Weight-losing synergistic cultivation method for multiple cropping of winter rye and soybeans in Kilexin sandy land

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural farming and cultivation, and particularly discloses a Kilexin sandy land winter rye multiple cropping soybean weight-losing synergistic cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: S1, 40-60 days before overwintering, sowing winter rye on a Kilexin sandy land after previous crops are harvested; s2, when the winter rye grows and develops from the heading stage to the initial flowering stage, the overground part of the winter rye is integrally harvested and used as forage grass, and only root stubbles of the winter rye in the field are reserved; s3, deeply plowing the Coerquin sand land, turning and pressing the winter rye stubbles into soil, and then raking and compacting the winter rye stubbles until the winter rye stubbles are in a to-be-sown state; s4, sowing mid-early-maturing soybeans on the Coilin sandy land in the to-be-sown state; according to the method, the winter rye is planted to serve as a forage grass crop, the overground part of the winter rye is harvested and utilized in the forage grass yield and quality double-optimal period, economic benefits of multiple cropping crops are achieved, meanwhile, the winter rye stubbles are turned, pressed and returned to the field, certain organic matter and mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are provided for later-crop soybeans, and external chemical fertilizer input is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural cultivation, specifically relating to a method for reducing fertilizer and increasing efficiency in the cultivation of winter rye and soybeans in the Horqin Sandy Land. Background Technology

[0002] The Horqin Sandy Land is an important ecologically fragile and agricultural area in my country. Its soil suffers from severe desertification, low organic matter content, loose structure, and poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, which hinders sustainable agricultural development. Traditional crop cultivation methods rely heavily on chemical fertilizers to maintain yields, which not only increases production costs but also exacerbates soil compaction and non-point source pollution risks. At the same time, monoculture or shallow tillage can easily expose the topsoil, exacerbating wind and sand damage.

[0003] Soybeans, as a crop requiring a large amount of fertilizer, traditionally require the application of large amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. Although legumes have nitrogen-fixing capabilities, insufficient phosphorus and potassium supply remains a key factor limiting their yield and nitrogen-fixing efficiency in barren sandy soils, necessitating substantial fertilization. Returning green manure to the field is an effective way to improve soil and provide nutrients; however, how to precisely couple green manure planting with the nutrient requirements of subsequent crops to construct a high-yield, high-efficiency planting model that relies almost entirely on chemical fertilizers, achieving a synergistic effect of "reducing fertilizer use" and "increasing efficiency," is a pressing technical challenge that needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for reducing fertilizer input and increasing efficiency in the cultivation of winter rye and soybean in Horqin Sandy Land. Based on winter rye, a crop that can overwinter in this region, the method optimizes the sowing time and straw return method, significantly reduces fertilizer input, and at the same time increases soybean yield and improves the soil structure of sandy land, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for cultivating winter rye and soybeans in the Horqin Sandy Land using a method that reduces fertilizer use and increases efficiency, including:

[0007] S1. Sow winter rye on the Horqin Sandy Land 40-60 days before wintering, after the previous crop has been harvested;

[0008] Choose to sow 40-60 days before wintering, matching the average annual temperature of the Horqin Sandy Land (≥0℃ accumulated temperature 2800-3200℃), to ensure that the winter rye forms 3-5 true leaves and a well-developed root system (root depth 20-30cm) before wintering, thus enabling it to overwinter in the Horqin Sandy Land region.

[0009] Mechanism: Developed root system can fix the topsoil of sandy land and reduce wind and sand erosion in winter and spring; sufficient growth time before winter ensures the cold resistance of winter rye (after low temperature acclimatization, it can tolerate temperatures below -20℃) and avoid winter death; timely sowing after the harvest of the previous crop utilizes the remaining heat of sandy land in autumn, prolongs the growth period of winter rye and increases biomass.

[0010] S2. When winter rye grows and develops to the heading stage to the initial flowering stage, its above-ground parts are harvested as a whole and used as forage, leaving only the winter rye stubble in the field.

[0011] In the Horqin Sandy Land, the heading stage to the initial flowering stage usually occurs from the end of May to the beginning of June of the following year, specifically from May 25 to June 5.

[0012] The period from heading to initial flowering is the optimal period for both yield and quality of winter rye forage (fresh weight can reach 2500-3500 kg / mu), and the plant has suitable crude fiber content (25-30%) and crude protein content (8-12%), making it a high-quality forage. At the same time, the biomass accumulation of winter rye root stubble is sufficient during this period, which has the value of returning it to the field for fertilization.

[0013] Mechanism: The above-ground parts are fully harvested as forage, realizing the economic utilization of winter rye and increasing planting income; the stubble is left in the soil surface, which can continue to play a role in sand fixation, while storing organic matter and nutrients for subsequent return to the field.

[0014] S3. Deeply plow the Horqin Sandy Land, turn over and press the winter rye stubble into the soil, and then harrow and compact it to reach the ready-to-sow state.

[0015] Deep plowing can break up the shallow plow layer in sandy soil (usually located at 15-20cm), turning in the winter rye stubble and pressing it into the soil. Rake and compaction can improve soil compaction (reduce porosity by 10-15%) and reduce moisture loss after sowing.

[0016] Mechanism: Deep plowing (20-25cm) mixes the stubble with the soil, increases the contact area between microorganisms and accelerates decomposition (the decomposition rate is 20-25% higher than that of shallow plowing), releasing nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; breaking up the plow pan promotes the downward growth of soybean roots (root depth can reach 40-50cm), enhancing the ability to absorb water and fertilizer; harrowing and compaction reduce the air content in the soil, reducing the risk of wind and dust.

[0017] S4. Sow early-maturing soybeans on the Horqin Sandy Land when it is ready for sowing, and apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as a foliar fertilizer to the soybeans during the flowering and pod-filling stages.

[0018] For early-maturing soybeans suitable for sandy soil with a short growth period (frost-free period of 130-150 days), foliar spraying with potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the flowering and podding stage (requiring 60% of the total phosphorus and potassium requirements) and the grain-filling stage (requiring 30% of the total potassium requirements) can directly supply nutrients.

[0019] Mechanism: Sandy soils have poor fertilizer retention, and base fertilizer is easily lost with rainfall / irrigation. Foliar fertilization allows nutrients to be directly absorbed by the leaves (absorption rate of over 80%), avoiding waste. Phosphorus and potassium can promote nitrogen fixation in soybean root nodules (increasing nitrogen fixation by 15-20%), reduce flower and pod drop (reducing drop rate by 10-15%), and increase thousand-grain weight (increasing by 5-8%), achieving high yields even without chemical fertilizer base application.

[0020] Preferably, the tillage depth is 20-25cm, and a deep tillage machine with straw crushing function is used to mix the crushed stubble on the surface with the topsoil evenly.

[0021] Deep tillage machines with straw crushing function can simultaneously complete "crushing-deep turning-mixing" to avoid the accumulation of stubble.

[0022] Mechanism: The uniform mixing of root stubble with soil (mixing degree ≥80%) can prevent the organic acids produced during localized decomposition of residues from burning soybean roots; after mixing, the organic matter produced by the decomposition of residues is evenly distributed in the cultivated layer, improving the overall soil fertility (the organic matter content in the 0-25cm soil layer increases evenly), rather than being concentrated in the surface layer.

[0023] Preferably, the winter rye is sown at a rate of 15-18 kg / mu, and the sowing method is row sowing with a row spacing of 15-20 cm.

[0024] A sowing rate of 15-18 kg / mu can achieve a reasonable density (300,000-350,000 basic seedlings / mu), and row sowing (row spacing of 15-20 cm) is conducive to ventilation and light penetration.

[0025] Mechanism: Reasonable density ensures the aboveground biomass of winter rye (avoiding lodging due to excessive density and insufficient biomass due to excessive sparse density), and the underground root system intertwines to form a "root network" to enhance sand fixation capacity; the row spacing of the row sowing is adapted to the operating width of the deep tillage machine to avoid conflict between the sowing row and the deep tillage trajectory, and to ensure uniform coverage of crop residues.

[0026] Preferably, the growing period of the medium-early maturing soybean is ≤115 days, and the sowing density is 18,000-22,000 plants / mu.

[0027] Early-maturing soybeans with a growth period of ≤115 days can mature before the first frost (the first frost in Horqin Sandy Land usually occurs in late September), thus seamlessly connecting with the planting of winter rye. A density of 18,000-22,000 plants / acre is suitable for the fertility level of the sandy land.

[0028] Mechanism: A short growth period avoids immature pods caused by low temperatures in the later stages (reducing the rate of immature pods by 20-25%); a reasonable density can balance the number of pods per soybean plant (15-20 pods / plant) with the yield of the entire plant, avoiding poor ventilation due to excessive density (reducing the occurrence of diseases) and waste of light and heat resources due to excessive sparseness.

[0029] Preferably, the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution sprayed during the flowering and podding stage is 0.2-0.3%, and the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution sprayed during the grain filling stage is 0.8%-1.2%, and the application rate of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution per mu (667 square meters) is 40-60 kg.

[0030] Apply a low concentration of 0.2-0.3% during the flowering and podding stage (to avoid scorching the flowers and pods), and a high concentration of 0.8-1.2% during the grain filling stage (to meet the peak potassium demand). A spraying rate of 40-60 kg / mu should be used to ensure full plant coverage.

[0031] Mechanism: Phosphorus during the flowering and podding stage promotes pollen germination and reduces flower drop; potassium during the grain filling stage promotes the transport of photosynthetic products to the grains, increasing the thousand-grain weight (8-12% higher than without spraying); the spraying amount should be matched with the evaporation rate of sandy land to avoid insufficient effect due to insufficient amount and loss due to excessive amount.

[0032] Preferably, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is prepared by dissolving solid potassium dihydrogen phosphate in water, filtering it through an 80-mesh filter to remove undissolved impurities.

[0033] An 80-mesh filter can remove undissolved impurities (such as small amounts of insoluble salts in potassium dihydrogen phosphate).

[0034] Mechanism: Prevents impurities from clogging the sprayer nozzle (clogging the nozzle in sandy soil can easily lead to uneven spraying and affect local soybean growth); ensures uniform solution concentration and avoids localized high concentrations that could burn the leaves.

[0035] Secondly, this invention provides a cultivation method for intercropping winter rye with soybeans in the Horqin Sandy Land, which reduces fertilizer and increases efficiency, and its application in improving soil organic matter content in the Horqin Sandy Land and similar wind-blown sandy areas.

[0036] Winter rye stubble is returned to the field (300-500 kg / mu of organic matter is input annually), and is decomposed by microorganisms into soil organic matter.

[0037] Mechanism: The coarse fiber and lignin in the stubble decompose to form humus, which improves soil cohesion (reduces wind and sand erosion); organic matter can increase soil water retention capacity (increase field water holding capacity by 10-15%), forming a positive cycle of "organic matter-water retention-fertility", which is suitable for the Horqin Sandy Land and similar wind-blown sandy soil areas (such as the Hunshandake Sandy Land and the edge of the Mu Us Sandy Land).

[0038] Thirdly, this invention provides a method for reducing fertilizer use and increasing efficiency in the cultivation of winter rye and soybeans in the Horqin Sandy Land, which is applied to reducing the input of chemical fertilizers in the planting of leguminous crops in the Horqin Sandy Land and similar wind-blown sandy soil areas.

[0039] The nutrients released from the decomposition of winter rye stubble (5-8 kg / mu of nitrogen, 2-3 kg / mu of phosphorus, and 8-10 kg / mu of potassium per year) + nitrogen fixation from soybean root nodules (10-12 kg / mu of nitrogen fixation per year) + foliar fertilization (2-3 kg / mu of total phosphorus and potassium) can replace traditional chemical fertilizers (traditional soybean planting requires 20-25 kg / mu of base fertilizer and 10-15 kg / mu of top dressing).

[0040] Mechanism: Reduce fertilizer input by 60-70%, lower costs while avoiding soil acidification caused by fertilizer (long-term application of traditional fertilizers lowers soil pH by 0.3-0.5); adapt to the characteristics of "high fertilizer loss rate" in Horqin Sandy Land, shift from "soil fertilization" to "foliar fertilization" to improve nutrient utilization.

[0041] The Horqin Sandy Land-like Aeolian Sandy Soil Area refers to regions with similar soil and climate conditions to the Horqin Sandy Land (such as sandy soil, poor fertilizer retention capacity, and frost-free period allowing for two-season replanting).

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0043] This invention utilizes winter rye as a forage crop, harvesting its above-ground parts during its peak forage yield and quality period to achieve economic benefits from multiple cropping. Simultaneously, the winter rye stubble is plowed into the field, providing organic matter and mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for the subsequent soybean crop, reducing the input of external chemical fertilizers. As a legume crop, soybeans can meet their nitrogen needs through nitrogen fixation by rhizobia. The phosphorus and potassium elements released from the decomposition of the stubble, combined with the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers applied to the leaves during key growth periods, together constitute a nutrient supply system that replaces chemical fertilizers. This achieves the direct transfer and recycling of nutrients from green manure to soybeans, thereby achieving the goal of reducing fertilizer use without base fertilizer or top dressing.

[0044] This invention buries winter rye stubble in the soil through deep plowing, preventing soil erosion, promoting microbial activity, accelerating nutrient release, significantly increasing the organic matter content of sandy soil, improving aggregate structure, and enhancing water and fertilizer retention capacity. It also enables precise foliar fertilization during the critical period of soybean nutrient demand, which is highly efficient and requires less dosage, effectively preventing premature aging due to nutrient deficiency in the later stages, and ensuring the yield and quality of soybeans. Attached Figure Description

[0045] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0046] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method steps of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0049] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0050] As attached Figure 1 As shown:

[0051] Example 1:

[0052] Experimental site: A sandy plot in Keerqin District, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (soil type: aeolian sandy soil, initial organic matter content 0.85%, pH 7.8, soil bulk density of 0-20cm layer 1.45g / cm³).

[0053] Trial period: September 2023 - October 2024 (one replanting cycle).

[0054] This embodiment provides a method for reducing fertilizer and increasing efficiency in the cultivation of winter rye intercropped with soybeans in the Horqin Sandy Land, including:

[0055] S1 winter rye sowing: September 25, 2023 (50 days before overwintering). After the previous corn harvest, clear the surface weeds and sow winter rye at a rate of 15 kg / mu. Sow in rows with a spacing of 15 cm and a sowing depth of 2-3 cm. Lightly compact the soil after sowing.

[0056] S2 winter rye harvesting and returning to the field: On May 20, 2024 (winter rye heading stage), the above-ground parts (plant height 90cm) are harvested for use as forage, and only the winter rye root stubble in the field is left.

[0057] S3 Deep Tillage: On May 22, 2024, a deep tillage machine was used to plow to a depth of 22cm, mixing the winter rye stubble with the soil. Then, a disc harrow was used to level and compact the soil, reducing the soil bulk density to 1.30g / cm³.

[0058] S4 Sowing and Foliar Fertilization: On May 25, 2024, sow medium-early maturing soybeans (110-day growth period) at a density of 20,000 plants / mu and a sowing depth of 3-4cm; on July 15 (flowering and podding stage, flowering rate 40%), spray with 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution at a rate of 50kg / mu; on August 20 (pod filling stage, pod length 2.5cm), spray with 1.0% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution at a rate of 50kg / mu (the solution is filtered through an 80-mesh screen).

[0059] Control treatment: Soybeans were directly cultivated at the same experimental site and time, without winter rye replanting. Base fertilizer (25 kg / mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer) was applied before sowing, and urea 10 kg / mu was applied as top dressing during the flowering and podding stage. Other management was the same as in this invention.

[0060] Results: Soybean yield was 285 kg / mu (12% higher than the control group), fertilizer input was reduced by 65%, and soil organic matter content increased to 1.02% (20% higher than the initial level).

[0061] Example 2:

[0062] Test location: Wengniute Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia (similar to sandy soil area, initial organic matter content 0.78%).

[0063] Implementation method: The method of Example 1 was adopted and two consecutive replanting cycles (2022-2024) were carried out.

[0064] Results: Soil organic matter content increased from 0.78% to 1.15% (an average annual increase of 18.5%), and the amount of chemical fertilizer input for soybean planting decreased from the traditional 35 kg / mu to 10 kg / mu (a reduction of 71.4%), verifying the applicability of this method in similar sandy soil areas.

[0065] It should be understood that numerous specific implementation decisions can be made during the development of any practical implementation, such as in any engineering or design project. Such development efforts may be complex and time-consuming, but for those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure, the development effort will be a routine work of design, manufacturing, and production without requiring much experimentation.

[0066] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for reducing weight and increasing efficiency of winter rye interplanted with soybean in Horqin Sandy Land, characterized in that, The application relates to a winter rye and soybean interplanting cultivation method for Kelqin sandy land. S1, sowing winter rye on the Kelqin sandy land after harvesting of the previous crop 40-60 days before overwintering; S2, harvesting the aboveground part of the winter rye as forage when the winter rye grows to the heading stage to the initial flowering stage, and only the root stubble of the winter rye is reserved in the field; S3, deep ploughing the Kelqin sandy land, and then raking, compacting and ploughing the winter rye root stubble into the soil to reach the ploughing state; S4, sowing medium-early-maturing soybeans on the Kelqin sandy land in the ploughing state, and spraying the soybeans with a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for leaf surface fertilization in the flowering and podding period and the grain filling period.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ploughing depth is 20-25 cm, a deep ploughing machine with a straw smashing function is used to uniformly mix the surface smashed straw with the ploughing soil.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sowing amount of the winter rye is 15-18 kg per mu, and the sowing mode is strip sowing with a row spacing of 15-20 cm.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The growth period of the medium-early-maturing soybeans is less than or equal to 115 days, and the sowing density is 18-22 thousand plants per mu.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution sprayed in the flowering and podding period is 0.2-0.3%, the concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution sprayed in the grain filling period is 0.8-1.2%, and the spraying amount of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution per mu is 40-60 kg.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is prepared by dissolving potassium dihydrogen phosphate solid in clean water, filtering through an 80-mesh filter screen and removing undissolved impurities.

7. Application of the winter rye and soybean interplanting cultivation method of claim 1-6 to increasing the soil organic matter content in the Kelqin sandy land and similar sandy soil areas.

8. Application of the winter rye and soybean interplanting cultivation method of claim 1-6 to reducing the chemical fertilizer input in the planting of legume crops in the Kelqin sandy land and similar sandy soil areas.

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