / or the second diagnostic module 300. For example, the memory 400 can be implemented as internal memory provided to the processor used as the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300.

[0069] The memory 400 has no particular restrictions on the type of storage medium, as long as it can record and erase information. For example, the memory 400 can be implemented as RAM, ROM, register, hard disk, optical recording medium, or magnetic recording medium.

[0070] Both the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to diagnose whether the battery is undervoltage or overvoltage.

[0071] In this configuration, the measurement module 100 can be implemented as a voltage sensor, measuring the voltage as battery status information and providing it to the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300. The first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300 can then use the provided voltage measurement value to perform their diagnostic operations, namely, a first diagnostic operation and a second diagnostic operation.

[0072] More specifically, the first diagnostic module 200 can compare the voltage measurement value with a first diagnostic standard and determine whether the battery is abnormal based on the comparison result. If the first diagnostic standard for measuring low voltage is 3.1 V, the first diagnostic module 200 can determine whether the voltage measurement value exceeds 3.1 V. If the voltage measurement value exceeds the first diagnostic standard (3.1 V), the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose that the battery is in a normal state. Conversely, if the voltage measurement value is less than or equal to the first diagnostic standard (3.1 V), the battery state can be diagnosed as abnormal, i.e., a low voltage state.

[0073] Furthermore, the second diagnostic module 300 can calculate the change in voltage measurement. Based on the voltage change calculated in this way, it can be determined whether the battery is abnormal. If the battery voltage change is small, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose the battery as being in a normal state. However, if the battery voltage change is equal to or greater than a certain level, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose the battery as being in an abnormal state, such as a low voltage state.

[0074] The first diagnostic module 200 can be configured to classify abnormal battery conditions into multiple diagnostic stages. (Refer to...) Figure 2 To describe this in more detail.

[0075] Figure 2This is a diagram illustrating an example of multiple diagnostic stages of a first diagnostic module of a device for managing a battery according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0076] Reference Figure 2 The first diagnostic stage diagnosed by the first diagnostic module can be divided into five levels (levels C1 to C5). Here, Normal (level C1) indicates the normal state of the corresponding state information for the battery, and the remaining four diagnostic stages, namely Warning 1 (level C2), Warning 2 (level C3), Fault (level C4), and Failure (level C5), can be regarded as indicating abnormal states of the corresponding state information for the battery. Furthermore, Warning 1, Warning 2, Fault, and Failure can be referred to or interpreted in this order as warning, danger, fault, and failure, and can indicate the occurrence of more serious problems in this order. In other words, Failure can indicate the most serious abnormal state of the battery. For example, when the device for managing a battery according to this disclosure diagnoses an overvoltage of the battery, Failure can indicate the most severe overvoltage state of the battery. However, of course, the name or meaning of each level indicating the level of abnormal state can be modified to various other forms.

[0077] The first diagnostic module 200 can determine which diagnostic stage the battery to be diagnosed belongs to among multiple diagnostic stages. For example, when determining whether the battery is in a low voltage state, the first diagnostic module 200 can distinguish whether the battery is in a normal state or a low voltage state. Furthermore, if the battery is in a low voltage state, the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose the state by classifying the low voltage level as Warning 1, Warning 2, Fault, or Failure, depending on the severity.

[0078] In this way, for multi-stage battery diagnostics, the first diagnostic criterion can be configured in a multi-stage manner. Specifically, the first diagnostic criterion can have two or more criterion values. See, for example... Figure 2 In one implementation, when diagnosing a battery in five stages, three first diagnostic criteria, such as R1, R2, R3, and R4, can be provided. Here, R1, R2, R3, and R4 can be criteria used to distinguish between level C1 and level C2, level C2 and level C3, level C3 and level C4, and level C4 and level C5. In this case, each diagnostic criterion is a specific number and can be a boundary value distinguishing each stage. As another example, each diagnostic criterion can be a specific range representing each stage.

[0079] In this way, if the diagnostic criteria have multiple standard values ​​in a multi-stage format, the diagnostic stages can be divided into five or more diagnostic stages. In other words, the number of diagnostic stages can be one more than the number of standard values. For example, in Figure 2 In this implementation, since there are four standard values, the diagnostic phase can be divided into five diagnostic phases.

[0080] Furthermore, the first diagnostic criterion can be configured to classify the abnormal state of the battery into two or more diagnostic stages. For example, in Figure 2 In this implementation, the first diagnostic criterion may have three standard values, R2, R3, and R4, to classify the abnormal state of the battery by level. In this case, the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose the abnormal state of the battery to classify it into four stages (Warning 1, Warning 2, Fault, Failure).

[0081] like Figure 2 The multiple diagnostic stages shown or the first diagnostic criteria used to distinguish them are information required for the first diagnostic module 200 to perform the first diagnostic operation, and can be stored in the first diagnostic module 200 or the memory 400.

[0082] The first diagnostic module 200 can be configured to consider the duration of state information when diagnosing whether the battery is abnormal. In other words, the first diagnostic module 200 can distinguish whether the battery is abnormal or the degree of battery abnormality by considering both state information conditions and duration conditions. Further reference will follow. Figure 3 To describe this in more detail.

[0083] Figure 3 This is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a low-voltage diagnostic criterion for a battery in a first diagnostic module 200 according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0084] Reference Figure 3 The system displays a first standard voltage, which serves as the first diagnostic criterion for the first diagnostic module 200 to determine whether the battery has a low voltage and is therefore in an abnormal state. Specifically, the first diagnostic module 200 can use 3.1 V as the first standard voltage to diagnose whether the battery is normal or abnormal regarding its low voltage state. If the battery voltage measured by the measurement module 100 exceeds 3.1 V, the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose that the battery is in a normal state. Conversely, if the measured voltage of the battery is 3.1 V or below, the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose that the battery is in a low voltage state and is abnormal.

[0085] At this point, the first diagnostic module 200 can perform more specific diagnoses on the low voltage state of the battery by adding 2.5V, 2.3V, and 2V as first standard voltages. For example, if the battery voltage is 3.1V or below, the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose the low voltage state of the battery as a Warning 1 stage. Furthermore, if the battery voltage is 2.5V or below, the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose the low voltage state of the battery as a Warning 2 stage. Additionally, if the battery voltage is 2.3V or below, the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose the low voltage state of the battery as a Fault stage, which is a more serious condition. Specifically, if the battery voltage is 2V or below, the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose the low voltage state of the battery as a Failure stage, which is the most serious condition.

[0086] Here, the first diagnostic module 200 can be configured to ultimately diagnose the abnormal state of the battery by considering how long each abnormal state is maintained. Specifically, if the abnormal state is maintained for a certain period of time or longer, the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose the abnormal state for each level. In this case, if there are multiple abnormal state levels for the battery, the time conditions for each abnormal state level can be the same or different.

[0087] For example, in Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, for each abnormality level of the battery (Warning 1, Warning 2, Fault, Failure), the standard time can be set to 1 second, 1 second, 1 second, and 20 seconds. If the measured voltage of the battery remains at or above the standard time during each diagnostic phase, the abnormal state can be ultimately determined as the corresponding diagnostic phase. More specifically, if the measured voltage of the battery is equal to or less than 3.1 V and remains at or above 1 second, the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose the low voltage state of the corresponding battery as a Warning 1 phase. Furthermore, if the measured voltage of the battery is equal to or less than 2.5 V and remains at or above 1 second, the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose the low voltage state of the corresponding battery as a Warning 2 phase. Additionally, if the measured voltage of the battery is equal to or less than 2.3 V and remains at or above 1 second, the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose the low voltage state of the corresponding battery as a Fault phase. Additionally, if the measured voltage of the battery is equal to or less than 2.0 V and remains for 10 seconds or more, the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose the low voltage state of the corresponding battery as a fault stage.

[0088] If the measured voltage value itself meets the first standard voltage condition for each level, but the duration does not meet the standard time condition, the first diagnostic module 200 can immediately diagnose the abnormal state as the next higher level. For example, if the measured voltage value is 3.1 V or below, meeting the first standard voltage for C2 level, but this voltage value is maintained for only 0.5 seconds, the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose the battery's low voltage state as C2 level (Warning 1) instead of C1 level (Normal), as the next higher level. As another example, if the measured voltage value is 2.5 V or below, meeting the first standard voltage for C3 level, but this voltage value is maintained for only 0.5 seconds, the first diagnostic module 200 can immediately diagnose the battery's low voltage state as C2 level (Warning 1) instead of C3 level (Warning 2).

[0089] In this way, the reference Figure 4 A more detailed description of an implementation method that considers duration along with status information to diagnose abnormal battery conditions is provided.

[0090] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the voltage measurement results of a battery according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Specifically, Figure 4 The voltage measurement results under battery discharge conditions are shown and can be used for low voltage diagnosis of batteries.

[0091] Reference Figure 4 The voltage measurement of a specific battery is indicated as Ga. Here, the horizontal axis T represents time, and the vertical axis V represents voltage. The unit of the horizontal axis can be seconds (sec), and the unit of the vertical axis can be volts (V), but they can be expressed in other units. Furthermore, it is assumed that a standard voltage of 3.1 V is set as the primary diagnostic standard for diagnosing abnormal states of the battery, especially low voltage states. Additionally, 3.1 V can be used as a standard to distinguish between normal and abnormal states, particularly between normal states and Warning 1 states, as previously stated... Figure 3 The implementation described herein. In this implementation, the case where the standard time for diagnosing the warning stage is 1 second will be described.

[0092] exist Figure 4 In the graph, before point pa1, the voltage measurement exceeds the standard voltage (3.1 V), so the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose the corresponding battery as normal. However, referring to the graph, a value of 3.1 V or below is temporarily measured between points pa1 and pa2. At this time, the first diagnostic module 200 can determine the time between points pa1 and pa2 (ta2-ta1), i.e. Figure 4The length of the interval indicated by tw1 is checked to see if it exceeds 1 second, which is the standard time for the warning stage. If tw1 is less than 1 second, then for the interval between points pa1 and pa2, the first diagnostic module 200 may not diagnose the battery status as a warning stage related to low battery voltage, but rather as a normal stage.

[0093] In addition, Figure 4 In the curve graph, after point pa3, the battery voltage measurement remains at or below 3.1 V. In this case, if the battery voltage measurement remains at or below 3.1 V for 1 second or more, the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose the low voltage of the corresponding battery as an abnormal state, especially during the warning phase. For example, in Figure 4 In the curve graph, at time point ta4 (which is 1 second after time point ta3 corresponding to point pa3), the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose the low voltage of the battery as a warning (Warning 1) stage.

[0094] With Figure 3 and Figure 4 The first standard voltage (first diagnostic standard) and standard time corresponding to each diagnostic stage described herein can be pre-stored in the first diagnostic module 200 or the memory 400. Alternatively, the standard voltage or standard time can be calculated or modified by the first diagnostic module 200, etc.

[0095] Simultaneously, the measurement module 100 can periodically and / or non-periodically measure the battery's state information. For example, a voltage sensor used as the measurement module 100 can measure the battery voltage at a period of 50 ms. Furthermore, the state information (voltage measurement values) measured periodically in this way can be sent to the first diagnostic module 200. The first diagnostic module 200 can then consider the voltage measurement value and the measurement period to determine whether the voltage measurement value meets a first diagnostic criterion and a standard time, and identify any abnormal state of the battery.

[0096] According to this embodiment of the present disclosure, abnormal battery conditions can be diagnosed more accurately. Specifically, the abnormal state of the battery is determined based on measurements from the measurement module 100 (e.g., a voltage sensor), and measurement errors may occur due to temporary errors or noise in the measurement module 100. However, according to this embodiment, since it considers whether the measured value remains constant for a certain period of time or longer, misdiagnosis due to such measurement errors can be prevented. For example, in… Figure 4 In this implementation, the voltage behavior measured between time points ta1 and ta2 is temporary and may be due to measurement errors. In this case, the first diagnostic module 200 can improve the accuracy of diagnosing battery anomalies by not diagnosing this situation as an anomaly.

[0097] The second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to diagnose an anomaly if the first diagnostic module 200 does not detect an anomaly.

[0098] For example, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose the battery as abnormal before the first diagnostic module 200 diagnoses it as abnormal. More specifically, when diagnosing whether the battery has a low voltage, the first diagnostic module 200 diagnoses the battery as normal, but the second diagnostic module 300 can first diagnose the battery as abnormal.

[0099] In particular, Figure 3 In this implementation, even if the first diagnostic module 200 fails to diagnose the battery as abnormal due to non-compliance with standard voltage or standard time, the second diagnostic module 300 can still diagnose the same battery as abnormal first.

[0100] For example, in Figure 3 In this implementation, even if the voltage measurement value is 3.1 V or below, the first diagnostic module 200 may not diagnose the battery as abnormal until the state of 3.1 V or below is maintained for 1 second or more. However, even before the first diagnostic module 200 diagnoses the battery as abnormal, that is, even before the state of 3.1 V or below is maintained for 1 second or more, the second diagnostic module 300 may diagnose the corresponding battery as abnormal based on the change in state information (voltage change).

[0101] Like the first diagnostic module 200, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose whether the battery is abnormal or in an abnormal state. In this case, the abnormality diagnosed by the second diagnostic module 300 can be the same as the abnormality diagnosed by the first diagnostic module 200. For example, the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose low voltage as a battery abnormality. However, the level of abnormality diagnosed by the first diagnostic module 200 and the level of abnormality diagnosed by the second diagnostic module 300 can be different. (See reference...) Figure 5 Together Figure 3 To describe this in more detail.

[0102] Figure 5 This is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a low-voltage diagnostic criterion for a battery by a second diagnostic module 300 according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0103] Reference Figure 5The second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to diagnose whether the battery has a low voltage. In this case, the second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to distinguish whether the battery voltage is in a normal state or an abnormal (low voltage) state. In other words, the second diagnostic stage defined by the second diagnostic module 300 can be divided into two levels (E1, E2) relative to the battery state. Specifically, the second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to diagnose only the failure stage as an abnormal battery state. Here, the failure stage (level E2) of the second diagnostic module 300 can be represented as... Figure 3 The first diagnostic module 200 shown is in the same state as the fault stage (level C5).

[0104] In other words, the abnormal state of the battery can be diagnosed by the first diagnostic module 200 and classified into several stages, and the abnormal state diagnosed by the second diagnostic module 300 can be at the same level as the worst-case abnormal state among the several abnormal levels diagnosed by the first diagnostic module 200. For example, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose an abnormality only when the battery's low voltage level is at a level that could lead to a fault, and diagnose the rest as normal. At the same time, even if the battery's low voltage is not at a level that could lead to a fault, the first diagnostic module 200 may not diagnose the low voltage as normal, but rather diagnose it as an abnormal state (warning, danger, defect) that is less serious than a fault.

[0105] In this embodiment, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose only the most severe emergency situations as abnormal states. Therefore, it can be assumed that the first diagnostic module 200 is prepared to perform routine diagnostics, and the second diagnostic module 300 is prepared to perform emergency diagnostics. According to this embodiment of the present disclosure, for abnormal conditions such as low or overvoltage of the battery, routine diagnostics using the first diagnostic module 200 (first diagnostics) and emergency diagnostics using the second diagnostic module 300 (second diagnostics) can be performed simultaneously. Therefore, composite diagnostics can be performed for battery abnormalities, and diagnostic performance can be further improved through the mutual complementarity between the diagnostics.

[0106] In particular, according to one embodiment of this disclosure, a battery can be diagnosed more accurately even when the battery's state changes rapidly. (See also...) Figure 6 Let me explain this in more detail.

[0107] Figure 6 This is a graph showing voltage measurements of batteries according to different embodiments of this disclosure. Specifically, Figure 6 It can be viewed as a voltage curve showing the battery discharge status.

[0108] exist Figure 6In the implementation method, graphs Gb1 and Gb2 of two different voltage measurement results are shown. Additionally, Figure 6 The standard voltage is shown as a diagnostic criterion for diagnosing abnormalities in voltage measurement results, and whether the battery is abnormal is shown along with the abnormal state of the battery distinguished by each diagnostic criterion.

[0109] More specifically, in Figure 6 In the implementation method, it is similar to that described above. Figure 3 In this implementation, the standard voltage R1 distinguishing between Normal and Warning 1 is set to 3.1 V, the standard voltage R2 distinguishing between Warning 1 and Warning 2 is set to 2.5 V, and the standard voltage R3 distinguishing between Warning 2 and Fault is set to 2.3 V. This classification of standard voltages and abnormal states can be used or performed by the first diagnostic module 200. Furthermore, similar to the previous... Figure 3 In this implementation, the first diagnostic module 200 can consider the standard time corresponding to each stage to determine each abnormal state. For example, the first diagnostic module 200 can consider whether a voltage measurement value of 3.1 V or below is held for 1 second or more to diagnose a warning stage.

[0110] In this scenario, referring to the Gb1 curve, the voltage measurement value enters 3.1 V or below at point pb1. At this time, the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose the corresponding battery as being in the initial level of Warning 1, an abnormal state, at time point tb2 (where 1 second has elapsed as a standard time since the tb1 time point corresponding to pb1). Referring to the Gb1 curve, the battery voltage at time point tb2 when the warning stage is diagnosed can be considered as point pb2. Furthermore, point pb2 can be considered as still existing at the level corresponding to the warning stage. Therefore, it can be considered that the diagnosis of the first diagnostic module 200 has been appropriately performed. Thus, in this embodiment, an appropriate judgment and response can be made solely through the diagnosis of the first diagnostic module 200.

[0111] Next, referring to the Gb2 curve, like the Gb1 curve... Figure 1 Similarly, the voltage measurement value becomes 3.1 V or below at point pb1. However, compared to the Gb1 curve, the Gb2 curve shows a very steep slope. This can be interpreted as indicating that the battery corresponding to the Gb2 curve discharges much more rapidly than the battery corresponding to the Gb1 curve. In this case, the battery may not be accurately diagnosed using only the first diagnostic module 200.

[0112] For example, in the Gb2 curve, the first diagnostic module 200 can diagnose the battery as being in an abnormal state, such as a warning state, only at time point tb2, which is one second after time point tb1 (as a standard time). However, in the Gb2 curve, the voltage measurement value at time points tb3 and tb4, which are less than one second after time point tb1, has already passed the lower boundary of the Warning 1 stage (pb3) and the lower boundary of the Danger 2 stage (pb4). Furthermore, at point pb2', which is one second after time point tb1, the battery is already in the Fault stage. In this case, the first diagnostic module 200 may only diagnose the abnormal state, especially the warning state, at time point tb2. Therefore, using only the first diagnostic module 200 may not be able to quickly and accurately diagnose whether the battery is abnormal or in an abnormal state.

[0113] However, according to one embodiment of this disclosure, in battery discharge conditions such as those shown in the Gb2 curve, even if the first diagnostic module 200 fails to accurately diagnose whether the battery is abnormal or its state, the second diagnostic module 300 can still diagnose whether the battery is abnormal. For example, even if the first diagnostic module 200 cannot diagnose the low voltage condition of the battery because the low voltage condition does not meet the standard time, the second diagnostic module 300 can still diagnose the low voltage condition of the battery.

[0114] Specifically, the rapid drop in battery discharge voltage, as shown in the Gb2 curve, is highly abnormal rather than a normal discharge condition, and the second diagnostic module 300 can perform emergency diagnostics for this abnormality. Furthermore, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose the battery abnormality as a single stage, unlike the first diagnostic module 200 which diagnoses it as several stages. In this case, using the second diagnostic module 300 allows for faster and more urgent diagnosis. Moreover, the abnormality diagnosed by the second diagnostic module 300 can correspond to the most severe level among the several abnormalities diagnosed by the first diagnostic module 200. Therefore, the battery management device according to this disclosure can take appropriate follow-up measures.

[0115] In cases where the battery state (e.g., voltage) changes rapidly, as shown in the Gb2 curve, reference will be made. Figure 7 The configuration of the second diagnostic module 300 for diagnosing whether the battery is abnormal is described in more detail.

[0116] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration for diagnosing whether a battery is malfunctioning by a second diagnostic module 300, according to an embodiment of this disclosure. For example, Figure 7 It can be shown Figure 6A magnified view of part A1 in the Gb2 curve.

[0117] Reference Figure 7 The measurement module 100 can periodically measure battery status information, such as voltage information. Figure 7 In this context, the voltage measurement period is indicated as tp. For example, the voltage measurement period (tp) could be 50 ms. Figure 7 In the curve graph, the state information measured periodically from the point (pb1) with a voltage of 3.1 V is displayed as m1, m2 and m3.

[0118] If voltage measurement information is received from the measurement module 100, the second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to calculate the change in state information (voltage information). In this case, the second diagnostic module 300 can use the currently measured state information and the previously measured state information to calculate the change in state information. Specifically, the second diagnostic module 300 can use the currently measured state information and the state information measured in the most recent cycle to calculate the change in state information. For example, the second diagnostic module 300 can calculate vd1 as the change between the battery voltage at point pb1 and the battery voltage at point m1 one measurement cycle later. Furthermore, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose whether the battery at point m1 is abnormal by using the difference (vd1) between the most recent measurement value and the current measurement value.

[0119] The second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose whether the battery is abnormal by comparing the change in the battery's status information with a second diagnostic criterion. Specifically, if the change in the battery's status information deviates from the second diagnostic criterion, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose the battery as abnormal.

[0120] Here, the second diagnostic criterion may include a standard value for comparison with the amount of change in state information calculated by the second diagnostic module 300. For example, the second diagnostic criterion is a criterion for diagnosing low battery voltage and may include a standard amount of change in battery voltage. Furthermore, when the second diagnostic module 300 uses the amount of change in battery voltage to diagnose whether the battery has low voltage, the standard amount of change used as the second diagnostic criterion may be a value representing a range of voltage changes that may occur when the battery is in a normal state, especially a maximum value.

[0121] As a more specific example, refer to Figure 5 The standard change value used as the second diagnostic criterion can be set to 0.03V. In this case, if the battery voltage change value is greater than the standard change value (0.03V), the second diagnostic module 300 can determine that the corresponding battery is abnormal. Here, the voltage change value or the standard change value is expressed as an absolute value, and only their magnitudes can be compared.

[0122] For example, in a discharge scenario where the voltage decreases over time, subtracting the voltage measurement from the previous cycle from the current cycle's voltage measurement might result in a negative (-) value for the voltage change. However, by converting the voltage change to an absolute value and expressing it without the negative sign, its magnitude can be compared to a standard change. When the battery is discharging, if the voltage change (absolute value) exceeds the standard change (absolute value), the battery can be identified as being in a low-voltage state. Conversely, when the battery is charging, if the voltage change exceeds the standard change, the battery can be identified as being in an overvoltage state. Of course, the voltage change or standard change can be a concept that considers the sign (+, -) rather than the absolute value.

[0123] At the same time, such as Figure 5 The second diagnostic criterion for the standard variation in the data can be stored in the second diagnostic module 300 or the memory 400. Alternatively, the second diagnostic criterion can be calculated by the second diagnostic module 300 or other external components, or it can be sent to the second diagnostic module 300 from other external components. For example, the second diagnostic criterion can be input by the user through an input device, or it can be sent to the second diagnostic module 300 from an external server or other external network via a wired or wireless communication network.

[0124] According to this embodiment, when the battery's state (e.g., voltage) changes rapidly, battery diagnosis can be performed more quickly and accurately. Furthermore, the first diagnostic module 200 can specifically diagnose whether the battery is abnormal under normal conditions. However, when the first diagnostic module 200 considers the duration, it may not be able to properly diagnose the abnormal state if the battery's abnormal state changes rapidly. However, according to this embodiment, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose abnormal states accompanying rapid changes in the battery. Therefore, by complementing each other's diagnoses, the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300 can perform appropriate diagnoses as needed.

[0125] The second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal by considering the number of times the change in state information deviates from the second diagnostic criterion. Specifically, the second diagnostic module 300 can compare the number of times the change in state information deviates from the second diagnostic criterion (the number of deviations) with the standard number. Furthermore, the second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal based on the comparison result. Here, "number of times" can refer to the number of measurement cycles in which the change in state information is measured as deviating from the second diagnostic criterion when the battery is periodically measured.

[0126] For example, see Figure 7In this implementation, voltage information can be periodically measured by the measurement module 100. If the measurement period (tp) is 50 ms, the battery voltage information can be measured every 50 ms, thus allowing the second diagnostic module 300 to measure the battery voltage change every 50 ms. Figure 7 In this process, the value measured in the cycle following point pb1 corresponds to point m1, and the voltage change between point pb1 and point m1 is vd1. Furthermore, the voltage change between point m1 and point m2 measured in the next cycle is vd2, and the voltage change between point m2 and point m3 measured in the next cycle is vd3. If the values ​​of vd1, vd2, and vd3 all exceed the standard change (e.g., 0.03 V), the second diagnostic module 300 can count the number of deviations as 3 (3 cycles). As another example, when vd1 and vd2 exceed the standard change but vd3 does not exceed the standard change, the second diagnostic module 300 can count the number of deviations as two (2 cycles).

[0127] In this way, the second diagnostic module 300 can calculate the number of deviations from the change in status information, and diagnose a battery malfunction if the number of deviations exceeds a standard number. Here, the standard number is a value or range used for comparison with the number of deviations, and can, for example, be set as the minimum number of times the battery is diagnosed as malfunctioning. The standard number can be pre-stored in the second diagnostic module 300 or the battery module, or it can be calculated under certain conditions. For example, as... Figure 5 As shown in the table, 10 cycles can be set as the standard number for diagnosing a battery as a failure. In this case, when the voltage change exceeds the standard change 10 times (cycles) or more, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose the corresponding battery as a failure.

[0128] According to this embodiment, when the battery is diagnosed as abnormal by the second diagnostic module 300, the accuracy of the diagnosis can be improved. For example, measurement errors in the measurement module 100 may occur in a specific measurement cycle, but the problem of incorrectly diagnosing the battery as abnormal due to temporary errors or mistakes can be prevented.

[0129] In this embodiment, the "number" in the deviation number or standard number considered by the second diagnostic module 300 can be understood from a time perspective. For example, when measuring with a period of 50 ms, the standard number set to 10 cycles can be changed by applying a standard time of 500 ms (0.5 seconds). At this time, the standard time considered by the second diagnostic module 300 (the second standard time) can be compared with that of the previous standard time. Figure 3In the embodiments, the standard time considered by the first diagnostic module 200 (the first standard time) is set differently. Specifically, since the second diagnostic module 300 can perform diagnoses of more urgent situations than the first diagnostic module 200, the second standard time can be set shorter than the first standard time. For example, the first standard time can be set to 1 second, and the second standard time can be set to 0.5 seconds. That is, the standard time considered by the second diagnostic module can be determined to be a value shorter than the standard time considered by the first diagnostic module when converted to a time unit.

[0130] The second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to sum the number of discontinuous deviations (i.e., the number of intermittent deviations) and compare the number with a standard number.

[0131] For example, suppose that the measured change exceeds the standard change in the first to fourth measurement cycles, does not exceed the standard change in the fifth measurement cycle, and then exceeds the standard change in the sixth and seventh measurement cycles. In this case, the number of deviations in the first to fourth measurement cycles is 4, and the number of deviations in the sixth to seventh measurement cycles is 2. Although the four deviations and two deviations are not consecutive, their deviation numbers can be added together. Therefore, the second diagnostic module 300 can calculate the number of deviations in the first to seventh measurement cycles as 6, and then compare this number with the standard number.

[0132] According to this embodiment, continuous monitoring can be achieved even when abnormal situations such as sudden discharges are temporarily interrupted or in a lulled state. Therefore, according to this embodiment, even if an emergency situation of rapid discharge occurs again after a temporary interruption of an abnormal situation, the situation can be appropriately diagnosed and responded to.

[0133] However, in this embodiment, the second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to add up the number of discontinuous deviations only if the deviation occurs within a specific number of times. Here, the specific number of times to be added can be set in various ways according to various conditions or circumstances such as battery specifications, type, and operating status.

[0134] For example, if a deviation (first deviation) is diagnosed in the first to fifth measurement cycles and a deviation (second deviation) is also diagnosed after a considerable period of time (e.g., in the 500th to 505th measurement cycles), it can be considered that a considerable amount of time has passed between the first and second deviations. Therefore, it can be predicted that the correlation between the first and second deviations is not high. Thus, in this case, the second diagnostic module 300 can compare each deviation number with a standard number without adding the deviation numbers of the first and second deviations.

[0135] The number of criteria considered when performing the second diagnostic operation by the second diagnostic module 300 can be set differently depending on the circumstances. In particular, the number of criteria can have different values ​​depending on the amount of change in the status information. (Refer to...) Figure 8 To describe this in more detail.

[0136] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a table of low-voltage diagnostic criteria for a battery by a second diagnostic module 300 according to another embodiment of this disclosure.

[0137] Reference Figure 8 This includes multiple standard variations corresponding to several levels, E21 to E25. Here, a standard variation can be a standard value used for comparison with changes in battery state information. For example, when diagnosing low or overvoltage conditions based on battery voltage information, the standard variation is a value compared to the voltage change and can be expressed in voltage units such as "volts (V)".

[0138] Furthermore, standard variations can be expressed as specific values ​​or specific ranges. For example, in Figure 8 In this code, only the lower limit of the standard variation for each level is displayed, and the upper limit can be related to the lower limit of the next level. For example, the lower limit for level E21 is described as "greater than 0.03 V," and the lower limit for the next level, E22, is "greater than 0.09 V." Therefore, the upper limit for level E21 can be expressed as "0.09 V or less." Thus, level E21 can be expressed as "greater than 0.03 V and less than 0.09 V." Furthermore, the upper limits for each level of E22 and E23 can be set in the same way.

[0139] also, Figure 8 The levels E21 to E25 shown can be Figure 5 The breakdown of the exception level E2 (Failure) is shown below. That is, in... Figure 5 In the implementation method, cases greater than 0.03 V are classified as abnormal, and... Figure 8In this implementation, abnormal conditions greater than 0.03 V are further subdivided into several levels based on the magnitude of the voltage change.

[0140] As in Figure 8 In this implementation, the number of standards can be set to correspond to each standard change. Furthermore, the number of standards can have different values ​​depending on the standard change. In other words, the number of standards considered by the second diagnostic module 300 when performing the second diagnostic operation can be determined based on the level of the change in the state information (i.e., within which range of standard changes the change in the state information is included). Therefore, the number of standards can be considered to have different values ​​depending on the change in the battery's state information.

[0141] More specifically, in Figure 8 In the implementation, for level E21, the standard variation is 0.03 V to 0.09 V, and the number of standards is 10 cycles. Furthermore, for level E22, the standard variation is 0.09 V to 0.16 V, and the number of standards is 5 cycles. Furthermore, for level E23, the standard variation is 0.16 V to 0.23 V, and the number of standards is 3 cycles. Furthermore, for level E24, the standard variation is greater than 0.23 V, and the number of standards is 2 cycles. Finally, for level E25, the standard variation is greater than 0.3 V, and the number of standards is 2 cycles.

[0142] In particular, the number of standards can be set, at least in part, to have a lower value as the amount of standard variation increases. For example, in Figure 8 In the illustrated implementation, the standard variation can be considered as increasing from the E21 level to the E24 level, for example, greater than 0.03 V, greater than 0.09 V, greater than 0.16 V, and greater than 0.23 V. Furthermore, as the standard variation increases, the number of standards can be gradually reduced, for example, to 10 cycles, 5 cycles, 3 cycles, and 2 cycles.

[0143] Here, the standard number for each level can be pre-stored in the memory 400 or the second diagnostic module 300, or calculated by the second diagnostic module 300, etc. Furthermore, when the battery's state information (e.g., voltage) changes according to a current trend, the standard number can be calculated to be a value just before a fault occurs. Specifically, assuming the change in state information is as large as possible within the corresponding range, the standard number for each level can be determined to be a value that allows for as many measurements as possible without causing serious conditions such as a fault.

[0144] For example, see Figure 3In this implementation, the starting point for a battery malfunction can be 3.1 V, and the most severe malfunction can be when the battery voltage is 2 V or below. In this case, the standard value can be determined to be 2.1 V to 2.2 V, which ensures that the battery voltage does not drop to 2 V or below and ensures a small safety margin at 2 V for more accurate diagnosis of malfunctions. As a more specific example, in... Figure 8 In the implementation, referring to level E21, the standard variation can be from 0.03 V to 0.09 V. The worst case in level E21 is 0.09 V. Therefore, the standard number for level E21 can be determined using an abnormal starting voltage of 3.1 V, a minimum voltage to ensure a safety margin of 2.1 V, and a maximum voltage variation of 0.09 V in the corresponding range, as follows.

[0145] 3.1 - (0.09 * X) > 2.1 (where X is the standard number)

[0146] X<11.11...

[0147] Here, the standard number X can be defined as 11 or less. In this case, as a concept for providing an additional safety margin, X can be determined to be 10 by subtracting 1. As in this case... Figure 8 As shown, the standard number for the E21 level can be set to 10 cycles. In this embodiment, the standard number of 10 cycles can be considered as the number of measurements (the number of measurement cycles) that consider as many times as possible under the voltage change state corresponding to the E21 level range without causing battery failure. On the other hand, in this specification, "*" can represent the "multiplication sign (×)" of the formula.

[0148] exist Figure 8 In this implementation, other levels, namely levels E22 to E25, can also be calculated in the same way. For example, in level E22, considering 0.16 V as the upper limit of the corresponding level or as the lower limit of level E23, the standard number can be determined using the following relational expression.

[0149] 3.1 - (0.16 * X) > 2.1

[0150] X<6.25

[0151] At this point, the standard number can be determined as a value less than or equal to 6, such as 5, which is 6 minus 1.

[0152] At the same time, Figure 8In some implementations, the E25 level, which has the highest voltage range, may not have an upper limit or a next level. In this case, like the E24 level, the standard number for the E25 level can be set to two cycles. In particular, the standard number considered when the second diagnostic operation is performed by the second diagnostic module 300 can be set to at least two cycles or more to prevent erroneous diagnosis due to measurement errors, etc. Furthermore, if the voltage change is too large, the standard number can be set to one.

[0153] In this embodiment, the second diagnostic module 300 can determine the level range to which the change in battery state information, such as the change in battery voltage, belongs. Furthermore, the second diagnostic module 300 can determine whether a standard number of measurements is met for the level to which the battery voltage change belongs. Here, if the number of measurements of the battery voltage change (the number of measurement cycles) is greater than or equal to the standard number for the corresponding level, the second diagnostic module 300 can ultimately diagnose a battery abnormality.

[0154] For example, if the battery voltage change is 0.06 V, the second diagnostic module 300 can determine that the battery belongs to the E21 level and set the standard number to 10 cycles. Alternatively, if the battery voltage change is measured to be greater than 0.03 V 10 times or more, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose the corresponding battery as abnormal, especially as a failure.

[0155] As another example, if the battery voltage change is 0.19 V, the second diagnostic module 300 can determine that the battery belongs to the E23 level and set the standard number to 3 cycles. Alternatively, if the battery voltage change is measured to be greater than 0.16 V three or more times, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose the corresponding battery as abnormal.

[0156] Meanwhile, the second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to calculate the standard number based on the current battery state, or to change a previously calculated or stored standard number. Furthermore, in an embodiment diagnosing low voltage, the second diagnostic module 300 can calculate the standard number based on voltage measurements.

[0157] For example, in this embodiment, the standard number is set using an abnormal starting voltage of 3.1 V. However, if the current measured voltage value is lower than 3.1 V, the second diagnostic module 300 can calculate or change the standard number based on the current measured voltage value.

[0158] More specifically, in Figure 8 In the implementation of this method, for the standard variation of 0.03 V to 0.09 V corresponding to the E21 level, the second diagnostic module 300 can calculate the number of standards as follows.

[0159] 2.5 - (0.09*X) > 2.1

[0160] X<4.44...

[0161] In this case, the second diagnostic module 300 can set the standard number of E21 levels (0.03 V to 0.09 V) to 3. Additionally, if the voltage change is measured three or more times within the range of 0.03 V to 0.09 V, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose a low-voltage fault in the corresponding battery.

[0162] Meanwhile, the standard number calculated by the second diagnostic module 300 can be stored or updated automatically, or stored or updated in the memory 400, etc.

[0163] If the change in status information changes, the second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to perform a diagnosis by changing the standard number. That is, when performing a second diagnostic operation based on a standard number derived from a specific change in status information, if the corresponding change in status information changes, the second diagnostic module 300 can change the standard number. Furthermore, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose abnormal battery conditions based on the changed standard number.

[0164] Specifically, in a configuration for low-voltage or overvoltage diagnosis, the second diagnostic module 300 can derive a corresponding first standard number based on a first voltage change amount, which is the current voltage change amount. Furthermore, the second diagnostic module 300 can perform a second diagnostic operation by checking whether the corresponding battery meets the first standard number while satisfying the first voltage change amount. However, if the voltage change amount is later changed to a second voltage change amount, the second diagnostic module 300 can derive a new second standard number corresponding to the second voltage change amount. Additionally, the second diagnostic module 300 can continue performing the second diagnostic operation by determining whether the battery is abnormal based on the newly derived second standard number.

[0165] Specifically, if the change in status information during the second diagnostic operation causes a change in the level, the second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to apply a higher level standard. Here, a higher level may refer to the level under a state where the change in status information is relatively severe.

[0166] For example, in Figure 8In this implementation, if the battery voltage change is 0.05 V and falls under level E21, the second diagnostic module 300 can determine the standard number as 10 cycles and check if the number of cycles with a voltage change greater than 0.03 V is 10 or more. However, in the third measurement cycle, if the battery voltage change increases to 0.12 V, the status level can change to E22. Furthermore, the standard number for level E22 is 5 cycles. In this case, the higher level between E21 and E22 can be considered as the more severe level E22 with a more severe voltage change. Therefore, the second diagnostic module 300 determines the standard number as 5 cycles corresponding to level E22, and if the voltage change is greater than 0.09 V in the subsequent 4th and 5th cycles, the standard number is 5, thus the corresponding battery can be diagnosed as abnormal (low voltage fault).

[0167] Furthermore, as the amount of change in status information increases, the number of standards can decrease; therefore, in this case, a higher level can refer to a level with a lower number of standards. Thus, when the amount of change in status information varies across two or more level ranges, the second diagnostic module 300 can use the lowest number of standards among the levels to perform a second diagnostic operation.

[0168] For example, in Figure 8 In this implementation, when the voltage change varies between the E21 and E23 ranges, the second diagnostic module 300 can set three cycles corresponding to the E23 level range as the minimum standard number. Therefore, if a voltage of 0.03 V or higher is measured three or more times, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose the battery as being in an abnormal state.

[0169] When the measurement module 100 periodically measures the state information of the battery, the number of standards can be expressed in units of time. For example, the measurement module 100 can measure the voltage change of the battery in a period of 50 ms. In this case, if the number of standards is 10 cycles, the number of standards can be expressed as 500 ms (0.5 seconds).

[0170] At this time, the number of criteria considered by the second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to be shorter than the time required for the criteria considered by the first diagnostic module 200. For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the standard time for each level considered by the first diagnostic module 200 can be set to 1 second or more. Meanwhile, as... Figure 8 As shown, the number of standards for each level considered by the second diagnostic module 300 can be set to a maximum of 0.5 seconds or less when converted to time.

[0171] According to this embodiment, the first diagnostic module 200 can more accurately diagnose battery malfunctions, and the second diagnostic module 300 can more quickly diagnose emergency situations within the battery malfunctions. Therefore, in this case, the diagnoses of the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300 can be performed complementaryly to each other.

[0172] The second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to compare the status information measured by the measurement module 100 with a third diagnostic criterion. Furthermore, the second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to operate when the measured status information deviates from the third diagnostic criterion as a result of the comparison. In other words, the second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to operate only under specific conditions, rather than under normal circumstances. Here, the specific conditions could be situations where the battery status information deviates from the third diagnostic criterion.

[0173] The third diagnostic criterion is a condition used to initiate the operation of the second diagnostic module 300, and can be pre-stored in the second diagnostic module 300 or the memory 400. Alternatively, the third diagnostic criterion can be calculated separately by the second diagnostic module 300.

[0174] For example, refer to Figure 5 The second standard voltage is indicated as another condition for determining a failure. Furthermore, this second standard voltage can be a third diagnostic criterion. Specifically, the second standard voltage for diagnosing a failure at the E2 level is set to 3.1 V or below. In this embodiment, the second diagnostic module 300 can first determine whether the battery voltage is 3.1 V or below before determining whether the standard variation exceeds 0.03 V and whether the number of variations is equal to or greater than the standard number (10 cycles).

[0175] If the battery voltage sent by the measurement module 100 exceeds 3.1 V, the second diagnostic module 300 does not need to determine whether the standard change exceeds 0.03 V, or whether such an excess is equal to or greater than the standard number. Furthermore, if the measured battery voltage exceeds 3.1 V, the second diagnostic module 300 may not calculate the battery voltage change.

[0176] Simultaneously, if the battery voltage sent by the measurement module 100 meets the second standard voltage (third diagnostic standard) condition (3.1 V or below) for E2 level indicating an abnormal state (Failure), the second diagnostic module 300 can finally initiate the second diagnostic operation. For example, when the battery voltage is 3.0 V, it meets the... Figure 5The second standard voltage is E2 level, so the second diagnostic module 300 can calculate the voltage change of the battery. Furthermore, the second diagnostic module 300 can determine whether the voltage change exceeds a standard change, and if so, whether the number of such exceedances is equal to or greater than a standard number. If the voltage change exceeds 0.03 V and the number of exceedances is 10 cycles or more, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose the battery as a failure.

[0177] The third diagnostic criterion considered during the second diagnostic operation of the second diagnostic module 300 can be set to be the same as or similar to the first diagnostic criterion considered during the first diagnostic operation of the first diagnostic module 200. Specifically, the criteria used to determine normal and abnormal conditions in the third diagnostic criterion can be set to be the same as the criteria used to determine normal and abnormal conditions in the first diagnostic criteria. In particular, when multiple first diagnostic criteria exist to classify abnormal states into multiple diagnostic stages, the third diagnostic criterion can be set to be the same as the criterion for the lowest level of abnormality among the abnormal states. In other words, the third diagnostic criterion can be set as the initial diagnostic criterion among multiple first diagnostic criteria that distinguishes between normal and abnormal. For example, in Figure 3 Among the multiple primary diagnostic criteria (primary standard voltages), the initial diagnostic criterion distinguishing between Normal and Warning 1 is 3.1 V or below. At this point, if... Figure 5 As shown, the second diagnostic criterion can be set to be the same as... Figure 3 The initial diagnostic criteria (3.1 V or below) are the same.

[0178] According to this embodiment of the present disclosure, the second diagnostic module 300 can operate effectively. In particular, when the battery is likely to be in a normal state, the second diagnostic module 300 may not be operated, thereby preventing unnecessary power or resource consumption due to the second diagnostic operation.

[0179] The second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to perform appropriate response operations based on a diagnostic operation (the second diagnostic operation). In other words, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose whether the battery is abnormal based on changes in the state information measured for the battery, and perform corresponding processing operations based on the diagnostic results. Specifically, the second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to block the battery's charging or discharging operations when the battery is diagnosed as abnormal.

[0180] For example, see Figure 5In one implementation of diagnosing whether a battery is in a low-voltage state, if the measured voltage of the battery is 3.1 V or below, the voltage change exceeds 0.03 V, and the number of times this occurs is determined to be 10 cycles or more, then the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose the corresponding battery as a low-voltage related fault. Furthermore, upon diagnosing the fault, the second diagnostic module 300 can immediately shut off the charge / discharge switch, thus blocking the charge / discharge current of the corresponding battery.

[0181] If the second diagnostic module 300 detects an abnormality, there is a high probability that this is a very serious emergency situation within the scope of the abnormality. Therefore, according to this embodiment, by stopping the charging and discharging operation of the battery in response to an emergency, problems such as damage, malfunction, thermal runaway, fire, or explosion of the battery can be prevented.

[0182] Furthermore, when a battery module or battery pack comprises multiple batteries, each battery can be referred to as a battery cell. In this case, the battery management device according to this disclosure can perform diagnostic and / or response operations for each battery cell or each group of battery cells (cell group). Specifically, when a battery experiences severe low or overvoltage, the low or overvoltage condition of the corresponding cell or cell group can be prevented from worsening by stopping the charging and discharging operations of some battery cells or cell groups. In this situation, the battery management device according to this disclosure allows other normal battery cells to continue performing operations such as charging and discharging as usual.

[0183] Furthermore, the diagnostic-based response operation of the second diagnostic module 300 can be implemented in various other forms or methods, such as issuing warnings to the user or sending relevant information to other components. Here, other components may be components included within the battery management device according to this disclosure, or components included in other devices existing outside the battery management device. Specifically, when the target battery is installed in a vehicle such as a two-wheeled vehicle, the battery management device according to this disclosure can send information about diagnostic operations (e.g., the target battery is diagnosed as being in a faulty state) or information about response operations (e.g., charge / discharge is blocked) to a higher-level control system on the vehicle, such as a VCU (Vehicle Control Unit) or an ECU (Energy Control Unit).

[0184] In addition, the first diagnostic module 200 can be configured to perform appropriate response operations based on the diagnostic operation (first diagnostic operation).

[0185] For example, the first diagnostic module 200 can send information about the diagnostic stage to other components or store it in other components as a corresponding operation for the diagnostic stage of the target battery. For example, if the target battery is diagnosed as being in the Warning 1 stage, the control module 200 can send information that the target battery is diagnosed as being in the Warning 1 stage to other components.

[0186] The first diagnostic module 200 and / or the second diagnostic module 300 may include a display unit, or may provide relevant data to an external display device to provide diagnostic results to the user. For example, the first diagnostic module 200 and / or the second diagnostic module 300 may send the diagnostic results to a system on the vehicle, and the vehicle may provide the diagnostic results to the occupants via a vehicle monitor.

[0187] The first diagnostic module 200 can be configured to control battery charging or discharging operations based on a first diagnostic operation. For example, based on the battery's diagnostic results, the first diagnostic module 200 can reduce the battery's charging or discharging current, or stop charging and discharging.

[0188] Specifically, if the abnormal state of the target battery is diagnosed as being categorized into several diagnostic stages, the first diagnostic module 200 can execute a separate response action for each diagnostic stage. For example, in Figure 3 In this implementation, when the battery's diagnostic level is C2 or C3, the first diagnostic module 200 can only display warning information to the user; and when the battery's diagnostic level is C4, the first diagnostic module 200 can reduce the battery's charging and discharging current or shorten the charging and discharging time. Furthermore, when the battery's diagnostic level is C5, the first diagnostic module 200 can completely block the battery's charging and discharging current.

[0189] The second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to operate prior to the first diagnostic module 200. That is, according to one embodiment of this disclosure, the diagnostic operations and / or response operations of the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300 can be performed on the battery independently. In this case, at least under certain circumstances, the diagnostic or response operations of the second diagnostic module 300 can take precedence over the diagnostic or response operations of the first diagnostic module 200.

[0190] Specifically, as in the preceding embodiments, when determining whether to initiate the operation of the second diagnostic module 300 based on the third diagnostic criterion, if the status information measured for the target battery deviates from the third diagnostic criterion, the second diagnostic module 300 may operate preferentially. In this case, while the operation of the second diagnostic module 300 is in progress, the first diagnostic module 200 may temporarily or temporarily halt its diagnostic or response operations. Furthermore, after completing the diagnostic and / or response operations of the second diagnostic module 300, the diagnostic and / or response operations of the first diagnostic module 200 may be executed.

[0191] However, under certain circumstances, the diagnostic and / or response operations of the first diagnostic module 200 may not be executed after the diagnostic and / or response operations of the second diagnostic module 300. Specifically, if the target battery is diagnosed as faulty by the second diagnostic module 300, charging and discharging may be blocked as a response operation. In this case, the first diagnostic module 200 may not execute a separate additional diagnostic operation (the first diagnostic operation) or response operation. Conversely, if the target battery is diagnosed as normal by the second diagnostic module 300, the first diagnostic module 200 may execute the first diagnostic operation and its corresponding response operation.

[0192] According to this embodiment of the present disclosure, more efficient diagnostic or response operations can be achieved. Specifically, if the battery is diagnosed as abnormal by the second diagnostic module 300, the abnormality level may be severe. Therefore, it is desirable to prioritize the diagnostic or response operations of the second diagnostic module 300. Furthermore, the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300 may share resources such as power or memory 400. In this case, by prioritizing the second diagnostic module 300, its response operations can be performed first. Moreover, the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300 may be implemented using a single component such as a processor, and in this case, by prioritizing the second diagnostic module 300, a second diagnostic operation more suitable for emergency situations can be performed quickly.

[0193] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating, schematically, the operation of a battery management device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0194] Reference Figure 9 If the measurement module 100 measures the battery status information, the measured status information values ​​can be sent to the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300 respectively.

[0195] At this time, the first diagnostic module 200 can perform a first diagnostic operation by comparing the measured value of the status information with a first diagnostic standard (S110) and obtaining a diagnostic result (S120). The diagnostic result obtained in step S120 refers to whether the battery is abnormal or the level of abnormality, and can be obtained in several stages such as Normal, Warning 1, Warning 2, Fault, and Failure. Furthermore, the first diagnostic module 200 can perform a response processing operation based on the obtained diagnostic stage (S130) and send the processing result to the vehicle, etc.

[0196] Furthermore, to perform the second diagnostic operation, the second diagnostic module 300 can derive the change in state information (e.g., voltage change) from the state information measurement values ​​sent from the measurement module 100 (S210). Specifically, in step S210, the second diagnostic module 300 can derive the change in state information using the currently sent state information measurement values ​​and the previously sent state information measurement values. Furthermore, the second diagnostic module 300 can compare the derived change in state information with a second diagnostic criterion (S220). In step S220, the second diagnostic module 300 can diagnose the battery's state as normal or faulty. Additionally, the second diagnostic module 300 can perform a response processing operation based on the diagnostic result (S230) and send the processing result to a vehicle, etc. For example, in step S230, the second diagnostic module 300 can block the charging and discharging of the battery.

[0197] Additionally, the memory 400 can store information required for the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300 to perform operations, and send the stored information to the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300. For example, the memory 400 can be configured to store data for the first and second diagnostic criteria, and the first diagnostic module 200 and the second diagnostic module 300 can be configured to access the stored data.

[0198] exist Figure 9 In some implementations, at least some of the operations performed by the first diagnostic module 200 can be performed after the operations performed by the second diagnostic module 300. For example, in Figure 9 In this case, the response operation execution step (S130) of the first diagnostic module 200 can be executed after the response operation execution step (S230) of the second diagnostic module 300. In this case, steps S110 and S120 of the first diagnostic module 200 can be executed independently of the diagnostic operation of the second diagnostic module 300.

[0199] As another example, in Figure 9In this process, all steps (steps S110 to S130) performed by the first diagnostic module 200 can be executed after all operations (steps S210 to S230) of the second diagnostic module 300 are performed. Furthermore, all operations (steps S110 to S130) of the first diagnostic module 200 can be configured to be executed only if diagnosed as normal by the second diagnostic module 300 in step S220.

[0200] At the same time, Figure 9 The embodiment described uses a battery installed on a vehicle, but the battery can also be installed on other devices. In this case, the first diagnostic module 200 and / or the second diagnostic module 300 can send the processing results to other devices, etc.

[0201] The battery pack according to this disclosure may include the aforementioned means for managing the battery according to this disclosure. In addition to the means for managing the battery according to this disclosure, the battery pack according to this disclosure also includes components typically included in the battery pack, such as battery cells, battery pack housing, and electronic components such as fuses, relays, and a battery management system (BMS). Furthermore, at least some functions, configurations, operations, etc., of the means for managing the battery according to this disclosure can be implemented by a BMS or various sensors included in the battery pack.

[0202] Furthermore, the battery pack according to this disclosure can be a public, replaceable battery pack for vehicles, particularly electric two-wheelers. Additionally, the battery management device according to this disclosure can be installed on such a public, replaceable battery pack for electric two-wheelers.

[0203] Additionally, a vehicle according to this disclosure may include a battery management device according to this disclosure or a battery pack according to this disclosure. Furthermore, a vehicle according to this disclosure may be electrically powered and may include a battery pack for driving. In this case, the battery management device according to this disclosure may be entirely located at the battery pack. Alternatively, the battery management device according to this disclosure may be configured to share some functions or configurations between the battery pack and the vehicle. For example, most of the operation or functions of the first diagnostic module 200 or the second diagnostic module 300 may be performed by the battery pack's BMS, but some operations or functions may be implemented by a higher-level system at the vehicle, such as an ECU (Energy Control Unit) or a VCU (Vehicle Control Unit).

[0204] In addition to devices for managing batteries or battery packs, vehicles according to this disclosure may also include other components commonly used in vehicles. Specifically, vehicles according to this disclosure may be electric two-wheeled vehicles.

[0205] Furthermore, the battery supply system according to this disclosure may include means for managing batteries according to this disclosure. Here, the battery supply system may be a concept including a battery charging system that provides charging services for discharging batteries or a battery exchange system that provides services for exchanging discharging batteries with charging batteries. Additionally, the battery supply system may include a battery inspection and repair system, such as a service center for repairing or inspecting batteries. Furthermore, the battery supply system may include a battery sales system that allows users to purchase batteries.

[0206] As described above, although this disclosure has been illustrated with limited embodiments and drawings, it is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations within the equivalent scope of the technical concept and the scope of protection claimed in this disclosure.

[0207] Figure Labels

[0208] 100: Measurement Module

[0209] 200: First Diagnostic Module

[0210] 300: Second Diagnostic Module

[0211] 400: Memory

Claims

1. A device for managing a battery, comprising: The measurement module is configured to measure the battery's status information; A first diagnostic module is configured to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal by comparing state information measured by the measurement module with a first diagnostic criterion. as well as The second diagnostic module is configured to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal based on the amount of change in state information measured by the measurement module.

2. The device for managing batteries according to claim 1, in, The status information is a voltage value, and The first diagnostic module and the second diagnostic module are configured to diagnose whether the battery has low voltage or over voltage.

3. The device for managing batteries according to claim 1, in, The first diagnostic criteria are configured in a multi-stage manner, and The first diagnostic module is configured to classify the abnormal state of the battery into multiple diagnostic stages.

4. The device for managing batteries according to claim 1, in, The first diagnostic module is configured to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal by taking into account the duration of the state information measured by the measurement module.

5. The device for managing batteries according to claim 1, in, The second diagnostic module is configured to perform anomaly diagnosis if the first diagnostic module fails to diagnose an anomaly.

6. The device for managing batteries according to claim 1, in, The measurement module periodically measures the status information, and The second diagnostic module is configured to use the currently measured state information and the state information measured in the previous cycle to calculate the change in the state information.

7. The device for managing batteries according to claim 1, in, The second diagnostic module is configured to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal by comparing the amount of change in the status information with a second diagnostic criterion.

8. The apparatus for managing a battery according to claim 7, in, The second diagnostic module is configured to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal by comparing the number of times the change in the status information deviates from the second diagnostic criterion with the standard number.

9. The apparatus for managing a battery according to claim 8, in, The number of standards varies depending on the amount of change in the state information.

10. The apparatus for managing a battery according to claim 9, in, The second diagnostic module is configured to diagnose whether the battery is abnormal by changing the standard number when the change in the status information changes.

11. The apparatus for managing a battery according to claim 1, in, The second diagnostic module is configured to compare the status information measured by the measurement module with a third diagnostic criterion, and to take action when the measured status information deviates from the third diagnostic criterion.

12. The apparatus for managing a battery according to claim 1, in, The second diagnostic module is configured to block the charging or discharging operation of the battery when the battery is diagnosed as abnormal.

13. The apparatus for managing a battery according to claim 1, in, The second diagnostic module is configured to perform operations before the first diagnostic module.

14. A battery pack comprising means for managing the battery according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. A vehicle comprising means for managing a battery according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

16. A battery supply system comprising means for managing a battery according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

Images