Device and method for testing reliability of automatic gear shifting system of main shaft of numerical control machine tool

Abstract

The invention discloses a reliability test device and a reliability test method for an automatic gear shifting system of a main shaft of a numerical control machine tool, which overcome the problem that the actual working condition cannot be simulated in the prior art, the reliability test device for the automatic gear shifting system of the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool comprises an auxiliary system, a gear shifting system, a loading system and a data detection system, the auxiliary system is installed on the ground through horizontal iron of the auxiliary system, the gear shifting system is installed on a gear box body in the auxiliary system through a hydraulic cylinder and a gear shifting guide rod of the gear shifting system, and one end of a gear shifting fork in the gear shifting system is inserted into a groove in a duplex sliding gear in the auxiliary system. The loading system is mounted at the right end of the horizontal iron through a motor support of the loading system, a motor in the loading system is in key connection with the right end of the first gear shaft through a first coupler, and the loading system is in line connection with a console in the data detection system through the motor; the data detection system is installed on the hydraulic cylinder and on the right side of the horizontal iron. The invention further discloses a reliability test method for the numerical control machine tool spindle automatic gear shifting system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a testing device belonging to the field of CNC machine tool testing and experimentation technology. More specifically, this invention relates to a reliability loading test device and test method for an automatic gear shifting system of a CNC machine tool spindle. Background Technology

[0002] The CNC machine tool spindle is a crucial component of CNC machine tools, and its performance directly impacts the machining accuracy and efficiency. The automatic spindle shifting system is a technology that uses gear combinations to achieve different spindle speeds during machining. Compared to traditional manual shifting, the automatic spindle shifting system improves production efficiency, machining accuracy, and adaptability, while reducing manual intervention, providing strong support for the high efficiency, flexibility, and intelligence of modern manufacturing. Therefore, it has gained widespread application in modern industry.

[0003] CNC machine tools play a crucial role in modern manufacturing, enabling efficient, precise, and complex machining tasks. Automatic gear shifting is a common and critical operation in CNC machine tool work, and its reliability directly impacts production efficiency, product quality, and the overall operating costs of the equipment. Therefore, researching and developing reliability testing devices and methods for CNC machine tool spindle automatic gear shifting systems is of great significance.

[0004] Currently, there are few reliability tests conducted in my country on the automatic shifting of CNC machine tools. Only some partial load tests exist, lacking simulated loading capabilities and failing to test the reliability of the automatic shifting device under simulated actual working conditions. These are not true reliability tests of CNC machine tool spindle automatic shifting systems. Therefore, a reliability testing device for CNC machine tool spindle automatic shifting systems with simulated actual working condition loading was developed, and a complete reliability testing method for CNC machine tool spindle automatic shifting systems was proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problem that the current domestic CNC machine tool spindle automatic shifting system reliability testing devices and reliability testing methods cannot simulate actual working conditions, and to provide a CNC machine tool spindle automatic shifting system reliability testing device and testing method that can simulate actual working conditions.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is implemented using the following technical solution:

[0007] The reliability testing device for the automatic gear shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle includes an auxiliary system, a gear shifting system, a loading system, and a data detection system. The auxiliary system includes a ground level, a gearbox, a No. 2 coupling, a double sliding gear, a first gear shaft, a second gear shaft, and a gearbox top cover. The data detection system includes an operating table, a motor encoder, a No. 1 distance sensor, and a No. 2 distance sensor. The system comprises a distance sensor (No. 3), a proximity switch (No. 1), a proximity switch (No. 2), and a proximity switch (No. 3). The auxiliary system is mounted on the ground via a leveling plate. The shifting system is mounted on the gearbox via a hydraulic cylinder and a shift guide rod. One end of the shift fork in the shifting system is inserted into a groove on the double sliding gear for contact connection. The loading system is mounted on the leveling plate via a motor support located on the right side of the gearbox. The motor of the loading system is connected to the right end of the first gear shaft via a coupling (No. 1) using a key. The loading system is connected to the computer cable of the control console via the motor. Proximity switches (No. 1, 2, and 3) are mounted on the hydraulic cylinder of the shifting system. The control console is mounted on the right side of the leveling plate. Distance sensors (No. 1, 2, and 3) are fixed at corresponding positions on the top cover of the gearbox. The motor encoder is connected to the right end of the second gear shaft via coupling (No. 2), and the encoder's terminal is connected to the computer cable in the control console.

[0008] The auxiliary system described in the technical solution also includes a vibration loading table and a gearbox assembly; the vibration loading table is selected as an ES-2-230 electric vibration test bench; the gearbox assembly includes a gearbox, a bearing assembly with a No. 1 housing bore, a bearing assembly with a No. 2 housing bore, a third gear, a No. 1 pressure ring for the second gear shaft, a fourth gear, a No. 2 pressure ring for the second gear shaft, a No. 3 pressure ring for the second gear shaft, a No. 3 single-row tapered roller bearing, a double sliding gear, a pressure ring for the first gear shaft, a No. 4 single-row tapered roller bearing, a first gear shaft, a second gear shaft, and a gearbox top cover; wherein: the double sliding gear is composed of a first gear and a second gear; the first gear shaft is mounted on the No. 2 housing bore bearing assembly, the first gear shaft pressure ring, and the No. 4 single-row tapered roller bearing. The second gear shaft is installed in the first shaft hole on the right side wall and the first shaft hole on the left side of the gearbox via a bearing assembly of shaft hole No. 1 and a single-row tapered roller bearing of shaft hole No. 3. A double sliding gear is mounted on the first gear shaft, and the two are slidably connected. The second gear shaft pressure ring No. 3, pressure ring No. 2, fourth gear, pressure ring No. 1, and third gear are mounted on the second gear shaft from left to right, and the components are in contact with each other. The vibration loading table is installed on the left side of the top of the ground iron. The bottom end of the vibration loading table is connected to the ground iron via a sliding nut, and the top end of the vibration loading table is bolted to the bottom of the gearbox. The top end of the gearbox is bolted to the top cover of the gearbox.

[0009] The gearbox described in the technical solution is a rectangular box-type structure, welded from five steel plates. The depth of the gearbox is 8-13 cm greater than the diameter of the fourth gear. At the four corners of the top, there are four threaded holes aligned with the four through holes on the top cover. On the right side of the gearbox, from front to back, there are four through holes: the second shaft hole, the first shaft hole, the hydraulic cylinder hole, and the shift guide rod hole. On the left side of the gearbox, from front to back, there are one through hole: the second shaft hole, the first shaft hole, and the shift guide rod hole. The rotation of the second shaft hole on the right side and the second shaft hole on the left side... The axes of rotation of the first shaft hole on the right side and the first shaft hole on the left side are collinear and perpendicular to the right and left sides, and are used to install the second gear shaft. The axes of rotation of the first shaft hole on the right side and the first shaft hole on the left side are collinear and perpendicular to the right and left sides, and are used to install the first gear shaft. The axes of rotation of the first shaft hole on the right side and the first shaft hole on the left side are parallel to the axes of rotation of the second shaft hole on the right side and the second shaft hole on the left side, and are in the same horizontal plane. Two symmetrical threaded holes are provided around the first shaft hole on the right side. The axes of rotation of the shift guide rod hole on the right side and the shift guide rod hole on the left side are collinear and perpendicular to the right and left sides, and are used to install the shift guide rod. The rotation axes of the shift guide rod hole on the right and left sides of the gearbox are the same, and the rotation axes of the second shaft hole on the right and left sides are parallel and in the same horizontal plane. A hydraulic cylinder hole is provided between the first shaft hole and the shift guide rod hole on the right side of the gearbox. The rotation axis of the hydraulic cylinder hole is parallel and in the same horizontal plane as the rotation axis of the second shaft hole on the right side of the gearbox. This hydraulic cylinder hole is used to install a hydraulic cylinder. The diameter of the first shaft hole on the right side of the gearbox is the same as the diameter of the outer ring of the No. 2 single-row tapered roller bearing, and the diameter of the second shaft hole on the right side of the gearbox is the same as the diameter of the outer ring of the No. 1 single-row tapered roller bearing. The holes of the second shaft hole and the first shaft hole on the right side of the gearbox are... The distance is the sum of the meshing radii of the third gear shaft and the first or fourth gear shaft and the second gear. The height of the rotation axis of the first shaft hole on the right side of the gearbox from the inner wall of the gearbox bottom is 10-15 cm greater than the tooth tip circle radius of the fourth gear. The diameter of the hydraulic cylinder hole is equal to the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder. The distance of the rotation axis of the hydraulic cylinder hole from the inner wall of the gearbox bottom is equal to the height of the rotation axis of the first shaft hole on the right side of the gearbox from the inner wall of the gearbox bottom. An annular sealing ring groove with a rectangular cross-section is provided at the right end of the hydraulic cylinder hole. The size of the sealing ring groove is the same as the structural size of the sealing ring. The sealing ring adopts the standard GB / T3452.The model 1-1992 is a Buna-NO type annular sealing ring with a rectangular cross-section; the diameter of the small-diameter hole in the countersunk hole for installing the guide rod cover at the right end of the right gearbox wall shift guide rod hole is equal to the diameter of the shift guide rod; the rotation axis of the countersunk hole for installing the guide rod cover is on the same plane as the rotation axis of the hydraulic cylinder hole; the rotation axis of the countersunk hole for installing the guide rod cover is collinear with the rotation axis of the right gearbox wall shift guide rod hole; the horizontal distance between the hydraulic cylinder hole and the first shaft hole of the right gearbox wall is the sum of the radius of the shift fork and the radius of the bottom wall of the groove on the double sliding gear. A ring-shaped sealing ring groove with a rectangular cross-section is provided at the small-diameter shoulder of the countersunk hole in the mounting hole for the guide rod cover. The structural dimensions of this sealing ring groove are the same as those of the No. 1 O-ring seal. Around the sealing ring groove for mounting the No. 1 O-ring seal, four identical threaded holes are evenly arranged for bolting the guide rod cover. The rotation axis of the threaded holes is parallel to the rotation axis of the guide rod cover. The bottom wall of the gearbox housing has an equal number of aligned threaded holes for bolting and connecting to the vibration loading table.

[0010] The bearing assembly for the No. 1 gearbox bore described in the technical solution includes a second gear shaft rear cover, a No. 2 O-ring seal, a No. 2 coupling, a second gear shaft small cover, a type B internal skeleton oil seal, a No. 1 single-row tapered roller bearing, a No. 1 adjusting shim, a No. 4 pressure ring for the second gear shaft, and a reading shaft. The second gear shaft rear cover is installed in the second shaft hole on the right side wall of the gearbox and then fixedly connected to the right side wall of the gearbox using two hexagonal head screws. The No. 2 O-ring seal is placed in the sealing ring groove on the flange of the second gear shaft rear cover. One end of the No. 2 coupling is keyed to the right end of the reading shaft. The second gear shaft small cover is bolted to the center of the left side of the second gear shaft rear cover. The type B inner skeleton oil seal is placed in the sealing ring groove at the center of the left side of the rear cover of the second gear shaft; the left end face of the No. 1 single-row tapered roller bearing is in contact with the right end face of the No. 4 pressure ring of the second gear shaft, and the right end face of the No. 1 single-row tapered roller bearing is in contact with the left end face of the No. 1 adjusting shim; the right end face of the No. 1 adjusting shim is in contact with the left end face of the flange of the rear cover of the second gear shaft; the left end face of the No. 4 pressure ring of the second gear shaft is in contact with the right end face of the third gear hub, and the right end face of the No. 4 pressure ring of the second gear shaft is in contact with the left end face of the No. 1 single-row tapered roller bearing; the right end of the reading shaft is connected to the No. 2 coupling with a flat key, and the left end of the reading shaft is bolted to the right end of the second gear shaft.

[0011] The bearing assembly for the No. 2 gearbox bore described in the technical solution includes a radial oil seal, a first gear shaft rear cover, a No. 2 adjusting shim, a No. 2 single-row tapered roller bearing, a first gear shaft rear pressure ring, and a No. 3 O-ring. The first gear shaft rear pressure ring is bolted to the first shaft hole on the right side wall of the gearbox. The radial oil seal is installed in a radial oil seal groove on the first gear shaft rear pressure ring. The left end face of the radial oil seal contacts the first gear shaft rear pressure ring, and the right end face of the radial oil seal contacts the left end face of the first gear shaft rear cover. The first gear shaft rear cover and the first gear... The rear pressure rings of the gear shaft are connected by bolts; the left end face of the No. 2 adjusting shim is in contact with the right end face of the outer bearing ring of the No. 2 single-row tapered roller bearing, and the right end face of the No. 2 adjusting shim is in contact with the left end face of the flange of the rear pressure ring of the first gear shaft; the left end face of the inner bearing ring of the No. 2 single-row tapered roller bearing is in contact with the shoulder on the first gear shaft, and the right end of the outer bearing ring of the No. 2 single-row tapered roller bearing is in contact with the left end face of the No. 2 adjusting shim; the No. 3 O-ring seal is placed in the sealing ring groove provided on the flange of the rear pressure ring of the first gear shaft.

[0012] The shifting system described in the technical solution also includes a No. 1 O-ring seal, a shifting guide flange, a cylinder extension rod, a guide rod cover, a hydraulic cylinder O-ring seal, and an anti-loosening nut; the hydraulic cylinder is a CJT-type standard hydraulic cylinder with a proximity switch, model CJT35L; the No. 1 O-ring seal is a circular annular seal with a rectangular cross-section, model Buna-NO, conforming to standard GB / T3452.1-1992.

[0013] The shift guide flange is an extended guide type circular flange of model SSTHRL25-MB under standard GB / T9124.1—2019; the hydraulic cylinder O-ring is a circular annular seal of model Buna-N O type with a rectangular cross-section, standard GB / T3452.1-1992; the anti-loosening nut for fixing the shift fork is a nut of model FUN00SC, standard GB / T6172.2-2016; one end of the hydraulic cylinder is bolted to the opening of the hydraulic cylinder hole on the right wall of the gearbox, and the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is threaded to the right end of the cylinder extension rod; the shift fork is fitted onto the left end of the cylinder extension rod through its center hole and then fixed with an anti-loosening nut, the left side of the shift fork is in contact with the anti-loosening nut, and the right side of the shift fork is in contact with the shoulder of the cylinder extension rod; another through hole on the shift fork is used for fitting... The shift guide flange is mounted on the boss of the shift guide flange, which is then fitted onto the shift guide rod. The shift guide rod is installed in the shift guide rod holes on the right and left sides of the gearbox body. The right end of the shift guide rod is fixed with a guide rod cap, which is bolted to the opening of the shift guide rod hole on the right side of the gearbox body. The boss of the guide rod cap contacts the right end face of the shift guide rod. The hydraulic cylinder O-ring is installed in the sealing ring groove at the opening of the hydraulic cylinder hole on the gearbox body. The anti-loosening nut is fitted onto the threaded rod of the cylinder extension rod. The No. 1 O-ring is fitted into the sealing ring groove on the boss of the guide rod cap.

[0014] The loading system described in the technical solution also includes a sliding nut and a hexagonal socket nut; the motor is a Y80M1-2 model motor; the sliding nut is an APNBA-206-M10 sliding nut from FORRUN; the No. 1 coupling is a GL-26*35 plum blossom coupling; the hexagonal socket nut is an SCB3-14 nut conforming to GB / T70.1-2008 standard; the motor support is an L-shaped plate structure, consisting of a base and a vertical wall, with two through holes on the base, the diameter of which is the same as that of the sliding nut. The dimensions are equal; the upper part of the vertical wall of the motor support is provided with a through hole and 4 bolt holes. The size of the through hole is equal to the diameter of the motor boss. The 4 bolt holes are evenly distributed around the through hole. The 4 bolt holes are equal in size to the threaded holes on the motor and are aligned with each other. The left end of coupling 7 is connected to the first gear shaft by a flat key, and the right end is connected to the motor shaft by a flat key. The motor is bolted to the through hole on the upper part of the vertical wall of the motor support. The output shaft of the motor is keyed to the right end of coupling 1, and the left end of coupling 1 is keyed to the right end of the first gear shaft. The motor support is fixed to the ground iron by a sliding nut.

[0015] The motor encoder described in the technical solution is an ultra-miniature enhanced encoder of model RE16; the distance sensors 1, 2, and 3 are all laser distance sensors of model OM70-L0600.HV0500.EK; the control console also includes a monitor, mouse and keyboard, data acquisition card, programmable controller, and multi-pin connector; the computer is installed inside the cabinet at the bottom of the console, and the mouse, keyboard, monitor, programmable controller, and data acquisition card are connected to the computer with the data processing program installed; the mouse and keyboard are installed on the upper surface of the extended part of the console, and their wires are connected to the USB interface of the computer inside the console cabinet; the monitor is an LCD monitor, installed on the upper surface of the console, and connected to the computer's monitor interface via an HDMI cable; the data acquisition card is a SMACQ brand USB-5000 series data acquisition card, installed inside the computer, connected to the motherboard slot of the computer, and the signal channel acquisition interface of the data acquisition card is sequentially connected to distance sensors 1, 2, and 3. Distance sensor No. 3 is connected to the motor encoder to collect the positions of the first gear and the second gear and the rotational speed of the second gear shaft in the working state of the automatic gear shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle; The programmable controller is an Easy Modicon M200 series controllable programmable controller, model TM200CE32R, which is installed inside the computer and connected to the computer's USB interface with a wire. The aforementioned motor, vibration loading table, and hydraulic cylinder are all connected to the programmable controller.

[0016] The steps of the reliability test method for the automatic gear shifting system of CNC machine tool spindle are as follows:

[0017] 1) Determine the operating parameters of the automatic shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle under test.

[0018] Determine the vibration parameters of the vibration loading table, the motor speed, the piston neutral position, high speed position, and low speed position of the hydraulic cylinder during normal gear shifting of the CNC machine tool spindle automatic shifting system, and input them into the computer in the operating console;

[0019] (1) The parameters of the vibration loading table are determined according to the actual working conditions of the automatic shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle, and the parameters are set by the staff. The purpose is to simulate the vibration environment under the actual working conditions of the automatic shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle.

[0020] (2) The speed of the motor is determined by the nature of the automatic shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle, that is, the initial speed required by the first gear shaft of the automatic shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle, and the speed of the motor is set by the operator on the operating table;

[0021] (3) Neutral, high-speed, and low-speed positions of the piston in the hydraulic cylinder:

[0022] a. The neutral position is the position of the hydraulic cylinder piston when the double sliding gear is between the third and fourth gears;

[0023] b. The high-speed gear position is the position of the piston in the hydraulic cylinder when the third gear and the first gear are engaged;

[0024] c. The low gear position is the position corresponding to the piston of the hydraulic cylinder when the fourth gear and the second gear are engaged; the initial position is the neutral position.

[0025] 2) Install the automatic gear shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle and the reliability testing device for the gear shifting system.

[0026] (1) Insert the cylinder barrel of the hydraulic cylinder into the hydraulic cylinder hole from the outside of the right side wall of the gearbox, so that the end face of the cylinder barrel flange fits against the outer side of the right side wall of the gearbox; insert the internal hexagonal head screws into the four bolt holes of the cylinder barrel flange, screw them into the corresponding threaded holes on the right side wall of the gearbox and tighten them diagonally; put the No. 1 O-ring seal into the sealing ring groove between the cylinder barrel and the right side wall of the gearbox and press it firmly;

[0027] (2) Insert the left end shaft of the shift guide rod into the shift guide rod hole on the left side of the gearbox, and pass the right end through the guide hole on the upper part of the shift fork until the right end shaft is inserted into the shift guide rod hole on the right side of the gearbox. Install the guide rod cover on the right end of the shift guide rod on the outside of the right side of the gearbox. Insert bolts into the four bolt holes of the guide rod cover and screw them into the threaded holes of the gearbox and tighten them. Install the No. 1 O-ring seal in the sealing groove of the guide rod cover.

[0028] (3) Manually push the extension rod of the hydraulic cylinder and put the piston in the neutral, high speed and low speed positions respectively. Check whether the indicator lights of proximity switch No. 1, proximity switch No. 2 and proximity switch No. 3 light up in sequence. Check whether distance sensor No. 1, distance sensor No. 2 and distance sensor No. 3 correspond to the three positions.

[0029] 3) Set loading parameters

[0030] (1) Set the loading position parameters of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0031] Based on the hydraulic cylinder stroke and gear meshing position of the shifting system under test, input the neutral position parameters, high gear position parameters, and low gear position parameters into the computer software on the control panel 3. The software automatically generates the trigger thresholds for proximity switches 1, 2, and 3. Simulate the loading position during gear shifting: the computer controls the hydraulic cylinder solenoid directional valve to drive the piston to move, and the proximity switches detect the position of the piston magnetic ring and provide feedback signals. When the piston reaches the set position and the distance sensors 1, 2, and 3 confirm that the gear meshing backlash is within the system's judgment range, the gear shift is determined to be in place. If the proximity switches do not trigger or the backlash exceeds the tolerance after the piston moves, record the fault code and stop the test.

[0032] (2) Set motor parameters

[0033] Input the motor speed parameters corresponding to the tested gear shifting system into the operating console computer: calculate the speed tolerance and loading torque based on the high-speed gear speed (i.e., the transmission ratio of the third gear to the first gear) and the low-speed gear speed (i.e., the transmission ratio of the fourth gear to the second gear); simulate actual gear shifting loading: start the motor, drive the first gear shaft to rotate, and transmit torque to the double sliding gear through coupling No. 1; the hydraulic cylinder drives the piston to shift gears according to the position parameters set in the previous step; the motor encoder monitors the speed of the second gear shaft in real time; when the speed reaches the set value and the fluctuation is within the speed tolerance range, maintain the loading; if the speed continuously deviates from the tolerance or there is abnormal meshing, record the fault and terminate the test;

[0034] (3) Set the vibration parameters of the vibration loading table

[0035] Input the vibration parameters corresponding to the tested gear shifting system into the operating console computer: vibration frequency range, amplitude, vibration direction X / Y / Z three-axis synthesis, and set the vibration duration for each gear; simulate gear shifting vibration: start the vibration loading table and execute the gear shifting loading step 2) setting motor parameters under vibration conditions; if abnormal gear shifting noise, gear disengagement, or proximity switch signal loss occurs during vibration, record it as a gear shifting reliability failure under vibration conditions;

[0036] 4) Conduct a gear shifting reliability test.

[0037] Reliability tests were conducted on the automatic gear shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle. By modifying the meshing position of the gears, tests were performed on neutral to low gear, neutral to high gear, low gear to high gear, and high gear to low gear.

[0038] 5) Data Acquisition

[0039] The test parameters of the shifting system under actual operating conditions were collected, and the failure modes of the shifting system under actual loading conditions were recorded:

[0040] (1) The position of the hydraulic cylinder piston is collected by proximity switches No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3;

[0041] (2) The rotational speed of the second gear shaft is acquired by a motor encoder;

[0042] (3) The meshing position of the first gear and the second gear is collected by distance sensor No. 1, distance sensor No. 2 and distance sensor No. 3;

[0043] (4) If the piston does not trigger the proximity switch signal within 2 seconds, the speed deviation continues to exceed the set threshold, or the gear meshing clearance exceeds the set threshold, it is determined to be a shift failure, and the piston position, the speed of the second gear shaft, and the position of the first gear and the second gear at the time of the failure are automatically saved.

[0044] 6) Save and analyze experimental data

[0045] The computer software displays the test data and failure modes of the shifting system, analyzes the causes of failure, analyzes possible faults, records test data, and after each test, classifies, organizes and stores each set of test data, including test time, detection signal data, fault data, and failure modes, for easy analysis.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0047] 1. The CNC machine tool spindle automatic shifting system reliability testing device of the present invention can test and detect the reliability and shifting accuracy of the CNC machine tool spindle automatic shifting system. It is convenient to operate and test, and the test results are reliable. By conducting reliability tests on the CNC machine tool spindle automatic shifting system under simulated actual working conditions, product failures are exposed and stimulated, providing practical basic data for product reliability improvement and evaluation.

[0048] 2. The reliability testing device for the automatic gear shifting system of CNC machine tool spindle described in this invention uses motor torque loading to load the gearbox, thereby simulating the load experienced by the automatic gear shifting system of CNC machine tool spindle during actual machining.

[0049] 3. The hydraulic device described in this invention can be used in conjunction with a proximity switch to accurately determine the position of the piston in the hydraulic cylinder, thereby determining whether the position of the shift fork meets the requirements for shifting gears;

[0050] 4. The reliability testing device for the automatic gear shifting system of CNC machine tool spindle described in this invention uses three laser rangefinders, which can accurately determine the position of the gears, thereby determining whether the shifting requirements can be met;

[0051] 5. The reliability test method for the automatic gear shifting system of CNC machine tool spindles described in this invention is a complete reliability test method for automatic gear shifting systems of CNC machine tool spindles. This invention can simulate different actual working conditions of different gear shifting systems, and has flexibility;

[0052] 6. The reliability testing device for the automatic gear shifting system of CNC machine tool described in this invention can accurately measure the position of the hydraulic cylinder piston through a proximity switch, and determine whether the gear shifting requirements are met through the computer on the operating table. Attached Figure Description

[0053] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0054] Figure 1 This is a front view of the structural composition of the reliability testing device for the CNC machine tool spindle automatic shifting system described in this invention;

[0055] Figure 2 This is an isometric projection view of the structure of the CNC machine tool spindle automatic shifting system reliability testing device after removing the top cover of the gearbox body, as described in this invention.

[0056] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A partial sectional view of the gearbox at point AA in the reliability test device for the automatic gear shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle described in this invention;

[0057] Figure 4 This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the bearing assembly in the No. 1 housing bore of the CNC machine tool spindle automatic shifting system reliability testing device described in this invention.

[0058] Figure 5 This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the bearing assembly in the No. 2 housing bore of the CNC machine tool spindle automatic shifting system reliability testing device described in this invention;

[0059] Figure 6 This is an enlarged sectional view of the double sliding gear in the reliability testing device for the automatic gear shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle described in this invention.

[0060] Figure 7 This is an isometric projection view of the vibration loading table used in the reliability testing device for the automatic gear shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle described in this invention.

[0061] Figure 8 for Figure 1 A partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the hydraulic cylinder at point AA in the reliability test device for the automatic gear shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle described in this invention;

[0062] Figure 9This is an isometric projection view of the motor used in the reliability testing device for the automatic gear shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle described in this invention.

[0063] Figure 10 This is an isometric projection view of the hydraulic cylinder structure used in the reliability testing device for the automatic gear shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle described in this invention.

[0064] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of a reliability test method for an automatic gear shifting system of a CNC machine tool using the reliability test device for the automatic gear shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle described in this invention.

[0065] In the diagram: 1. Vibration loading table, 2. Motor, 3. Control panel, 4. Ground level, 5. Sliding nut, 6. Motor encoder, 7. Coupling No. 1, 8. Hydraulic cylinder, 801.1 proximity switch, 802.2 proximity switch, 803.3 proximity switch, 901.1 distance sensor, 902.2 distance sensor, 903.3 distance sensor, 10.1 O-ring seal, 11. Motor support, 12. Gearbox housing, 1201. Second shaft hole on the right side of the gearbox, 1202. First shaft hole on the right side of the gearbox, 1203... 1204. Hydraulic cylinder bore; 1205. Right gearbox wall shift guide rod bore; 1206. Left gearbox wall second shaft bore; 1207. Left gearbox wall first shaft bore; 13.1 gearbox bore bearing assembly; 1301. Second gear shaft rear cover; 1302. No. 2 O-ring seal; 1303. No. 2 coupling; 1304. Second gear shaft small cover; 1305. Type B internal skeleton oil seal; 1306. No. 1 single-row tapered roller bearing; 1307. No. 1 adjusting shim; 1308. Second gear shaft No. 4 pressure ring; 13 09. Reading shaft; 14.2 housing bore bearing assembly; 1401. Radial oil seal; 1402. First gear shaft rear cover; 1403. Adjusting shim No. 2; 1404. Single-row tapered roller bearing No. 2; 1405. First gear shaft rear pressure ring; 1406. No. 3 O-ring seal; 15. Third gear; 16. Second gear shaft No. 1 pressure ring; 17. Fourth gear; 18. Second gear shaft No. 2 pressure ring; 19. Second gear shaft No. 3 pressure ring; 20. No. 3 single-row tapered roller bearing; 21. Double sliding gear; 2101. First... Gear, 2102. Second gear, 22. First gear shaft pressure ring, 23. No. 4 single-row tapered roller bearing, 24. First gear shaft, 25. Second gear shaft, 2501. Right support journal side hole, 2502. Right support journal No. 1 threaded hole, 2503. Right support journal No. 2 threaded hole, 26. Shift fork, 27. Shift guide flange, 28. Shift guide rod, 29. Hydraulic cylinder extension rod, 30. Guide rod cover, 31. Gearbox top cover, 32. Hydraulic cylinder O-ring seal, 33. Anti-loosening nut, 34. Socket head cap nut. Detailed Implementation

[0066] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0067] The reliability testing device for the automatic shifting system of CNC machine tool spindle described in this invention simulates the working conditions of the automatic shifting system of CNC machine tool spindle in actual operation. Under load, it obtains the reliability accuracy and reliability data of the automatic shifting system of CNC machine tool spindle, overcoming the problem that current equipment cannot accurately simulate actual working conditions. At the same time, this invention also provides a complete reliability testing method for the automatic shifting system of CNC machine tool spindle.

[0068] See Figure 1 The reliability testing device for the automatic gear shifting system of CNC machine tool spindle described in this invention includes an auxiliary system, a gear shifting system, a loading system, and a data detection system.

[0069] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 The auxiliary system includes a vibration loading table 1, a ground level 4, and a gearbox 12 assembly.

[0070] See Figure 2 The ground leveling iron 4 is a rectangular plate casting. The top of the ground leveling iron 4 is provided with parallel T-shaped grooves with the same structure running through it. The width and height of the bottom groove of the T-shaped groove are the same as the width and height of the sliding nut 5. The width of the bottom groove of the T-shaped groove is 1-2 cm greater than the width of the sliding nut 5. The depth of the T-shaped groove is 1 / 2 of the thickness of the ground leveling iron 4. The spacing of the T-shaped grooves is 4 times the thickness of the plate. The ground leveling iron 4 is placed on the foundation.

[0071] See Figure 1 The vibration loading table 1 mentioned above adopts the Dongling electric vibration test bench series, specifically the ES-2-230 model. This series of test benches has a wide loading frequency range, excellent performance, and high reliability. It can realistically simulate the vibration environment actually used by the automatic shifting system of CNC machine tool spindles, improve the over- and under-testing degree of complex specimens, and significantly shorten the test time. It can perform vibration loading reliability tests on the tested automatic shifting system of spindles under simulated working conditions.

[0072] See Figure 1 The bottom of the vibration loading table 1 is fixedly connected to the ground iron 4 by bolts and sliding nuts 5, and its top end is bolted to the bottom end of the gearbox 12 in the gearbox assembly.

[0073] See Figures 1 to 3The gearbox assembly includes a gearbox body 12, a bearing assembly 13 for a housing bore 1, a bearing assembly 14 for a housing bore 2, a third gear 15, a pressure ring 16 for a second gear shaft 1, a fourth gear 17, a pressure ring 18 for a second gear shaft 2, a pressure ring 19 for a second gear shaft 3, a single-row tapered roller bearing 20, a double sliding gear 21, a pressure ring 22 for a first gear shaft 23, a single-row tapered roller bearing 23, a first gear shaft 24, a second gear shaft 25, and a gearbox top cover 31; wherein the double sliding gear 21 is composed of a first gear 2101 and a second gear 2102.

[0074] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 8 The gearbox 12 is a rectangular box-type structure made of five welded steel plates. The depth of the gearbox is 8-13 cm greater than the diameter of the fourth gear 17. Four threaded holes are provided at the four corners of the top, aligned with the four through holes on the top cover 31. The gearbox 12 is connected to the top cover 31 using four hexagon socket head cap screws. On the right wall of the gearbox 12, from front to back, there are four through holes: the second shaft hole 1201, the first shaft hole 1202, the hydraulic cylinder hole 1203, and the shift guide rod hole 1204. On the left wall of the gearbox 12, from front to back, there are three through holes: the second shaft hole 1205, the first shaft hole 1206, and the shift guide rod hole 1207.

[0075] The rotation axes of the second shaft hole 1201 on the right box wall and the second shaft hole 1205 on the left box wall are collinear and perpendicular to the right box wall and the left box wall, and are used to install the second gear shaft 25;

[0076] The rotation axes of the first shaft hole 1202 on the right housing wall and the first shaft hole 1206 on the left housing wall are collinear and perpendicular to the right and left housing walls, and are used to install the first gear shaft 24. The rotation axes of the first shaft hole 1202 on the right housing wall and the first shaft hole 1206 on the left housing wall are the same as and parallel to the rotation axes of the second shaft hole 1201 on the right housing wall and the second shaft hole 1205 on the left housing wall, and are in the same horizontal plane. Two symmetrical threaded holes are provided around the first shaft hole 1202 on the right housing wall.

[0077] The rotation axes of the shift guide rod hole 1204 on the right side of the gearbox and the shift guide rod hole 1207 on the left side of the gearbox are collinear and perpendicular to the right and left sides of the gearbox. The shift guide rod hole 1204 on the right side of the gearbox and the shift guide rod hole 1207 on the left side of the gearbox are used to install the shift guide rod 28. The rotation axes of the shift guide rod hole 1204 on the right side of the gearbox and the shift guide rod hole 1207 on the left side of the gearbox are parallel to the rotation axes of the second shaft hole 1201 on the right side of the gearbox and the second shaft hole 1205 on the left side of the gearbox and are in the same horizontal plane.

[0078] A hydraulic cylinder hole 1203 is provided between the first shaft hole 1202 on the right box wall and the shift guide rod hole 1204 on the right box wall. The rotation axis of the hydraulic cylinder hole 1203 is parallel to the rotation axis of the second shaft hole 1201 on the right box wall and is in the same horizontal plane. The hydraulic cylinder hole 1203 is used to install the hydraulic cylinder 8.

[0079] The diameter of the first shaft hole 1202 on the right side of the gearbox is the same as the diameter of the outer ring of the No. 2 single-row tapered roller bearing 1404. The diameter of the second shaft hole 1201 on the right side of the gearbox is the same as the diameter of the outer ring of the No. 1 single-row tapered roller bearing 1306. The distance between the second shaft hole 1201 and the first shaft hole 1202 on the right side of the gearbox is the sum of the meshing radii of the third gear shaft 15 and the first gear 2101 or the fourth gear shaft 17 and the second gear 2102. The height of the rotation axis of the first shaft hole 1202 on the right side of the gearbox from the inner wall of the bottom of the gearbox body 12 is greater than the tooth tip circle radius of the fourth gear 17 by 10 to 15 cm.

[0080] The diameter of the hydraulic cylinder bore 1203 is equal to the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder 8. The distance between the rotation axis of the hydraulic cylinder bore 1203 and the inner wall of the bottom of the gearbox 12 is equal to the height of the rotation axis of the first shaft hole 1202 on the right side of the gearbox 12 from the inner wall of the bottom of the gearbox 12. An annular sealing ring groove with a rectangular cross-section is provided at the right end of the hydraulic cylinder bore 1203. The size of the sealing ring groove is the same as the structural size of the sealing ring 32. The sealing ring 32 adopts a circular annular sealing ring with a rectangular cross-section of type Buna-NO, which conforms to the standard GB / T3452.1-1992.

[0081] The right end of the right side of the shift guide rod hole 1204 is provided with a countersunk hole for installing the guide rod cover 30. The diameter of the small-diameter hole is equal to the diameter of the shift guide rod 28. The rotation axis of the countersunk hole for installing the guide rod cover 30 is on the same plane as the rotation axis of the hydraulic cylinder hole 1203. The rotation axis of the countersunk hole for installing the guide rod cover 30 is collinear with the rotation axis of the right side of the shift guide rod hole 1204. The horizontal distance between the hydraulic cylinder hole 1203 and the first shaft hole 1202 on the right side of the box wall is equal to the radius of the shift fork 26 and the radius of the bottom wall of the groove on the double sliding gear 21. A ring-shaped sealing ring groove with a rectangular cross-section is provided at the small-diameter shoulder of the countersunk hole in the mounting guide rod cover 30. The structural dimensions of the sealing ring groove are the same as those of the No. 1 O-ring seal 10. Four identical threaded holes for fixing the guide rod cover 30 with bolts are evenly provided around the sealing ring groove for mounting the No. 1 O-ring seal 10. The rotation axis of the threaded holes is parallel to the rotation axis of the guide rod cover 30. The bottom wall of the gearbox 12 is provided with an equal number of threaded holes that are aligned for connecting with the vibration loading table 1 using bolts.

[0082] See Figure 1The gearbox top cover 31 is a rectangular steel plate structure, and its size and shape are the same as the size and shape of the top of the gearbox 12. Bolt through holes of the same size are provided at the four corners of the gearbox top cover 31 and at the corresponding positions of the threaded holes at the top of the gearbox 12.

[0083] See Figure 1 The bottom of the gearbox 12 is threadedly connected to the vibration loading table 1, and the top of the gearbox 12 is threadedly connected to the gearbox top cover 31.

[0084] See Figure 3 and 5 The first gear shaft 24 is provided with a spline groove and is a stepped shaft, consisting of a left support journal, a splined shaft section, and a right support journal from left to right. It has locating shoulders on both sides, and its shaft diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the inner ring of the No. 4 single-row tapered roller bearing 23. In this embodiment, the left support journal has a diameter of 110mm and a length of 130mm. The middle splined shaft section has a diameter of 120mm and a length of 1076mm, used to limit the axial movement range of the double sliding gear 21. The right support journal has the same diameter as the left support journal and a length of 300mm. A standard flat keyway is provided at the right support journal, with a keyway width of 28mm, a length of 70mm, and a depth of 8mm.

[0085] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 The second gear shaft 25 is provided with a spline groove and is a stepped shaft, consisting of a left support journal, a splined shaft section, and a right support journal from left to right. It has positioning shoulders on both sides, and its shaft diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the inner ring of the No. 3 single-row tapered roller bearing 20. In this embodiment, the left support journal has a diameter of 120mm and a length of 160mm. The middle splined shaft section has a diameter of 152mm and a length of 1019mm. The right support journal has a diameter of 120mm and a length of 125mm. A right support journal side hole 2501 is provided at the center of the right side, with dimensions equal to those of the reading shaft 1309. Right support journal threaded holes 2502 (No. 1) and 2503 (No. 2) are provided on symmetrical sides of the hole to fix the reading shaft 1309.

[0086] The second gear shaft 25 is installed in the second shaft hole 1205 on the left side of the gearbox 12 and the second shaft hole 1201 on the right side of the gearbox 12;

[0087] See Figure 4 The bearing assembly 13 of the No. 1 housing bore includes a second gear shaft rear cover 1301, a No. 2 O-ring seal 1302, a No. 2 coupling 1303, a second gear shaft small cover 1304, a type B inner skeleton oil seal 1305, a No. 1 single-row tapered roller bearing 1306, a No. 1 adjusting shim 1307, a No. 4 pressure ring 1308 of the second gear shaft, and a reading shaft 1309.

[0088] See Figure 4 The second gear shaft rear cover 1301 for sealing the gearbox is a flanged bearing cover with a circular through hole in the center, the size of which is the same as that of the No. 2 coupling 1303. Threaded holes corresponding to the gearbox body 12 are provided on both sides of the outer surface, their position, number, and size being equal to those of the gearbox body 12. The interior of the second gear shaft rear cover 1301 has an annular sealing ring groove with a rectangular cross-section. The groove is machined according to the sealing ring groove size matching the B-type inner skeleton oil seal 1305. Two identical threaded holes are symmetrically provided above and below the sealing ring groove. An annular sealing ring groove with an isosceles trapezoidal cross-section is provided on the outer wall of the flange. The sealing ring groove is machined according to the sealing ring groove size matching the annular No. 2 O-ring 1302 with a rectangular cross-section and model number Buna-NO, as specified in standard GB / T3452.1-1992.

[0089] See Figure 4 The No. 2 O-ring 1302 used to seal the gearbox body 12 adopts an oil-resistant type of circular annular rubber sealing ring with a rectangular cross-section, with the standard GB / T3452.1-1992, and the specification is Buna-N O-ring.

[0090] See Figure 4 The No. 2 coupling 1303 is a flange coupling of model GY according to GB / T 12458-2017;

[0091] See Figure 4 The second gear shaft cover 1304 used to fix the B-type inner skeleton oil seal 1305 is a disc-shaped part with a through hole in the middle. The size of the through hole is equal to that of the No. 2 coupling 1303. Two bolt through holes are provided on the second gear shaft cover 1304. These two bolt through holes are aligned with the two threaded through holes above and below the sealing ring groove on the left center of the second gear shaft rear cover 1301.

[0092] See Figure 4 The type B inner skeleton oil seal 1305 used to seal the gearbox body 12 adopts the standard GB / T13871.1-2007, which is a circular oil-resistant sealing ring with a rectangular cross-section and is a Buna-NO type sealing ring.

[0093] See Figure 4 The No. 1 single-row tapered roller bearing 1306 is a bearing with model number 32016 conforming to standard GB / T 32324-2015;

[0094] See Figure 4The No. 1 adjusting shim 1307 used to adjust the bearing position is a plate-type circular annular structure. Its outer diameter is the same as that of the No. 1 single-row tapered roller bearing 1306, and its inner diameter is the same as that of the flange of the second gear shaft rear cover 1301.

[0095] See Figure 4 The second gear shaft pressure ring 4 1308 used to fix the No. 1 single-row tapered roller bearing 1306 is a circular ring structure. The inside of the ring is set with a stepped through hole. The inner ring diameter is equal to the inner ring size of the No. 1 single-row tapered roller bearing 1306, the middle ring diameter is equal to the diameter of the second gear shaft 25, the outer ring size is 3-5cm larger than the middle ring size, the length of the pressure ring is 5-8cm, and the length of the step is 2-5cm.

[0096] See Figure 4 The second gear shaft 25 is provided with a right support journal side hole 2501 for mounting a reading shaft 1309 for transmitting torque at one end. The reading shaft 1309 is a cylindrical stepped shaft. The diameter of the first section is the same as the diameter of the right support journal side hole 2501 of the second gear shaft 25, and the length is 1-3 cm shorter than the depth of the hole. The diameter of the second section is 10-15 cm larger than the diameter of the first section. Threaded holes are provided at positions corresponding to the right support journal threaded holes 2502 and 2503 of the second gear shaft 25, with a length of 10-15 cm. The diameter of the third section is the same as the diameter of the hole in the rear cover 1301 of the second gear shaft, and the length is 5-8 cm longer than the thickness of the rear cover 1301 of the second gear shaft.

[0097] See Figure 4The second gear shaft rear cover 1301 is installed in the second shaft hole 1201 on the right side wall of the gearbox 12, and then connected to the right side wall of the gearbox 12 by two hexagon socket head cap screws; a No. 2 O-ring seal 1302 is placed in the sealing ring groove on the flange of the second gear shaft rear cover 1301; one end of the No. 2 coupling 1303 is connected to the right end of the reading shaft 1309 by a key, and the other end is connected to the motor encoder 6 by a key; the second gear shaft small cover 1304 is bolted to the left center of the second gear shaft rear cover 1301; the B-type inner skeleton oil seal 1305 is placed in the sealing ring groove at the left center of the second gear shaft rear cover 1301; a No. 1 single-row tapered roller bearing 1 The left end face of 306 contacts and connects with the right end face of the No. 4 pressure ring 1308 of the second gear shaft; the right end face of the No. 1 single-row tapered roller bearing 1306 contacts and connects with the left end face of the No. 1 adjusting shim 1307; the right end face of the No. 1 adjusting shim 1307 contacts and connects with the left end face of the flange of the rear cover 1301 of the second gear shaft; the left end face of the No. 4 pressure ring 1308 of the second gear shaft contacts and connects with the right end face of the hub of the third gear 15; the right end face of the No. 4 pressure ring 1308 of the second gear shaft contacts and connects with the left end face of the No. 1 single-row tapered roller bearing 1306; the right end of the reading shaft 1309 is keyed to the No. 2 coupling 1303; the left end of the reading shaft 1309 is bolted to the right end of the second gear shaft 25.

[0098] See Figure 5 The No. 2 housing bore bearing assembly 14 includes a radial oil seal 1401, a first gear shaft rear cover 1402, a No. 2 adjusting shim 1403, a No. 2 single-row tapered roller bearing 1404, a first gear shaft rear pressure ring 1405, and a No. 3 O-ring seal 1406.

[0099] See Figure 5 The radial oil seal 1401 used to seal the gearbox body 12 adopts a high-speed rotating shaft seal of model AS007.

[0100] See Figure 5 The first gear shaft rear cover 1402 of the fixed radial oil seal 1401 is an annular part with a through hole in the center. The size of the through hole is the same as the diameter of the right support journal of the first gear shaft 24. Two symmetrical bolt through holes are provided on the first gear shaft rear cover 1402.

[0101] See Figure 5 The No. 2 adjusting shim 1403 used to adjust the position of the No. 2 single-row tapered roller bearing 1404 is an annular plate-like part. The outer diameter of the No. 2 adjusting shim 1403 is the same as the outer diameter of the No. 2 single-row tapered roller bearing 1404, and the inner diameter of the No. 2 adjusting shim 1403 is the same as the inner diameter of the flange of the first gear shaft rear pressure ring 1405.

[0102] See Figure 5 The No. 2 single-row tapered roller bearing 1404 is a bearing with model number 32016 in standard GB / T 2322.1-2015;

[0103] See Figure 3 and 5 The enclosed gearbox 12 has a bearing cover with a circular flange at the center of the first gear shaft rear pressure ring 1405. A circular through hole is located at the center of the first gear shaft rear pressure ring 1405, the size of which is 1-3 cm larger than the diameter of the right support journal of the first gear shaft 24. A rectangular sealing ring groove is provided on the wall of the circular through hole, the dimensions of which are machined according to the dimensions of the radial oil seal 1401. Around the circular through hole, corresponding to the threaded holes on the first shaft hole 1202 on the right side of the gearbox 12, there are an equal number and size of bolt through holes. A circular sealing ring groove with an isosceles trapezoidal cross-section is provided on the outer wall of the flange, the dimensions of which conform to standard GB / T. The sealing ring groove size processing for the No. 3 O-ring 1406 under 3452.1-1992 is as follows: a circular groove is provided on the right side wall of the first gear shaft rear pressure ring 1405, the size of which is equal to that of the first gear shaft rear cover 1402. The first gear shaft rear pressure ring 1405 is also provided with bolt holes corresponding to the threaded holes on the first shaft hole 1202 on the right side wall of the gearbox 12.

[0104] See Figure 5 The No. 3 O-ring 1406 used for sealing the gearbox body 12 adopts a circular annular sealing ring with a cross-section of 40x3.55 and uniform cross-section, which conforms to the standard GB / T3452.1-1992.

[0105] See Figure 5The first gear shaft rear pressure ring 1405 is bolted to the gearbox body 12; the radial oil seal 1401 is installed in the radial oil seal groove provided on the first gear shaft rear pressure ring 1405, the left end face of the radial oil seal 1401 contacts the first gear shaft rear pressure ring 1405, and the right end face of the radial oil seal 1401 contacts the left end face of the first gear shaft rear cover 1402; the first gear shaft rear cover 1402 and the first gear shaft rear pressure ring 1405 are bolted together; the left end face of the second adjusting shim 1403 is connected to the second single-row tapered roller bearing. The right end face of the outer bearing ring 1404 is in contact with the left end face of the flange of the rear pressure ring 1405 of the first gear shaft; the left end face of the inner bearing ring of the second single-row tapered roller bearing 1404 is in contact with the right end face of the spline shaft section on the first gear shaft 24; the right end of the outer bearing ring of the second single-row tapered roller bearing 1404 is in contact with the left end face of the adjusting shim 1403; the third O-ring seal 1406 is placed in the sealing ring groove provided on the flange of the rear pressure ring 1405 of the first gear shaft.

[0106] See Figure 3 The second gear shaft pressure ring 16 is a cylindrical part with an inner diameter equal to that of the second gear shaft 25 and an outer diameter equal to that of the bosses at both ends of the center of the third gear 15 and the fourth gear 17. The length of the second gear shaft pressure ring 16 is 5 to 8 cm longer than the length of the double sliding gear 21, so as to fix the position of the third gear 15 and the fourth gear 17.

[0107] The second gear shaft No. 1 pressure ring 16 is fitted on the second gear shaft 25, with its left end in contact with the fourth gear 17 and its right end in contact with the third gear 15; the second gear shaft No. 2 pressure ring 18 is fitted on the second gear shaft 25, with one end in contact with the second gear shaft No. 3 pressure ring 19 and the other end in contact with the fourth gear 17.

[0108] See Figure 3 The inner and outer diameters of the second gear shaft pressure ring 18 are the same as those of the second gear shaft pressure ring 16, but the length is less than that of the second gear shaft pressure ring 16, so as to fix the fourth gear 17.

[0109] The second gear shaft pressure ring 19, which is used to fix the No. 3 single-row tapered roller bearing 20, is sleeved on the second gear shaft 25. Its left end is in contact with the right end of the inner ring of the No. 3 single-row tapered roller bearing 20, and its right end is in contact with the left end of the second gear shaft pressure ring 18.

[0110] The second gear shaft pressure ring 19 is circular in shape, with stepped circular holes inside. The diameter of the small hole is equal to the inner diameter of the single-row tapered roller bearing 20, and the diameter of the large hole is equal to the inner diameter of the second gear shaft pressure ring 18. The outer diameter of the second gear shaft pressure ring 19 is equal to the outer diameter of the second gear shaft pressure ring 18, and the length of the second gear shaft pressure ring 19 is 5-8 cm.

[0111] The No. 3 single-row tapered roller bearing 20 is mounted on the second gear shaft 25. The left end of the No. 3 single-row tapered roller bearing 20 is in contact with the annular surface inside the second shaft hole 1205 on the left side of the gearbox 12. The right end of the No. 3 single-row tapered roller bearing 20 is in contact with the left end face of the No. 3 pressure ring 19 on the second gear shaft.

[0112] The No. 3 single-row tapered roller bearing 20 adopts the bearing model 32016 in the standard GB / T 32322.1-2015;

[0113] See Figure 3 The No. 3 single-row tapered roller bearing 20 is fitted at the left end shoulder of the second gear shaft 25. The left end of the outer ring of the No. 3 single-row tapered roller bearing 20 is in contact with the annular surface in the second shaft hole of the left box wall on the gearbox 12. The right end face of the inner ring of the No. 3 single-row tapered roller bearing 20 is in contact with the left end face of the No. 3 pressure ring 19 of the second gear shaft.

[0114] See Figure 6 The double sliding gear 21 is provided with a groove, the width of which is equal to the thickness of the shift fork 26. The double sliding gear 21 is formed by aligning the shaft holes of the two gears and then using a riveting machine to rivet the two gears together. The length of the double sliding gear 21 is 5-8 cm shorter than the length of the second gear shaft No. 1 pressure ring 16.

[0115] The double sliding gear 21 is sleeved on the first gear shaft 24, and the double sliding gear 21 is in contact with the shift fork 26;

[0116] The first gear shaft pressure ring 22 is a circular ring. The inner diameter of the first gear shaft pressure ring 22 is equal to the diameter of the left support journal of the first gear shaft 24. The outer diameter of the first gear shaft pressure ring 22 is 3-5 cm larger than the inner diameter of the No. 4 single-row tapered roller bearing 23.

[0117] See Figure 3 The first gear shaft pressure ring 22 used to fix the No. 4 single-row tapered roller bearing 23 is sleeved on the left support journal of the first gear shaft 24. The left end face of the first gear shaft pressure ring 22 is in contact with the right end face of the inner ring of the No. 4 single-row tapered roller bearing 23, and the right end face of the first gear shaft pressure ring 22 is in contact with the left end shoulder on the first gear shaft 24.

[0118] The No. 4 single-row tapered roller bearing 23 adopts the 32016 bearing with standard GB / T 32322.1-2015;

[0119] The No. 4 single-row tapered roller bearing 23 is fitted on the left support shaft section of the first gear shaft 24. Its left end is in contact with the annular surface in the first shaft hole 1206 on the left side of the gearbox 12. The right end face of the inner ring of the No. 4 single-row tapered roller bearing 23 is in contact with the left end face of the first gear shaft pressure ring 22.

[0120] See Figure 3 The third gear 15 and the fourth gear 17 are fitted onto the second gear shaft 25 and are fixedly connected to the second gear shaft 25 by splines, respectively.

[0121] The third gear 15 is an involute cylindrical spur gear according to GB / T 10095, and the inner hole of the third gear 15 is machined with a rectangular spline with a standard size of 6x28x32x6.

[0122] The fourth gear 17 is an involute cylindrical spur gear according to GB / T 10095, and the inner hole of the fourth gear 17 is machined with a rectangular spline with a standard size of 6x28x32x6.

[0123] See Figure 3 The second gear shaft pressure ring 18 is a circular ring. The inner diameter of the second gear shaft pressure ring 18 is equal to the diameter of the spline shaft section of the second gear shaft 25. The outer diameter of the second gear shaft pressure ring 18 is 3-5 cm larger than the inner diameter of the second gear shaft pressure ring 19.

[0124] See Figure 3 The second gear shaft pressure ring 18 used to fix the fourth gear 17 is sleeved on the spline shaft section at the left end of the second gear shaft 25. The left end face of the second gear shaft pressure ring 18 is in contact with the right end face of the second gear shaft pressure ring 19, and the right end face of the second gear shaft pressure ring 18 is in contact with the left end face at the center of the fourth gear 17.

[0125] The second gear shaft No. 1 pressure ring 16, which is used to fix the fourth gear 17 and the third gear 15, is sleeved on the spline shaft section of the second gear shaft 25. The left end face of the second gear shaft No. 1 pressure ring 16 is in contact with the right end face at the center of the fourth gear 17, and the right end face of the second gear shaft No. 1 pressure ring 16 is in contact with the left end face at the center of the third gear 15.

[0126] See Figure 3 and Figure 4The second gear shaft pressure ring 1308, used to fix the third gear 15 and the No. 1 single-row tapered roller bearing 1306, is sleeved on the right support journal of the second gear shaft 25. The left end face of the second gear shaft pressure ring 1308 is in contact with the right end face at the center of the third gear 15, and the right end face of the second gear shaft pressure ring 1308 is in contact with the left end face of the inner ring of the No. 1 single-row tapered roller bearing 1306.

[0127] See Figure 3 and Figure 6 The first gear shaft 24 and the second gear shaft 25 are arranged in parallel within the gearbox 12, and the center lines of the two shafts are on the same horizontal plane. The distance between the two shafts is the sum of the meshing radii of the third gear 15 and the first gear 2101. The third gear 15 and the fourth gear 17 are mounted on the second gear shaft 25. The first gear shaft 24 is equipped with a double sliding gear 21. The double sliding gear 21 is provided with a first gear 2101 that meshes with the third gear 15 and a second gear 2102 that meshes with the fourth gear 17. The first gear shaft 24 and the second gear shaft 25 are provided with splines for transmitting torque. The spline on the first gear shaft 24 enables the torque transmitted from the motor 2 to the first gear shaft 24 to be transmitted to the double sliding gear 21. Then, the torque is transmitted through the meshing of the third gear 15 with the first gear 2101 or the meshing of the fourth gear 17 with the second gear 2102. The spline on the second gear shaft 25 enables the torque transmitted from the double sliding gear 21 to the third gear 15 or the fourth gear 17 to be transmitted to the second gear shaft 25, thereby enabling the rotational speed of the second gear shaft 25 to meet the requirements for gear shifting.

[0128] See Figure 1 The ground level 4 is placed on the ground; the vibration loading table 1 is installed on the left side of the top of the ground level 4, and the bottom of the vibration loading table 1 is connected to the ground level 4 through a sliding nut. The top of the vibration loading table 1 is bolted to the bottom of the gearbox 12 in the gearbox assembly; the top of the gearbox 12 is bolted to the top cover 31 of the gearbox.

[0129] See Figure 3 and Figure 4The first gear shaft 24 is installed in the first shaft hole 1202 on the right side wall and the first shaft hole 1206 on the left side wall of the gearbox 12 via the bearing assembly 14 of the No. 2 housing hole, the first gear shaft pressure ring 22, and the No. 4 single-row tapered roller bearing 23. The second gear shaft 25 is installed in the second shaft hole 1201 on the right side wall and the second shaft hole 1205 on the left side wall of the gearbox 12 via the bearing assembly 13 of the No. 1 housing hole and the No. 3 single-row tapered roller bearing 20. The third gear 15 is fitted into the second... On gear shaft 25, the right side is in contact with pressure ring 1308 of the second gear shaft 4, and the left side is in contact with pressure ring 16 of the second gear shaft 1; the fourth gear 17 is mounted on the second gear shaft 25, with the right side in contact with pressure ring 16 of the second gear shaft 1, and the left side in contact with pressure ring 18 of the second gear shaft 2; the double sliding gear 21 is mounted on the first gear shaft 24, and the double sliding gear 21 moves through the shift fork 26 to mesh with the third gear 15 or the fourth gear 17 to perform gear shifting;

[0130] See Figure 4 The bearing assembly 13 of the No. 1 housing hole is connected to the motor encoder 6 via the reading shaft 1309, bolted to the gearbox 12 via the rear cover 1301 of the second gear shaft, bolted to the second gear shaft 25 via the reading shaft 1309, and contacted with the third gear 15 via the pressure ring 1308 of the second gear shaft 4. The No. 1 adjusting shim 1307, the No. 1 single-row tapered roller bearing 1306, and the pressure ring 1308 of the second gear shaft 4 are fitted on the second gear shaft 25.

[0131] See Figure 5 The No. 2 housing bore bearing assembly 14 is bolted to the gearbox body 12 via the first gear shaft rear pressure ring 1405, and is in contact with the first gear shaft 24 via the No. 2 single-row tapered roller bearing 1404. The first gear shaft rear cover 1402, radial oil seal 1401, first gear shaft rear pressure ring 1405, No. 2 adjusting shim 1403, and No. 2 single-row tapered roller bearing 1404 are fitted onto the first gear shaft 24.

[0132] See Figure 3 The first pressure ring 16 of the second gear shaft is fitted on the second gear shaft 25, with its right side contacting and connecting with the third gear 15 and its left side contacting and connecting with the fourth gear 17; the second pressure ring 18 of the second gear shaft is fitted on the second gear shaft 25 on its left side, with its right side contacting and connecting with the fourth gear 17 and its left side contacting and connecting with the third pressure ring 19 of the second gear shaft; the third pressure ring 19 of the second gear shaft is fitted on the second gear shaft 25, with its right side contacting and connecting with the second pressure ring 18 of the second gear shaft and its left side contacting and connecting with the third single-row tapered roller bearing 20; the third single-row tapered roller bearing 20 is fitted on the second gear shaft 25, with its right side contacting and connecting with the third pressure ring 19 of the second gear shaft and its left side contacting and connecting with the second shaft hole 1205 on the left housing wall;

[0133] See Figure 3 The double sliding gear 21 is fitted on the first gear shaft 24. The double sliding gear 21 is moved on the first gear shaft 24 by the shift fork 26, so that the first gear 2101 meshes with the third gear 15 or the second gear 2102 meshes with the fourth gear 17 for gear shifting. The first gear shaft pressure ring 22 is fitted on the first gear shaft 24, with its right side contacting the shoulder of the first gear shaft 24 and its left side contacting the No. 4 single-row tapered roller bearing 23. The No. 4 single-row tapered roller bearing 23 is fitted on the first gear shaft 24, with its right side contacting the first gear shaft pressure ring 22 and its left side contacting the first shaft hole 1206 on the left housing wall.

[0134] See Figure 2 and Figure 8 The shifting system includes a hydraulic cylinder 8, a No. 1 O-ring seal 10, a shift fork 26, a shift guide flange 27, a shift guide rod 28, a cylinder extension rod 29, a guide rod cover 30, a hydraulic cylinder O-ring seal 32, and an anti-loosening nut 33.

[0135] See Figure 10 The hydraulic cylinder 8 pushes the cylinder extension rod 29 by loading, and the cylinder extension rod 29 drives the shift fork 26 to load. The hydraulic cylinder 8 is a CJT-type standard hydraulic cylinder with proximity switches, model CJT35L. The hydraulic cylinder 8 is equipped with proximity switches 1, 801, 802 and 803. The characteristic of this hydraulic cylinder 8 is that it is not necessary to install the detection device on the machine body, which reduces the design and installation time, and makes the equipment more compact, meeting the requirements of the device.

[0136] See Figure 2The distance sensors 901, 902, and 903 are welded in a linear array to the top surface of the gearbox cover 31 and arranged along the axis of the first gear shaft 24. The distance sensor 901 is vertically aligned with the end face of the first gear 2101 and is used to detect the high-speed gear engagement position. The distance sensor 902 is vertically aligned with the bottom surface of the groove of the double sliding gear 21 and is used to detect the neutral position. The distance sensor 903 is vertically aligned with the end face of the second gear 2102 and is used to detect the low-speed gear engagement position. Data is transmitted to the computer on the operating console 3 via signal sensing for data recording. The distance sensors 901, 902, and 903 are OM70-L0600.HV0500.EK laser distance sensors with a measurement range of 100-600mm, meeting the sensor's requirements for gear measurement. They can effectively measure the distance from the sensor to the gear and record relevant data. When the distance measured by the distance sensors 901, 902, and 903 fails to reach the distance required for gear shifting, a fault light illuminates, stopping the test process and generating a fault message for the test device. This achieves the purpose of detecting the distance from the distance sensors 901, 902, and 903 to the gear.

[0137] The hydraulic cylinder 8 used to push the shift fork 26 is installed on the hydraulic cylinder hole 1203 on the right side wall of the gearbox 12, and the hydraulic cylinder 8 is bolted to the gearbox 12.

[0138] See 2 and Figure 8 The shift fork 26 is a disc-shaped part with two through holes on one side of its diameter. The central hole at the center of the shift fork 26 is used to fit the left end of the cylinder extension rod 29 and is then fixed to the cylinder extension rod 29 with a lock nut 33. The diameter of the central hole is equal to the diameter of the left end of the cylinder extension rod 29. The other through hole is used to fit the shift guide rod 28. A shift guide flange 27 is installed between the other through hole and the shift guide rod 28. The shift guide flange 27 is fixedly connected to the shift fork 26 with bolts. The inner diameter of the shift guide flange 27 is equal to the diameter of the shift guide rod 28. Threaded holes with the same position as the shift guide flange 27 are provided on both sides of the other through hole. The thickness of the shift fork 26 is equal to the size of the groove on the double sliding gear 21.

[0139] See Figure 8The shift fork 26 is mounted on the cylinder extension rod 29 and the shift guide rod 28. The right side of the shift fork 26 mounted on the cylinder extension rod 29 is in contact with the cylinder extension rod 29, and the left side is in contact with the anti-loosening nut 33. The left side of the shift fork 26 mounted on the shift guide rod 28 is in contact with the shift guide flange 27. The edge of the disc of the shift fork 26 is in contact with the groove in the double sliding gear 21, so as to stably drive the double sliding gear 21 to slide on the first gear shaft 24.

[0140] The hydraulic cylinder 8, through loading, causes the cylinder extension rod 29 to move the shift fork 26, thereby driving the double sliding gear 21 to move the first gear shaft 24, so that the first gear 2101 meshes with the third gear 15, the double sliding gear 21 meshes between the third gear 15 and the fourth gear 17, or the second gear 2102 meshes with the fourth gear 17, thus completing the shifting action;

[0141] See Figure 8 The shift guide flange 27 adopts the extended guide type circular flange with model number SSTHRL25-MB under the standard GB / T9124.1—2019;

[0142] The shift guide flange 27, which is fixed to the shift fork 26, is fitted onto the shift guide rod 28, and the shift guide flange 27 and the shift fork 26 are connected by bolts.

[0143] The diameter of the shift guide rod 28 is the same as the inner diameter of the shift guide flange 27, and the length of the shift guide rod 28 is the same as the width of the gearbox body 12. A shoulder with a diameter 5-8 cm smaller than the diameter of the shift guide rod 28 is provided at its left end, and the length of the shoulder is 5-8 cm smaller than the thickness of the left side wall of the gearbox body 12.

[0144] See Figure 8 The left end of the shift guide rod 28, which has a shoulder, is installed in the shift guide rod hole on the left side of the gearbox 12, and the right end of the shift guide rod 28 is installed in the shift guide rod hole on the right side of the gearbox 12 and fixed with the guide rod cover 30.

[0145] See Figure 8 The diameter of the cylinder extension rod 29 is 5-8 cm smaller than the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder hole 1203 in the gearbox 12 used to install the hydraulic cylinder. The right end of the cylinder extension rod 29 is machined with a threaded hole, the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the threaded rod on the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 8. The other end of the cylinder extension rod 29 is provided with a threaded section for connecting with the shift fork 26.

[0146] The right end of the cylinder extension rod 29 used to move the shift fork 26 is threadedly connected to the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 8, and the left end of the cylinder extension rod 29 is fixedly connected to the shift fork 26 by a lock nut 33. The right end of the cylinder extension rod 29 is provided with a threaded hole, and the left end of the cylinder extension rod 29 is provided with a shoulder and a thread is machined on the left end of the small diameter rod. The thread size is equal to the thread size on the lock nut 33.

[0147] See Figure 8 The guide rod cover 30 is a disc-shaped part. The diameter of the guide rod cover 30 is the same as the diameter of the stepped hole provided at the opening of the shift guide rod hole 1204 on the right side of the gearbox 12. A cylindrical boss is provided on the guide rod cover 30. The diameter of the cylindrical boss is the same as the diameter of the shift guide rod 28. The guide rod cover 30 and the shift guide rod hole 1204 on the right side of the gearbox 12 are connected by bolts.

[0148] See Figure 8 The hydraulic cylinder O-ring seal 32 is a circular annular seal with a rectangular cross-section of type Buna-N O, which conforms to the standard GB / T3452.1-1992. The hydraulic cylinder O-ring seal 32 used to seal the gearbox 12 is in contact with the gearbox 12 and the hydraulic cylinder 8.

[0149] See Figure 8 The anti-loosening nut 33 used to fix the shift fork 26 adopts the FUN00SC nut of standard GB / T6172.2-2016; the anti-loosening nut 33 is sleeved on the left end of the cylinder extension rod 29 and threadedly connected to the cylinder extension rod 29 to fix the shift fork 26.

[0150] The No. 1 O-ring seal 10 is a circular annular seal with a rectangular cross-section, model Buna-N O, which conforms to the standard GB / T3452.1-1992. The No. 1 O-ring seal 10 used to seal the gearbox body 12 is in contact with the right side wall of the gearbox body 12 and the shift guide rod cover 30.

[0151] The hydraulic cylinder 8's cylinder extension rod 29 drives the double sliding gear 21 to slide axially along the first gear shaft 24 via the shift fork 26. This allows the double sliding gear 21 to be in three states: between the third gear 15 and the fourth gear 17; disengaged from or engaged with the first gear 2101 and the third gear 15; or between the second gear 2102 and the fourth gear 17. This ensures smooth gear shifting. The shifting system includes high speed, low speed, and neutral. High speed is achieved when the first gear 2101 is engaged with the third gear 15; low speed is achieved when the second gear 2102 is engaged with the fourth gear 17; and neutral is achieved when the double sliding gear 21 is positioned between the third gear 15 and the fourth gear 17.

[0152] The positions and connections of the components within the shifting system are as follows:

[0153] See Figure 8 The hydraulic cylinder 8 is bolted to the gearbox body 12, and the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 8 is threaded to the cylinder extension rod 29. The shift fork 26 is fitted onto the cylinder extension rod 29 through its central hole and then fixed by the anti-loosening nut 33. The left side of the shift fork 26 contacts the anti-loosening nut 33, and the right side of the shift fork 26 contacts the shoulder of the cylinder extension rod 29. Another through hole on the shift fork 26 is fitted onto the boss of the shift guide flange 27, which is fitted onto the shift guide rod 28. The shift guide rod 28 is installed in the shift guide rod hole 1204 on the right side of the gearbox body 12 and the shift guide rod hole 1207 on the left side of the gearbox body 12. The right end of the shift guide rod 28 is fixed by the guide rod cover 30. The cover 30 is bolted to the opening of the shift guide rod hole 1204 on the right side of the gearbox 12, and the boss of the guide rod cover 30 is in contact with the right end face of the shift guide rod 28; the cylinder extension rod 29 is threaded to the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 8; the guide rod cover 30 is bolted to the opening of the shift guide rod hole 1204 on the right side of the gearbox 12, and the boss of the guide rod cover 30 is in contact with the right end face of the shift guide rod 28; the hydraulic cylinder O-ring seal 32 is installed in the sealing ring groove at the opening of the hydraulic cylinder hole 1203 on the gearbox 12; the anti-loosening nut 33 is fitted on the threaded rod of the cylinder extension rod 29; the No. 1 O-ring seal 10 is fitted in the sealing ring groove on the boss of the guide rod cover 30;

[0154] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The loading system includes a motor 2, a No. 1 coupling 7, an internal hexagonal nut 34, a motor support 11, and a grooved nut 5.

[0155] The motor 2 is a Y80M1-2 electric motor. The motor 2, which provides torque, is connected to the No. 1 coupling 7 via a flat key. The motor 2 is connected to the motor support 11 via bolts. The motor shaft is provided with a flat keyway. The motor 2 is provided with four threaded holes. The motor 2 is connected to the first gear shaft 24 via the No. 1 coupling 7 to load torque.

[0156] See Figure 2 The No. 1 coupling 7 is a GL-26*35 plum blossom coupling, which has the characteristics of high torque rigidity and gapless connection, meeting the requirements. The left end of the No. 1 coupling 7, which is used to transmit torque, is connected to the first gear shaft 24 by a flat key, and the right end is connected to the motor shaft by a flat key.

[0157] The aforementioned internal hex nut 34 is a nut of model SCB3-14 with standard GB / T70.1-2008;

[0158] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The motor support 11 is an L-shaped plate structure, consisting of a base and a vertical wall. The base has two through holes with a diameter equal to that of the sliding nut 5, for connection and fixation with the ground iron 4. The motor support 11 is connected to the dovetail groove in the ground iron 4 by the sliding nut 5. The upper part of the vertical wall of the motor support 11 has a through hole and four bolt holes. The through hole is equal in size to the diameter of the boss of the motor 2. The four bolt holes are evenly distributed around the through hole and are equal in size to the threaded holes on the motor 2 and are aligned with each other for fixing the motor 2.

[0159] See Figure 2 The sliding nut 5 is a sliding nut with model number APNBA-206-M10 under the brand FORRUN. The sliding nut and the screw 5 are connected to the motor support 11 and the ground iron 4.

[0160] The positions and connections of the components within the loading system are as follows:

[0161] See Figure 2 The motor 2 is keyed to coupling 7, and the boss of motor 2 is installed in the through hole on the vertical wall of motor support 11; one side of coupling 7 is keyed to the first gear shaft 24, and the other side of coupling 7 is keyed to the shaft end of motor 2; the internal hex nut 34 is threaded into the threaded hole of coupling 7; the motor support 11 is connected to the ground iron 4 through a sliding nut 5, and the hole on the vertical wall of motor support 11 fits onto the boss of motor 2; the sliding nut 5 threadedly connects motor support 11 to ground iron 4.

[0162] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 10 The data detection system includes an operating console 3, a motor encoder 6, a distance sensor 1 901, a distance sensor 2 902, a distance sensor 3 903, a proximity switch 1 801, a proximity switch 2 802, and a proximity switch 3 803.

[0163] See Figure 4 Alternatively, the motor encoder 6 may be an ultra-compact enhanced encoder of model RE16.

[0164] The motor encoder 6, which is used to detect the rotational speed of the second gear shaft 25, is connected to the No. 2 coupling 1303 by a key to measure whether the rotational speed of the second gear shaft 25 has reached the shifting requirement. The terminals of the motor encoder 6 are connected to the computer in the control console 3.

[0165] The control panel 3 is placed on the right side of the ground rail 4. The control panel 3 includes a monitor, mouse and keyboard, computer, data acquisition card, programmable controller, and multi-pin connector. The computer is the core of the data detection system and is installed inside the box at the bottom of the control panel 3. The mouse and keyboard, monitor, programmable controller, and data acquisition card are respectively connected to the computer with the data processing program installed.

[0166] The mouse and keyboard are mounted on the upper surface of the extended part of the control panel, and their wires are connected to the USB port of the computer inside the control panel 3. The monitor is an LCD monitor, mounted on the upper surface of the control panel 3, and the monitor is connected to the computer's monitor interface via an HDMI cable.

[0167] The data acquisition card is a USB-5000 series data acquisition card from the SMACQ brand. It has a high sampling rate and the number of channels meets the test requirements. The data acquisition card is installed inside the computer and connected to the motherboard slot. The signal channel acquisition interface of the data acquisition card is connected to distance sensor 1 (901), distance sensor 2 (902), distance sensor 3 (903), and motor encoder 6 in sequence to acquire the position of the first gear 2101 and the second gear 2102 and the rotational speed of the second gear shaft 25 of the automatic gear shifting system in the working state.

[0168] The programmable controller is an Easy Modicon M200 series controllable programmable controller, model TM200CE32R, which is installed inside the computer and connected to the computer's USB interface by a wire. The motor 2, vibration loading platform 1, and hydraulic cylinder 8 mentioned above are all connected to the programmable controller. During operation, the motor shaft speed, vibration environment, and piston position in hydraulic cylinder 8 during gear shifting are input through the mouse and keyboard to simulate the real working conditions, thereby controlling the corresponding components to achieve the requirements of the real working conditions.

[0169] The data processing program is pre-installed in the computer and consists of three parts: the first part is the automatic gear shifting test program set before the test; the second part records and organizes the sensor data collected during the entire test; and the third part is to statistically analyze the rotational speed of the second gear shaft 25 and the position of the first gear 2101 and the second gear 2102 during gear shifting in the CNC machine tool spindle automatic gear shifting system reliability test device after the test.

[0170] The proximity switches 801, 802, and 803 are terminal-type and normally closed. When the piston in the hydraulic cylinder 8 approaches the proximity switch, the indicator light illuminates, indicating that the piston in the hydraulic cylinder 8 has reached the position required for shifting gears, thus meeting the requirements for detecting the shifting system. The proximity switches 801, 802, and 803 are connected to the hydraulic cylinder 8, and their terminals are connected to the computer in the control console 3.

[0171] The positions and connections of the components within the data detection system are as follows:

[0172] See Figure 4 The motor encoder 6 is connected to coupling 2 1303 by key 6;

[0173] See Figure 2 The distance sensors 901, 902, and 903 are welded to corresponding positions on the top cover 31 of the gearbox; the control console 3 is placed on the ground to the right of the ground rail 4.

[0174] See Figure 10 The proximity switches 801 (No. 1), 802 (No. 2), and 803 are equidistantly mounted on the hydraulic cylinder 8 along the piston axis. Proximity switch 801 is mounted on the rodless side of the hydraulic cylinder 8, corresponding to the high-speed position, and is used to detect the magnetic ring signal when the piston approaches the bottom of the cylinder. Proximity switch 802 is mounted in the neutral position of the hydraulic cylinder 8. Proximity switch 803 is mounted on the rod side of the hydraulic cylinder 8, corresponding to the low-speed position. The three proximity switches are locked to the dovetail joint by set screws.

[0175] The positions and connections of the components within the reliability testing device for the automatic gear shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle are as follows:

[0176] See Figure 2 The auxiliary system is installed on the ground via the ground leveling iron 4. The shifting system is installed on the gearbox 12 of the auxiliary system via the hydraulic cylinder 8 and the shifting guide rod 28. One end of the shifting fork 26 in the shifting system is inserted into the groove on the double sliding gear 21 in the auxiliary system to form a contact connection. The shifting fork 26 moves left and right, driving the double sliding gear 21 to move left and right to complete the shifting.

[0177] The loading system is mounted on the ground level 4 via the motor support 11 and is located on the right side of the gearbox 12. The motor 2 in the loading system is connected to the right end of the first gear shaft 24 via coupling 7 using a flat key. The loading system is connected to the computer cable of the operating console 3 in the data detection system via the motor 2. The proximity switches 801, 802, and 803 in the data detection system are mounted on the hydraulic cylinder 8 in the shifting system. The control console 3 in the data detection system is mounted on the right side of the ground level 4. The distance sensors 901, 902, and 903 in the data detection system are fixed at corresponding positions on the top cover 31 of the gearbox. The motor encoder 6 in the data detection system is connected to the right end of the second gear shaft 25 in the auxiliary system via coupling 1303. The terminals of the motor encoder 6 are connected to the computer cable in the operating console 3.

[0178] The reliability test method for the automatic gear shifting system of CNC machine tool spindle:

[0179] The reliability test method for the automatic shifting system of CNC machine tool spindle described in this invention is based on the reliability test device for the automatic shifting system of CNC machine tool spindle described above. It proposes a set of reliability test methods for the automatic shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle under test (hereinafter referred to as the shifting system).

[0180] See Figure 11 The steps of the reliability test method for the gear shifting system are as follows:

[0181] 1. Determine the operating parameters of the automatic gear shifting system of the CNC machine tool under test.

[0182] Determine the vibration parameters of the vibration loading table 1, the speed of the motor 2, the piston neutral position, high speed position and low speed position of the hydraulic cylinder 8 during normal gear shifting of the CNC machine tool spindle automatic shifting system, and input them into the computer in the operating console 3;

[0183] 1) The parameters of the vibration loading table 1 are determined according to the actual working conditions of the automatic shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle, and the parameters are set by the staff. The purpose is to simulate the vibration environment under the actual working conditions of the automatic shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle.

[0184] 2) The speed of motor 2 is determined by the nature of the automatic shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle, that is, the initial speed required by the first gear shaft 24 of the automatic shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle, and the speed of motor 2 is set by the operator on the operating table 3;

[0185] 3) The piston of hydraulic cylinder 8 in neutral, high-speed, and low-speed positions: The neutral position is the position of the piston of hydraulic cylinder 8 when the double sliding gear 21 is between the third gear 15 and the fourth gear 17; the high-speed position is the position of the piston of hydraulic cylinder 8 when the third gear 15 and the first gear 2101 are engaged; the low-speed position is the position of the piston of hydraulic cylinder 8 when the fourth gear 17 and the second gear 2102 are engaged, and the initial position is the neutral position;

[0186] 2. Install the automatic gear shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle and the reliability testing device for the gear shifting system.

[0187] 1) Insert the cylinder barrel of hydraulic cylinder 8 into the hydraulic cylinder hole 1203 from the outside of the right side wall of gearbox 12, so that the end face of the cylinder barrel flange fits against the outer side of the right side wall of the gearbox; insert hexagon socket head cap screws into the four bolt holes of the cylinder barrel flange, screw them into the corresponding threaded holes on the right side wall of the gearbox and tighten them diagonally; put the No. 1 O-ring 10 into the sealing ring groove between the cylinder barrel and the right side wall of the gearbox and press it firmly.

[0188] 2) Insert the left end shaft of the shift guide rod 28 into the shift guide rod hole 1207 on the left side of the gearbox 12, and pass the right end through the guide hole on the upper part of the shift fork 26 until the right end shaft is inserted into the shift guide rod hole 1204 on the right side of the gearbox. Install the guide rod cover 30 on the right end of the shift guide rod 28 on the outside of the right side of the gearbox. Insert bolts into the four bolt holes of the guide rod cover 30, screw them into the threaded holes of the gearbox and tighten them. Install the No. 1 O-ring 10 in the sealing groove of the guide rod cover 30.

[0189] 3) Manually push the cylinder extension rod 29 and position the piston in neutral, high speed, and low speed positions respectively. Check whether the indicator lights of proximity switches 1 (801), 2 (802), and 3 (803) light up in sequence. Check whether distance sensors 1 (901), 2 (902), and 3 (903) correspond to the three positions.

[0190] 3. Set loading parameters

[0191] 1) Set the loading position parameters of the hydraulic cylinder piston.

[0192] Based on the hydraulic cylinder stroke and gear meshing position of the automatic shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle under test, the neutral position parameters, high speed position parameters, and low speed position parameters are input into the computer software on the operating console 3. The software automatically generates trigger thresholds for proximity switches 1 (801), 2 (802), and 3 (803). Simulating the loading position during shifting: the computer controls the solenoid valve of the hydraulic cylinder 8 to drive the piston to move; proximity switches 1 (801), 2 (802), or 3 (803) detect the position of the piston's magnetic ring and provide feedback signals. When the piston reaches the set position and distance sensors 1 (901), 2 (902), or 3 (903) confirm that the gear meshing backlash is within the system's judgment range, the shift is considered complete. If the proximity switch does not trigger or the backlash exceeds the tolerance after the piston moves, a fault code is recorded and the test is stopped.

[0193] 2) Set motor parameters 2

[0194] Input the motor speed parameters of the automatic gear shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle under test into the computer on the operating console 3: calculate the speed tolerance and loading torque based on the transmission ratio of the third gear 15 and the first gear 2101 for the high-speed gear and the transmission ratio of the fourth gear 17 and the second gear 2102 for the low-speed gear; simulate actual gear shifting loading: start motor 2, drive the first gear shaft 24 to rotate through coupling 7, and transmit torque to the double sliding gear 21; hydraulic cylinder 8 drives the piston to shift gears according to the position parameters set in the previous step; motor encoder 6 monitors the speed of the second gear shaft 25 in real time; when the speed reaches the set value and the fluctuation is within the speed tolerance range, maintain loading; if the speed continues to deviate from the tolerance or there is abnormal meshing, record the fault and terminate the test;

[0195] 3) Set the vibration parameters of the vibration loading table 1.

[0196] Input the vibration parameters corresponding to the automatic gear shifting system of the tested CNC machine tool spindle into the computer on the operating console 3: vibration frequency range, amplitude, vibration direction X / Y / Z three-axis synthesis, and set the vibration duration for each gear; Simulate gear shifting vibration: Start the vibration loading table 1 and execute the gear shifting loading of setting the parameters of motor 2 in step 2) under vibration conditions; If abnormal gear shifting noise, gear disengagement, or signal loss of proximity switch 801, proximity switch 802, or proximity switch 803 occurs during vibration, it is recorded as a gear shifting reliability failure under vibration conditions;

[0197] 4. Conduct reliability tests on the automatic gear shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle.

[0198] Reliability tests were conducted on the automatic gear shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle, including tests from neutral to low speed, neutral to high speed, low speed to high speed, and high speed to low speed.

[0199] 5. Data Collection

[0200] The test parameters of the shifting system under actual working conditions were collected, and the failure modes of the shifting system under actual loading conditions were recorded.

[0201] The main failure modes of a gear shifting system are:

[0202] The piston of hydraulic cylinder 8 has not reached the position required for shifting gears, the rotational speed of the second gear shaft 25 has not reached the shifting gear requirement, and the first gear 2101 and the second gear 2102 have not reached the designated position.

[0203] To address the above failure modes, the data acquisition card in the control panel 3 was used to collect data on the piston position of the hydraulic cylinder 8, the rotational speed of the second gear shaft 25, and the positions of the first gear 2101 and the second gear 2102 during the test.

[0204] 1) The position of the piston of hydraulic cylinder 8 is collected by proximity switch 1 (801), proximity switch 2 (802), and proximity switch 3 (803);

[0205] 2) The rotational speed of the second gear shaft 25 is acquired through the motor encoder 6;

[0206] 3) The meshing position of the first gear 2101 and the second gear 2102 is collected by distance sensor 1 901, distance sensor 2 902 and distance sensor 3 903;

[0207] 4) If the piston does not trigger the proximity switch signal within 2 seconds, the speed deviation continues to exceed the set threshold, or the gear meshing clearance exceeds the set threshold, it is determined as a shift failure, and the piston position, the speed of the second gear shaft 25, and the positions of the first gear 2101 and the second gear 2102 at the time of the failure are automatically saved.

[0208] 6. Save and analyze experimental data

[0209] The computer software displays the test data and failure modes of the shifting system, analyzes the causes of failure, analyzes possible faults, records test data, and after each test, classifies, organizes and stores each set of test data, including test time, detection signal data, fault data and failure modes, for easy analysis.

Claims

1. A reliability test device for an automatic gear shifting system of a main shaft of a numerical control machine tool, characterized in that The automatic gear shifting system reliability test device of the numerical control machine tool spindle comprises an auxiliary system, a gear shifting system, a loading system and a data detection system. The auxiliary system comprises a ground iron (4), a gear box body (12), a No. 2 coupling (1303), a double sliding gear (21), a first gear shaft (24), a second gear shaft (25) and a gear box body top cover (31). The data detection system comprises an operation table (3), a motor encoder (6), a No. 1 distance sensor (901), a No. 2 distance sensor (902), a No. 3 distance sensor (903), a No. 1 proximity switch (801), a No. 2 proximity switch (802) and a No. 3 proximity switch (803). The auxiliary system is installed on the ground through the ground iron (4), the gear shifting system is installed on the gear box body (12) through the hydraulic cylinder (8) and the gear shifting guide rod (28) in the gear shifting system, and one end of the gear shifting yoke (26) in the gear shifting system is inserted into the groove on the double sliding gear (21) in contact connection. The loading system is installed on the ground iron (4) through the motor support (11) and is located on the right side of the gear box body (12), the motor (2) of the loading system is connected with the right end of the first gear shaft (24) through the No. 1 coupling (7) and the key, the loading system is connected with the computer line of the control console (3) through the motor (2), the No. 1 proximity switch (801), the No. 2 proximity switch (802) and the No. 3 proximity switch (803) are installed on the hydraulic cylinder (8) in the gear shifting system, the control console (3) is installed on the right side of the ground iron (4), the No. 1 distance sensor (901), the No. 2 distance sensor (902) and the No. 3 distance sensor (903) are fixed on the corresponding positions of the gear box body top cover (31), the motor encoder (6) is connected with the right end of the second gear shaft (25) through the No. 2 coupling (1303) and the key, and the wiring column of the motor encoder (6) is connected with the computer line in the control console (3).

2. The reliability test device for the automatic gear shifting system of the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that The auxiliary system further comprises a vibration loading table (1) and a gear box body assembly. The vibration loading table (1) is an electric vibration test table with the model of ES-2-230. The gear box body assembly comprises the gear box body (12), a No. 1 box hole bearing assembly (13), a No. 2 box hole bearing assembly (14), a third gear (15), a second gear shaft No. 1 pressing ring (16), a fourth gear (17), a second gear shaft No. 2 pressing ring (18), a second gear shaft No. 3 pressing ring (19), a No. 3 single row tapered roller bearing (20), the double sliding gear (21), a first gear shaft pressing ring (22), a No. 4 single row tapered roller bearing (23), the first gear shaft (24), the second gear shaft (25) and the gear box body top cover (31); wherein the double sliding gear (21) is composed of a first gear (2101) and a second gear (2102). The first gear shaft (24) is installed in the right box wall first shaft hole (1202) and the left box wall first shaft hole (1206) of the gear box (12) through the No. 2 box hole bearing assembly (14), the first gear shaft pressing ring (22) and the No. 4 single row tapered roller bearing (23), the second gear shaft (25) is installed in the right box wall second shaft hole (1201) and the left box wall second shaft hole (1205) of the gear box (12) through the No. 1 box hole bearing assembly (13) and the No. 3 single row tapered roller bearing (20), the double sliding gear (21) is sleeved on the first gear shaft (24), and the two are in sliding connection; The second gear shaft No. 3 pressing ring (19), the second gear shaft No. 2 pressing ring (18), the fourth gear (17), the second gear shaft No. 1 pressing ring (16) and the third gear (15) are sleeved on the two gear shafts (25) from left to right, and are in contact connection; The vibration loading table (1) is installed on the left side of the top end of the ground rail (4), the bottom end of the vibration loading table (1) is connected with the ground rail (4) through the sliding groove nut (5), and the top end of the vibration loading table (1) is bolted with the bottom of the gear box (12); the top end of the gear box (12) is fixedly connected with the gear box top cover (31) through bolts.

3. The reliability test device for the automatic gear shifting system of the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The gear box (12) is a box-shaped structural member with a rectangular cuboid shape, which is welded by five steel plates, the depth of the gear box (12) is 8-13 cm larger than the diameter of the fourth gear (17), four threaded holes are arranged at the four corners of the top end and are opposite to the positions of the four through holes on the box top cover (31), four through holes are arranged on the right box wall of the gear box (12) from front to back, namely the right box wall second shaft hole (1201), the right box wall first shaft hole (1202), the hydraulic cylinder hole (1203) and the right box wall gear shifting guide rod hole (1204), and three through holes are arranged on the left box wall of the gear box (12) from front to back, namely the left box wall second shaft hole (1205), the left box wall first shaft hole (1206) and the left box wall gear shifting guide rod hole (1207); The rotation axes of the right box wall second shaft hole (1201) and the left box wall second shaft hole (1205) are collinear and perpendicular to the right box wall and the left box wall, and are used for installing the second gear shaft (25); The rotation axes of the right box wall first shaft hole (1202) and the left box wall first shaft hole (1206) are collinear and perpendicular to the right box wall and the left box wall, and are used for installing the first gear shaft (24), the rotation axes of the right box wall first shaft hole (1202) and the left box wall first shaft hole (1206) are parallel to the rotation axes of the right box wall second shaft hole (1201) and the left box wall second shaft hole (1205) and are in the same horizontal plane; two symmetrical threaded holes are arranged around the right box wall first shaft hole (1202); The rotation axis of the right box wall gear shifting guide rod hole (1204) and the left box wall gear shifting guide rod hole (1207) is collinear and perpendicular to the right box wall and the left box wall, the right box wall gear shifting guide rod hole (1204) and the left box wall gear shifting guide rod hole (1207) are used for installing the gear shifting guide rod (28), and the rotation axis of the right box wall gear shifting guide rod hole (1204) and the left box wall gear shifting guide rod hole (1207) is parallel to the rotation axis of the right box wall second shaft hole (1201) and the left box wall second shaft hole (1205) and is in the same horizontal plane; The hydraulic cylinder hole (1203) is arranged between the right box wall first shaft hole (1202) and the right box wall gear shifting guide rod hole (1204), the rotation axis of the hydraulic cylinder hole (1203) is parallel to the rotation axis of the right box wall second shaft hole (1201) and is in the same horizontal plane, and the hydraulic cylinder hole (1203) is used for installing the hydraulic cylinder (8); The diameter of the right box wall first shaft hole (1202) is the same as the diameter of the bearing outer ring of the No. 2 single row tapered roller bearing (1404), the diameter of the right box wall second shaft hole (1201) is the same as the diameter of the bearing outer ring of the No. 1 single row tapered roller bearing (1306), the hole distance of the right box wall second shaft hole (1201) and the right box wall first shaft hole (1202) is the sum of the meshing radii of the third gear shaft (15) and the first gear (2101) or the fourth gear shaft (17) and the second gear (2102), and the height of the rotation axis of the right box wall first shaft hole (1202) from the inner wall of the bottom of the gear box body (12) is 10-15 cm greater than the addendum circle radius of the fourth gear (17); The diameter of the hydraulic cylinder hole (1203) is equal to the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder (8), the distance of the rotation axis of the hydraulic cylinder hole (1203) from the inner wall of the bottom of the gear box body (12) is equal to the height of the rotation axis of the right box wall first shaft hole (1202) from the inner wall of the bottom of the gear box body (12), a ring-shaped sealing ring groove with a rectangular cross section is arranged at the right end hole of the hydraulic cylinder hole (1203), the size of the sealing ring groove is the same as the structural size of the sealing ring (32), and the sealing ring (32) is a standard Buna-N O-shaped circular ring sealing ring with a rectangular cross section with a model of GB / T3452.1-1992; The right end of the right box wall gear shift guide rod hole (1204) is provided with a small diameter hole in the counterbore hole of the mounting guide rod cover (30), the diameter of the small diameter hole is equal to the diameter of the gear shift guide rod (28), the rotation axis of the counterbore hole of the mounting guide rod cover (30) and the rotation axis of the hydraulic cylinder hole (1203) are in the same plane, and the rotation axis of the counterbore hole of the mounting guide rod cover (30) is collinear with the rotation axis of the right box wall gear shift guide rod hole (1204); the horizontal distance between the hydraulic cylinder hole (1203) and the right box wall first shaft hole (1202) is the sum of the radius of the gear shift yoke (26) and the radius of the groove bottom wall on the double sliding gear (21), a ring-shaped sealing ring groove with a rectangular cross section is arranged at the shoulder of the small diameter hole in the counterbore hole of the mounting guide rod cover (30), the structural size of the sealing ring groove is the same as the structural size of the No. 1 O-shaped sealing ring (10), four thread holes for bolt fixing the guide rod cover (30) are uniformly arranged around the sealing ring groove of the No. 1 O-shaped sealing ring (10), the rotation axis of the thread hole is parallel to the rotation axis of the guide rod cover (30), and the gear box body (12) is provided with a number of thread holes equal to the number of thread holes of the vibration loading table (1) and aligned in position on the bottom wall of the gear box body (12).

4. The reliability test device for the automatic gear shifting system of the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that The No. 1 box body hole bearing assembly (13) comprises a second gear shaft rear cover (1301), a No. 2 O-shaped sealing ring (1302), a No. 2 shaft coupling (1303), a second gear shaft small cover (1304), a B-shaped inner skeleton oil seal (1305), a No. 1 single row tapered roller bearing (1306), a No. 1 adjusting pad (1307), a No. 4 pressing ring (1308) of the second gear shaft and a reading shaft (1309). The second gear shaft rear cover (1301) is installed in the right box wall second shaft hole (1201) on the gear box body (12) right box wall, and is fixedly connected with the gear box body (12) right box wall by two inner hexagonal cylindrical head screws; the No. 2 O-shaped sealing ring (1302) is placed in the sealing ring groove on the flange of the second gear shaft rear cover (1301); the one end of the No. 2 coupling (1303) is connected with the right end of the reading shaft (1309) by a key; the second gear shaft small cover (1304) is bolted with the left side center of the second gear shaft rear cover (1301); the B-shaped inner package framework oil seal (1305) is placed in the sealing ring groove in the left side center of the second gear shaft rear cover (1301); the left end surface of the No. 1 single row tapered roller bearing (1306) is in contact with the right end surface of the second gear shaft No. 4 pressing ring (1308), and the right end surface of the No. 1 single row tapered roller bearing (1306) is in contact with the left end surface of the No. 1 adjusting pad (1307); the right end surface of the No. 1 adjusting pad (1307) is in contact with the left end surface of the flange of the second gear shaft rear cover (1301); the left end surface of the second gear shaft No. 4 pressing ring (1308) is in contact with the right end surface of the third gear (15) hub, and the right end surface of the second gear shaft No. 4 pressing ring (1308) is in contact with the left end surface of the No. 1 single row tapered roller bearing (1306); the right end of the reading shaft (1309) is connected with the No. 2 coupling (1303) by a key, and the left end of the reading shaft (1309) is bolted with the right end of the second gear shaft (25).

5. The reliability test device for the automatic gear shifting system of the CNC machine tool spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that The No. 2 box hole bearing assembly (14) comprises a radial oil seal (1401), a first gear shaft rear cover (1402), a No. 2 adjusting pad (1403), a No. 2 single row tapered roller bearing (1404), a first gear shaft rear pressing ring (1405) and a No. 3 O-shaped sealing ring (1406). The first gear shaft rear pressing ring (1405) is bolted in the right box wall first shaft hole (1202) of the gear box body (12), the radial oil seal (1401) is installed in the radial oil seal groove arranged on the first gear shaft rear pressing ring (1405), the left end surface of the radial oil seal (1401) is in contact with the first gear shaft rear pressing ring (1405), and the right end surface of the radial oil seal (1401) is in contact with the left end surface of the first gear shaft rear cover (1402); the first gear shaft rear cover (1402) and the first gear shaft rear pressing ring (1405) are bolted; the left end surface of the No. 2 adjusting pad (1403) is in contact with the right end surface of the outer bearing ring of the No. 2 single row tapered roller bearing (1404), and the right end surface of the No. 2 adjusting pad (1403) is in contact with the left end surface of the flange of the first gear shaft rear pressing ring (1405); the left end surface of the inner bearing ring of the No. 2 single row tapered roller bearing (1404) is in contact with the shaft shoulder on the first gear shaft (24), and the right end of the outer bearing ring of the No. 2 single row tapered roller bearing (1404) is in contact with the left end surface of the No. 2 adjusting pad (1403); the No. 3 O-shaped sealing ring (1406) is placed in the sealing ring groove arranged on the flange of the first gear shaft rear pressing ring (1405).

6. The apparatus for testing the reliability of the automatic gear shifting system of the main shaft of a numerically controlled machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that The gear shifting system further comprises a No. 1 O-shaped sealing ring (10), a gear shifting guide flange (27), an oil cylinder extension rod (29), a guide rod cover (30), a hydraulic cylinder O-shaped sealing ring (32), and a lock nut (33); The hydraulic cylinder (8) is a CJT type standard hydraulic cylinder with a proximity switch, and the model number is CJT35L; The No. 1 O-shaped sealing ring (10) is a circular ring-shaped sealing ring with a rectangular cross section, and the standard is GB / T3452.1-1992, and the model number is Buna-N O; The gear shifting guide flange (27) is a lengthened guide type circular flange, and the standard is GB / T9124.1-2019, and the model number is SSTHRL25-MB; The hydraulic cylinder O-shaped sealing ring (32) is a circular ring-shaped sealing ring with a rectangular cross section, and the standard is GB / T3452.1-1992, and the model number is Buna-N O; The lock nut (33) for fixing the gear shifting yoke (26) is a nut with the standard GB / T6172.2-2016, and the model number is FUN00SC. The hydraulic cylinder (8) is bolted at one end to the orifice of the hydraulic cylinder hole (1203) on the right wall of the gear box (12), and the piston of the hydraulic cylinder (8) is threadedly connected to the right end of the oil cylinder extension rod (29); the shift yoke (26) is sleeved on the left end of the oil cylinder extension rod (29) through the central hole, and is fixed by the lock nut (33), the left side of the shift yoke (26) is in contact with the lock nut (33), the right side of the shift yoke (26) is in contact with the shaft shoulder of the oil cylinder extension rod (29), another through hole in the shift yoke (26) is used for sleeving the boss of the shift guide flange (27), and the shift guide flange (27) is sleeved on the shift guide rod (28); the shift guide rod (28) is installed in the right wall shift guide rod hole (1204) and the left wall shift guide rod hole (1207) of the gear box (12), the right end of the shift guide rod (28) is fixed by the guide rod cover (30), the guide rod cover (30) is bolted to the orifice of the right wall shift guide rod hole (1204) of the gear box (12), and the boss of the guide rod cover (30) is in contact with the right end surface of the shift guide rod (28); the hydraulic cylinder O-shaped sealing ring (32) is installed in the sealing ring groove at the orifice of the hydraulic cylinder hole (1203) of the gear box (12); the lock nut (33) is sleeved on the threaded rod of the oil cylinder extension rod (29); and the No. 1 O-shaped sealing ring (10) is sleeved in the sealing ring groove on the boss of the guide rod cover (30).

7. The apparatus for testing the reliability of the automatic gear shifting system of the main shaft of a numerically controlled machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that The loading system further comprises a sliding groove nut (5) and an internal hexagonal nut (34); The motor (2) is a motor with a model number of Y80M1-2; The sliding groove nut (5) is a sliding block nut with a model number of APNBA-206-M10 under a brand of FORRUN; The No. 1 coupling (7) is a plum coupling with a model number of GL-26*35; The internal hexagonal nut (34) is a nut with a model number of SCB3-14 and a standard of GB / T70.1-2008; The motor support (11) is an L-shaped plate structure, which is composed of a base and a vertical wall, two through holes are arranged on the base, the diameters of the through holes are equal to the size of the sliding groove nut (5); a through hole and four bolt holes are arranged on the upper part of the vertical wall of the motor support (11), the size of the through hole is equal to the diameter of the boss of the motor (2), the four bolt holes are uniformly distributed around the through hole, and the four bolt holes are equal in size to the threaded holes of the motor (2) and are in a correct position relative to the threaded holes; The left end of the No. 1 coupling 7 is connected to the first gear shaft (24) through a key, and the right end is connected to the motor shaft through a key; The motor (2) is bolted to the through hole in the upper part of the vertical wall of the motor support (11), the output shaft of the motor (2) is keyed to the right end of the No. 1 coupling (7), the left end of the No. 1 coupling (7) is keyed to the right end of the first gear shaft (24), and the motor support (11) is fixedly connected to the ground iron (4) by the sliding groove nut (5).

8. The apparatus for testing the reliability of the automatic gear shifting system of the main shaft of a numerically controlled machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that The motor encoder (6) is a super-small enhanced encoder with RE16 model; The No. 1 distance sensor (901), the No. 2 distance sensor (902) and the No. 3 distance sensor (903) are all laser distance sensors with OM70-L0600.HV0500.EK model; The console (3) further comprises a display, a mouse keyboard, a data acquisition card, a programmable controller and a multi-core plug; The computer is installed in the box at the lower part of the console (3), and the mouse keyboard, the display, the programmable controller and the data acquisition card are connected with the computer installed with a data processing program respectively; The mouse keyboard is installed on the upper end face of the extended part of the console, and the wires thereof are connected to the USB interface of the computer in the box of the console (3); the display is a liquid crystal display installed on the upper end face of the console (3), and the display is connected to the display interface of the computer through an HDMI line; The data acquisition card is a USB-5000 series data acquisition card of the SMACQ brand, which is installed in the computer and connected to the mainboard card slot of the computer; the signal channel acquisition interface of the data acquisition card is connected with the No. 1 distance sensor (901), the No. 2 distance sensor (902), the No. 3 distance sensor (903) and the motor encoder (6) in sequence, so as to collect the position of the first gear (2101) and the second gear (2102) and the rotating speed of the second gear shaft (25) of the automatic gear shifting system of the numerical control machine tool in the working state; The programmable controller is a controllable programmable controller with TM200CE32R model of the Easy Modicon M200 series, which is installed in the computer and connected to the USB interface of the computer through wires; the motor (2), the vibration loading table (1) and the hydraulic cylinder (8) are connected with the programmable controller.

9. A reliability test method for an automatic gear shifting system of a main shaft of a numerical control machine tool, characterized by, The steps of the numerical control machine tool spindle automatic gear shifting system reliability test method are as follows: 1) Determine the working parameters of the tested numerical control machine tool spindle automatic gear shifting system Determine the vibration parameters of the vibration loading table (1), the rotating speed of the motor (2) and the piston neutral gear position, high-speed gear position and low-speed gear position of the hydraulic cylinder (8) when the numerical control machine tool spindle automatic gear shifting system normally shifts, and input them into the computer in the console (3); (1) The parameters of the vibration loading table (1) are determined according to the actual working condition of the numerical control machine tool spindle automatic gear shifting system, and the parameters are set by the staff, the purpose of which is to simulate the vibration environment of the numerical control machine tool spindle automatic gear shifting system under the actual working condition; (2) The rotating speed of the motor (2) is determined by the nature of the numerical control machine tool spindle automatic gear shifting system, that is, the initial rotating speed required by the first gear shaft (24) of the numerical control machine tool spindle automatic gear shifting system, and the rotating speed of the motor (2) is set by the staff on the console (3); (3) The neutral gear position, high-speed gear position and low-speed gear position of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder (8): a. Neutral position is the piston of the hydraulic cylinder (8) corresponding position when the double sliding gear (21) is in the middle of the third gear (15) and the fourth gear (17); b. High speed gear position is the corresponding position of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder (8) when the third gear (15) and the first gear (2101) are engaged; c. Low speed gear position is the corresponding position of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder (8) when the fourth gear (17) and the second gear (2102) are engaged, and the initial position is the neutral position; 2) Install the automatic gear shifting system of the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool and the gear shifting system reliability test device (1) Insert the cylinder barrel of the hydraulic cylinder (8) from the outside of the right wall of the gear box (12) into the hydraulic cylinder hole (1203), so that the flange end face of the cylinder barrel is attached to the outside of the right box wall; Insert the inner hexagonal cylindrical head screw into the four bolt holes of the cylinder flange, and screw into the corresponding threaded holes of the right box wall and tighten diagonally; Put the No. 1 O-shaped sealing ring (10) into the sealing ring groove between the cylinder barrel and the right box wall and compact it; (2) Insert the left end shaft section of the gear shifting guide rod (28) into the gear box (12) left box wall gear shifting guide rod hole (1207), and the right end passes through the guide hole of the upper part of the gear shifting yoke (26) until the right end shaft section is inserted into the right box wall gear shifting guide rod hole (1204). Install the guide rod cover (30) on the right end of the gear shifting guide rod (28) on the outside of the right box wall of the box, screw the bolts into the threaded holes of the box through the four bolt holes of the guide rod cover (30) and tighten, and install the No. 1 O-shaped sealing ring (10) in the sealing groove of the guide rod cover (30); (3) Manually push the oil cylinder extension rod (29) and make the piston at the neutral, high speed and low speed positions respectively, check whether the indicator lights of the No. 1 proximity switch (801), the No. 2 proximity switch (802) and the No. 3 proximity switch (803) light up in turn; Check whether the No. 1 distance sensor (901), the No. 2 distance sensor (902) and the No. 3 distance sensor (903) correspond to the three gear positions; 3) Set the load parameters (1) Set the load position parameters of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder According to the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder of the measured gear shifting system and the gear engagement position, input the neutral position parameters, high speed gear position parameters and low speed gear position parameters in the computer software of the operation platform 3; The software automatically generates the trigger threshold of the No. 1 proximity switch (801), the No. 2 proximity switch (802) and the No. 3 proximity switch (803) accordingly; Simulate the load position during gear shifting: the computer controls the electromagnetic reversing valve of the hydraulic cylinder (8) to drive the piston to move, and the proximity switch detects the position of the piston magnetic ring and feeds back the signal; When the piston reaches the set position and the No. 1 distance sensor (901), the No. 2 distance sensor (902) and the No. 3 distance sensor (903) confirm that the gear engagement side gap reaches the system judgment range, it is determined that the gear shifting is in place; If the proximity switch is not triggered or the side gap is out of tolerance after the piston moves, record the fault code and stop the test; (2) Set the motor (2) parameters In the operating table (3) computer input test shift system corresponding motor (2) speed parameters: according to the high speed shift speed, that is, according to the third gear (15) and the first gear (2101) transmission ratio calculation, low speed shift speed, that is, according to the fourth gear (17) and the second gear (2102) transmission ratio calculation set speed tolerance and load torque; Simulate the actual shift load: start the motor (2), drive the first gear shaft (24) to rotate, pass through No. 1 coupling (7) to transmit torque to double coupling sliding gear (21); The hydraulic cylinder (8) drives the piston to shift according to the position parameter set in the last step, the motor encoder (6) monitors the second gear shaft (25) speed in real time, and maintains the load when the speed reaches the set value and the fluctuation is within the speed tolerance range; If the speed deviates from the tolerance or the meshing is abnormal, record the fault and terminate the test; (3) set the vibration parameters of the vibration loading table (1) In the operating table (3) computer input test shift system corresponding vibration parameters: vibration frequency range, amplitude, vibration direction X / Y / Z three axis synthesis, set each gear vibration duration; Simulate shift vibration: start the vibration loading table (1), execute step 2) set motor (2) parameter this step shift load under vibration working condition; If abnormal noise occurs during shifting, gear meshing is disconnected or proximity switch signal is lost, record the shift reliability failure under vibration working condition; 4) conduct shift reliability test Conduct reliability test on the automatic shift system of the numerical control machine tool spindle, modify the meshing position of the gear, and conduct test of empty gear to low speed gear, empty gear to high speed gear, low speed gear to high speed gear and high speed gear to low speed gear respectively; 5) data acquisition Acquire test parameters of the test shift system under actual working condition, and record the failure mode of the shift system under actual load condition: (1) acquire the piston position of the hydraulic cylinder (8) through No. 1 proximity switch (801), No. 2 proximity switch (802) and No. 3 proximity switch (803); (2) acquire the second gear shaft (25) speed through the motor encoder (6); (3) acquire the meshing position of the first gear (2101) and the second gear (2102) through No. 1 distance sensor (901), No. 2 distance sensor (902) and No. 3 distance sensor (903); (4) if the piston does not trigger the proximity switch signal within 2 seconds, the speed deviation continuously exceeds the set threshold or the gear meshing gap exceeds the set threshold, it is determined that the shift fails once, and the piston position, the second gear shaft (25) speed and the position of the first gear (2101) and the second gear (2102) at the time of failure are automatically saved; 6) save and analyze experimental data Display and analyze the test data and failure mode of the shift system in the computer software, analyze the possible fault record test data, and classify and store the test data, including test time, detection signal data, fault data and failure mode, after each test, to facilitate analysis.

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