Display device including wire grid polarizing layer

Abstract

According to an embodiment disclosed herein, a display device including a wire grid polarizing layer is provided. The display device includes: a display layer; a quantum dot layer disposed on the display layer and including a color conversion layer including quantum dots and a scatterer; and an upper layer disposed on the quantum dot layer and including a phase retardation layer and a wire grid polarization layer disposed on the phase retardation layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments relate to display devices including a wire grid polarization layer. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of information technology, the importance of display devices as a connection medium between users and information is becoming increasingly prominent.

[0003] Display devices require a structure to improve external visibility. For example, it is necessary to adjust the external light reflectivity to improve external visibility.

[0004] Display devices may include panels capable of emitting light. The emitted light can be projected to the outside through one or more layers. Therefore, there is a need to improve the light output efficiency of display devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical issues

[0006] The embodiments provide a display device including a grating polarization layer that controls external light reflectivity and improves visibility.

[0007] The embodiments provide a display device including a linear grid polarization layer capable of improving light output efficiency.

[0008] The embodiments provide a display device including a linear grid polarization layer capable of displaying light fields.

[0009] However, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to those set forth herein. The above and other embodiments will become more apparent to those skilled in the art upon which this disclosure pertains from the following detailed description of the disclosure.

[0010] Technical solutions

[0011] According to an embodiment, the display device may include: a display layer; a quantum dot layer disposed on the display layer and including a color conversion layer comprising quantum dots and scatterers; and an upper layer disposed on the quantum dot layer and including a phase retardation layer and a wire grating polarization layer disposed on the phase retardation layer.

[0012] According to an embodiment, the upper layer may further include an upper substrate disposed on the wire grid polarization layer. The wire grid polarization layer may include a wire grid pattern layer disposed below the upper substrate. Each wire grid pattern layer may include: a first layer disposed on the upper substrate; a second layer disposed on the first layer; and a third layer disposed on the second layer. The first layer and the second layer may include different metallic materials.

[0013] According to one embodiment, the first layer can absorb at least a portion of the light incident on it. The second layer can reflect at least a portion of the light incident on it.

[0014] According to an embodiment, the first layer may include molybdenum tantalum oxide (MoTaO). x The second layer may include aluminum (Al).

[0015] According to the implementation method, the thickness of the first layer can be in the range of about 350 nm to about 550 nm.

[0016] According to the implementation method, the first layer can be in contact with the upper substrate.

[0017] According to an embodiment, the upper substrate may include a glass material.

[0018] According to an embodiment, the phase delay layer may include a λ / 4 phase delay film.

[0019] According to the implementation method, the phase delay layer and the wire grating polarization layer can be directly adjacent to each other.

[0020] According to an embodiment, the upper layer may further include an optical layer disposed on the quantum dot layer and a color filter layer disposed on the optical layer. The optical layer and the color filter layer may be directly adjacent to each other to form an interface.

[0021] According to the implementation method, the refractive index of the optical layer can be greater than the refractive index of the color filter layer and less than the refractive index of the color conversion layer.

[0022] According to an embodiment, the display device may further include: a first sub-pixel forming a first sub-pixel region providing light of a first color; a second sub-pixel forming a second sub-pixel region providing light of a second color; and a third sub-pixel forming a third sub-pixel region providing light of a third color. The color conversion layer may include: a first color conversion layer disposed in the first sub-pixel region; and a second color conversion layer disposed in the second sub-pixel region. The quantum dot layer may further include a scattering layer disposed in the third sub-pixel region.

[0023] According to the implementation method, the first color conversion layer, the second color conversion layer and the scattering layer may each include a scatterer.

[0024] According to an embodiment, the display device may further include a light control layer disposed on the upper layer. The light control layer may include: a variable light transmission layer comprising liquid crystal molecules; and a lens layer disposed on the variable light transmission layer, and including a lens and a peripheral layer disposed on the lens.

[0025] According to the embodiment, the light provided by the display layer can be provided as linearly polarized output light and input to the light control layer. A lens and a peripheral layer can form an interface. The display device can operate in a 2D image mode for displaying two-dimensional (2D) images or a 3D image mode for displaying three-dimensional (3D) images. When the display device operates in 2D image mode, the linearly polarized output light can be transmitted without refraction at the interface. When the display device operates in 3D image mode, the linearly polarized output light can be refracted at the interface.

[0026] According to an embodiment, the display device may include: a display layer including a lower substrate, a pixel circuit layer including pixel circuits disposed on the lower substrate, and a light-emitting element electrically connected to the pixel circuits; a quantum dot layer disposed on the display layer and including a color conversion layer and a scattering layer; and an upper layer disposed on the quantum dot layer and including an optical layer, a color filter layer on the optical layer, a phase retardation layer on the color filter layer, a linear grid polarization layer on the phase retardation layer, and an upper substrate directly on the linear grid polarization layer.

[0027] According to an embodiment, the phase delay layer may include a λ / 4 phase delay film.

[0028] According to an embodiment, the display device may include: a display layer that emits light; a wire grid polarization layer disposed on the display layer and including a wire grid pattern layer; and an upper substrate disposed on the wire grid polarization layer and forming a grid base, on which the wire grid pattern layer is disposed. Each wire grid pattern layer may include a first layer directly on the grid base, a second layer on the first layer, and a third layer on the second layer. The first and second layers may include different metallic materials. The first layer may absorb at least a portion of the light incident on it. The second layer may reflect at least a portion of the light incident on it.

[0029] According to an embodiment, the first layer may include molybdenum tantalum oxide (MoTaO). x The second layer may include aluminum (Al).

[0030] According to the implementation method, the thickness of the first layer can be in the range of about 350 nm to about 550 nm.

[0031] Beneficial effects

[0032] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a display device may be provided including a wire grid polarization layer in which external light reflectivity is controlled and visibility is improved.

[0033] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a display device may be provided including a wire grid polarization layer, wherein light extraction efficiency is improved.

[0034] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a display device including a linear grid polarization layer and capable of displaying light fields can be provided. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic plan view showing a display device according to an embodiment.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a display device according to an embodiment.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the display layer according to an embodiment.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a display device according to an embodiment.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a wire grid polarization layer according to an embodiment.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the optical path in a display device according to an embodiment.

[0041] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the results of an experiment performed to explain the low-reflection characteristics of the wire grid polarization layer according to the embodiment.

[0042] Figure 8 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a display device according to an embodiment.

[0043] Figure 9 This is a schematic block diagram illustrating the operation mode of the display device according to an embodiment.

[0044] Figure 10 It is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe a two-dimensional (2D) image mode of a display device according to an embodiment.

[0045] Figure 11 It is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe a three-dimensional (3D) image mode of a display device according to an embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0046] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth for illustrative purposes to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments or embodiments of the invention. As used herein, “implementation” and “example” are interchangeable terms and are non-limiting examples of the apparatus or methods disclosed herein. However, it will be apparent that various implementations may be practiced without these specific details or with one or more equivalent arrangements. These various implementations are not necessarily exclusive nor do they limit this disclosure. For example, specific shapes, configurations, and characteristics of an implementation may be used or implemented in another implementation.

[0047] Unless otherwise stated, the embodiments shown are to be understood as providing features of the invention. Therefore, unless otherwise stated, features, components, modules, layers, films, panels, regions and / or aspects (hereinafter individually or collectively referred to as “elements”) of various embodiments may be combined, separated, interchanged and / or rearranged without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0048] Crosshairs and / or shading are typically used in the accompanying drawings to clarify the boundaries between adjacent elements. Therefore, unless otherwise stated, the presence or absence of crosshairs or shading does not convey or indicate any preference or requirement for particular materials, material properties, dimensions, proportions, commonalities between illustrated elements, and / or any other characteristics, properties, or characteristics of the elements. Furthermore, in the accompanying drawings, the dimensions and relative dimensions of elements may be exaggerated for clarity and / or descriptive purposes. When embodiments can be implemented differently, a particular sequence of processes may be performed differently than the sequence described. For example, two consecutively described processes may be performed substantially simultaneously, or in the reverse order of their description. Additionally, the same reference numerals denote the same elements.

[0049] When an element or layer is referred to as being "on," "connected to," or "attached to" another element or layer, it can be directly on, directly connected to, or directly attached to the other element or layer, or an intervening element or layer may be present. However, when an element or layer is referred to as being "directly on," "directly connected to," or "directly attached to" another element or layer, an intervening element or layer is not present. Therefore, the term "connection" can refer to a physical connection, electrical connection, and / or fluid connection with or without an intervening element. Furthermore, the axes of the first direction DR1, the second direction DR2, and the third direction DR3 are not limited to the three axes of a Cartesian coordinate system, such as the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis, and can be interpreted in a broader sense. For example, the axes of the first direction DR1, the second direction DR2, and the third direction DR3 can be perpendicular to each other, or can represent different directions that are not perpendicular to each other. For the purposes of this disclosure, "at least one of A and B" can be understood to mean only A, only B, or any combination of A and B. Furthermore, "at least one of X, Y, and Z" and "at least one selected from the group consisting of X, Y, and Z" can be interpreted as X only, Y only, Z only, or any combination of two or more of X, Y, and Z. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the relevant listed items.

[0050] Although the terms “first,” “second,” etc., may be used herein to describe various types of elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of this disclosure, the first element discussed below may be referred to as the second element.

[0051] For descriptive purposes, spatial relative terms such as “below,” “under,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” “above,” “higher,” and “side” (e.g., as in “sidewall”) may be used herein to describe the relationship between one element and another(s) shown in the accompanying drawings. In addition to the orientations depicted in the drawings, the spatial relative terms are intended to also encompass different orientations of the device in use, operation, and / or manufacture. For example, if the device in the drawings is flipped, an element described as being “below” or “under” other elements or features will consequently be oriented “above” other elements or features. Thus, the term “below” can encompass both above and below orientations. Furthermore, the device may be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and therefore the spatial relative descriptive terms used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

[0052] This disclosure relates to a display device including a linear grid polarization layer. Hereinafter, a display device including a linear grid polarization layer according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic plan view showing a display device according to an embodiment.

[0054] refer to Figure 1 The display device DD may include a base layer BSL and pixels PXL disposed on the base layer BSL. For example, the display device DD may also include driving circuitry (e.g., scan driver and data driver), wiring, pads, etc., for driving the pixels PXL.

[0055] The display device DD (or base layer BSL) may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA. The non-display area NDA may refer to an area other than the display area DA. The non-display area NDA may surround at least a portion of the display area DA.

[0056] The base layer (BSL) can form the base surface of the display device (DD). The base layer (BSL) can be a rigid substrate, a flexible substrate, or a film. For example, the base layer (BSL) can be a rigid substrate comprising glass or tempered glass, a flexible substrate (or film) comprising plastic or metal, or at least one insulating layer. The material and / or physical properties of the base layer (BSL) are not limited thereto.

[0057] The display area DA can refer to the area where pixels PXL are set. The non-display area NDA can refer to the area where pixels PXL are not set. The driving circuitry, wiring, and pads of the pixels PXL connected to the display area DA can be located in the non-display area NDA.

[0058] According to the implementation method, pixel PXL (or sub-pixel SPX) can be configured according to stripes or pentiles. TM An array structure can be used for arrangement. However, the implementation method is not limited to this, and various implementation methods can be implemented.

[0059] According to an implementation, a pixel PXL (or sub-pixel SPX) may include a first sub-pixel SPX1, a second sub-pixel SPX2, and a third sub-pixel SPX3. The first sub-pixel SPX1, the second sub-pixel SPX2, and the third sub-pixel SPX3 may each be a sub-pixel. At least one first sub-pixel SPX1, at least one second sub-pixel SPX2, and at least one third sub-pixel SPX3 may form a pixel unit (e.g., a single pixel unit) that emits light of various colors.

[0060] Each of the first sub-pixel SPX1, the second sub-pixel SPX2, and the third sub-pixel SPX3 can emit light of a specific color.

[0061] For example, the first sub-pixel SPX1 can be a red pixel emitting red light (e.g., a first color), the second sub-pixel SPX2 can be a green pixel emitting green light (e.g., a second color), and the third sub-pixel SPX3 can be a blue pixel emitting blue light (e.g., a third color). The red pixel can provide light with a wavelength of approximately 600 nm to approximately 750 nm. The green pixel can provide light with a wavelength of approximately 480 nm to approximately 560 nm. The blue pixel can provide light with a wavelength of approximately 370 nm to approximately 460 nm.

[0062] According to the implementation, the number of second sub-pixels SPX2 can be greater than the number of first sub-pixels SPX1 and the number of third sub-pixels SPX3. However, the color, type, and / or number of the first sub-pixels SPX1, second sub-pixels SPX2, and third sub-pixels SPX3 forming each pixel unit are not limited to the specific example.

[0063] Reference Figures 2 to 5 A display device DD including a wire grid polarization layer WGP is described according to an embodiment.

[0064] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a display device according to an embodiment. Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the display layer according to an embodiment. Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a display device according to an embodiment. Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a wire grid polarization layer according to an embodiment.

[0065] refer to Figures 2 to 5 The display device DD according to the embodiment may include a display layer DL, a quantum dot layer QL, and an upper layer UPL. The quantum dot layer QL may be a dam layer.

[0066] The display layer DL can emit light. The display layer DL can form a base on which a quantum dot layer QL is disposed.

[0067] The display layer DL may include a pixel circuit layer PCL containing a base layer BSL and a light-emitting element layer LEL. The light-emitting element layer LEL may include light-emitting elements LD and form sub-pixels SPX.

[0068] A base layer (BSL) can form the base on which pixel circuits (PXCs) are disposed. The pixel circuits (PXCs) can be disposed on the base layer (BSL) and can drive light-emitting elements (LDs). The pixel circuit layer (PCL) can include a conductive layer and an insulating layer, and the conductive layer can form the pixel circuits (PXCs). The pixel circuits (PXCs) can include circuit elements for driving sub-pixels (SPXs) (or light-emitting elements (LDs)). The circuit elements can include driving transistors and may include additional transistors and capacitors.

[0069] According to the implementation method, the base layer BSL can be referred to as the first substrate. The base layer BSL can also be referred to as the lower substrate.

[0070] The light-emitting element layer (LEL) can be disposed on the pixel circuit layer (PCL). According to an embodiment, the LEL may include a light-emitting element (LD). The LD may be an inorganic light-emitting diode comprising inorganic semiconductors, or it may be an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) comprising organic materials. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto. For ease of explanation, an embodiment in which the light-emitting element LD includes an OLED will be described.

[0071] The light-emitting element layer (LEL) may also include a pixel-defining layer (PDL), a capping layer (CPL), and an encapsulation film (or encapsulation layer) (TFE).

[0072] According to an embodiment, the light-emitting element (LD) can be disposed on the pixel circuit layer (PCL). The LD may include a first light-emitting element contained in a first sub-pixel SPX1, a second light-emitting element contained in a second sub-pixel SPX2, and a third light-emitting element contained in a third sub-pixel SPX3. The first light-emitting element may include a first emitting unit EL1 and a first-first electrode ELT1-1. The second light-emitting element may include a second emitting unit EL2 and a second-first electrode ELT1-2. The third light-emitting element may include a third emitting unit EL3 and a third-first electrode ELT1-3.

[0073] According to an embodiment, the light-emitting element (LD) may include a first electrode ELT1 (e.g., ELT1-1, ELT1-2, and ELT1-3), an emitting unit EL (e.g., EL1, EL2, and EL3), and a second electrode ELT2. According to an embodiment, the emitting unit EL may be disposed in a region defined by the pixel defining layer PDL. One surface of the emitting unit EL may be electrically connected to the first electrode ELT1, and another surface of the emitting unit EL may be electrically connected to the second electrode ELT2.

[0074] The first electrode ELT1 can be the anode electrode for the emission unit EL, and the second electrode ELT2 can be the cathode electrode for the emission unit EL. According to an embodiment, the first electrode ELT1 and the second electrode ELT2 can each comprise a conductive material. For example, the conductive material can include one or more selected from the group consisting of gold (Au), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), copper (Cu), and platinum (Pt). In another example, according to an embodiment, the conductive material can include one or more selected from the group consisting of silver nanowires (AgNW), indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), antimony zinc oxide (AZO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO2), carbon nanotubes, and graphene. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0075] The emitting unit EL can have a multilayer thin-film structure including a light-generating layer (e.g., an emitting layer). The emitting unit EL can include: a hole injection layer for injecting holes; a hole transport layer with excellent hole transport properties and suppressing the movement of electrons bound in the emitting layer to increase the chance of hole-electron recombination; an emitting layer for emitting light through the recombination of injected electrons and holes; an electron transport layer for smoothly transporting electrons to the emitting layer; and an electron injection layer for injecting electrons. The emitting unit EL can emit light based on electrical signals provided from an anode electrode (e.g., a first electrode ELT1) and a cathode electrode (e.g., a second electrode ELT2).

[0076] A pixel defining layer (PDL) can be disposed on the pixel circuit layer (PCL) to define the location of the emission unit (EL). The pixel defining layer (PDL) may include organic materials. For example, the pixel defining layer (PDL) may include one or more selected from the group consisting of acrylic resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyamide resin, and polyimide resin. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto. According to another embodiment, the pixel defining layer (PDL) may include inorganic materials. For example, the pixel defining layer (PDL) may include silicon oxide (SiO2). x ) and / or silicon nitride (SiN) x According to an embodiment, the pixel defining layer PDL may include silicon oxide (SiO2). x The layers include silicon nitride (SiN) x A multi-layered structure in which layers are stacked on top of each other.

[0077] A capping layer CPL can be disposed on the second electrode ELT2. The capping layer CPL can cap (or cover / encapsulate) the second electrode ELT2. The capping layer CPL may include inorganic materials.

[0078] The encapsulation film TFE can be disposed on the light-emitting element LD (e.g., the second electrode ELT2). The encapsulation film TFE can eliminate or compensate for the step difference generated by the light-emitting element LD and the pixel defining layer PDL. The encapsulation film TFE may include an insulating film covering the light-emitting element LD. According to an embodiment, the encapsulation film TFE may have a structure in which inorganic films and organic films are alternately stacked. According to an embodiment, the encapsulation film TFE may be a thin-film encapsulation film.

[0079] According to the implementation method, sub-pixel regions SPXA corresponding to sub-pixels SPX can be formed in the display area DA. Sub-pixel regions SPXA may include a first sub-pixel region SPXA1 corresponding to the first sub-pixel SPX1, a second sub-pixel region SPXA2 corresponding to the second sub-pixel SPX2, and a third sub-pixel region SPXA3 corresponding to the third sub-pixel SPX3.

[0080] The quantum dot layer (QL) can be disposed on the display layer (DL) (e.g., the light-emitting element layer (LEL)). The quantum dot layer (QL) can be a layer on which a color conversion layer (CCL) and / or a scattering layer (SCT) are disposed.

[0081] The quantum dot layer (QL) may include a first capping layer (CP1), a dam (BNK), a color conversion layer (CCL), a scattering layer (SCT), and a second capping layer (CP2). The color conversion layer (CCL) may include a first color conversion layer (CCL1) and a second color conversion layer (CCL2).

[0082] The first capping layer CP1 can be disposed on the light-emitting element layer LEL. According to an embodiment, the first capping layer CP1 can cap (or cover / encapsulate) the lower portion of each of the first color conversion layer CCL1, the second color conversion layer CCL2, and the scattering layer SCT.

[0083] According to an embodiment, the first capping layer CP1 may be disposed (or formed) on the first sub-pixel SPX1, the second sub-pixel SPX2, and the third sub-pixel SPX3. According to an embodiment, the first capping layer CP1 may be an inorganic layer and may include a silicon nitride (SiN) selected from... x ), aluminum nitride (AlN) x ), titanium nitride (TiN) x ), silicon oxide (SiO) x ), aluminum oxide (Al) x O y Titanium oxide (TiO) x ), silicon carbide (SiO) x C y ) and silicon nitride oxide (SiO) x N y It may be one or more of the groups consisting of ). However, the implementation is not limited thereto.

[0084] The BNK layer can be set on the display layer DL (e.g., the light-emitting element layer LEL). The BNK layer can be set between sub-pixel regions SPXA.

[0085] The embankment BNK may surround at least a portion of the region. For example, the embankment BNK may surround at least a portion of the region used to form the subpixel region SPXA, and may protrude in the thickness direction of the base layer BSL (e.g., the third direction DR3). Thus, the embankment BNK may form a space in which a first color conversion layer CCL1, a second color conversion layer CCL2, and a scattering layer SCT can be disposed (e.g., accommodated).

[0086] The dam BNK may include organic materials. According to embodiments, the dam BNK may include one or more selected from the group consisting of acrylic resins, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, polyamide resins, and polyimide resins. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0087] According to an embodiment, a color conversion layer (CCL) can be disposed on a light-emitting element layer (LEL) (e.g., a light-emitting element (LD)). The color conversion layer CCL can change the wavelength of light. According to an embodiment, the first sub-pixel SPX1, the second sub-pixel SPX2, and the third sub-pixel SPX3 can each include a light-emitting element LD that emits light of the same color. For example, the first sub-pixel SPX1, the second sub-pixel SPX2, and the third sub-pixel SPX3 can each include a light-emitting element LD that emits light of a third color (e.g., blue). A panchromatic image can be displayed by respectively providing (or forming) a color conversion layer CCL including color conversion particles on the first sub-pixel SPX1, the second sub-pixel SPX2, and the third sub-pixel SPX3.

[0088] However, the color of the light emitted by the light-emitting element LD is not limited to the examples described above. For ease of explanation, an implementation in which the light-emitting element LD emits blue light based on each sub-pixel SPX will be described.

[0089] The first color conversion layer CCL1 may include first color conversion particles that convert light of a third color emitted from the light-emitting element LD into light of a first color. For example, the first color conversion layer CCL1 may include first quantum dots QD1 dispersed in a matrix material such as a base resin.

[0090] According to an embodiment, when the light-emitting element LD is a blue light-emitting element and the first sub-pixel SPX1 is a red pixel, the first color conversion layer CCL1 may include a first quantum dot QD1 that converts blue light emitted from the blue light-emitting element into red light. The first quantum dot QD1 can absorb blue light and shift its wavelength according to energy transitions to emit red light. When the first sub-pixel SPX1 is a pixel of a different color, the first color conversion layer CCL1 may include a first quantum dot QD1 corresponding to the color of the first sub-pixel SPX1.

[0091] The second color conversion layer CCL2 may include second color conversion particles that convert light of a third color emitted from the light-emitting element LD into light of a second color. For example, the second color conversion layer CCL2 may include second quantum dots QD2 dispersed in a matrix material such as a base resin.

[0092] According to one embodiment, when the light-emitting element LD is a blue light-emitting element and the second sub-pixel SPX2 is a green pixel, the second color conversion layer CCL2 may include a second quantum dot QD2 that converts blue light emitted from the blue light-emitting element into green light. The second quantum dot QD2 can absorb blue light and shift its wavelength according to energy transitions to emit green light. When the second sub-pixel SPX2 is a pixel of a different color, the second color conversion layer CCL2 may include a second quantum dot QD2 corresponding to the color of the second sub-pixel SPX2.

[0093] According to an embodiment, blue light with a relatively short wavelength in the visible light band is incident on the first quantum dot QD1 and the second quantum dot QD2 to increase the absorption coefficients of the first quantum dot QD1 and the second quantum dot QD2. Therefore, the light efficiency ultimately emitted from the first sub-pixel SPX1 and the second sub-pixel SPX2 can be improved, and excellent color reproduction can be ensured. For example, by using light-emitting elements LD of the same color (e.g., blue light-emitting elements) to form the first sub-pixel SPX1, the second sub-pixel SPX2, and the third sub-pixel SPX3, the manufacturing efficiency of the display device DD can be increased.

[0094] A scattering layer SCT can be configured (or formed) to effectively utilize light of a third color (or blue) emitted from the light-emitting element LD. For example, in the case where the light-emitting element LD is a blue light-emitting element and the third sub-pixel SPX3 is a blue pixel, the scattering layer SCT can include at least one type of scatterer SC to effectively utilize the light emitted from the light-emitting element LD. As an example, the scatterer SC of the scattering layer SCT can include various light-scattering particles or light-scattering materials. For example, the scatterer SC can include titanium oxide (TiO2) selected from... x ), silicon oxide (SiO) x(e.g., silicon oxide beads, hollow silicon oxide, etc.), zirconium oxide (ZrO) x ), aluminum oxide (Al) x O y Indium oxide (In) x O y ), zinc oxide (ZnO) x ), tin oxide (SnO x ) and antimony oxide (Sb x O y One or more of the groups consisting of ).

[0095] For example, the scatterer SC may not only be located in the third sub-pixel SPX3. According to an embodiment, the scatterer SC may be located (or included) in the first color conversion layer CCL1. The scatterer SC may be located (or included) in the second color conversion layer CCL2.

[0096] The second capping layer CP2 can be disposed on each of the first color conversion layer CCL1, the second color conversion layer CCL2, and the scattering layer SCT, and can cap (or cover / encapsulate) each of the first color conversion layer CCL1, the second color conversion layer CCL2, and the scattering layer SCT.

[0097] According to an embodiment, the second capping layer CP2 may be disposed (or formed) on the first sub-pixel SPX1, the second sub-pixel SPX2, and the third sub-pixel SPX3. According to an embodiment, the second capping layer CP2 may be an inorganic layer and may include a silicon nitride (SiN) selected from... x ), aluminum nitride (AlN) x ), titanium nitride (TiN) x ), silicon oxide (SiO) x ), aluminum oxide (Al) x O y Titanium oxide (TiO) x ), silicon carbide (SiO) x C y ) and silicon nitride oxide (SiO) x N y It may be one or more of the groups consisting of ). However, the implementation is not limited thereto.

[0098] The upper UPL layer can be disposed on the quantum dot layer QL. According to the implementation, light provided from the display layer DL can be emitted to the outside through the upper UPL layer.

[0099] The upper UPL layer may include an optical layer LR, a color filter layer CF, a phase delay layer QWP, a wire grid polarization layer WGP, and an upper substrate USUB.

[0100] The optical layer LR can be disposed on the quantum dot layer QL (e.g., the second capping layer CP2). According to an embodiment, the optical layer LR can be disposed below the color filter layer CF. The optical layer LR and the color filter layer CF can be adjacent to each other (e.g., directly adjacent) to form an interface.

[0101] The optical layer LR can have a higher refractive index than the layer forming the color filter layer CF. The optical layer LR can have a lower refractive index than the layer forming the quantum dot layer QL (e.g., the color conversion layer CCL and the scattering layer SCT), and can form a light recycling structure.

[0102] The optical layer LR can comprise a variety of materials to have a single refractive index. For example, the optical layer LR can comprise various resins and hollow silicon oxides. In another example, the optical layer LR can comprise zirconium oxide (ZrO₂). x However, the implementation methods are not limited to this.

[0103] According to the implementation method, the optical layer LR can be referred to as a low refractive index layer.

[0104] The color filter layer CF can be disposed on the optical layer LR. The color filter layer CF can be disposed below the phase retardation layer QWP. The color filter layer CF may include a first color filter CF1 contained in the first sub-pixel SPX1 (e.g., corresponding to the first sub-pixel SPX1), a second color filter CF2 contained in the second sub-pixel SPX2 (e.g., corresponding to the second sub-pixel SPX2), and a third color filter CF3 contained in the third sub-pixel SPX3 (e.g., corresponding to the third sub-pixel SPX3).

[0105] A first color filter CF1 may be disposed in a first sub-pixel region SPXA1. The first color filter CF1 may include a color filter material (e.g., a dye or pigment) that selectively transmits light of a first color (e.g., red).

[0106] A second color filter CF2 may be disposed in the second sub-pixel region SPXA2. The second color filter CF2 may include a color filter material (e.g., a dye or pigment) that selectively transmits light of a second color (e.g., green).

[0107] A third color filter CF3 may be disposed in the third sub-pixel region SPXA3. The third color filter CF3 may include a color filter material (e.g., a dye or pigment) that selectively transmits light of a third color (e.g., blue).

[0108] According to one embodiment, a non-sub-pixel region NSPXA, in which the color light is not visible, can be formed between sub-pixel regions SPXA. According to another embodiment, in a planar view, a first color filter CF1, a second color filter CF2, and a third color filter CF3 can overlap each other within the non-sub-pixel region NSPXA.

[0109] The phase retardation layer QWP can be disposed on the color filter layer CF. The phase retardation layer QWP can be disposed below the wire-gate polarization layer WGP. The phase retardation layer QWP can be closer to the upper substrate USUB than the color conversion layer CCL.

[0110] According to an embodiment, the phase retardation layer QWP can be adjacent to (e.g., directly adjacent to) the wire-grid polarization layer WGP. For example, the phase retardation layer QWP can be in contact with (e.g., physically in contact with) the wire-grid polarization layer WGP.

[0111] According to an embodiment, the phase retardation layer QWP may include a λ / 4 phase retardation film. Experimentally, the λ / 4 phase retardation film can be substantially parallel to the optical axis of the phase retardation layer QWP, and can form a phase difference of approximately λ / 4 in two polarization components that are perpendicular to each other. Therefore, the λ / 4 phase retardation film can convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light or vice versa.

[0112] A phase retardation layer (QWP) can delay the phase of incident light. According to an embodiment, the QWP may include one or more selected from the group consisting of a birefringent film of a polymer, a liquid crystal alignment film, and an alignment layer of a liquid crystal polymer formed on a substrate. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0113] The wire-gate polarization layer WGP can be disposed on the phase delay layer QWP. The wire-gate polarization layer WGP can be disposed below the upper substrate USUB.

[0114] According to an embodiment, the wire-grid polarization layer WGP can be adjacent to (e.g., directly adjacent to) the phase retardation layer QWP. The wire-grid polarization layer WGP can be in contact with the phase retardation layer QWP (e.g., physically in contact with the phase retardation layer QWP).

[0115] According to an embodiment, the wire grid polarization layer WGP can polarize incident light. The wire grid polarization layer WGP may include a wire grid pattern layer WL. The wire grid polarization layer WGP may include a structure in which the wire grid pattern layer WL is patterned and periodically disposed on a substrate (e.g., a gate base GBS).

[0116] According to one embodiment, the wire grating polarization layer WGP may include a reflective polarization structure. According to another embodiment, the wire grating polarization layer WGP may not include an absorption polarization structure.

[0117] For example, the wire grating polarization layer WGP can reflect polarized light parallel to the pattern direction of the wire grating pattern layer WL. The wire grating polarization layer WGP can also transmit polarized light perpendicular to the pattern direction of the wire grating pattern layer WL. According to an embodiment, the wire grating polarization layer WGP may include a reflective polarization structure and can recycle reflected light. In this regard, reference is made below. Figure 6 Describe the details.

[0118] According to an embodiment, the wire grid polarization layer WGP can be adjacent to (e.g., directly adjacent to) the upper substrate USUB. For example, the upper substrate USUB can be the gate base GBS used to pattern the wire grid pattern layer WL.

[0119] According to an embodiment, the wire grid pattern layer WL can be manufactured by etching a conductive layer and an insulating layer formed (e.g., deposited) on a gate base GBS forming an upper substrate USUB.

[0120] For example, a first base layer for forming the first layer L1, a second base layer for forming the second layer L2, and a third base layer for forming the third layer L3 can be deposited on the upper substrate USUB, and the first base layer, the second base layer, and the third base layer can be etched together to form the first layer L1, the second layer L2, and the third layer L3.

[0121] According to one embodiment, the upper substrate USUB can be a base substrate for forming the phase retardation layer QWP, color filter layer CF, optical layer LR, and quantum dot layer QL in subsequent processes. According to another embodiment, the quantum dot layer QL can be fabricated only after the wire-gate polarization layer WGP is patterned on the upper substrate USUB. For example, the risk of damage to the quantum dot layer QL due to the process environment (e.g., high temperature) used to fabricate the wire-gate polarization layer WGP can be prevented.

[0122] The spacing of the wire grid pattern layers WL can be determined based on the wavelength of the light provided from the display layer DL, and each layer can have a predetermined aspect ratio. However, the implementation is not limited to this.

[0123] According to an implementation, the wire grid pattern layer WL may include a first layer L1, a second layer L2, and a third layer L3.

[0124] The first layer L1 can be the layer closest to the gate base GBS among the layers forming the grid pattern layer WL. The first layer L1 can be adjacent to the gate base GBS (e.g., directly adjacent).

[0125] The first layer L1 can reduce external light reflection from the display device DD. For example, the first layer L1 can absorb at least a portion of the external light.

[0126] According to an embodiment, the first layer L1 may include a different metallic material than the second layer L2. For example, the first layer L1 may include molybdenum tantalum oxide (MoTaO). x MoTaO x It can be molybdenum oxide (MoO) x A mixture of tantalum (Ta) and tantalum (Ta). However, the implementation is not limited to this.

[0127] According to the implementation method, the first layer L1 may include MoTaO x Furthermore, the thickness of the first layer L1 can be in the range of approximately 350 nm to approximately 550 nm. According to an embodiment, the thickness of the first layer L1 can be in the range of approximately 400 nm to approximately 500 nm. The thickness can be defined based on the direction in which the first layer L1 and the second layer L2 are spaced apart from each other (e.g., a third direction DR3). When the thickness of the first layer L1 satisfies the above numerical range, the wire-gate polarizing layer WGP can exhibit excellent low-reflection characteristics. Reference will be made below. Figure 7 Describe an example of an experiment related to this.

[0128] The second layer L2 can be located between the first layer L1 and the third layer L3. The second layer L2 may include a reflective wall.

[0129] The second layer L2 can reflect at least a portion of the internal light. Therefore, the wire grating polarization layer WGP can include a reflective polarization structure.

[0130] According to an embodiment, the second layer L2 may include a reflective metallic material. For example, the second layer L2 may include aluminum (Al). However, the embodiment is not limited to this.

[0131] The third layer L3 can be set on top of the second layer L2. The third layer L3 can cover at least a portion of the second layer L2.

[0132] The third layer L3 can protect other parts of the grid pattern layer WL. For example, the third layer L3 can be an anti-oxidation layer for the first layer L1 and the second layer L2.

[0133] According to the implementation, the third layer L3 may include various materials. For example, the third layer L3 may include silicon oxide (SiO2). x ( ) or molybdenum (Mo). However, the implementation is not limited to this.

[0134] According to an embodiment, the wire grid polarization layer WGP may further include a protective layer disposed between the wire grid pattern layers WL and covering layers L1, L2, and L3. The protective layer may include a transparent material.

[0135] The upper substrate USUB can be disposed on the wire-gate polarization layer WGP. According to the embodiment, as described above, the upper substrate USUB can be a manufacturing substrate for manufacturing the wire-gate polarization layer WGP, and can be the gate base GBS.

[0136] According to one embodiment, the upper substrate USUB may include a glass substrate (e.g., a glass material). However, the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0137] Reference Figure 6 Describe the optical path in the display device DD according to an embodiment.

[0138] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the optical path in a display device according to an embodiment.

[0139] For ease of explanation, Figure 6 The shading lines of the color filter layer CF and the color conversion layer CCL in the image are represented based on layers included in the second sub-pixel SPX2. For example, refer to... Figure 6 The described technical features can also be applied to the first sub-pixel SPX1 and the third sub-pixel SPX3. For example, the following description will be based on the color conversion layer CCL, but the corresponding (e.g., substantially the same or similar) optical path can also be defined (or formed) in the scattering layer SCT.

[0140] For ease of explanation, Figure 6 The color conversion layer CCL and the components positioned above it are shown based on the light emission path (or optical path).

[0141] Figure 6 An example of the light emission path from the display layer DL (e.g., the light-emitting element LD) is shown.

[0142] Figure 6 The diagram schematically illustrates the optical path of scattered light L, provided from the display layer DL, scattered by the color conversion layer CCL (or scattering layer SCT), and then emitted in the light emission direction; the optical path of internal light IL defined (or formed) within the internal structure of the display device DD; and the optical path of output light OL emitted to the outside. The internal light IL may include a first internal light IL1, a second internal light IL2, and a third internal light IL3. The output light OL may include a first output light OL1, a second output light OL2, and a third output light OL3.

[0143] Light supplied from the display layer DL (e.g., light-emitting element LD) can be scattered by the scatterer SC in the color conversion layer CCL and then emitted to the outside. Therefore, the scattered light L supplied (e.g., scattered) by the color conversion layer CCL can be directed upwards.

[0144] The scattered light L can pass through the second capping layer CP2, the optical layer LR and the color filter layer CF. A portion of the scattered light L can pass through the phase retardation layer QWP and the wire grid polarization layer WGP and can be provided as the first linearly polarized output light OL1. Another portion of the scattered light L can pass through the phase retardation layer QWP, can be reflected by the wire grid polarization layer WGP and can be provided as the first internal light IL1.

[0145] The scattered light L can pass through the phase retardation layer QWP and is provided as circularly polarized light defined by the first rotation direction. Therefore, a portion of the scattered light L can pass through the wire grating polarization layer WGP, and the linearly polarized first output light OL1 can be emitted. For example, the first internal light IL1, which is reflected and guided inward, can still be provided as circularly polarized light defined by the first rotation direction.

[0146] The first internal light IL1 can pass through the phase retardation layer QWP and the color filter layer CF. A portion of the first internal light IL1 can be reflected at the interface between the color filter layer CF and the optical layer LR and provided as the second internal light IL2. Another portion of the first internal light IL1 can pass through the optical layer LR and the second capping layer CP2 and be provided again to the color conversion layer CCL.

[0147] The second internal light IL2 can be reflected at the interface between the color filter layer CF and the optical layer LR, and can be provided as circularly polarized light defined in a second rotation direction different from the first rotation direction. Therefore, the second internal light IL2 may include an optical component passing through the phase retardation layer QWP. The second internal light IL2 can pass through the phase retardation layer QWP and the wire grating polarization layer WGP, and can be provided as a linearly polarized second output light OL2.

[0148] The first internal light IL1 provided again to the color conversion layer CCL can be scattered by the scatterer SC to form a third internal light IL3 guided in the light emission direction (e.g., third direction DR3).

[0149] The third internal light IL3 can pass through the second capping layer CP2, the optical layer LR, and the color filter layer CF, and can be provided as circularly polarized light through the phase retardation layer QWP. Therefore, the third internal light IL3 can pass through the wire grating polarization layer WGP. The third internal light IL3 passing through the wire grating polarization layer WGP can provide a linearly polarized third output light OL3.

[0150] According to the embodiments, a reflective polarization structure in which the wire grid polarization layer WGP and the phase delay layer QWP are disposed adjacent to the upper substrate USUB can be provided, thereby enabling more efficient light recycling.

[0151] In the light recycling structure according to this embodiment, the wire grid polarization layer WGP and the phase delay layer QWP can be disposed on the upper portion of the quantum dot layer QL, which includes the quantum dot QD and the scatterer SC, in the order stated. Therefore, the path of light (e.g., internal light IL) defined (or formed) inside the display device DD can be defined (or formed) in various ways, but can ultimately be emitted to the outside.

[0152] According to the implementation method, the light output efficiency can be improved, and the light output to the outside can be linearly polarized.

[0153] According to the implementation method, the wire grating polarization layer WGP can exhibit excellent low-reflection characteristics. In this regard, reference will be made to… Figure 7 The low-reflection characteristics of the wire grating polarization layer WGP according to the embodiment are described.

[0154] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the results of an experiment performed to explain the low-reflection characteristics of the wire grid polarization layer according to the embodiment.

[0155] This experiment demonstrates the reflectivity varying with the thickness of the first layer L1 included in the wire-grid polarizing layer WGP according to the embodiment. The first layer L1 comprises MoTaO. x Based on this, for example, MoTaO x The reflectivity is adjusted by applying light at approximately 550 nm and changing the MoTaO content. x The thickness is used for measurement.

[0156] refer to Figure 7 Experimental results confirmed that the first layer L1, having a thickness of approximately 350 nm to approximately 550 nm, exhibits excellent low-reflection characteristics. Therefore, when the wire-grid polarizing layer WGP according to the embodiment includes a first layer L1 with a thickness of approximately 350 nm to approximately 550 nm, the wire-grid polarizing layer WGP can possess excellent low-reflection characteristics.

[0157] Reference Figures 8 to 11 The description of the display device DD also includes an implementation of the light control layer LCL. Redundant details described above are briefly described, or, for the sake of convenience, are not repeated.

[0158] Figure 8 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a display device according to an embodiment. Figure 9 This is a schematic block diagram illustrating the operation mode of the display device according to an embodiment. Figure 10 It is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe a two-dimensional (2D) image mode of a display device according to an embodiment. Figure 11It is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe a three-dimensional (3D) image mode of a display device according to an embodiment.

[0159] According to an embodiment, the display device DD may further include a light control layer LCL capable of realizing 3D images.

[0160] The light control layer LCL can be disposed on the upper layer UPL. Therefore, the light control layer LCL can be disposed on the upper substrate USUB, wherein the upper substrate USUB is disposed on the linear gate polarization layer WGP. In conjunction with the foregoing description, according to the embodiment, light provided from the display layer DL can pass through the upper substrate USUB and can be linearly polarized. Linearly polarized output light OL can be provided (e.g., input) to the light control layer LCL.

[0161] According to an embodiment, the display device DD may include a light control layer LCL and realize light field display. For example, see reference. Figure 9 The display device DD can operate in either 2D or 3D image mode. For example, the display device DD may include a controller for changing the operating mode, and the controller can change the operating mode of the display device DD based on preset criteria, user input, etc. The controller can be implemented using software, hardware, firmware, or an application. However, the implementation is not limited to this.

[0162] According to an implementation, when the display device DD operates in 3D image mode, the display device DD can realize a 3D image by using a lens layer LL to form a light field representing the vector distribution of light in space (e.g., intensity, direction, etc.). Light field display can be implemented when the display device DD operates in 3D image mode, thereby displaying or realizing the depth and sides of an object. Therefore, light field display can achieve more natural 3D images, and thus, it is a display technology that is expected to be widely used through integration with augmented reality (AR) technology.

[0163] For example, the display device DD can also operate in 2D image mode. When the display device DD operates in 2D image mode, it can provide the entire image in the display area DA.

[0164] According to the implementation, the display device DD can selectively operate in 2D image mode and 3D image mode, and can appropriately select the operating mode according to the image reproduction environment to be used.

[0165] According to an implementation, the light control layer LCL may include a variable light transmission layer VTL and a lens layer LL.

[0166] A variable light transmission layer (VTL) can be driven in a twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal mode with a phase difference of λ / 2. However, this is only an example, and a VTL can be driven in liquid crystal modes such as vertical alignment (VA), optically compensated bending (OCB), or electrically controlled birefringence (ECB).

[0167] According to one embodiment, the variable light transmission layer (VTL) may include liquid crystal molecules (LC). The arrangement (or orientation) of the liquid crystal molecules (LC) may be changed based on an electrical signal provided to the variable light transmission layer (VTL).

[0168] The lens layer LL can be disposed on the variable light transmission layer VTL. The lens layer LL may include a lens LS and an outer layer PL covering the lens LS.

[0169] The lens layer LL can be implemented in various structures. For example, the lens layer LL can be implemented as a cylindrical lens array, a microlens array, etc.

[0170] The lens layer LL may or may not refract light transmitted through the variable light transmission layer VTL. For example, when the display device DD operates in 2D image mode, the lens layer LL may transmit (e.g., directly transmit) the image (e.g., output light OL) provided from the display layer DL (e.g., sub-pixels SPX). When the display device DD operates in 3D image mode, the lens layer LL may separate the visible area of ​​the image provided from the display layer DL. When the display device DD operates in 3D image mode, the lens layer LL may form an image in the corresponding visible area for each viewpoint image based on (e.g., using) the diffraction and refraction of light in a multi-view image formed by the display layer DL.

[0171] The lens LS can refract light supplied from the display layer DL according to the driving state of the variable light transmission layer VTL. For example, the liquid crystal molecules LC of the variable light transmission layer VTL are in a first orientation state (e.g., an orientation state for operation in 3D image mode, see...). Figure 11 In the case of a variable light transmission layer (VTL), the lens LS can refract light to form a light field. For example, a 3D image can be realized by the lens LS. In another example, the liquid crystal molecules LC of the variable light transmission layer (VTL) are in a second orientation state different from the first orientation state (e.g., an orientation state for operation in 2D image mode, see [link]). Figure 10 In the case of a lens LS, light may not be refracted, and for example, 2D images may be realized (or displayed).

[0172] The lens LS can be a liquid crystal lens array. For example, the lens LS can include lens liquid crystal molecules 200. The lens liquid crystal molecules 200 can be oriented in one direction.

[0173] According to an embodiment, the lens LS may include lens liquid crystal molecules 200, and may or may not form a refractive surface with the peripheral layer PL depending on the operating state of the display device DD.

[0174] For example, when the display device DD operates in 3D image mode, the lens LS, including the lens liquid crystal molecule 200, and the peripheral layer PL can form an interface that causes light refraction. When the display device DD operates in 2D image mode, the interface between the lens LS, including the lens liquid crystal molecule 200, and the peripheral layer PL can not refract the supplied light.

[0175] According to embodiments, in order to achieve light field display using the light control layer LCL, the input light of the display device DD may need to be linearly polarized. As described above, according to embodiments, an upper layer UPL including a wire grating polarization layer WGP can be provided, thereby achieving excellent light output efficiency and providing linearly polarized output light OL. Therefore, according to embodiments, a display device DD can be provided that does not cause light loss through a light recycling structure, which can have excellent low-reflection characteristics and can achieve light field display.

[0176] In summary, those skilled in the art will understand that many variations and modifications can be made to the embodiments without substantially departing from the principles, spirit, and scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments are used in a general and descriptive sense only and are not intended to be limiting.

Claims

1. A display apparatus comprising: a display layer; a quantum dot layer disposed on the display layer and including a color conversion layer including quantum dots and scatterers; and an upper layer disposed on the quantum dot layer and including a phase retardation layer and a wire grid polarizing layer disposed on the phase retardation layer. 2.The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the upper layer further includes an upper substrate disposed on the wire grid polarizing layer, the wire grid polarizing layer includes a wire grid pattern layer disposed below the upper substrate, the wire grid pattern layer each includes: a first layer disposed on the upper substrate; a second layer disposed on the first layer; and a third layer disposed on the second layer, and the first layer and the second layer include different metal materials from each other. 3.The display apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first layer absorbs at least part of light incident to the first layer, and the second layer reflects at least part of light incident to the second layer. 4.The display apparatus of claim 2, wherein The first layer comprises molybdenum tantalum oxide (MoTaO x ), and the second layer includes aluminum (Al).

5. The display device of claim 4, wherein, a thickness of the first layer is in a range of about 350 nm to about 550 nm.

6. The display device according to claim 2, wherein the first layer is in contact with the upper substrate.

7. The display device of claim 6, wherein, the upper substrate includes a glass material.

8. The display device according to claim 2, wherein the phase retardation layer includes a λ / 4 phase retardation film.

9. The display device of claim 8, wherein, the phase retardation layer and the wire grid polarizing layer are directly adjacent to each other. 10.The display apparatus of claim 2, wherein the upper layer further includes an optical layer disposed on the quantum dot layer and a color filter layer disposed on the optical layer, and the optical layer and the color filter layer are directly adjacent to each other to form an interface.

11. The display device of claim 10, wherein, a refractive index of the optical layer is greater than a refractive index of the color filter layer and less than a refractive index of the color conversion layer. 12.The display apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a first sub-pixel forming a first sub-pixel area providing light of a first color, a second sub-pixel forming a second sub-pixel area providing light of a second color, and a third sub-pixel forming a third sub-pixel area providing light of a third color, wherein the color conversion layer includes: a first color conversion layer disposed in the first sub-pixel area, and a second color conversion layer disposed in the second sub-pixel area, and the quantum dot layer further includes a scattering layer disposed in the third sub-pixel area.

13. The display device of claim 12, wherein, the first color conversion layer, the second color conversion layer, and the scattering layer each include scatterers. 14.The display apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a light control layer disposed on the upper layer, wherein the light control layer includes: a variable light transmission layer including liquid crystal molecules; and a lens layer disposed on the variable light transmission layer and including a lens and a peripheral layer disposed on the lens. 15.The display apparatus of claim 14, wherein light provided by the display layer is provided as output light that is linearly polarized and input to the light control layer, the lens and the peripheral layer form an interface, the display apparatus operates in a 2D image mode for displaying a 2D image or a 3D image mode for displaying a 3D image, in case the display device operates in the 2D image mode, the linearly polarized output light is transmitted at the interface without refraction, and in case the display device operates in the 3D image mode, the linearly polarized output light is refracted at the interface.

16. A display device, comprising: a display layer, comprising: a lower substrate, a pixel circuit layer, comprising pixel circuits disposed on the lower substrate, and light emitting elements electrically connected to the pixel circuits; a quantum dot layer disposed on the display layer and comprising a color conversion layer and a scattering layer; and an upper layer disposed on the quantum dot layer, the upper layer comprising: an optical layer, a color filter layer on the optical layer, a phase retardation layer on the color filter layer, a wire grid polarizing layer on the phase retardation layer, and an upper substrate directly on the wire grid polarizing layer.

17. The display device of claim 16, wherein the phase retardation layer comprises a λ / 4 phase retardation film.

18. A display device, comprising: a display layer emitting light; a wire grid polarizing layer disposed on the display layer and comprising wire grid pattern layers; and an upper substrate disposed on the wire grid polarizing layer and forming grid bases on which the wire grid pattern layers are disposed, wherein the wire grid pattern layers each comprise: a first layer directly on the grid base, a second layer on the first layer, and a third layer on the second layer, the first and second layers comprise different metallic materials from each other, the first layer absorbs at least part of light incident to the first layer, and the second layer reflects at least part of light incident to the second layer.

19. The display device of claim 18, wherein the first layer comprises molybdenum tantalum oxide (MoTaOx), and the second layer comprises aluminum (Al). a thickness of the first layer is in a range of about 350 nm to about 550 nm.

20. The display device of claim 18, wherein, ​

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