Method for dynamically monitoring and judging dormancy release in peach flower buds

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for dynamically monitoring and judging dormancy release in peach flower buds. According to the method, after a large amount of leaves of the peach tree fall, flower bud samples are continuously collected at a fixed frequency, and volatile announcements selected based on metabolism are detected by using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or a gas chromatography (GC) technology. And by tracking the dynamic change of the chromatographic signal intensity, capturing nodes where the metabolite is subjected to metabolite accumulation and qualitative change, and when it is monitored that the signal intensity has statistically significant explosive growth (Plt; 0.01), it is judged that the dormancy in the flower bud is removed. According to the method, a multi-level technical protection system from accurate qualification to convenient application is constructed, hysteresis and errors of traditional inner dormancy release time estimation are effectively avoided, and a scientific and objective chemical basis is provided for accurate judgment of greenhouse covering and temperature rising time in facility cultivation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural plant physiological monitoring technology, specifically to a method for dynamically monitoring and determining the release of dormancy in peach flower buds. Background Technology

[0002] Accurately determining the timing of peach tree flower bud dormancy release is crucial for mitigating the risks of late spring frosts and for effective field operations. This is especially true for early-maturing greenhouse cultivation, where accurate assessment of dormancy release is the most critical and scientific basis for deciding on the appropriate temperature for greenhouse cultivation. Once dormancy is released (chill requirements are met), the flower buds transition from a state of "hibernation" to "preparation for growth," but their growth is still inhibited by the low external temperatures, thus entering an ecological dormancy stage. Greenhouse cultivation involves artificially creating a warm spring environment to provide the heat needed for flower bud growth, thereby breaking ecological dormancy and promoting rapid bud sprouting, flowering, and fruiting. Therefore, dormancy release is the "starting gun" for greenhouse cultivation. If temperature is raised too early (chill requirements are not met), even with sufficient heat, flower buds may not sprout normally, or sprout unevenly, resulting in extremely low fruit set and reduced yields or even crop failure. The price of early-maturing peaches is closely related to their ripening and market availability. If temperature is raised too late, the optimal early spring market period will be missed, leading to decreased economic benefits. Therefore, determining the optimal time for greenhouse heating is a key step in ensuring high and stable yields in the peach industry. Modern agricultural precision management relies on accurate judgment of dormancy breaking, but traditional methods, which rely on experience, observation, and estimation models, have errors and lags, often causing time delays and affecting production and economic benefits.

[0003] In the prior art, Chinese patent document CN111487291A—"A Method for Efficiently Evaluating the Chilling Requirement of Peach Blossom Buds Based on Electronic Nose Detection Technology"—provides an efficient chilling requirement estimation scheme. However, this technology has inherent limitations: firstly, it provides a macroscopic and comprehensive "odor fingerprint" signal, which cannot reveal its intrinsic chemical basis, making it a "black box" operation; secondly, its final output target is the static trait of the variety's "chilling requirement," which is highly susceptible to climate influence and unstable, rather than the direct dynamic physiological state of whether the flower buds are "currently awakened from dormancy." Therefore, it is difficult to directly and accurately guide immediate agricultural operations.

[0004] This invention aims to address the aforementioned technical deficiencies by providing a method that can directly and accurately determine whether peach tree flower bud dormancy has ended based on a clearly defined chemical mechanism. The determination results of this method can be verified through industry-standard greenhouse hydroponic budding experiments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a method for dynamically monitoring and objectively determining the dormancy breakup time within peach tree flower buds. This method is not only accurate and reliable, but also constructs a multi-layered technical solution that balances scientific rigor with ease of application, making it easy to promote.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for dynamically monitoring and determining the release of dormancy in peach flower buds includes the following steps: a. Starting from the date when the average daily temperature first drops below 7.2℃ each autumn (0-7.2℃ model, for details refer to the article published by Zhang Minghao and Yan Juan et al. in the Journal of Fruit Science: Study on chilling and heat requirements of 103 peach germplasms in Nanjing. Journal of Fruit Science, 2021, 38(1), 29-39.), flower bud samples of the peach trees to be tested are collected regularly. b. Analyze the flower bud sample using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or gas chromatography to obtain chromatographic signal intensity data of at least one predetermined volatile compound; c. Continuously track, detect, record, and compare the chromatographic signal intensity data of the declared substance in each sampling; d. When an explosive increase in the chromatographic signal intensity of the declared substance is detected, it is determined that the dormancy in the flower buds of the variety has been broken; wherein, the explosive increase refers to the key node in which the metabolic accumulation of the declared substance undergoes a qualitative change, which is manifested by the fact that the chromatographic signal intensity data of the current detection is statistically significant when compared with all previous detection data by variance analysis, i.e., variance analysis P < 0.01.

[0007] Preferably, the peach trees to be tested are of the following varieties: 'Feicheng51-28', 'Shuanghongmi', 'Xiacui', 'Shuguang', 'Nanshan', or 'Tropicprince'; the corresponding volatile compounds are: 'Feicheng51-28' and 'Xiacui': Butanal, 3-methyl- or Cyclobutanol, 2-ethyl- or 5-Cyano-1-pentene or Propanal, 2-methyl-; 'Shuguang': Butanal, 3-methyl- or Cyclobutanol, 2-ethyl-; 'Shuanghongmi': 5-Cyano-1-pentene or Hexanenitrile; 'Tropicprince': (3S,3aS,8aR)-6,8a-Dimethyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,2,3,3a,4,5,8,8a-octahydroazulene; 'Nanshan': Propanal, 2-methyl-.

[0008] Preferably, when gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is used, the chromatographic signal intensity is the mass spectrometry peak area or peak height; when gas chromatography is used, the chromatographic signal intensity is the chromatographic peak area or peak height.

[0009] Preferably, the frequency of periodic sampling is once every 3-5 days until the dormancy period is determined to be over.

[0010] The preferred criterion for a significantly higher value is that the analysis of variance (ANOVA) reaches a highly significant level, p < 0.01.

[0011] This invention also discloses a method for determining the time required for covering and heating the greenhouse during early-maturing peach cultivation. According to the above method, 6-10 healthy flower buds of the same variety of peach trees are randomly collected in the facility, and 10-25 healthy and plump flower buds are collected from each tree. After being mixed evenly, they are divided into at least 3 biological replicates for testing. When at least 2 replicates are determined to have broken the inner dormancy, the greenhouse covering and heating operation is carried out.

[0012] The core idea of ​​this invention for determining the release of dormancy in peach flower buds lies in the following: after the average temperature first drops to 7.2℃ on a certain day in late autumn, continuous monitoring of volatile substances is conducted. By capturing the dynamic characteristic of the "explosive growth" of specific markers, the physiological moment of dormancy release can be accurately defined. Existing technologies cannot predict that a specific substance will experience an explosive growth at the moment of dormancy release; this is a unique physiological indicator, rather than a simple linear accumulation.

[0013] The significance of this invention lies in providing a scalable, multi-layered technical approach: 1. High-precision qualitative approach: In the method establishment and compound qualitative stages, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is used to ensure the uniqueness and accuracy of the identified compound by comparing mass spectra, laying a solid scientific foundation for the entire method.

[0014] 2. Economical application path: In subsequent large-scale and routine application monitoring, after those skilled in the art have determined the chromatographic retention time of the declared substance through standard products, they can use gas chromatography (GC) technology, which is lower in cost and easier to operate, to track the signal intensity.

[0015] Both of the above technical approaches can effectively capture the dynamic characteristics of the "explosive growth" of volatile declared substances upon which this invention relies, thereby constructing a complete technical protection system from precise qualitative analysis to convenient application. This system lays a solid technical foundation for the commercialization of this technology (e.g., developing dedicated test kits or portable field monitoring devices for specific declared substances) and demonstrates broad prospects for industrial application.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Direct and objective determination, avoiding individual differences and environmental interference: By continuously monitoring the dynamic changes of specific volatile substances, this invention, for the first time, uses the objective chemical dynamic indicator of "explosive growth" of screened volatile substances as a signal of the end of dormancy, achieving a breakthrough from "static estimation" to "dynamic monitoring" and from "indirect inference" to "direct determination." Furthermore, compared to traditional electronic noses or absolute content detection, the "explosive growth" dynamic determination strategy adopted in this invention effectively eliminates baseline background noise interference caused by differences in tree nutritional status and minor annual climate fluctuations. Even if the baseline content varies from year to year, the trend of "surge" remains constant.

[0017] 2. It can be directly applied to guide the timing of warming in greenhouse cultivation. In greenhouse cultivation, the breaking of internal dormancy is a necessary and sufficient condition for covering the greenhouse and raising the temperature. This patented technology aims to solve the pain point of traditional methods (such as estimation models and phenological observation) being unable to accurately determine the "breaking time," precisely and promptly capturing this "breaking" signal, thus pushing the management of greenhouse peaches from "experience-based estimation" to a new stage of precision agriculture based on "data-driven decision-making." According to the patented method of this invention, by monitoring the "explosive growth" of chemical markers, it means that the core low-temperature requirement barrier has been cleared and the warming conditions are basically mature, providing a judgment at the moment of physiological transition or in a very short time. That is, it provides a clear start window, rather than a vague time point. After confirming the breaking of internal dormancy, immediately covering the greenhouse and raising the temperature is far less risky than waiting. This is the most direct and efficient way to utilize time, providing managers with clear data support on "when is the most scientific time to cover the greenhouse and raise the temperature," avoiding blindness and misjudgment. It is especially suitable for modern parks with precise monitoring technology.

[0018] 3. High production stability and improved economic benefits: The method of this invention has been verified in production. On the one hand, it can effectively avoid the major production risk of "flowering without fruit setting" caused by blindly raising temperatures before dormancy is fully broken; on the other hand, it can effectively avoid the risk of delayed ripening and late market entry caused by delayed temperature increases. It can ensure stable production and early market entry of greenhouse peaches, and has great potential to increase economic benefits.

[0019] 4. Flexible technical approach and easy to promote: By designing a technical solution that combines GC-MS and GC in parallel, the application threshold and cost of this method are significantly reduced while ensuring scientific rigor, making it possible to popularize it in large-scale orchards.

[0020] 5. Laying the foundation for technology commercialization: This invention provides a clear declaration, clear criteria, and an economical technical path, providing a clear direction for the subsequent development of commercial products such as dedicated test kits and portable field monitoring instruments, and greatly promoting the transformation of this achievement into market applications.

[0021] 6. Clear mechanism: This method is based on the solid physiological and biochemical foundation of "the strong activation of specific metabolic pathways after the release of dormancy", thus getting rid of the "black box" operation. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a heatmap showing the accumulation patterns of the differentially volatile substances screened from each variety in Example 1 during and after dormancy.

[0023] Figure 2 Two volatile precursors shared by the three varieties 'Feicheng51-28' (fc), 'Xiacui' (xc), and 'Shuguang' (sg) in Example 1 exhibited a typical "explosive growth" pattern after dormancy was broken. In the pairwise comparisons between stages, *** indicates extremely significant difference (p < 0.001), ** indicates extremely significant difference (p < 0.01), * indicates significant difference (p < 0.05), and no sign indicates no significant difference. The figure shows that the signal intensity jump at the dormancy break point all reached a level of p < 0.01 or more significant, meeting the criteria of this invention.

[0024] Figure 3 In Example 1, the three varieties 'Feicheng51-28' (fc), 'Xiacui' (xc), and 'Shuanghongmi' (sh) shared a single volatile precipitant, exhibiting a typical "explosive growth" pattern after dormancy was broken. In the pairwise comparisons between stages, *** indicates extremely significant difference (p < 0.001), ** indicates extremely significant difference (p < 0.01), * indicates significant difference (p < 0.05), and no sign indicates no significant difference. The figure shows that the signal intensity jump at the dormancy break point all reached a level of p < 0.01 or more significant, meeting the criteria of this invention.

[0025] Figure 4In Example 1, the three varieties 'Feicheng51-28' (fc), 'Xiacui' (xc), and 'Nanshan' (ns) shared a single volatile precipitant, exhibiting a typical "explosive growth" pattern after dormancy was broken. In the pairwise comparisons between stages, *** indicates extremely significant difference (p < 0.001), ** indicates extremely significant difference (p < 0.01), * indicates significant difference (p < 0.05), and no sign indicates no significant difference. The figure shows that the signal intensity jump at the dormancy break point all reached a level of p < 0.01 or more significant, meeting the criteria of this invention.

[0026] Figure 5 In Example 1, each of the specific volatile progenitors of 'Shuanghongmi' (sh) and 'Tropicprince' (tr) exhibited a typical "explosive growth" pattern after dormancy was broken. In the pairwise comparisons between stages, *** indicates a highly significant difference (p < 0.001), ** indicates a highly significant difference (p < 0.01), * indicates a significant difference (p < 0.05), and no sign indicates no significant difference. The figure shows that the signal intensity jump at the dormancy break point all reached a level of p < 0.01 or more significant, meeting the criteria of this invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This describes the accumulation pattern of the specific marker for 'Shuanghongmi' (sh) in Example 1 during dormancy and release in six varieties. The marker exhibited significant explosive growth only in 'Shuanghongmi' (p < 0.01); while in the other five non-specific varieties, there was no significant change in signal intensity before and after dormancy release (p > 0.05) or no explosive growth meeting the definition, thus verifying the variety specificity of the marker. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0029] Example 1: Identification of volatile markers of dormancy release in peach flower buds and their dynamic characteristics The purpose of this embodiment is to establish declared substances for dynamic monitoring and to clarify the typical characteristics of their "explosive growth". This embodiment uses GC-TOF-MS technology to achieve accurate identification of declared substances and to provide a basis for the entire method.

[0030] 1. Materials and Methods: For six peach varieties with known chilling requirements—'Feicheng51-28' (fc), 'Shuanghongmi' (sh), 'Xiacui' (xc), 'Shuguang' (sg), 'Nanshan' (ns), and 'Tropicprince' (tr)—on November 22, 2020, the date on which the average daily temperature first dropped below 7.2℃, chilling requirements were determined for each variety at 0h, 1 / 3 chilling requirement, 2 / 3 chilling requirement, 3 / 3 chilling requirement, and 4 / 3 chilling requirement (specific sampling times were determined by referring to the inventors' article Yan J, Zhang MH, Peng B, Su ZW, Xu JL, Cai ZX, Yang J, MaRJ, Yu ML, Shen ZJ. Predicting chilling requirement of peach floral buds using electronic nose. Sci. Hortic. 2021; 290(2): Flower bud samples were collected on May 17, 1105. The first four stages (represented by -1, -2, -3, and -4) represent the dormancy process, and the fifth stage (represented by -5) represents the successful breaking of dormancy. Each stage of sample collection was performed in triplicate. GC-TOF-MS was used for analysis, combined with the AMDIS program, utilizing the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) commercial database and the Wiley Registry metabolomics database. 2-Octanol was used as an internal standard at a concentration of 10 μg / mL. Qualitative analysis and internal standard normalization quantification of endogenous volatile organic compounds were performed. A total of 241 (fc), 199 (sh), 186 (xc), 150 (sg), 117 (ns), and 202 (tr) endogenous volatile organic compounds were obtained, along with their relative concentrations, expressed as normalized intensity.

[0031] Results and Analysis: Based on multivariate (VIP>1) and univariate (p<0.01, FDR<0.1) statistical criteria, differentially metabolized substances at each stage of each variety were screened, identifying 19 (fc), 2 (sh), 11 (xc), 13 (sg), 3 (ns), and 1 (tr) (a total of 49) high-confidence differentially volatile substances (Table 1). Furthermore, the accumulation patterns of each differentially volatile substance in the five stages were clarified. Figure 1The screening of specific markers began. The first step involved comparing and screening candidate specific markers among these differential metabolites. These candidates exhibited a dynamic pattern of explosive growth after dormancy, with the content of the metabolites in stage 5 (dormant stage) being significantly higher than that in the other four dormant stages (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001, ** or ***). Furthermore, the four dormant stages showed no significant difference from each other, or the difference was only p < 0.05 (*). The second step considered the uniformity, convenience, and universality of future use of specific markers. Based on the results of the first step, if a variety had multiple candidate metabolites, the candidate metabolites shared with the maximum number of other varieties were selected as the final specific markers. The third step aimed to ensure selectivity and flexibility in application, ensuring that each variety had at least two specific markers. The final identified specific markers are shown in Table 2. Specifically, varieties FC, XC, and SG share the same two aliphatic-specific excipients, including the aliphatic aldehyde Butanal (3-methyl-) and the aliphatic alcohol Cyclobutanol (2-ethyl-); varieties FC, XC, and SH share the same nitrile-specific excipient 5-Cyano-1-pentene; and varieties FC, XC, and NS share the same aliphatic aldehyde-specific excipient Propanal (2-methyl-). Additionally, variety SH possesses its own unique excipient, the nitrile Hexanenitrile, while variety TR has only one unique excipient, the sesquiterpene (3S,3aS,8aR)-6,8a-Dimethyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,2,3,3a,4,5,8,8a-octahydroazulene. The excipients for each variety are ultimately determined as shown in Table 2; the accumulation patterns of each excipient before and after dormancy release are as follows: Figure 2-5 As shown, all exhibited a trend of low signal intensity during the dormancy period, followed by a sudden surge in signal intensity during the dormancy release phase, demonstrating a typical "explosive growth" pattern after dormancy release. The p-values ​​for significant differences all reached the 0.01 level (**) and even 0.001 level (***). Therefore, this dynamic of "explosive growth" is defined as a marker for dormancy release. The specific markers of each variety accumulate differently in varieties that do not possess these markers, and they completely lack the dynamic pattern of stable low levels during dormancy followed by "explosive growth" after dormancy release. In other words, they completely lack the dormancy release marker function. For example, see Hexanenitrile from SH. Figure 6 .

[0032] Table 1. High-confidence differential volatile data for each variety Table 2: Dormancy-breaking markers for six peach varieties Example 2: Application of dynamic monitoring methods to determine and verify the dormancy breaking of the 'Tropicprince' peach variety, and to guide greenhouse heating and production verification. Monitoring will begin on November 13, 2023, the date on which the average daily temperature first drops below 7.2°C.

[0033] 2. Regular Sampling and Testing: Every 5 days, 100 flower bud samples were randomly collected from 6-10 trees, mixed thoroughly, and tripled. Using GC-MS, the peak area of ​​(3S,3aS,8aR)-6,8a-Dimethyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,2,3,3a,4,5,8,8a-octahydroazulene was precisely located and detected by comparing mass spectra. The fresh weight of each flower bud sample tested was 0.25g.

[0034] 3. To confirm the consistency between the results of this method and the physiological state of flower buds, a simultaneous greenhouse hydroponic germination experiment was conducted as a reference. Each time flower bud samples were collected, branches were simultaneously collected and hydroponically cultured in a greenhouse for 12 days under conditions of 20-25°C and 60-70% humidity, and the germination of flower buds was observed. When more than 50% of the flower buds showed green or red blossoms and opened, it indicated that the dormancy of the collected branches had been successfully broken. The flower bud state after each hydroponic period was correlated with the chromatographic peak area of ​​(3S,3aS,8aR)-6,8a-Dimethyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,2,3,3a,4,5,8,8a-octahydroazulene in the flower bud sample.

[0035] 4. Dynamic Tracking and Judgment: Plot the dynamic change curves of the peak area data from each GC-MS detection in chronological order (see...). Figure 5 (in the form of...), and corresponding to the germination state of flower buds after each branch hydroponics in the greenhouse, as described below.

[0036] First time (November 13): The peak area of ​​all three replicates was at a low level of 0, 0, 0; there was no significant change in flower buds after culture. Second time (November 18): The peak area of ​​all three replicates was at a low level of 0, 0, 0; there was no significant change in flower buds after culture. Third time (November 23): The peak area of ​​the three replicates was at a low level of 0, 0, and 22; there was no significant change in flower buds after culture. Fourth time (November 28): The peak area of ​​the three replicates was at a low level of 0, 0, and 57; about 20% of the flower buds sprouted and showed green after culture. The fifth time (December 3): The peak area of ​​the three replicates suddenly increased, reaching a high level of 423, 668 and 1731, which was significantly higher than A (p < 0.001); after cultivation, about 80% of the flower buds sprouted and showed green or red color and bloomed.

[0037] 5. Conclusion: Given the explosive increase in the signal intensity of (3S,3aS,8aR)-6,8a-Dimethyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,2,3,3a,4,5,8,8a-octahydroazulene detected in the 5th sampling, and the verification through greenhouse cultivation that the flower buds at the time of the 5th sampling could bloom normally under greenhouse cultivation, i.e., this time point is consistent with the dormancy release point determined by the greenhouse hydroponic reference experiment, it is determined that the signal intensity of (3S,3aS,8aR)-6,8a-Dimethyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,2,3,3a,4,5,8,8a-octahydroazulene, i.e., the peak area jump reached the extremely significant standard on December 3, indicating that the flower buds of the 'Tropicprince' peach tree have completed the release from dormancy and can proceed with subsequent greenhouse covering and heating operations.

[0038] 6. Verification of the effect of greenhouse heating and production To systematically verify the superiority of determining the timing of heating according to the method of this invention, the following three treatment groups were established for comparison: Treatment group (method of the present invention): Based on the conclusion of step 4, the greenhouse was covered and the temperature was raised on December 3.

[0039] Control group 1 (late heating): Based on local traditional experience, the greenhouse was covered and the temperature was raised on December 13 (10 days later than the date of determination of this invention).

[0040] Control Group 2 (Premature Heating): After the third sampling (November 23), because the signal of the declared substance did not show a significant increase, in order to simulate blind decision-making, the greenhouse was covered and the temperature was raised ahead of schedule on November 25 (8 days earlier than the determination date of this invention).

[0041] All treatments were managed according to local standard techniques, and phenological stages and yield indicators were tracked and recorded. The results are as follows: Budding and flowering: Flower buds in the treatment group sprouted uniformly, flowering was concentrated, with no obvious aborted flowers, and the peak flowering period was about 7 days earlier than that in control group 1. Flower buds in control group 2 sprouted unevenly, with an aborted flower rate as high as 52%, and the peak flowering period was about 17 days later than that in the treatment group.

[0042] Fruit setting and fruit development: After physiological fruit drop, the average fruit setting rate of the treatment group was comparable to that of control group 1, and the young fruits developed uniformly. The fruit setting rate of control group 2 was significantly lower, and the young fruits were uneven in size.

[0043] Maturity period: The fruit in the treatment group matured approximately 5 days earlier than that in control group 1, allowing for a better chance of securing a larger market share and maximizing profits. Control group 2 matured 12 days later than the treatment group, and its fruit quality was poor with lower yields.

[0044] Conclusion: The above comparative results show that the timing of dormancy release (December 3rd) determined by the method of this invention for covering the greenhouse and raising the temperature not only physiologically ensures normal flowering and fruit setting of flower buds, but also achieves comprehensive advantages in terms of agronomic traits, such as uniform budding, stable fruit setting, and early fruit ripening and market availability. It perfectly avoids the dual risks of low fruit setting rate caused by "raising the temperature too early" and delayed market availability caused by "raising the temperature too late", and has great potential to increase economic benefits.

[0045] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0046] As will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, the core of this invention lies in the discovery and utilization of the common physiological and biochemical event of the 'explosive growth' of specific volatile metabolites when dormancy is broken in flower buds, and the revelation that there are volatile specific markers for the breaking of dormancy in peach trees, with some varieties even having the same markers, and the successful transformation of this discovery into an operable technical solution.

[0047] Based on this core discovery, for other peach varieties with similar chilling requirements to the six varieties described in this invention, or those confirmed to contain similar specific markers, those skilled in the art can determine their unique markers or those shared with the aforementioned varieties through a metabolomics screening process similar to that in Example 1, without any inventive effort. They can also monitor their dormancy release state by following the dynamic monitoring and judgment process provided by this invention. That is, those skilled in the art can determine the corresponding markers for other varieties using known technical means based on the screening strategy provided by this invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution within the scope and core principles of this invention, utilizing the general correlation between the type of specific marker and dormancy state disclosed in this invention (including applying the method to other varieties that conform to the metabolic strategy classification), should be considered within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for dynamically monitoring and determining the release of dormancy in peach flower buds, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: a. Starting from the date when the average daily temperature first drops below 7.2℃ each autumn, flower bud samples of the peach trees to be tested will be collected regularly; b. Analyze the flower bud sample using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or gas chromatography to obtain chromatographic signal intensity data of at least one predetermined volatile compound; c. Continuously track, detect, record, and compare the chromatographic signal intensity data of the declared substance in each sampling; d. When an explosive increase in the chromatographic signal intensity of the declared substance is detected, it is determined that the dormancy in the flower buds of the variety has been broken; wherein, the explosive increase is manifested by the fact that the chromatographic signal intensity data of the current detection is statistically significant when compared with all previous detection data by analysis of variance, i.e., the analysis of variance P < 0.

01.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The peach tree varieties to be tested and their corresponding varieties are: 'Feicheng51-28', 'Shuanghongmi', 'Xiacui', 'Shuguang', 'Nanshan', or 'Tropicprince'; the corresponding volatile compounds are: 'Feicheng51-28' and 'Xiacui': at least one of Butanal, 3-methyl- or Cyclobutanol, 2-ethyl- or 5-Cyano-1-pentene or Propanal, 2-methyl-; 'Shuguang': at least one of Butanal, 3-methyl- or Cyclobutanol, 2-ethyl-; 'Shuanghongmi': at least one of 5-Cyano-1-pentene or Hexanenitrile; 'Tropicprince': (3S,3aS,8aR)-6,8a-Dimethyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,2,3,3a,4,5,8,8a-octahydroazulene; 'Nanshan': Propanal, 2-methyl-.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is used, the chromatographic signal intensity is the mass spectrometry peak area or peak height; when gas chromatography is used, the chromatographic signal intensity is the chromatographic peak area or peak height.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frequency of periodic sampling is once every 3-5 days until the dormancy period is determined to be over.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The criterion for a significantly higher value is that the analysis of variance (ANOVA) reaches a highly significant level, p < 0.

01.

6. A method for determining the time required for temperature rise during greenhouse cultivation of peaches to promote early growth, characterized in that... According to any one of claims 1-5, 6-10 healthy flower buds of the same variety of peach trees are randomly collected in the facility, and 10-25 healthy and plump flower buds are collected from each tree. After being mixed evenly, they are divided into at least 3 biological replicates for testing. The fresh weight of the flower buds in each test is guaranteed to be consistent. When at least 2 replicates are determined to have broken the dormancy, the greenhouse covering and heating operation is carried out.

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