Fractured rock mass grouting three-dimensional visualization test device and method

Abstract

The invention particularly discloses a fractured rock mass grouting three-dimensional visualization test device and method, and relates to the technical field of rock mass engineering. The device comprises a test box body, a liquid inlet and outlet system, a monitoring system and a dynamic water environment simulation assembly, the test box body is made of a transparent acrylic material and is composed of an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate, a front cover plate, a rear cover plate, a baffle and two side cover plates, and a core experiment module is arranged in the test box body; the liquid inlet and outlet system is sequentially connected with the liquid holding device, the peristaltic pump, the valve, the Doppler flow velocity sensor and the test box body through rubber pipes; the monitoring system integrates an image collection unit and a data monitoring unit, an industrial-grade 3D camera and a binocular camera achieve visualization of the displacement process, and a fiber bragg grating pressure sensor synchronously collects fracture pressure data and transmits the fracture pressure data to a computer through a multifunctional data collection module. The device can be used for observing the displacement process of the slurry in the three-dimensional fracture in real time, synchronously monitoring key parameters, adapting to complex test working conditions and providing reliable support for grouting law research.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock mass engineering technology, and in particular to a three-dimensional visualization test device and method for grouting fractured rock mass. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale development of deep underground engineering, the stress environment of rock masses is becoming increasingly complex. Under the unloading action of excavation, joints and fissures within the rock mass are prone to expand and interconnect, leading to rock mass failure and reduced impermeability, posing a serious threat to the safety of engineering construction and long-term operation. Extensive engineering practice has proven that grouting technology is a key means of repairing fractured rock masses and improving the integrity, stability, and impermeability of the surrounding rock. Therefore, grouting technology for fractured rock masses has become a research focus for scholars both domestically and internationally.

[0003] However, the grouting process in rock fractures is a hidden process, making it difficult to directly observe the actual grout displacement process, thus hindering the precise determination of key factors affecting displacement efficiency. Currently, research on grout displacement mechanisms mainly focuses on numerical simulation. Although this method can efficiently reveal the grout displacement mechanism, numerical simulations are based on numerous idealized assumptions, resulting in significant deviations from actual engineering conditions and making them difficult to directly apply to field guidance. Therefore, conducting model experiments to explore the grout displacement mechanisms in real fractured rock masses has significant practical implications.

[0004] Current model experiments on grouting in fractured rock masses mainly rely on visualization-based experiments, but existing technologies have significant limitations: most grouting experimental devices are designed based on the characteristics of single rough fractures or two-dimensional planar fractures, failing to consider the grout flow process in real three-dimensional fractured rock masses. However, in actual engineering, grouting displacement in fractured rock masses often occurs within complex three-dimensional fracture networks, and single rough fractures or two-dimensional planar models cannot effectively reveal the grout transport mechanism in real complex fracture network rock masses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to construct a three-dimensional fractured network rock mass grouting experimental device that integrates visualization, multi-parameter monitoring, and high similarity simulation to overcome the aforementioned technical bottlenecks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to propose a three-dimensional visualization test device and method for grouting in fractured rock masses, which solves the problems of existing technologies being unable to observe the three-dimensional fracture grouting process and difficult to simultaneously monitor defects of multiple physical parameters. This enables precise exploration of the displacement law of grout in real and complex fractured environments, and provides reliable technical support for the optimization of grouting technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a three-dimensional visualization test device for grouting in fractured rock mass, comprising: a test chamber, a liquid inlet / outlet system, a monitoring system, and a dynamic water environment simulation component; The test chamber is made entirely of transparent acrylic material and contains a core experimental module, including an upper cover, a lower cover, a front cover, a rear cover, a baffle, and two side covers. The front and rear covers are fixedly connected to the lower cover. The baffle is located on the inner side of the front cover, and four rotating wheel bolts are located on the outer side of the front cover. The upper cover has a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, distributed on both sides of the upper cover, and also has several sensor placement holes. The liquid inlet and outlet system includes a liquid-collecting device, a peristaltic pump, a Doppler flow sensor, a valve, and an outlet liquid-collecting device. The liquid-collecting device is connected in sequence to the peristaltic pump, the valve, the Doppler flow sensor, and the liquid inlet of the test chamber via a rubber tube. The liquid outlet of the test chamber is connected in sequence to the outlet valve and the outlet liquid-collecting device. The monitoring system includes an image acquisition unit and a data monitoring unit. The image acquisition unit consists of a lifting frame, an industrial-grade 3D camera, a binocular camera, and a synchronization trigger. The industrial-grade 3D camera is positioned on the top of the lifting frame, and the binocular camera is positioned on the front side of the test chamber. Both the industrial-grade 3D camera and the binocular camera are connected to the synchronization trigger and connected to a computer. The data monitoring unit includes a fiber optic pressure sensor and a multi-functional data acquisition module. The fiber optic pressure sensor is positioned at the crack in the core experimental module and connected to the multi-functional data acquisition module, which is connected to a computer.

[0007] Preferably, the upper part of the baffle and the rear cover plate are provided with two bolt holes, and the two sides of the baffle and the rear cover plate are also provided with two bolt holes; the front and rear sides of the upper cover plate are provided with two rotating bolts, and the rotating bolts on the front and rear sides of the upper cover plate are connected to the bolt holes on the upper part of the baffle and the rear cover plate; the front and rear sides of the two side cover plates are provided with two rotating bolts, and the rotating bolts on the front and rear sides of the two side cover plates are connected to the bolt holes on the sides of the baffle and the rear cover plate.

[0008] Preferably, the front part of the upper cover plate and the two side cover plates are provided with sliding grooves, and the first rotating bolt and the second rotating bolt are respectively disposed in the sliding grooves of the upper cover plate and the two side cover plates.

[0009] Preferably, the core experimental module is printed and assembled in sections using 3D printing technology, and acrylic gaskets are glued to the joints of the printed parts using fast-curing resin adhesive.

[0010] Preferably, the inner walls of the upper cover, lower cover, baffle, rear cover, and two side covers are covered with a TPU waterproof film.

[0011] Preferably, a level calibration device is provided at the bottom of the lower cover plate, the level calibration device consisting of four evenly distributed levels.

[0012] Preferably, rotating wheel bolts are also provided at the four corners of the baffle and the rear cover plate.

[0013] Preferably, the dynamic water environment simulation component includes a water tank, a water container, a pressure relief valve, a flow meter, a pressure gauge, and a porous reverse osmosis baffle. The water tank includes an inlet tank and an outlet tank. The inlet tank is connected to the flow meter and the water container in sequence via a rubber tube. The pressure relief valve and the pressure gauge are located at the top of the inlet tank. A drain pipe is provided at the bottom of the outlet tank.

[0014] Preferably, the inlet tank and the outlet tank are used to replace the two side covers of the test chamber, and a porous reverse osmosis baffle is provided between the inlet tank and the outlet tank and the test chamber; the inlet tank and the outlet tank are fixedly connected to the test chamber and sealed by rotating wheel bolts.

[0015] This invention also provides a test method based on a three-dimensional visualization test device for grouting in fractured rock mass, the specific steps of which are as follows: Step S1: Assembly and debugging of the experimental apparatus; Step S11, Core Experimental Module Preparation: Obtain the core experimental module components using 3D printing technology, attach acrylic gaskets at the component connection points and bond them with fast-curing resin adhesive to form a three-dimensional crack network with a preset opening and orientation. Step S12, Assembly of the test chamber: First, place the core experimental module into the lower cover plate of the test chamber, then install the side cover plates and baffles. Press the baffles against the core experimental module using the rotating bolts on the front cover plate, and then fix the side cover plates using the rotating bolts on the side cover plates. Finally, install the upper cover plate and fix and seal it using the rotating bolts. Step S13, Leveling: Adjust the level at the bottom of the test chamber to ensure that the test chamber is in a strictly level state; Step S14, Equipment Setup: Install fiber optic pressure sensors in the placement holes of the upper cover plate. Fill and seal the placement holes where fiber optic pressure sensors are not installed with expanding silicone sealant. Install a Doppler flow velocity sensor at the liquid inlet. Fix the industrial-grade 3D camera to the lifting frame and adjust its position. Place the binocular camera on the front side of the test chamber with its lens perpendicular to the rear cover plate of the test chamber. Connect the two cameras to the computer via a synchronous trigger. Place the test system in a visible light environment and fix all equipment to prevent vibration. Step S2: Grouting test under static water conditions; Step S21: Load the prepared slurry into the liquid receiving device, and connect the peristaltic pump, valve, Doppler flow sensor and liquid inlet of the test chamber in sequence through the rubber tube; Step S22: Start the peristaltic pump, adjust the slurry injection flow rate through the valve, record the injection speed with a Doppler flow velocity sensor, and collect slurry pressure data in the fracture with a fiber optic pressure sensor. Both types of data are transmitted to the computer through a multi-functional data acquisition module. At the same time, start the industrial-grade 3D camera and binocular camera, and use a synchronous trigger to control the frame rate of the two devices to be consistent, and collect real-time three-dimensional structural snapshots and dynamic diffusion videos of slurry displacement. Step S23: Based on real-time flow rate and pressure feedback, dynamically adjust the peristaltic pump parameters to simulate different grouting conditions. After the test, shut down the equipment and recover the grout through the outlet. Step S3: Grouting test under dynamic water conditions; Step S31: Replace the two side covers of the test chamber with water tanks. Connect the water inlet tank to an external water container. Open the pressure relief valve on the water inlet tank and inject water into the water inlet tank using the pressure difference. Monitor the water inlet flow rate through the flow meter. After the water inlet is completed, close the pressure relief valve and open the water outlet valve to form a stable dynamic water flow field. The pressure gauge monitors the water inlet pressure in real time. Step S32: Conduct grouting tests according to the grout injection and data acquisition methods in step S2, focusing on monitoring the displacement path and retention status of the grout under the dynamic water flow field; Step S4: Integrate flow velocity, pressure monitoring data and visualization images, and use numerical fitting, image recognition and similarity analysis techniques to analyze the migration velocity, morphological evolution characteristics, flow field distribution law in the fracture, pressure response mechanism and slurry displacement efficiency and residual characteristics of the slurry two-phase interface.

[0016] Therefore, this invention proposes a three-dimensional visualization test device and method for grouting fractured rock masses, the beneficial effects of which are as follows: (1) This invention uses a transparent box combined with an industrial-grade 3D camera, a binocular camera and multiple types of sensors to realize real-time visualization observation of the slurry displacement process in three-dimensional fractures and synchronous and accurate monitoring of key parameters such as flow rate and pressure. It has constructed a multi-dimensional data system, comprehensively analyzed the displacement mechanism, and made up for the shortcomings of traditional experiments that are difficult to observe directly and have single parameters.

[0017] (2) The present invention uses 3D printing + acrylic pad control technology to construct a three-dimensional fracture network close to the natural rock mass, and a horizontal calibration device to ensure the stability of the test. It also supports the switching between static water and dynamic water conditions. The modular design makes it easy to replace the fracture module to carry out multiple sets of tests, which greatly improves the similarity, repeatability and applicability of the test.

[0018] (3) The present invention effectively avoids grout leakage in high-pressure grouting or dynamic water environment through the combination sealing design of TPU waterproof film, expanding glass glue and reverse osmosis membrane. The device structure is detachable and easy to assemble, which not only reduces the difficulty of test operation, but also provides real and reliable test data support for grouting technology optimization, and has important engineering application value.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of a three-dimensional visualization test device for grouting fractured rock mass under static water conditions according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is an overall structural diagram of a three-dimensional visualization test device for grouting in fractured rock mass under dynamic water conditions, according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the front of the test chamber in this invention; Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the side of the test chamber in this invention; Figure 5 This is a simulation diagram of cracks with different gap widths in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring system in this invention; Figure 7 This is a structural breakdown diagram of the dynamic water environment simulation system in this invention.

[0021] Figure Labels 1. Test chamber; 2. Level; 3. Rotary wheel bolt one; 4. Rotary wheel bolt two; 5. Rotary wheel bolt three; 6. Baffle; 7. Lifting frame; 8. Industrial-grade 3D camera; 9. Binocular camera; 10. Liquid receiving device; 11. Peristaltic pump; 12. Valve; 13. Doppler flow velocity sensor; 14. Multifunctional data acquisition module; 15. Fiber optic pressure sensor; 16. Synchronous trigger; 17. Computer; 18. Water container; 19. Flow meter; 20. Water tank; 21. Pressure gauge; 22. Pressure relief valve; 23. Drain pipe; 24. Acrylic gasket; 25. Porous reverse osmosis partition. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the technical solutions, advantages, and objectives of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0024] Example 1 like Figures 1-7 As shown, the present invention provides a three-dimensional visualization test device for grouting of fractured rock mass, including: test chamber 1, liquid inlet and outlet system, monitoring system and dynamic water environment simulation component; The test chamber 1 is entirely made of transparent acrylic material and houses the core experimental module. The test chamber 1 includes an upper cover, a lower cover, a front cover, a rear cover, a baffle 6, and two side covers. The front and rear covers are fixedly connected to the lower cover. Two bolt holes are located on the upper part of both the baffle 6 and the rear cover, and two bolt holes are also located on both sides of the baffle 6 and the rear cover. Two rotating bolts 3 are located on both the front and rear sides of the upper cover, and these rotating bolts 3 align with the bolt holes on the upper part of the baffle 6 and the rear cover. Two rotating bolts 3 are located on both the front and rear sides of the two side covers. Wheel bolt 2 4, the wheel bolt 2 4 on the front and rear sides of the two side cover plates are connected to the bolt holes on both sides of the baffle 6 and the rear cover plate; a sliding groove is provided at the front of the upper cover plate and the two side cover plates, and wheel bolt 1 3 and wheel bolt 2 4 are respectively set in the sliding groove of the upper cover plate and the two side cover plates; the baffle 6 is set on the inner side of the front cover plate, and four wheel bolt 2 4 are set on the outer side of the front cover plate. Under the compression of the four wheel bolt 2 4 on the outer side of the front cover plate, the baffle 6 can fit more tightly with the core experimental module; wheel bolt 3 5 are also set at the four corners of the baffle 6 and the rear cover plate respectively.

[0025] The top cover plate has inlet and outlet ports located on both sides. It also has several placement holes for sensors. To ensure smooth connection between the inlet and outlet ports and easy sensor placement, and considering the limitations of different sensor linewidths, the inlet and outlet port diameters are selected as 8mm, and the sensor placement holes are 3-5mm. When drilling the sensor placement holes, it is important to ensure the holes can penetrate the cracks to facilitate timely monitoring of slurry displacement data within the cracks. The depth of the inlet and outlet ports should be 5cm above the top of the bottom surface of the model box to ensure that the injected slurry can evenly fill the cracks.

[0026] To improve the sealing performance of the test chamber 1, TPU waterproof film was pre-attached to the inner walls of all cover plates and baffles 6, which can effectively prevent the leakage of slurry.

[0027] The core experimental module inside the test chamber 1 is printed and assembled in sections using 3D printing technology. Acrylic gaskets 24 are bonded to the joints of the printed parts using fast-curing resin adhesive. By precisely controlling the bonding position of these gaskets, the direction and local opening of the cracks can be effectively adjusted. The thickness of the gaskets is usually selected in the range of 2-4 mm to simulate cracks of different widths, thus significantly improving the geometric similarity between the model and the natural rock mass.

[0028] To ensure the accuracy of the experimental results, the influence of gravity on the slurry displacement law caused by the tilt of the chamber must be eliminated. Therefore, a leveling device is installed at the bottom of the lower cover plate. This device mainly consists of four evenly distributed levels 2, which can be easily adjusted before and during the experiment to ensure that the chamber is strictly level.

[0029] The liquid inlet and outlet system includes a liquid receiving device 10, a peristaltic pump 11, a Doppler flow velocity sensor 13, a valve 12, and a liquid receiving device for outlet liquid. The liquid receiving device 10 is connected in sequence to the peristaltic pump 11, the valve 12, the Doppler flow velocity sensor 13, and the liquid inlet of the test chamber 1 via a rubber tube. The liquid outlet of the test chamber 1 is connected in sequence to the outlet valve and the liquid receiving device for outlet liquid. The peristaltic pump 11 can provide stable power, and the Doppler flow velocity sensor 13 can monitor the flow rate in real time. The valve 12 adjusts the valve opening and closing size in real time according to the displacement process to ensure that the slurry does not block the module cracks and realizes controllable fluid injection. The monitoring system includes an image acquisition unit and a data monitoring unit. The image acquisition unit consists of a lifting frame 7, an industrial-grade 3D camera 8, a binocular camera 9, and a synchronization trigger 16. The industrial-grade 3D camera 8 is located on the top of the lifting frame 7, and the binocular camera 9 is located on the front side of the test chamber 1. Both the industrial-grade 3D camera 8 and the binocular camera 9 are connected to the synchronization trigger 16 and connected to the computer 17. The data monitoring unit includes a fiber optic pressure sensor 15 and a multi-functional data acquisition module 14. The fiber optic pressure sensor 15 is located at the crack of the core experimental module and connected to the multi-functional data acquisition module 14. The multi-functional data acquisition module 14 is connected to the computer 17.

[0030] To study the displacement and retention patterns of slurry under dynamic water conditions, this application designs an integrated dynamic water environment simulation component, including a water tank 20, a water container 18, a pressure relief valve 22, a flow meter 19, a pressure gauge 21, and a porous reverse osmosis baffle 25. The water tank 20 includes an inlet tank and an outlet tank. The inlet tank is connected to the flow meter 19 and the water container 18 in sequence via rubber tubes. The pressure relief valve 22 and the pressure gauge 21 are located at the top of the inlet tank, and a drain pipe 23 is located at the bottom of the outlet tank. The core of this component is to replace the two side covers of the test chamber 1 with the inlet and outlet tanks. A porous reverse osmosis baffle 25 is installed between the inlet and outlet tanks and the test chamber 1, which can effectively block solid particles in the slurry from passing through, protecting the cleanliness and normal function of the water tank system. The inlet and outlet tanks are fixedly connected to the test chamber 1 and sealed by rotating bolts 35, ensuring the normal conduction of the dynamic water experiment.

[0031] Example 2 This invention also provides an experimental method based on a three-dimensional visualization test device for grouting in fractured rock masses, the specific steps of which are as follows: Step S1: Assembly and debugging of the experimental apparatus; Step S11, Core Experimental Module Preparation: Obtain the core experimental module components using 3D printing technology, attach acrylic gaskets at the component connection points and bond them with fast-curing resin adhesive to form a three-dimensional crack network with a preset opening and orientation. Step S12, Assembly of the test chamber: First, place the core experimental module into the lower cover plate of the test chamber, then install the side cover plates and baffles. Press the baffles against the core experimental module using the rotating bolts on the front cover plate, and then fix the side cover plates using the rotating bolts on the side cover plates. Finally, install the upper cover plate and fix and seal it using the rotating bolts. Step S13, Leveling: Adjust the level at the bottom of the test chamber to ensure that the test chamber is in a strictly level state; Step S14, Equipment Setup: Install fiber optic pressure sensors in the placement holes of the upper cover plate. Fill and seal the placement holes where fiber optic pressure sensors are not installed with expanding silicone sealant. Install a Doppler flow velocity sensor at the liquid inlet. Fix the industrial-grade 3D camera to the lifting frame and adjust its position. Place the binocular camera on the front side of the test chamber with its lens perpendicular to the rear cover plate of the test chamber. Connect the two cameras to the computer via a synchronous trigger. Place the test system in a visible light environment and fix all equipment to prevent vibration. Step S2: Grouting test under static water conditions; Step S21: Load the prepared slurry into the liquid receiving device, and connect the peristaltic pump, valve, Doppler flow sensor and liquid inlet of the test chamber in sequence through the rubber tube; Step S22: Start the peristaltic pump, adjust the slurry injection flow rate through the valve, record the injection speed with a Doppler flow velocity sensor, and collect slurry pressure data in the fracture with a fiber optic pressure sensor. Both types of data are transmitted to the computer through a multi-functional data acquisition module. At the same time, start the industrial-grade 3D camera and binocular camera, and use a synchronous trigger to control the frame rate of the two devices to be consistent, and collect real-time three-dimensional structural snapshots and dynamic diffusion videos of slurry displacement. Step S23: Based on real-time flow rate and pressure feedback, dynamically adjust the peristaltic pump parameters to simulate different grouting conditions. After the test, shut down the equipment and recover the grout through the outlet.

[0032] Step S3: Grouting test under dynamic water conditions; Step S31: Replace the two side covers of the test chamber with water tanks. Connect the water inlet tank to an external water container. Open the pressure relief valve on the water inlet tank and inject water into the water inlet tank using the pressure difference. Monitor the water inlet flow rate through the flow meter. After the water inlet is completed, close the pressure relief valve and open the water outlet valve to form a stable dynamic water flow field. The pressure gauge monitors the water inlet pressure in real time. Step S32: Conduct grouting tests according to the grout injection and data acquisition methods in step S2, focusing on monitoring the displacement path and retention status of the grout under the dynamic water flow field; Step S4: Integrate flow velocity, pressure monitoring data and visualization images, and use numerical fitting, image recognition and similarity analysis techniques to analyze the migration velocity, morphological evolution characteristics, flow field distribution law in the fracture, pressure response mechanism and slurry displacement efficiency and residual characteristics of the slurry two-phase interface.

[0033] It is worth noting that all contents not described in detail in this invention are existing technologies and are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0034] Therefore, this invention provides a three-dimensional visualization test device and method for grouting in fractured rock masses. Through three-dimensional visualization observation, multi-parameter collaborative monitoring, high-similarity fracture simulation, dual-condition adaptation, and modular design with reliable sealing, it realizes the accurate exploration of grout displacement law in complex fractured environments, effectively makes up for the limitations of traditional tests, greatly improves the reliability and applicability of the test, and provides important engineering application support for the optimization of grouting technology.

[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional visualization test device for grouting in fractured rock mass, characterized in that, include: Test chamber, liquid inlet / outlet system, monitoring system, and dynamic water environment simulation components; The test chamber is made entirely of transparent acrylic material and contains a core experimental module, including an upper cover, a lower cover, a front cover, a rear cover, a baffle, and two side covers. The front and rear covers are fixedly connected to the lower cover. The baffle is located on the inner side of the front cover, and four rotating wheel bolts are located on the outer side of the front cover. The upper cover has a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, distributed on both sides of the upper cover, and also has several sensor placement holes. The liquid inlet and outlet system includes a liquid-collecting device, a peristaltic pump, a Doppler flow sensor, a valve, and an outlet liquid-collecting device. The liquid-collecting device is connected in sequence to the peristaltic pump, the valve, the Doppler flow sensor, and the liquid inlet of the test chamber via a rubber tube. The liquid outlet of the test chamber is connected in sequence to the outlet valve and the outlet liquid-collecting device. The monitoring system includes an image acquisition unit and a data monitoring unit. The image acquisition unit consists of a lifting frame, an industrial-grade 3D camera, a binocular camera, and a synchronization trigger. The industrial-grade 3D camera is positioned on the top of the lifting frame, and the binocular camera is positioned on the front side of the test chamber. Both the industrial-grade 3D camera and the binocular camera are connected to the synchronization trigger and connected to a computer. The data monitoring unit includes a fiber optic pressure sensor and a multi-functional data acquisition module. The fiber optic pressure sensor is positioned at the crack in the core experimental module and connected to the multi-functional data acquisition module, which is connected to a computer.

2. The three-dimensional visualization test device for grouting in fractured rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The baffle and the rear cover are each provided with two bolt holes on their upper parts, and two bolt holes are also provided on both sides of the baffle and the rear cover; the upper cover is provided with two rotating bolts on both the front and rear sides, and the rotating bolts on the front and rear sides of the upper cover are connected to the bolt holes on the upper part of the baffle and the rear cover; the two side covers are provided with two rotating bolts on both the front and rear sides, and the rotating bolts on the front and rear sides of the two side covers are connected to the bolt holes on both sides of the baffle and the rear cover.

3. The three-dimensional visualization test device for grouting in fractured rock mass according to claim 2, characterized in that, The front of the upper cover plate and the two side cover plates are provided with sliding grooves, and the first rotating wheel bolt and the second rotating wheel bolt are respectively set in the sliding grooves of the upper cover plate and the two side cover plates.

4. The three-dimensional visualization test device for grouting in fractured rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The core experimental module is printed and assembled in sections using 3D printing technology, and acrylic gaskets are attached to the joints of the printed parts using fast-curing resin adhesive.

5. The three-dimensional visualization test device for grouting in fractured rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner walls of the upper cover, lower cover, baffle, rear cover, and two side covers are covered with a TPU waterproof film.

6. The three-dimensional visualization test device for grouting in fractured rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the lower cover plate is provided with a level calibration device, which consists of four evenly distributed levels.

7. The three-dimensional visualization test device for grouting in fractured rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that, Rotary wheel bolts are also provided at the four corners of the baffle and the rear cover.

8. The three-dimensional visualization test device for grouting in fractured rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic water environment simulation component includes a water tank, a water container, a pressure relief valve, a flow meter, a pressure gauge, and a porous reverse osmosis baffle. The water tank includes an inlet tank and an outlet tank. The inlet tank is connected to the flow meter and the water container in sequence via a rubber tube. The pressure relief valve and the pressure gauge are located at the top of the inlet tank. A drain pipe is provided at the bottom of the outlet tank.

9. The three-dimensional visualization test device for grouting in fractured rock mass according to claim 8, characterized in that, The inlet tank and the outlet tank are used to replace the two side covers of the test chamber. A porous reverse osmosis baffle is provided between the inlet tank and the outlet tank and the test chamber. The inlet tank and the outlet tank are fixedly connected to the test chamber and sealed by rotating bolts.

10. A test method based on a three-dimensional visualization test device for grouting in fractured rock mass, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: Step S1: Assembly and debugging of the experimental apparatus; Step S11, Core Experimental Module Preparation: Obtain the core experimental module components using 3D printing technology, attach acrylic gaskets at the component connection points and bond them with fast-curing resin adhesive to form a three-dimensional crack network with a preset opening and orientation. Step S12, Assembly of the test chamber: First, place the core experimental module into the lower cover plate of the test chamber, then install the side cover plates and baffles. Press the baffles against the core experimental module using the rotating bolts on the front cover plate, and then fix the side cover plates using the rotating bolts on the side cover plates. Finally, install the upper cover plate and fix and seal it using the rotating bolts. Step S13, Leveling: Adjust the level at the bottom of the test chamber to ensure that the test chamber is in a strictly level state; Step S14, Equipment Setup: Install fiber optic pressure sensors in the placement holes of the upper cover plate. Fill and seal the placement holes where fiber optic pressure sensors are not installed with expanding silicone sealant. Install a Doppler flow velocity sensor at the liquid inlet. Fix the industrial-grade 3D camera to the lifting frame and adjust its position. Place the binocular camera on the front side of the test chamber with its lens perpendicular to the rear cover plate of the test chamber. Connect the two cameras to the computer via a synchronous trigger. Place the test system in a visible light environment and fix all equipment to prevent vibration. Step S2: Grouting test under static water conditions; Step S21: Load the prepared slurry into the liquid receiving device, and connect the peristaltic pump, valve, Doppler flow sensor and liquid inlet of the test chamber in sequence through the rubber tube; Step S22: Start the peristaltic pump, adjust the slurry injection flow rate through the valve, record the injection speed with a Doppler flow velocity sensor, and collect slurry pressure data in the fracture with a fiber optic pressure sensor. Both types of data are transmitted to the computer through a multi-functional data acquisition module. At the same time, start the industrial-grade 3D camera and binocular camera, and use a synchronous trigger to control the frame rate of the two devices to be consistent, and collect real-time three-dimensional structural snapshots and dynamic diffusion videos of slurry displacement. Step S23: Based on real-time flow rate and pressure feedback, dynamically adjust the peristaltic pump parameters to simulate different grouting conditions. After the test, shut down the equipment and recover the grout through the outlet. Step S3: Grouting test under dynamic water conditions; Step S31: Replace the two side covers of the test chamber with water tanks. Connect the water inlet tank to an external water container. Open the pressure relief valve on the water inlet tank and inject water into the water inlet tank using the pressure difference. Monitor the water inlet flow rate through the flow meter. After the water inlet is completed, close the pressure relief valve and open the water outlet valve to form a stable dynamic water flow field. The pressure gauge monitors the water inlet pressure in real time. Step S32: Conduct grouting tests according to the grout injection and data acquisition methods in step S2, focusing on monitoring the displacement path and retention status of the grout under the dynamic water flow field; Step S4: Integrate flow velocity, pressure monitoring data and visualization images, and use numerical fitting, image recognition and similarity analysis techniques to analyze the migration velocity, morphological evolution characteristics, flow field distribution law in the fracture, pressure response mechanism and slurry displacement efficiency and residual characteristics of the slurry two-phase interface.

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