Butyl rubber composition, butyl rubber and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention provides a butyl rubber composition, butyl rubber and a photovoltaic module. The butyl rubber composition is prepared from 100 to 200 parts of butyl rubber, 80 to 200 parts of polyisobutene, 0.4 to 25 parts of functional additive and 3 to 40 parts of tackifying resin; wherein the functional additive is selected from any one or more of a supramolecular material, a nano confinement filler and a dynamic bonding polymer. The formula ensures the optimal compatibility between the butyl rubber matrix and the functional auxiliary agent, prevents the auxiliary agent from being agglomerated in the rubber body, improves the dispersity and activity of the auxiliary agent, and enables the butyl rubber to have excellent stability, water vapor barrier property and binding power, and the service life of the butyl rubber is prolonged. The problem that in the prior art, a packaging material cannot effectively restrain ion migration in a packaging assembly, and consequently the stability of the packaging assembly is poor is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar cell technology, and more specifically, to a butyl rubber composition, butyl rubber, and photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] Butyl rubber, due to its unique structure, exhibits superior water-blocking properties compared to other sealants, making it a widely recognized excellent sealing material. For a long time, it has been extensively used for edge sealing of photovoltaic modules to prevent performance degradation caused by moisture or oxidation.

[0003] Perovskite solar cells, as an emerging high-efficiency, low-cost photovoltaic technology, have shown great application potential. However, perovskite materials are extremely sensitive to water vapor and oxygen, and their inherent ion migration phenomena (mainly halide anions) further complicate matters. and B (etc.) is one of the core reasons for device performance degradation and failure, directly affecting battery efficiency, stability, reliability and commercial prospects.

[0004] Current encapsulation materials aim to create a more tightly sealed environment to protect the battery from external environmental influences. However, they fail to address the issue of suppressing ion migration within the device. Particularly when facing the critical problem of complex ion migration within perovskite cells, current encapsulation materials are limited to physical barriers and lack a direct mechanism to inhibit halide anion migration.

[0005] Therefore, in order to further improve the long-term stability of solar cells, it is urgent to develop a new type of encapsulation material. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main objective of this invention is to provide a butyl rubber composition, butyl rubber, and photovoltaic module to solve the problem that the existing encapsulation materials cannot effectively suppress ion migration inside the encapsulated module, resulting in poor stability of the encapsulated module.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a butyl rubber composition is provided, comprising, by weight, 100-200 parts of butyl rubber, 80-200 parts of polyisobutylene, 0.4-25 parts of functional additives, and 3-40 parts of tackifying resin; wherein the functional additives are selected from any one or more of supramolecular materials, nano-confined fillers, and dynamically bonded polymers.

[0008] Furthermore, the aforementioned functional additive is a combination of nano-confined filler and supramolecular material, with a mass ratio of nano-confined filler to supramolecular material of 4~8:1~3; and / or, the functional additive is a combination of nano-confined filler and dynamically bonded polymer, with a mass ratio of nano-confined filler to dynamically bonded polymer of 4~8:1~4; and / or, the functional additive is a combination of nano-confined filler, supramolecular material and dynamically bonded polymer, with a mass ratio of nano-confined filler, supramolecular material and dynamically bonded polymer of 4~8:1~3:1~4.

[0009] Furthermore, the aforementioned nano-confined filler is selected from any one or more of the following: aminated mesoporous silica, sulfonated graphene oxide (S-GO), organic lithium saponite (O-LAP), zirconium phosphate nanosheets (ZrP-NS), and layered double hydroxides (LDH).

[0010] Furthermore, the supramolecular material is selected from any one or more of sulfonated calix[8]arene (SC8A), aminocalix[6]arene (AC6A-NH2), β-cyclodextrin sulfonate (S-β-CD), cucurbit[7]urea (CB[7]) and column[5]arene carboxylic acid ester (CP5-COO).

[0011] Furthermore, the aforementioned dynamically bonded polymers are selected from borate-esterified polybutadiene, disulfide-crosslinked polyurethane, quadruple hydrogen-bonded UPy polymers, and Zn. Any one or more of the coordinated polyacrylic acids.

[0012] Furthermore, the aforementioned tackifying resin is selected from any one or more of APAO, alkylphenol resins, terpene resins, rosin and its derivatives, and hydrocarbon resins.

[0013] Furthermore, by weight, the butyl rubber composition also includes 30 to 120 parts of inorganic filler; the inorganic filler is selected from any one or more of 3A molecular sieve, talc powder, mica powder, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide and calcium chloride.

[0014] Furthermore, by weight, the butyl rubber composition further includes 0.4 to 6 parts of auxiliary antioxidant; the auxiliary antioxidant is selected from any one or more of antioxidant 168, antioxidant 626, antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 1076 and antioxidant 1520; and / or the butyl rubber composition further includes 1 to 20 parts of light stabilizer; the light stabilizer is selected from any one or more of light stabilizer 326, light stabilizer 328, light stabilizer 622, light stabilizer 770 and light stabilizer 944; and / or the butyl rubber composition further includes 1 to 20 parts of carbon black.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, a butyl rubber is provided, which is prepared by mixing a butyl rubber composition, wherein the butyl rubber composition is the aforementioned butyl rubber composition.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, a photovoltaic module is provided, comprising butyl rubber, wherein the butyl rubber is the butyl rubber described above.

[0017] By applying the technical solution of this invention, this application ensures optimal compatibility between the butyl rubber matrix and functional additives through a carefully designed formulation ratio. This effectively prevents the aggregation of additives in the colloid, improves the dispersibility and activity of the additives, and thus enhances the efficiency of encapsulated components such as perovskite batteries. This allows the butyl rubber to achieve excellent stability, water vapor barrier properties, and adhesion, extending the service life of encapsulated components such as perovskite batteries. Specifically, butyl rubber, due to its carbon-carbon main chain and numerous methyl groups in its side chains, possesses excellent water-blocking properties and chemical stability, making it an ideal matrix material. Polyisobutylene, through its molecular structure, forms good compatibility with butyl rubber, enhancing the adhesion and sealing properties of the colloid. This application utilizes the synergistic effect of the combination of butyl rubber and polyisobutylene, ensuring both the flexibility and elasticity of the colloid and enhancing its barrier properties against water vapor and ions. More importantly, the added functional additives, supramolecular materials, nano-confined fillers, or dynamically bonded polymers can form specific chemical environments that capture and passivate halogen anions in encapsulated components such as perovskite batteries, reducing their migration and thus improving battery stability. Simultaneously, they prevent ion migration from eroding the colloid, playing a role in anti-aging and extending the colloid's lifespan. The added tackifiers help ensure the adhesion of the butyl rubber. Detailed Implementation

[0018] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments.

[0019] As analyzed in the background art, the existing encapsulation materials cannot effectively suppress ion migration inside the encapsulation component, resulting in poor stability of the encapsulation component. To solve this problem, the present invention provides a butyl rubber composition, butyl rubber, and a photovoltaic module.

[0020] In a typical embodiment of this application, a butyl rubber composition is provided, comprising, by weight, 100-200 parts of butyl rubber, 80-200 parts of polyisobutylene, 0.4-25 parts of functional additives, and 3-40 parts of tackifying resin; wherein the functional additives are selected from any one or more of supramolecular materials, nano-confined fillers, and dynamically bonded polymers.

[0021] This application, through a carefully designed formulation ratio, ensures optimal compatibility between the butyl rubber matrix and functional additives, effectively preventing the aggregation of additives in the colloid, improving the dispersion and activity of the additives, thereby enhancing the efficiency of encapsulated components such as perovskite batteries. This allows the butyl rubber to maintain excellent stability, water vapor barrier properties, and adhesion, extending the lifespan of encapsulated components such as perovskite batteries. Specifically, butyl rubber, due to its carbon-carbon main chain and numerous methyl groups in its side chains, possesses excellent water-blocking properties and chemical stability, making it an ideal matrix material. Polyisobutylene, through its molecular structure, forms good compatibility with butyl rubber, enhancing the adhesion and sealing properties of the colloid. This application utilizes the synergistic effect of the combination of butyl rubber and polyisobutylene, ensuring both the flexibility and elasticity of the colloid and enhancing its barrier properties against water vapor and ions. More importantly, the added functional additives, supramolecular materials, nano-confined fillers, or dynamically bonded polymers can form specific chemical environments that capture and passivate halogen anions in encapsulated components such as perovskite batteries, reducing their migration and thus improving battery stability. Simultaneously, they prevent ion migration from eroding the colloid, playing a role in anti-aging and extending the colloid's lifespan. The added tackifiers help ensure the adhesion of the butyl rubber.

[0022] In one embodiment of this application, the functional additive is a combination of nanoconfined filler and supramolecular material, with a mass ratio of 4~8:1~3; and / or, the functional additive is a combination of nanoconfined filler and dynamically bonded polymer, with a mass ratio of 4~8:1~4; and / or, the functional additive is a combination of supramolecular material, nanoconfined filler and dynamically bonded polymer, with a mass ratio of 4~8:1~3:1~4.

[0023] The synergistic effect of the above-mentioned different types of functional additives helps to reduce the migration of halide anions in perovskite batteries through a more comprehensive synergistic mechanism, thereby improving battery stability.

[0024] Among them, nano-confined fillers act as physical barriers at the nanoscale, with their mechanism of action based on the nanoscale spatial confinement effect and the tortuous path effect. The key structure they rely on is a material with nanoscale channels or layered structures. Specifically, the principles are: size exclusion—the size of the filler's nanopores is close to or smaller than the diameter of the ion-solubilizing shell, generating significant steric hindrance; surface adsorption—the inner surface of the channels can interact with ions, further immobilizing them; and the tortuous path—uniformly dispersed nanofillers form a "maze" within the polymer matrix, forcing ions to detour and greatly extending their migration path.

[0025] The synergistic effect of nano-confined fillers, supramolecular materials, and dynamically bonded polymers is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0026] 1. A collaborative defense chain of "capture-restriction-repair"

[0027] Active trapping by supramolecular materials: When halide ions begin to precipitate from the perovskite layer and attempt to diffuse into the butyl rubber, they first encounter supramolecular "trappers" scattered throughout the rubber. These traps can bind efficiently and selectively. The reduction of freely moving ions at the source significantly alleviates the pressure on subsequent barriers. The physical confinement of nanofillers restricts ion diffusion, making their migration paths extremely tortuous and significantly reducing their migration rate. This provides more opportunities for ion capture and buys time for the self-healing network. Dynamically bonded polymers provide dynamic repair: During long-term operation, micro-cracks or defects may develop inside butyl rubber due to thermal cycling or mechanical stress, becoming "fast channels" for ion migration. Dynamically bonded polymers play a crucial role here. When cracks form, localized stress or heat triggers reversible breakage and reconstruction of dynamic bonds, automatically healing these cracks, restoring the integrity of the barrier, and preventing accelerated ion diffusion through these channels. These three elements form a positive cycle: supramolecular materials reduce ion concentration, alleviating the pressure on nanofillers; nanofillers slow down ion diffusion, increasing the capture probability and time of supramolecular materials; and dynamic polymers ensure the long-term integrity and reliability of the entire barrier system, preventing defense vulnerabilities due to material aging, thus forming a positive cycle.

[0028] 2. Collaborative enhancement of interface stability

[0029] The perovskite / encapsulant interface is a "hotspot" for ion migration and degradation reactions. Supramolecular materials can preferentially accumulate at the interface, acting as a "molecular fence" to directly passivate halogen vacancies on the perovskite surface or capture ions escaping from the surface, stabilizing the interfacial chemical environment. Dynamically bonded polymers, through the mobility of their chain segments, can better adhere to the rough perovskite surface, reducing interfacial porosity. When the interface experiences micro-delamination due to stress, its self-healing properties can repair interfacial adhesion and maintain tight contact. Nanofillers can increase the modulus and strength of butyl rubber and inhibit excessive creep of polymer chain segments, thereby providing more stable mechanical support on a macroscopic level and preventing interfacial failure due to deformation.

[0030] 3. Synergy between stress dissipation and defect repair

[0031] Perovskite solar cells experience thermal expansion and contraction during operation, generating internal stress. Firstly, the network of dynamically bonded polymers dissipates stress through bond breaking and recombination, preventing stress concentration that could lead to cracking of the encapsulation layer or the perovskite itself. If stress still results in microcracks, nanofillers can act as physical cross-linking points, hindering crack propagation. Simultaneously, the dynamic polymer network immediately initiates a self-healing process at the crack site. Furthermore, supramolecular interactions are inherently dynamic and reversible; their binding and dissociation processes also contribute to energy dissipation. These three factors work together to significantly enhance the encapsulation system's ability to withstand external stresses.

[0032] In one embodiment of this application, the above-mentioned nanoconfined filler is selected from any one or more of amino-modified mesoporous silica, sulfonated graphene oxide (S-GO), organolithium saponite (O-LAP), zirconium phosphate nanosheets (ZrP-NS), and layered double hydroxides (LDH).

[0033] The preferred nano-confined fillers can chemically interact with halide anions in perovskite solar cells through their surface functional groups, reducing their migration and thus improving the stability of the cells.

[0034] In one embodiment of this application, the supramolecular material is selected from any one or more of sulfonated calix[8]arene (SC8A), aminocalix[6]arene (AC6A-NH2), β-cyclodextrin sulfonate (S-β-CD), cucurbit[7]urea (CB[7]) and column[5]arene carboxylic acid ester (CP5-COO).

[0035] The preferred supramolecular materials can form stable host-guest complexes or inclusion complexes with halide anions through their macrocyclic cavities (such as crown ethers, cyclodextrins, etc.), thereby effectively passivating halide anions in perovskite batteries, reducing their migration, and thus improving battery stability.

[0036] In one embodiment of this application, the dynamically bonded polymer is selected from borate-esterified polybutadiene, disulfide-crosslinked polyurethane, tetrahydrobonded UPy polymer, and Zn. Any one or more of the coordinated polyacrylic acids.

[0037] The preferred dynamic bonding polymers can capture ions through dynamic bonding mechanisms, reduce their migration, and thus improve battery stability. At the same time, through the reversible breaking and rebuilding mechanism of their dynamic bonds, the long-term reliability of butyl rubber is guaranteed.

[0038] In one embodiment of this application, the tackifying resin is selected from any one or more of APAO (206), alkylphenol resin, terpene resin, rosin and its derivatives, and hydrocarbon resins.

[0039] The preferred tackifying resins described above help to further improve the adhesive strength of butyl rubber.

[0040] In one embodiment of this application, the butyl rubber composition further includes 30 to 120 parts by weight of inorganic filler; the inorganic filler is selected from any one or more of 3A molecular sieve, talc powder, mica powder, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide and calcium chloride.

[0041] The inorganic fillers mentioned above not only enhance the physical properties of butyl rubber, such as hardness and abrasion resistance, but also effectively adsorb moisture through their porous structure and surface active sites, reducing its damage to perovskite solar cells.

[0042] In one embodiment of this application, the butyl rubber composition further includes 0.4 to 6 parts by weight of an auxiliary antioxidant; the auxiliary antioxidant is selected from any one or more of antioxidants 168, 626, 1010, 1076, and 1520; and / or the butyl rubber composition further includes 1 to 20 parts of a light stabilizer; the light stabilizer is selected from any one or more of light stabilizers 326, 328, 622, 770, and 944; and / or the butyl rubber composition further includes 1 to 20 parts of carbon black.

[0043] The addition of auxiliary antioxidants can effectively inhibit the oxidative aging of butyl rubber during long-term use, maintain its performance stability, extend its service life, and indirectly improve the overall stability and reliability of perovskite solar cells. The addition of light stabilizers can effectively reduce the photodegradation of butyl rubber under light conditions, maintain its long-term optical transparency and physical properties, and extend its service life in outdoor environments. Selected carbon black helps to play the following roles: 1. Reinforcing and toughening, providing necessary mechanical properties; 2. Shielding ultraviolet rays, greatly extending the service life of butyl rubber and its protected objects; 3. Adjusting processability and rheology, making it easy to apply and utilize.

[0044] In another typical embodiment of this application, a butyl rubber is provided, which is prepared by mixing a butyl rubber composition, wherein the butyl rubber composition is the butyl rubber composition described above.

[0045] The butyl rubber prepared by mixing the above butyl rubber composition can take into account excellent stability, water vapor barrier and adhesion, thereby extending the service life of encapsulated components such as perovskite batteries.

[0046] In another typical embodiment of this application, a photovoltaic module is provided, including butyl rubber, which is the butyl rubber described above.

[0047] Photovoltaic modules containing the above-mentioned butyl rubber have a longer service life.

[0048] The beneficial effects of this application will be explained below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] Add 6 parts of carbon black and 50 parts of talc to a vacuum kneader and stir under vacuum for 30 minutes. Then add 100 parts of butyl rubber, 150 parts of polyisobutylene, 2 parts of amino-modified mesoporous silica (MCM-41, Sigma-Aldrich), 1 part of antioxidant 626 and 4 parts of light stabilizer 770, stir under vacuum for 30 minutes, and finally add 4 parts of APAO206 and stir under vacuum for 60 minutes to obtain butyl rubber.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] The difference from Example 1 is that sulfonated calix[8] aromatics (SC8A) (TYS-8A, Hebei Tongyun Additives Co., Ltd.) was used to replace amino-modified mesoporous silica (MCM-41, Sigma-Aldrich) to finally obtain butyl rubber.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] The difference from Example 1 is that borate-esterified polybutadiene (BAC-45A, Ube Industries, Japan) was used instead of amino-modified mesoporous silica (MCM-41, Sigma-Aldrich) to finally obtain butyl rubber.

[0055] Example 4

[0056] The difference from Example 1 is that the functional additive is a combination of amino-modified mesoporous silica (MCM-41, Sigma-Aldrich) and sulfonated calix[8] aromatics (SC8A) (TYS-8A, Hebei Tongyun Additives Co., Ltd.), with a mass ratio of amino-modified mesoporous silica to sulfonated calix[8] aromatics of 4:1, and finally butyl rubber is obtained.

[0057] Example 5

[0058] The difference from Example 4 is that the mass ratio of amino-modified mesoporous silica (MCM-41, Sigma-Aldrich) to sulfonated calix[8] aromatic hydrocarbon (SC8A) (TYS-8A, Hebei Tongyun Additives Co., Ltd.) is 8:3, and butyl rubber is finally obtained.

[0059] Example 6

[0060] The difference from Example 4 is that the mass ratio of amino-modified mesoporous silica (MCM-41, Sigma-Aldrich) to sulfonated calix[8] aromatic hydrocarbon (SC8A) (TYS-8A, Hebei Tongyun Additives Co., Ltd.) is 1:2, and butyl rubber is finally obtained.

[0061] Example 7

[0062] The difference from Example 1 is that the functional additive is a combination of amino-modified mesoporous silica (MCM-41, Sigma-Aldrich) and borate-esterified polybutadiene (BAC-45A, Ube Industries, Japan), with a mass ratio of amino-modified mesoporous silica to borate-esterified polybutadiene of 4:1, ultimately yielding butyl rubber.

[0063] Example 8

[0064] The difference from Example 7 is that the mass ratio of amino-modified mesoporous silica (MCM-41, Sigma-Aldrich) to borate-modified polybutadiene (BAC-45A, Ube Industries, Japan) is 2:1, and butyl rubber is finally obtained.

[0065] Example 9

[0066] The difference from Example 7 is that the mass ratio of amino-modified mesoporous silica (MCM-41, Sigma-Aldrich) to borate-modified polybutadiene (BAC-45A, Ube Industries, Japan) is 1:5, and butyl rubber is finally obtained.

[0067] Example 10

[0068] The difference from Example 4 is that the functional additive is a combination of sulfonated calix[8] aromatics (SC8A) (TYS-8A, Hebei Tongyun Additives Co., Ltd.) and borate esterified polybutadiene (BAC-45A, Ube Industries, Japan). The mass ratio of sulfonated calix[8] aromatics (SC8A) to borate esterified polybutadiene is 1:1, and butyl rubber is finally obtained.

[0069] Example 11

[0070] The difference from Example 1 is that the functional additives are a combination of amino-modified mesoporous silica (MCM-41, Sigma-Aldrich), sulfonated calix[8] aromatics (SC8A) (TYS-8A, Hebei Tongyun Additives Co., Ltd.), and borosilicated polybutadiene (BAC-45A, Ube Industries, Japan). The mass ratio of amino-modified mesoporous silica, sulfonated calix[8] aromatics and borosilicated polybutadiene is 4:1:4, and butyl rubber is finally obtained.

[0071] Example 12

[0072] The difference from Example 11 is that the functional additives are amino-modified mesoporous silica (MCM-41, Sigma-Aldrich), sulfonated calix[8] aromatic hydrocarbon (SC8A) (TYS-8A, Hebei Tongyun Additives Co., Ltd.) and borate esterified polybutadiene (BAC-45A, Ube Industries, Japan) in a mass ratio of 8:3:1, and finally butyl rubber is obtained.

[0073] Example 13

[0074] The difference from Example 11 is that the functional additives are amino-modified mesoporous silica (MCM-41, Sigma-Aldrich), sulfonated calix[8] aromatic hydrocarbon (SC8A) (TYS-8A, Hebei Tongyun Additives Co., Ltd.) and borate esterified polybutadiene (BAC-45A, Ube Industries, Japan) in a mass ratio of 1:2:3, and finally butyl rubber is obtained.

[0075] Example 14

[0076] The difference from Example 1 is that 1 part carbon black and 30 parts talc powder are added to a vacuum kneader and vacuum stirred for 30 minutes. Then, 100 parts butyl rubber, 80 parts polyisobutylene, 0.4 parts amino-modified mesoporous silica (MCM-41, Sigma-Aldrich), 0.4 parts 168 antioxidant and 1 part 770 light stabilizer are added and vacuum stirred for 30 minutes. Finally, 4 parts APAO206 are added and vacuum stirred for 60 minutes to obtain butyl rubber.

[0077] Example 15

[0078] The difference from Example 1 is that 20 parts of carbon black and 120 parts of calcium carbonate were added to a vacuum kneader and vacuum stirred for 30 minutes. Then, 200 parts of butyl rubber, 200 parts of polyisobutylene, 25 parts of amino-modified mesoporous silica (MCM-41, Sigma-Aldrich), 6 parts of 1010 antioxidant and 20 parts of 328 light stabilizer were added and vacuum stirred for 30 minutes. Finally, 4 parts of APAO206 were added and vacuum stirred for 60 minutes to obtain butyl rubber.

[0079] Comparative Example 1

[0080] The difference from Example 1 is that no amino-modified mesoporous silica is added, and butyl rubber is finally obtained.

[0081] Comparative Example 2

[0082] The difference from Example 1 is that the functional additive is zeolite, and butyl rubber is finally obtained.

[0083] Performance testing:

[0084] The butyl rubber obtained in the above examples and comparative examples was tested for its halide ion adsorption capacity, stability, adhesion, and water vapor transmission rate. The specific test methods are as follows:

[0085] Halogen ion adsorption capacity test:

[0086] The butyl gum sample was placed in a solution of potassium iodide (KI) and potassium bromide (KBr) of a certain concentration and shaken at 60°C for 24 hours. The sample was then centrifuged at high speed to completely separate it from the solution. The concentrations of remaining iodide and bromide ions in the solution were determined by ion chromatography to obtain the adsorption capacity of butyl gum for these ions.

[0087] Stability: Perovskite solar cell samples encapsulated with the butyl rubber described in this application were placed in a specially designed light aging chamber filled with high-purity oxygen (100% purity) for aging. Accelerated aging tests were conducted under the conditions specified in ISOS-L-1I standard. Aging conditions included: one standard sunlight intensity (AM 1.5G, 100 mW / cm²), an ambient temperature of 65°C, and continuous exposure to an oxygen atmosphere. Samples were removed every 8 hours to observe changes in their surface morphology. The appearance of yellow spots was considered as decomposition of the perovskite layer, indicating failure.

[0088] Adhesion strength attenuation rate: The initial adhesion strength a1 of the butyl rubber sample and the adhesion strength a2 after being placed under the same "stability" test conditions for 48 hours are measured. The adhesion strength attenuation rate a% = (a1-a2) / a1 100%. The sample preparation and testing method for the adhesion test are as follows: Prepare patterned glass and wire mesh. The specifications of the patterned glass are: 300mm in size. 300mm; Wire mesh specifications: 304 stainless steel, 50-80 mesh, diameter 0.15mm, size: 125mm 10mm. Attach the butyl rubber sample to the patterned glass (patterned surface), then align the wire mesh with one end of the butyl rubber and cover it, ensuring the wire mesh extends 20mm beyond the butyl rubber. Press lightly to adhere the wire mesh to the butyl rubber. Then, lay a second strip of butyl rubber on top of the wire mesh, press lightly, and secure with high-temperature tape. Finally, cover with a release film (size matching the patterned glass). Place the sample in a laminating machine for lamination at 145-150℃ for 15 minutes. After lamination, cool and remove the sample. After 24 hours under standard test conditions, use a cutter to cut along the edge of the wire mesh, ensuring the sample is perfectly flat without stretching or wrinkling. Perform a peel strength test using an electronic universal tester. Clamp the sample in the lower fixture and test the peel strength between the butyl rubber and the patterned glass (180° peel, speed 100mm / min). The sample should not break during the test. Record the arithmetic mean of the stable value.

[0089] Water vapor transmission rate: According to GB / T 26253-2010, place the sample on release paper, heat it to a suitable temperature, and then press it to a thickness of (1.0±0.1) mm. Cut the sample to a suitable size according to the test chamber size. Operate according to the instructions of the water vapor transmission rate tester. The test temperature is 38℃, the humidity is 90%, the test time is 48h, and the test results are recorded.

[0090] The test results are listed in Table 1.

[0091] Table 1

[0092]

[0093] As can be seen from the above description, the embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0094] This application, through a carefully designed formulation ratio, ensures optimal compatibility between the butyl rubber matrix and functional additives, effectively preventing additive aggregation in the colloid, improving additive dispersibility and activity, thereby enhancing the efficiency of encapsulated components such as perovskite batteries. This allows the butyl rubber to maintain excellent stability, moisture barrier properties, and adhesion, extending the lifespan of encapsulated components like perovskite batteries. Specifically, butyl rubber, with its carbon-carbon main chain and numerous methyl groups in its side chains, possesses excellent water-blocking properties and chemical stability, making it an ideal matrix material. Polyisobutylene, through its molecular structure, forms good compatibility with butyl rubber, enhancing the adhesion and sealing properties of the colloid. This application utilizes the synergistic effect of the combination of butyl rubber and polyisobutylene, ensuring both the flexibility and elasticity of the colloid and enhancing its barrier properties against moisture and ions. More importantly, the added functional additives—supramolecular materials, nano-confined fillers, or dynamically bonded polymers—can form a specific chemical environment that captures and passivates halide anions in the perovskite battery, reducing their migration and thus improving battery stability. It also prevents ion migration from eroding the colloid, thus playing a role in anti-aging and extending the colloid's lifespan. The added tackifier helps ensure the adhesive strength of the butyl rubber.

[0095] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A butyl rubber composition, characterized by, The butyl rubber composition comprises, in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of butyl rubber; 80-200 parts of polyisobutylene; 0.4-25 parts of functional additive; 3-40 parts of tackifying resin; The functional additive is selected from any one or more of supramolecular material, nano-confinement filler and dynamic covalent polymer.

2. The butyl rubber composition of claim 1, wherein The functional additive is a combination of the nano-confinement filler and the supramolecular material, and the mass ratio of the nano-confinement filler to the supramolecular material is 4-8:1-3; The functional additive is a combination of the nano-confinement filler and the dynamic covalent polymer, and the mass ratio of the nano-confinement filler to the dynamic covalent polymer is 4-8:1-4; The functional additive is a combination of the supramolecular material, the nano-confinement filler and the dynamic covalent polymer, and the mass ratio of the nano-confinement filler, the supramolecular material and the dynamic covalent polymer is 4-8:1-3:1-4.

3. The butyl rubber composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The nano-confinement filler is selected from any one or more of amine-functionalized mesoporous silica, sulfonated graphene oxide, organically modified hectorite, zirconium phosphate nanosheet and layered double hydroxide.

4. The butyl rubber composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The supramolecular material is selected from any one or more of sulfonated calix[8]arene, amino calix[6]arene, β-cyclodextrin sulfonate, cucurbit[7]uril and pillar[5]arene carboxylate.

5. The butyl rubber composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The dynamic bonding polymer is selected from boronate esterified polybutadiene, disulfide crosslinked polyurethane, quadruple hydrogen bond UPy polymer, and Zn Any one or more of the coordination polyacrylic acid.

6. The butyl rubber composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein The tackifying resin is selected from any one or more of APAO, alkyl phenol-formaldehyde resin, terpene resin, rosin and derivatives thereof, and hydrocarbon resin.

7. The butyl rubber composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein The butyl rubber composition further comprises, in parts by weight, 30-120 parts of inorganic filler; the inorganic filler is selected from any one or more of 3A molecular sieve, talc powder, mica powder, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide and calcium chloride.

8. The butyl rubber composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The butyl rubber composition further comprises, in parts by weight, 0.4-6 parts of auxiliary antioxidant; the type of the auxiliary antioxidant is selected from any one or more of 168 antioxidant, 626 antioxidant, 1010 antioxidant, 1076 antioxidant and 1520 antioxidant; The butyl rubber composition further comprises 1-20 parts of light stabilizer; The type of the light stabilizer is selected from any one or more of 326 light stabilizer, 328 light stabilizer, 622 light stabilizer, 770 light stabilizer and 944 light stabilizer; The butyl rubber composition further comprises 1-20 parts of carbon black.

9. A butyl rubber prepared by mixing a butyl rubber composition, characterized in that, The butyl rubber composition is the butyl rubber composition according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. A photovoltaic module comprising a butyl glue, characterized in that, The butyl rubber is the butyl rubber according to claim 9.

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