Bridge damping device based on gravel friction energy dissipation

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of bridge engineering and discloses a bridge damping device based on gravel friction energy dissipation, which mainly comprises a gravel box, a gravel box transverse partition plate, a friction column, a friction rod, a universal hinge, gravel and a gravel cover plate. When the main beam moves horizontally and rotates relative to the pier, abutment, tower beam, etc. under the action of earthquake, vehicle load and wind load, the friction column and the friction rod generate friction with the gravel, thereby consuming vibration energy. The bridge damping device adopts the gravel friction energy dissipation mode, has a simple structure, clear stress, large friction, low installation requirement, good durability, low manufacturing and maintenance cost, does not cause the jamming or emptying failure phenomenon, and meets the long-term service requirement of bridge engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bridge engineering vibration control technology, and relates to a bridge vibration reduction device based on the energy dissipation of sand and gravel friction. Background Technology

[0002] Under seismic loads, bridges experience significant vibration responses between the main girder and the substructure. If energy dissipation is ineffective, substantial stress concentrations can form at structural joints, impacting the overall safety, durability, and operational performance of the bridge. Therefore, the appropriate design of energy dissipation and vibration damping devices is a crucial technical means to improve the seismic performance and service reliability of bridges.

[0003] Currently, common bridge vibration damping devices used in engineering include rubber bearings, hydraulic or viscous dampers, metal yield-type energy dissipation components, and friction-type energy dissipation devices. Rubber bearings mainly rely on the elastic deformation of the material to achieve seismic isolation. During long-term service, they are susceptible to aging due to environmental factors, and their mechanical properties are at risk of deterioration. Hydraulic or viscous dampers have relatively complex structures, requiring high sealing and manufacturing precision, resulting in high initial purchase and subsequent maintenance costs. Their damping performance is also easily affected by temperature changes. Metal yield-type energy dissipation components typically rely on the material entering the plastic stage to dissipate energy. After repeated stress, they are prone to cumulative damage, affecting their energy dissipation stability and service life.

[0004] Friction-type energy dissipation devices have found some application in bridge vibration reduction due to their intuitive energy dissipation mechanism and relatively simple structure. Friction force mainly depends on the friction coefficient and the pressure at the friction interface. However, most existing friction-type energy dissipation devices rely on direct contact between components to generate sliding friction, which has two main drawbacks: First, over time, the friction surface becomes smoother, significantly reducing the friction coefficient and thus the friction force. Second, under dynamic loads, long-span bridges experience significant displacement in the normal direction of the friction device, potentially generating very high pressure or causing the device to detach from the bridge. Therefore, these devices are prone to unstable energy dissipation efficiency, insufficient adaptability, or even complete failure under complex stress conditions. Furthermore, some friction devices can introduce very large additional bending moments when the main beam of the bridge moves relative to the substructure, which is detrimental to the stress on the main beam and thus limits their engineering application.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a bridge vibration damping device that is simple in structure, has a clear friction energy dissipation mechanism, is robust, easy to replace, economical and efficient, and can control horizontal and vertical multi-degree-of-freedom vibrations, so as to meet the stringent seismic performance requirements of modern bridge engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a bridge vibration damping device based on the energy dissipation of sand and gravel friction.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0008] A bridge vibration damping device based on gravel friction energy dissipation includes a gravel box 1, gravel box diaphragms 2, friction columns 3, friction rods 4, universal hinges 5, gravel 6, and a gravel cover plate 7. The gravel box 1 is fixed to the bridge tower beam, pier, or abutment. Several vertical gravel box diaphragms 2 are set inside the gravel box 1. Several vertically set friction columns 3 and horizontally set friction rods 4 form a rigid frame and are placed inside the gravel box 1. The top of the friction columns 3 is connected to the main beam of the bridge through universal hinges 5 (to improve the stress on the main beam). The gravel box 1 is filled with gravel 6, and a gravel cover plate 7 that can pass through the friction columns 3 is provided on the top surface of the gravel 6.

[0009] The gravel box 1 has a length and width of 0.5m-5m and a depth of 0.5m-2m to ensure that the friction column 3 and friction rod 4 can fully contact the gravel 6 under vibration in all directions. Its material, size, form, and quantity are not limited. The specific dimensions of the gravel box 1 are determined by comprehensively considering parameters such as bridge span, installation space, vibration displacement, and energy consumption requirements.

[0010] The crossbeams 2 of the gravel box have sufficient strength, rigidity, and wear resistance, and their surfaces are as rough as possible to improve friction. The spacing between adjacent crossbeams 2 is 0.2m-1m to restrict the overall flow of gravel 6 and improve the stability of frictional energy dissipation. The contact area between the crossbeams 2 and the gravel 6 is not less than 20% of the area of ​​the crossbeams 2, and its material, size, form, quantity, and position are not limited.

[0011] The friction column 3 and friction rod 4 possess sufficient strength, rigidity, and wear resistance, with a rough surface to enhance friction. Their material, size, form, and quantity are unrestricted, and their planar position is determined by considering their relationship with the position of the crossbeam 2 of the gravel box. The lower end of the friction column 3 and the bottom surface of the friction rod 4 are tapered to ensure that when the main beam moves vertically relative to the crossbeam, the friction column 3 and friction rod 4 can easily insert into the gravel 6 to a sufficient depth. The insertion depth of the friction column 3 is 0.3m-1.5m, and the distance between the lower end of the friction column 3 and the bottom plate of the gravel box 1 is 0.1m-0.2m.

[0012] The universal joint 5 has sufficient strength and rigidity, and its material, size, form and quantity are not limited.

[0013] The gravel 6 has sufficient strength and shear and sliding resistance, with an average particle size of 1cm-5cm, achieving a reasonable gradation, and the material type is not limited.

[0014] The gravel cover plate 7 has sufficient strength, rigidity, thickness, quality and wear resistance. Its material, form, size and quantity are not limited. The gravel cover plate 7 is provided with an upward-curved edge structure around its perimeter to prevent the gravel 6 from rolling to the top of the gravel cover plate 7, thereby improving the density and flatness of the gravel 6 and ensuring the reliability of the device.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) This invention adopts a sand and gravel (inexpensive and readily available) friction energy dissipation method, which has a simple structure, clear force, large friction force, low installation requirements, good durability, low manufacturing and maintenance costs, and will not cause jamming or detachment failure, thus meeting the long-term service requirements of bridge engineering; (2) The friction column and friction rod form a rigid frame structure, which is connected to the main beam of the bridge through a universal joint, eliminating the bending moment at the root of the friction column, greatly improving the stress on the bridge structure and the device, and reducing the cost of the device; (3) The lower end of the friction column and the bottom surface of the friction rod are made into a cone shape, thereby ensuring that the friction column and friction rod can move up and down in and out of the sand and gravel without getting stuck, and avoiding excessive placement of the friction column and friction rod outside the sand and gravel. This leads to a significant decrease in control efficiency; (4) The lower end of the friction column and the bottom of the box are left with space, which can prevent the friction column from pressing against the bottom of the box and causing the main beam to be unfavorable or the device to be damaged under the action of temperature, vehicles and wind loads. It can also provide vertical movement space for the friction column and friction rod, suppressing the vertical vibration of the main beam; (5) The gravel cover plate is provided with an upward-curved edge structure around it to prevent the gravel from rolling to the top of the gravel cover plate, improve the density and flatness of the gravel, and ensure the reliability of the device; (6) This invention is applicable to the control of relative displacement in six directions of three translations and three rotations between the main beam and the bridge tower, pier and abutment; (7) This invention can control the seismic response of the bridge, as well as the wind vibration and vehicle vibration response. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a bridge vibration damping device based on the energy dissipation of sand and gravel friction.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a bridge vibration damping device based on the energy dissipation of sand and gravel friction.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Gravel box, 2. Gravel box partition, 3. Friction column, 4. Friction rod, 5. Universal hinge, 6. Gravel, 7. Gravel cover plate. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the technical solutions and accompanying drawings.

[0020] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention proposes a bridge vibration reduction device based on gravel friction energy dissipation, which includes a gravel box 1, a gravel box diaphragm 2, a friction column 3, a friction rod 4, a universal hinge 5, gravel 6, and a gravel cover plate 7.

[0021] A bridge vibration damping device based on gravel friction energy dissipation includes a gravel box 1, gravel box diaphragms 2, friction columns 3, friction rods 4, universal hinges 5, gravel 6, and a gravel cover plate 7. The gravel box 1 is fixed to the bridge tower beam, pier, or abutment. Several vertical gravel box diaphragms 2 are set inside the gravel box 1. Several vertically set friction columns 3 and horizontally set friction rods 4 form a rigid frame and are placed inside the gravel box 1. The top of the friction columns 3 is connected to the main beam of the bridge through universal hinges 5 (to improve the stress on the main beam). The gravel box 1 is filled with gravel 6. A gravel cover plate 7 with an upward-curved edge structure is provided on the top surface of the gravel 6, which can pass through the friction columns 3. This can prevent the gravel from rolling to the top of the gravel cover plate, improve the density and flatness of the gravel, and ensure the friction energy dissipation effect. Under the influence of earthquakes, vehicle loads, and wind loads, when the main beam undergoes three translational and three rotational displacements relative to the bridge tower crossbeam, pier, or abutment, frictional force is generated between the friction column 3 and friction rod 4 and the gravel 6, consuming vibration energy.

[0022] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be considered as any limitation thereof. Any equivalent changes, modifications, or improvements made by those skilled in the art to the above embodiments when utilizing the technical solutions of the present invention should be considered as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bridge vibration damping device based on gravel friction energy dissipation, characterized in that, The bridge vibration damping device includes a gravel box (1), gravel box diaphragms (2), friction columns (3), friction rods (4), universal hinges (5), gravel (6), and a gravel cover plate (7). The gravel box (1) is fixed to the bridge tower beam, pier, or abutment. Several vertical gravel box diaphragms (2) are installed inside the gravel box (1). Several vertically installed friction columns (3) and horizontally installed friction rods (4) form a rigid frame connection system and are placed inside the gravel box (1). The top of the friction columns (3) is connected to the main beam of the bridge through universal hinges (5). The gravel box (1) is filled with gravel (6), and a gravel cover plate (7) that can pass through the friction columns (3) is provided on the top surface of the gravel (6). The lower end of the friction column (3) and the bottom surface of the friction rod (4) are made into a cone shape. The insertion depth of the friction column (3) is 0.3m-1.5m, and the lower end of the friction column (3) is 0.1m-0.2m away from the bottom plate of the gravel box (1). The gravel cover plate (7) is provided with an upward-curved edge structure around its perimeter to prevent gravel (6) from rolling onto the top of the gravel cover plate (7).

2. The bridge vibration damping device based on gravel friction energy dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length and width of the gravel box (1) are both 0.5m-5m, and the depth is 0.5m-2m.

3. The bridge vibration damping device based on gravel friction energy dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between adjacent gravel box partitions (2) is 0.2m-1m, and the contact area between the gravel box partition (2) and the gravel (6) is not less than 20% of the area of ​​the gravel box partition (2).

4. The bridge vibration damping device based on gravel friction energy dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The average particle size of the gravel (6) is 1cm-5cm.

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