Laser aiming device for guiding kirschner wire to present point shape on screen of C-arm X-ray perspective machine in orthopedic surgery

Abstract

The invention relates to a front sight laser aiming auxiliary device which is used for guiding a kirschner wire to present a point-shaped perspective shadow on a C-arm screen in an orthopedic operation, and belongs to the technical field of medical instruments. The device aims at solving the problems that in traditional Kirschner wire perspective point forming operation, repeated perspective depends on the experience of an operator, radiation exposure is large, and operation precision is difficult to guarantee. The device mainly comprises a front sight base which can be fixed on the surface of a receiver of the C-arm machine, wherein a ball head base is arranged in the center of the front sight base; and the ball head laser indicator is arranged on the base and is adjustable in laser direction. When in use, the perspective image is adjusted to the central position of the front sight on the screen by moving the metal point on the operating table. Installing a laser lamp, adjusting the laser lamp to irradiate on a metal point on an operating table, and screwing a nut to fix the position of the laser lamp at the moment. Therefore, a visible laser guide line coinciding with the path of the target X-ray beam is established. And an operator only needs to adjust the guide needle along the laser ray and place the guide needle, so that the guide needle can be stably developed in a point shape in a perspective image, and accurate and rapid screw guide needle placement is realized. The device is simple in structure, low in cost, intuitive in operation, capable of remarkably reducing intraoperative radiation and reducing dependence on experience of operators, and suitable for being used in hospitals of all levels to carry out precise orthopedic surgery under perspective guidance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This device relates to the field of medical device technology, specifically an auxiliary device for precise intraoperative image-guided positioning, particularly a surgical aiming system that can be used with a C-arm X-ray machine to achieve real-time guidance through optical simulation of X-ray paths. This device is mainly used in minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries, especially suitable for surgical scenarios such as percutaneous sacroiliac screw placement where precise placement of guide pins or screws into narrow bony passages under fluoroscopic monitoring is required. It falls under the category of orthopedic surgical navigation and positioning devices. Background Technology

[0002] Percutaneous sacroiliac screw fixation is currently the mainstream minimally invasive surgical technique for treating unstable posterior pelvic injuries (such as sacral fractures and sacroiliac joint dislocations), offering advantages such as minimal trauma, reliable fixation, and facilitating early functional recovery. However, due to the complex anatomy of the sacrum, the narrow bony canal, and its proximity to important neurovascular structures, precise screw placement during surgery remains a challenge and a risk in clinical practice. Currently, the widely used traditional method relies heavily on repeated intraoperative fluoroscopy (especially pelvic inlet, outlet, and lateral sacral views) to monitor the position of the guide wire and screw. However, this method has significant limitations: the fluoroscopic images are two-dimensional superimposed images, making it difficult to visually determine whether the screw has penetrated the cortical bone or invaded the nerve canal, resulting in a still relatively high risk of intraoperative nerve injury (reported in the literature to be around 8%). Furthermore, the surgeon needs extensive fluoroscopic experience and spatial imagination to repeatedly adjust the guide wire direction, which not only prolongs the operation time but also significantly increases the radiation exposure of both patients and medical staff.

[0003] In recent years, to improve the accuracy and safety of screw placement, scholars at home and abroad have proposed a variety of improvement methods, such as: 1. Dot imaging technique: By adjusting the angle of the C-arm machine to make the sacral safety channel appear as an axial projection, and adjusting the guide needle to be parallel to the X-ray beam, it appears as a "dot" under fluoroscopy, thus confirming that it is located in the center of the safety channel. However, this method is difficult to operate, requires a high level of surgeon experience, and is prone to deviation when connecting the drill and maintaining the guide needle posture, often requiring repeated fluoroscopic verification. 2. Anatomical landmark guidance method: such as using landmarks such as the anterior border of the sacral nerve root canal and the clivus of the sacral wing to plan the needle insertion path on the lateral radiograph, but still requires multiple intraoperative fluoroscopic adjustments. 3. Navigation and robot-assisted systems: including CT navigation, 3D fluoroscopic navigation, and surgical robots, although they can significantly improve the accuracy of screw placement, the equipment is expensive, the operation is complex, and the learning curve is long, making it difficult to popularize in primary hospitals. In addition, existing auxiliary aiming methods mostly rely on the surgeon's hand-eye coordination and experience judgment, lacking real-time and intuitive external spatial guidance, resulting in poor repeatability and a high learning threshold.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an auxiliary device that is simple in structure, cost-controllable, intuitive in operation, and can guide the surgeon in real time to quickly adjust the guide needle to coincide with the target X-ray beam, so as to improve the accuracy of pin placement and surgical safety while reducing the number of fluoroscopy sessions, especially suitable for medical scenarios without advanced navigation equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a simple, intuitive, and cost-effective laser aiming aid device for crosshairs. It aims to achieve rapid and precise alignment of the guide needle with the target X-ray beam path during surgery, thereby stably obtaining "dot-like" guide needle imaging under fluoroscopy, significantly improving surgical accuracy, reducing radiation exposure, and reducing reliance on the surgeon's personal experience.

[0006] The technical solution for this device is as follows: A crosshair laser aiming aid device ( Figure 1 Design drawings; Figure 2-3 (Physical items) including: 1. Crosshair Positioning Module: Includes a base that can be fixed to the surface of the C-arm camera's image receiver. The surface has a metal "+" crosshair mark, and a ball head base in the center of the crosshair. Its function is to provide a crosshair perspective image on the perspective image.

[0007] 2. Laser guiding module: including a ball ring fitted onto the laser light and a laser pointer, this module is used to project a visible laser beam.

[0008] 3. Assemble the device: Place the ball ring onto the laser lamp, and install the laser lamp with the ball ring onto the sight base equipped with the ball head base. Then fix the sight base to the C-arm receiver, ensuring that the device remains stable when the C-arm is moved during the operation.

[0009] Working principle and operation procedure: First, using standard procedures (such as using a vertical Kirschner wire to locate a dot-like imaging point on the receiver), determine the projection point (point A) of the X-ray beam center on the receiver at the current projection angle. Align and fix the center of the device's crosshair base at point A. Next, place a metal marker within the surgical area and move it under fluoroscopy until its image coincides with the crosshair center. At this point, the actual position of the metal marker (point B) is located on the central axis of the X-ray beam. Then, adjust the laser pointer so that the laser spot precisely falls on the metal marker (point B). At this point, the laser beam path is completely aligned with the central axis of the X-ray beam.

[0010] During the procedure, the surgeon simply places the tip of the guide needle at the skin entry point where the laser spot is located, and then adjusts the guide needle's posture to move the laser spot from the tip to the tail. At this point, the axis of the guide needle coincides with the laser beam (i.e., the central axis of the X-ray beam). Maintaining this direction during needle insertion will result in stable and clear dot-like imaging on the fluoroscopic screen, thus ensuring that the guide needle is centered in the predetermined safe bony channel.

[0011] Working principle diagram ( Figure 4 1. C-arm receiver 2. Center point A of the crosshair 3. X-ray beam 4. Metal marker point B on the operating table 5. X-ray tube 6. Constrictor

[0012] The beneficial effects of this device are: 1. Precise and reliable: It transforms the invisible X-ray path into a visible laser beam for guidance, achieving precise spatial alignment with the X-ray beam and ensuring the accuracy of the pin placement path.

[0013] 2. Intuitive and simplified operation: The traditional adjustment process, which relies on spatial imagination and repeated trial and error, is transformed into a simple visual operation of "aligning with the laser," which greatly reduces the technical difficulty and learning curve.

[0014] 3. Significantly reduced radiation: The main aiming process is completed by laser vision, and fluoroscopy is only required in key steps (such as confirming the initial safe zone and verifying the final position), which greatly reduces the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy sessions and radiation dose.

[0015] 4. Improved safety: It avoids iatrogenic damage to surrounding tissues that may be caused by repeated adjustments to the guide needle direction, while ensuring that the screw is placed into the safe area in one go, reducing the risk of nerve and blood vessel damage.

[0016] 5. Low cost and good compatibility: The device has a simple structure and can be used directly with existing C-arm machines in hospitals. It does not require expensive and complicated navigation or robotic systems, which is conducive to its promotion and application in medical institutions at all levels. Attached image description: Figure 1 Design drawings; Figure 2-3 Physical object; Figure 4 Working principle diagram.

Claims

1. A laser aiming aid for a front sight, comprising: It comprises: a sight base with metal sight marks on its surface, which is suitable for being detachably fixed on the surface of the image receiver of a C-arm machine; a ball head base in the center of the sight base; a ball head laser pointer, which is composed of a ball head ring on the laser pointer and can be installed on the ball head base; a screw cap for fixing the position of the ball head laser pointer.

2. metal mark points for aligning the center of the sight and the laser point in the calibration process; and a fixing structure for fixing the sight base on the surface of the image receiver.

3. The laser aiming aid of claim 1, wherein, The sight base is provided with a metal "cross" sight.

4. The laser aiming aid of claim 1, wherein, The laser pointer is installed on the sight base through a ball head ring and a ball head base.

5. The laser aiming aid of claim 1, wherein, The ball head base is provided with a nut for fixing the position of the ball head laser pointer.

6. The laser aiming aid of claim 1, wherein, The metal mark points are metal balls for C-arm imaging.

7. The laser sight aiming aid of claim 1, wherein, The fixing structure is double-sided adhesive tape.

8. The laser aiming aid of claim 1, wherein, The sight base is made of light material which is transparent to X-rays or weakly attenuates X-rays.

9. The laser aiming aid of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The device is a disposable device.

10. A surgical aiming system, characterized by, It comprises a C-arm machine and a sight laser aiming auxiliary device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which is installed on the image receiver of the C-arm machine through the fixing structure.

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