Broken line detection device and detection method for signal line of ship automation system

Abstract

The invention discloses a broken line detection device of a ship automation system signal line, which comprises a detection sampling unit, a processor, a channel selection circuit, a communication unit and a prompt alarm unit, and is characterized in that the processor is respectively connected with the detection sampling unit, the channel selection circuit, the communication unit and the prompt alarm unit. The detection sampling unit is connected with a ship emergency relay, collects original signals of 24VDC power supply voltage and 220VAC power supply voltage and transmits the original signals to the processor, the channel selection circuit transmits channel configuration information to the processor, and the communication unit transmits result information from the processor to an upper computer through the Ethernet and RS485 and transmits a control instruction from the upper computer to the processor. When the prompt alarm unit receives the high-level signal, an external alarm device is triggered to give an alarm prompt, the microprocessor carries out logic judgment, a specific fault channel can be rapidly identified and positioned, and the maintenance efficiency is improved. The invention further discloses a detection method of the broken line detection device based on the ship automation system signal line.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of detection circuit technology, and in particular to a device for detecting broken wires in signal lines of a ship automation system. Background Technology

[0002] As the shipping industry transforms towards intelligence and green development, the electrification and automation levels of ship power systems, control systems, and auxiliary systems have achieved a leapfrog improvement. The integration of various electrical equipment and automation devices is constantly increasing, and the corresponding signal and control line networks are becoming increasingly large and complex. This places unprecedentedly stringent requirements on the real-time and accurate monitoring of line status.

[0003] More importantly, ships operate in extreme marine environments for extended periods, facing the combined effects of multiple harsh conditions, including high corrosion, strong vibration, and complex electromagnetic interference. In the marine atmosphere, high salt spray and high humidity easily lead to aging of wiring insulation and corrosion of metal conductors, especially in enclosed or semi-enclosed spaces such as engine rooms and cargo holds, where corrosion is more pronounced. Continuous vibrations during navigation, as well as impact loads during berthing and loading / unloading, can cause loose wiring joints, cable wear, and even breakage. Simultaneously, radar, communication equipment, and power units on board generate strong electromagnetic radiation, creating complex electromagnetic interference fields that can easily interfere with weak signal detection from wiring. The signal lines of many critical devices on ships are widely distributed, scattered, and hidden. Once a fault occurs in these critical lines, due to the lack of effective real-time monitoring and precise location methods, maintenance personnel often need to spend hours or even days conducting a comprehensive investigation, which not only severely delays maintenance response efficiency and increases operating costs but also directly threatens the ship's navigational safety.Moreover, the widely used traditional circuit testing technologies have many insurmountable limitations: In terms of circuit structure design, traditional testing technologies generally use discrete components to build multi-channel testing circuits. This design directly leads to an extremely complex circuit structure and redundant components, which not only makes the overall size and weight of the device large and heavy, making it difficult to adapt to the small and dispersed installation space on ships, but also significantly increases production costs and assembly difficulty. It also increases the risk of the entire testing system failing due to the failure of a single component. In terms of anti-interference performance, the reliability of traditional testing technologies is seriously insufficient. There are many strong electromagnetic interference sources in areas such as the engine room and bridge of ships, such as electromagnetic radiation generated by diesel generators, harmonic interference generated by frequency converters, and high-frequency signals emitted by radar equipment. The signal transmission links of traditional testing circuits lack effective electromagnetic shielding design, and the detection signals are mostly weak analog signals, which are easily affected by external electromagnetic interference, leading to deviations in the detection results and causing false alarms or missed alarms. In terms of scalability, traditional testing... The devices have significant shortcomings. The number of channels in most traditional detection devices is fixed during the design phase. Their hardware circuits and interface configurations are customized for a specific number of channels, making it impossible to flexibly expand or reduce them according to the needs of actual application scenarios. Moreover, when upgrading equipment or modifying lines later, it may be necessary to increase the number of detection channels. However, this fixed channel design of traditional detection devices makes them unable to flexibly adapt to the needs of different ships and different line monitoring scenarios, resulting in extremely poor versatility. Users have to customize and develop dedicated detection devices according to specific needs, further increasing the cost and cycle of use. In terms of fault location and ease of maintenance, most traditional detection devices lack effective fault location indication functions. They can only simply indicate the existence of a line fault, but cannot accurately identify the specific fault channel number. Although some devices have some fault location functions, the indication method is extremely complex. Maintenance personnel need to refer to cumbersome manuals, measure parameters of multiple test points, and analyze complex circuit diagrams to gradually narrow down the fault range and finally locate the fault location. This complex fault location method requires extremely high professional skills from maintenance personnel and is time-consuming and labor-intensive, which significantly reduces the efficiency of fault repair, prolongs equipment downtime, and further exacerbates the safety risks and economic losses of ship operations.

[0004] Traditional detection technologies employ discrete components to construct multi-channel detection circuits, resulting in complex circuit structures, numerous components, large overall size, and high production costs. In complex industrial electromagnetic environments, detection signals are susceptible to interference, leading to false alarms or missed alarms and insufficient reliability. Most detection devices have poor scalability, with a fixed number of channels, making it difficult to flexibly adapt to the needs of different application scenarios. The lack of effective fault location indicators, or the complex indication methods, prevents maintenance personnel from quickly identifying and locating specific faulty channels, reducing maintenance efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a device for detecting the disconnection of signal lines in a ship automation system. This device uses a sampling unit, a processor, a channel selection circuit, a communication unit, and an alarm unit to detect the line status of the ship's emergency relays in real time.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0007] A device for detecting broken signal lines in a ship automation system includes: a detection sampling unit, a processor, a channel selection circuit, a communication unit, and an alarm unit. The processor is connected to the detection sampling unit, the channel selection circuit, the communication unit, and the alarm unit.

[0008] The detection sampling unit is connected to the ship's emergency relay to collect the raw signals of the 24VDC and 220VAC power supply voltages and transmit them to the processor. The raw signals are voltage signals that characterize the circuit status of the ship's emergency relay.

[0009] The channel selection circuit transmits channel configuration information to the processor. The processor combines the channel configuration information with the voltage signal to perform fault logic judgment on the enabled channel and outputs a control signal to the channel selection circuit. The channel configuration information is the channel enable or disable configuration switch information, and the control signal is the high and low level combination signal output by the processor after making a logical judgment to control the switching of the read object.

[0010] The communication unit is connected to the host computer and is used to transmit result information from the processor to the host computer via Ethernet and RS485. It is also used to transmit control commands from the host computer to the processor. The result information includes the status data of the detection channel, the channel configuration information, and the device working status. The status data is the status judgment result data of each channel, including online, disconnected, short-circuited, and emergency switch closed status. The control commands are the channel configuration parameter modification command, the device restart command, and the detection threshold calibration command.

[0011] When the alarm unit receives a high-level signal from the processor, it triggers an external alarm device to issue an alarm notification.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0013] The detection sampling unit simultaneously detects both 24VDC and 220VAC relay disconnections, safely and accurately converting the high-voltage AC signals from external relays into low-voltage DC signals recognizable by the processor. It boasts strong versatility, robust common-mode interference resistance, and adaptability to the complex electromagnetic environment of ships. The channel selection circuit supports independent configuration of 16 channels, allowing redundant channels to be disabled as needed, reducing processor workload and enabling on-demand activation of the 16 detection channels. This improves device adaptability, avoids data interference from redundant channels, and optimizes detection efficiency. The microprocessor's logical judgment enables rapid identification and location of specific faulty channels, improving maintenance efficiency. A communication unit facilitates bidirectional communication between the processor and the host computer, featuring strong anti-interference capabilities and high stability, enabling remote monitoring by the host computer.

[0014] More preferably, the detection sampling unit includes:

[0015] The external detection circuit is connected to the ship's emergency relay via 16 lines. Under 24VDC and 220VAC power supply voltages, it detects the signal of the ship's emergency relay line status as the raw signal and converts the raw signal into a voltage signal corresponding to the status.

[0016] The sampling circuit is located at the output of the external detection circuit. Its acquisition end is connected to the external detection circuit through 16 channels, and its output end is connected to the processor. It is used to convert the voltage signal into a standard signal and transmit it to the processor. The standard signal is a voltage signal that the processor can accept.

[0017] Using the above technical solution, the external detection circuit is compatible with voltage detection for both types of ship power supply methods. It converts the physical state of the ship's emergency relay circuit into an acquireable voltage signal, providing the original signal basis for subsequent sampling and judgment, and flexibly matching the needs of different ship equipment. The sampling circuit is connected to the external detection circuit to achieve 16-channel fault detection, which is more suitable for the complex electromagnetic environment of ships.

[0018] More preferably, the sampling circuit includes: resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11; capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4; and an operational amplifier. One end of resistor R3 is connected to the corresponding channel LX of the external detection circuit, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R4. The other end of resistor R4 is connected to the operational amplifier. Resistor R7 is connected to resistor R8 for calibrating the signal attenuation factor. Resistor R11 is connected to the feedback loop of the operational amplifier to adjust the amplification and attenuation ratio. Resistor R6 and capacitor C1 form an RC filter to filter out noise in the output signal.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the sampling circuit can safely and accurately convert high DC voltage and high AC voltage into low DC voltage signals that the processor can accept, thus ensuring the safe acquisition of fault data.

[0020] More preferably, the channel selection circuit includes:

[0021] The DIP switch SW1 has a signal output terminal connected to a first level conversion chip, and resistors R12-R20 and capacitors C13-C20 are connected between the switch and the first level conversion chip, respectively.

[0022] DIP switch SW2 has a signal output terminal connected to a second level conversion chip, and resistors R22-R30 and capacitors C22-C29 are connected between it and the second level conversion chip respectively. DIP switches SW1 and SW2 are the reading objects.

[0023] Both the first and second level conversion chips are connected to the processor and are used to transmit the channel configuration information of the 8 channels to the processor. The processor is used to output control signals to the first and second level conversion chips.

[0024] Using the above technical solution, a 16-bit DIP switch is formed by DIP switch SW1 and DIP switch SW2, which can set the corresponding detection channel to be enabled and disabled. It supports flexible expansion and independent configuration of 16 channels, realizes the on-demand activation of 16 detection channels, has strong anti-common-mode interference capability, improves device adaptability, avoids interference from redundant channel signals, and optimizes detection efficiency.

[0025] Further optimized, the communication unit includes:

[0026] The NET interface circuit is connected to the processor via pins and is used to transmit result information to the host computer via Ethernet.

[0027] The RS485 interface circuit is connected to the processor via pins. When the NET interface circuit fails, the result information is transmitted to the host computer via the RS485 bus.

[0028] The NET interface circuit and RS485 interface circuit are also used to transmit control commands issued by the host computer to the processor.

[0029] Using the above technical solution, the NET interface circuit converts the processor's UART serial signal into an Ethernet signal, enabling a network connection with the host computer on the ship. This adapts to the large space layout of ships and achieves long-distance transmission. When the NET interface fails, differential serial communication between the processor and the host computer is achieved through the RS485 interface circuit, which has extremely strong anti-common-mode interference capabilities and is suitable for the complex electromagnetic environment of ships.

[0030] Further optimized, the alarm unit includes:

[0031] The indicator light output circuit is connected to the processor and is used to receive high-level signals from the processor and display indicator lights corresponding to each channel.

[0032] The fault relay output circuit is connected to the processor and is used to receive the high-level signal from the processor and trigger an external alarm device to output a fault alarm signal.

[0033] The above technical solution makes the status of channel fault detection visible, with the light on or off directly corresponding to abnormal or normal conditions, eliminating the need for complex operations and improving maintenance efficiency; in the fault relay output circuit, when any detection channel experiences a disconnection or short circuit, the fault alarm relay will activate immediately to trigger an alarm, providing a rapid response.

[0034] Further optimization includes a power supply circuit, which is connected to the sampling circuit, processor, NET interface circuit, and RS485 interface circuit respectively, to provide power to the sampling circuit, processor, NET interface circuit, and RS485 interface circuit.

[0035] By adopting the above technical solution, the power supply circuit converts the externally input +24V DC voltage into multiple stable voltages through DC-DC conversion technology, providing a stable and suitable operating voltage for the entire detection device. This is the basis for the normal operation of all modules and avoids detection errors or equipment damage caused by abnormal voltage.

[0036] This invention also discloses a detection method for a broken wire detection device for signal lines of a ship automation system based on any one of claims 1-7, comprising:

[0037] The detection sampling unit collects voltage signals under 24VDC and 220VAC power supply voltages and transmits them to the processor.

[0038] The channel selection circuit transmits channel configuration information to the processor.

[0039] The processor combines voltage and status signals to perform calculations and logical judgments, and outputs control signals to the channel selection circuit.

[0040] The processor outputs the result information to the communication unit.

[0041] The communication unit transmits the result information to the host computer via Ethernet and RS485, and outputs high and low level signals to the prompt alarm unit.

[0042] When the alarm unit receives a high-level signal, it will display an indication signal and trigger an external alarm device to sound an alarm.

[0043] By adopting the above technical solution, the fault monitoring and control of the ship's emergency relay circuit is realized through the process of collecting voltage signals, configuring transmission channels, performing calculations and logical judgments, outputting control signals, transmitting result information, and providing prompts and alarms. The entire detection process is simple, has strong anti-interference capabilities, avoids false alarms or missed alarms, and ensures reliability. The 16-channel expansion enables flexible adaptation to different application scenarios and has the function of fault location indication, which can quickly identify and locate specific fault channels, thereby improving maintenance efficiency.

[0044] Further optimization involves the detection sampling unit acquiring voltage signals under 24VDC and 220VAC power supply voltages and transmitting them to the processor, including:

[0045] The external detection circuit detects the signal of the ship's emergency relay circuit status as the raw signal and converts the raw signal into a voltage signal corresponding to the status.

[0046] The sampling circuit converts the voltage signal into a standard signal and transmits it to the processor. The standard signal is a voltage signal that the processor can accept.

[0047] By adopting the above technical solution, a compatible method for voltage signal detection of two power supply methods is achieved, which transforms the physical state of the ship's emergency relay circuit into a collectable voltage signal, flexibly matching the needs of different ship equipment and better adapting to the complex electromagnetic environment of ships.

[0048] Further optimization involves the processor combining voltage and status signals for calculation and logical judgment, outputting a control signal to the channel selection circuit, including:

[0049] The emergency relay for ships with a 24DC power supply has its voltage divider resistors R3 and R7 calibrated to 20KΩ.

[0050] V_Lx = (1.5 - V2) * 22.

[0051] V2 = 3.0 * 4096 / AD sample value, to obtain the actual voltage.

[0052] By comparing the actual voltage with the DC voltage threshold, the circuit status of the ship's emergency relay is determined, and a control signal is obtained.

[0053] or

[0054] The ship emergency relay is powered by 220VAC, and the resistance values ​​of the voltage divider resistors R3 and R7 are calibrated to 2MΩ.

[0055] V_Lx = (1.5 - V2) * 220.

[0056] V2 = 3.0 * 4096 / AD sample value, to obtain the actual voltage.

[0057] Where V_Lx is the original voltage of a certain channel of the external detection circuit, x = 1-16, and V2 is the AD sampling conversion voltage of the signal after conditioning by the DSP sampling circuit.

[0058] The actual voltage is compared with the AC voltage threshold to determine the corresponding state and obtain the control signal.

[0059] The processor outputs a control signal to the channel selection circuit to switch the reading object, which is DIP switch SW1 or DIP switch SW2.

[0060] Using the above technical solution, two types of emergency relays, 24VDC and 220VAC, can be detected simultaneously through resistance calibration. It has strong versatility and good dual-voltage compatibility, realizing the conversion of high DC voltage and high AC voltage into low-voltage DC signals that the processor can accept. Then, it makes accurate judgments through thresholds to avoid false alarms or missed alarms. It has strong anti-common-mode interference capability and is suitable for the complex electromagnetic environment of ships. Attached Figure Description

[0061] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the functional modules in Embodiment 1.

[0062] Figure 2 This is a system block diagram of the wire breakage detection device in Example 1.

[0063] Figure 3 This is the external detection circuit diagram for Example 1.

[0064] Figure 4 This is a sampling circuit diagram for Example 1.

[0065] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram for channel selection in Example 1.

[0066] Figure 6 This is the NET interface circuit diagram for Example 1.

[0067] Figure 7 This is the RS485 interface circuit diagram for Example 1.

[0068] Figure 8 This is the indicator light output circuit diagram for Example 1.

[0069] Figure 9 This is the fault output circuit diagram for Example 1.

[0070] Figure 10 This is the power supply circuit diagram for Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0071] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-10 The present invention will be further described in detail in Examples 1 and 2.

[0072] Example 1

[0073] A device for detecting broken wires in signal lines of a ship automation system, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a detection sampling unit, a processor, a channel selection circuit, a communication unit, and an alarm unit. The processor is connected to the detection sampling unit, the channel selection circuit, the communication unit, and the alarm unit.

[0074] The detection sampling unit is connected to the ship's emergency relay to collect the raw signals of the 24VDC and 220VAC power supply voltages and transmit them to the processor. The raw signals are voltage signals that characterize the circuit status of the ship's emergency relay.

[0075] The channel selection circuit transmits channel configuration information to the processor. The processor combines the channel configuration information with the voltage signal to perform fault logic judgment on the enabled channel and outputs a control signal to the channel selection circuit. The channel configuration information is the channel enable or disable configuration switch information, and the control signal is the high and low level combination signal output by the processor after making a logical judgment to control the switching of the read object.

[0076] The communication unit is connected to the host computer and is used to transmit result information from the processor to the host computer via Ethernet and RS485. It is also used to transmit control commands from the host computer to the processor. The result information includes the status data of the detection channel, the channel configuration information, and the device working status. The status data is the status judgment result data of each channel, including online, disconnected, short-circuited, and emergency switch closed status. The control commands are the channel configuration parameter modification command, the device restart command, and the detection threshold calibration command.

[0077] When the alarm unit receives a high-level signal from the processor, it triggers an external alarm device to issue an alarm notification.

[0078] The detection sampling unit simultaneously detects both 24VDC and 220VAC relay disconnections, safely and accurately converting the high-voltage AC signals from external relays into low-voltage DC signals recognizable by the processor. It boasts strong versatility, robust common-mode interference resistance, and adaptability to the complex electromagnetic environment of ships. The channel selection circuit supports independent configuration of 16 channels, allowing redundant channels to be disabled as needed, reducing processor workload and enabling on-demand activation of the 16 detection channels. This improves device adaptability, avoids data interference from redundant channels, and optimizes detection efficiency. The microprocessor's logical judgment enables rapid identification and location of specific faulty channels, improving maintenance efficiency. A communication unit facilitates bidirectional communication between the processor and the host computer, featuring strong anti-interference capabilities and high stability, enabling remote monitoring by the host computer.

[0079] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the detection sampling unit in this embodiment includes:

[0080] The external detection circuit is connected to the ship's emergency relay via 16 lines. Under 24VDC and 220VAC power supply voltages, it detects the signal of the ship's emergency relay line status as the raw signal and converts the raw signal into a voltage signal corresponding to the status.

[0081] The sampling circuit is located at the output of the external detection circuit. Its acquisition end is connected to the external detection circuit through 16 channels, and its output end is connected to the processor. It is used to convert the voltage signal into a standard signal and transmit it to the processor. The standard signal is a voltage signal that the processor can accept.

[0082] The external detection circuit is compatible with voltage detection for both types of ship power supplies, converting the physical state of the ship's emergency relay circuit into a collectable voltage signal. This provides the initial signal basis for subsequent sampling and judgment, flexibly matching the needs of different ship equipment. The sampling circuit connects with the external detection circuit to achieve 16-channel fault detection, making it more adaptable to the complex electromagnetic environment of ships.

[0083] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, the external detection circuit in this embodiment has 16 channels. Taking channel L1 as an example, it includes the emergency switch PB1, voltage divider resistors R1 and RM1, and relay EK1. The external detection circuit L1 is connected to the sampling circuit L1 channel, and so on. By switching the power connection method, it is compatible with two common ship power supply scenarios: relay EK1 is a 24DC power supply voltage relay, with VCC connected to 24VDC and COM connected to 0V; relay EK1 is a 220VAC power supply voltage relay, with VCC connected to the live wire AC220V_L and COM connected to the neutral wire AC220V_N. The voltage divider resistors R3 and R7 can be adapted to DC by changing the resistance value to 20KΩ and AC by 2MΩ, ensuring the voltage mapping accuracy under different voltage scenarios.

[0084] The external detection circuit features the following characteristics: it can not only distinguish between normal and fault states, but also accurately identify four specific states: online, open circuit, short circuit, and emergency switch closed, avoiding the false alarms and missed alarms caused by traditional detection methods. Each state corresponds to a clear voltage threshold range, and calibration with voltage divider resistors ensures that state judgments are non-overlapping and unambiguous, adapting to the high reliability requirements of ships. No additional circuit modifications are required; simply switching the power supply connection and voltage divider resistor values ​​allows it to adapt to both 24VDC and 220VAC mainstream relay power supply scenarios on ships. The 16-channel independent design provides good fault isolation and supports mixed use of relays with two power supply modes, such as DC for L1-L8 and AC for L9-L16, flexibly matching the needs of different ship equipment. The core consists of discrete components such as switches, resistors, and relays, with a simple structure and no complex chips, resulting in a low failure rate. It is suitable for the extreme environments of ships with high corrosion and strong vibration, while also ensuring dual power supply compatibility and independent maintainability, providing a stable and accurate original signal foundation for the entire open circuit detection device.

[0085] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 4 As shown, the sampling circuit in this embodiment includes: resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11; capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4; and an operational amplifier. One end of resistor R3 is connected to the corresponding channel LX of the external detection circuit, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R4. The other end of resistor R4 is connected to the operational amplifier. Resistors R7 and R8 are connected to calibrate the signal attenuation factor. Resistor R11 is connected to the feedback loop of the operational amplifier to adjust the amplification and attenuation ratio. Resistor R6 and capacitor C1 form an RC filter to filter out noise in the output signal.

[0086] The processor used is a DSP processor (hereinafter referred to as DSP). The signal output terminal of the operational amplifier TLV2372 IDR, DSP_Lx interface, is directly connected to the AD sampling pin of the DSP. The conditioned low-voltage DC signal is between 0V and 3V, corresponding to the proportional conversion value of the original voltage of the external detection circuit, specifically as follows:

[0087] (1) 24DC power supply voltage relay, the resistance values ​​of voltage divider resistors R3 and R7 are calibrated to 20KΩ;

[0088] V_Lx = (1.5 - V2) * 22;

[0089] V2 = 3.0 * 4096 / AD sample value, and the logical judgment is shown in Table 1 below:

[0090]

[0091] Table 1 is a table for judging the circuit status of a 24DC power supply voltage relay.

[0092] (2) The 220VAC power supply voltage relay has the voltage divider resistors R3 and R7 calibrated to 2MΩ;

[0093] V_Lx = (1.5 - V2) * 220;

[0094] V2 = 3.0 * 4096 / AD sample value, and the logical judgment is shown in Table 2 below:

[0095]

[0096] Table 2 is a table for judging the circuit status of the 220VAC power supply voltage relay.

[0097] This allows the DSP to perform calculations, threshold comparisons, and logical judgments. The sampling circuit safely and accurately converts high DC and high AC voltages into low-voltage DC signals that the processor can accept, ensuring safe fault acquisition, achieving high-precision differential detection, strong anti-common-mode interference capability, and adaptability to the complex electromagnetic environment of ships. Dual voltage compatibility: Through resistor calibration, it can simultaneously detect two types of relays, 24VDC and 220VAC, with strong versatility. Clear thresholds: Multiple preset voltage thresholds enable accurate judgment of multiple states, avoiding false alarms and missed alarms.

[0098] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 5 As shown, the channel selection circuit in this embodiment includes:

[0099] The DIP switch SW1 has a signal output terminal connected to a first level conversion chip, and resistors R12-R20 and capacitors C13-C20 are connected between the switch and the first level conversion chip, respectively.

[0100] DIP switch SW2 has a signal output terminal connected to a second level conversion chip, and resistors R22-R30 and capacitors C22-C29 are connected between it and the second level conversion chip respectively. DIP switches SW1 and SW2 are the reading objects.

[0101] Both the first and second level conversion chips are connected to the processor and are used to transmit the channel configuration information of the 8 channels to the processor. The processor is used to output control signals to the first and second level conversion chips.

[0102] Composed of 16-bit DIP switches and level conversion chips, including a first level conversion chip and a second level conversion chip, both using the SN74LV245APWR, the channel selection circuit uses 16 DIP switches (S) to enable and disable the corresponding detection channels. The SN74LV245APWR level conversion chip provides level matching and input port expansion functions. The processor switches the read target using two control signals, EN_L1_8 and EN_L9_16: when EN_L1_8 is low and EN_L9_16 is high, the state of DIP switch SW1 is read; when EN_L1_8 is high and EN_L9_16 is low, the state of DIP switch SW2 is read. The 16-bit DIP switch, composed of SW1 and SW2, can disable unused detection channels. The closing and opening of the DIP switches correspond to the enabling and disabling of the corresponding channels. Based on the read results, the processor only performs fault detection on the enabled channels, ignoring the data of the disabled channels.

[0103] A 16-bit DIP switch is formed by DIP switches SW1 and SW2, allowing for manual channel configuration without software modification. This is suitable for rapid on-site debugging. It enables and disables corresponding detection channels, supporting flexible expansion and independent configuration of 16 channels. The SN74LV245 resolves the level incompatibility issue between the DIP switches and the processor, while also expanding input ports to enable 16 detection channels on demand. It boasts strong common-mode interference resistance, improves device adaptability, avoids interference from redundant channel signals, and optimizes detection efficiency.

[0104] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the communication unit in this embodiment includes:

[0105] The NET interface circuit, connected to the processor via pins, is used to transmit result information to the host computer via Ethernet. Specifically, the NET interface circuit uses the Zhiyuan Electronics IPort-3 multi-functional embedded Ethernet serial port data conversion module, supporting multiple operating modes such as TCPServer, TCPClient, UDP, and RealCOM. It converts the processor's UART serial signal (DSP_TX / DSP_RX) into an Ethernet signal, enabling network connection with the host computer on the ship. The processor uploads detected channel statuses, such as online, disconnected, short-circuited, and emergency closure, to the host computer through this interface, and can also receive control commands from the host computer, such as parameter configuration. A reset signal (DSP_IPORT3_RST) is used to restart the module in case of malfunction, ensuring stable communication. It adapts to different host computer communication needs, offering high flexibility; the Ethernet transmission distance is long, adapting to the large space layout of ships, enabling high-speed, long-distance transmission with the host computer; integrated anti-interference design reduces the impact of the ship's electromagnetic environment on communication, ensuring high stability.

[0106] The RS485 interface circuit is connected to the processor via pins, such as... Figure 7 As shown, when the NET interface circuit fails, the result information is transmitted to the host computer via the RS485 bus. Specifically, using the RS485 transceiver chip MAX3485ESA as the core, differential serial communication between the processor and the host computer is implemented: the RS485 interface circuit controls the receive-enabled interface RE# and send-enabled interface DE through the microcontroller I / O port to switch the transmit and receive states. A 120Ω terminating resistor needs to be connected to the A and B differential buses to match the cable characteristic impedance and suppress signal reflection. A TVS diode is added between the A and B lines and ground to improve anti-interference capability and effectively protect against electrostatic discharge and surge impacts.

[0107] The NET interface circuit and RS485 interface circuit are also used to transmit control commands from the host computer to the processor. The NET interface circuit converts the processor's UART serial signal into an Ethernet signal, enabling a network connection with the host computer on the ship, adapting to the large space layout of the ship and achieving long-distance transmission. When the NET interface fails, differential serial communication between the processor and the host computer is achieved through the RS485 interface circuit, which has extremely strong anti-common-mode interference capability and is suitable for the complex electromagnetic environment of the ship.

[0108] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 8 As shown, the alarm unit in this embodiment includes:

[0109] The indicator light output circuit, connected to the processor, receives high-level signals from the processor and displays indicator lights corresponding to each channel. An off light indicates the corresponding channel relay is online or disabled, while an on light indicates the relay is in one of the following states: open circuit, short circuit, or emergency switch closed. The circuit consists of 16 LED indicators (L1-LED-L16-LED) and current-limiting resistors (R40-R55). Each indicator light corresponds to a detection channel. The processor outputs high or low levels to control the LEDs based on the voltage judgment result from the sampling circuit: a low level output and the LED is off if the channel is online or disabled; a high level output and the LED is on if the channel is open circuit, short circuit, or the emergency switch is closed. Maintenance personnel can quickly locate abnormal channels through the LED status and then view the specific fault type through the host computer.

[0110] The fault relay output circuit is connected to the processor, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 9As shown, it is used to receive high-level signals from the processor and trigger external alarm devices to output fault alarm signals. Specifically, it uses an electromagnetic relay HF33F / 005-ZS3 and an NPN transistor Q1 as the core: when the processor detects an open circuit or short circuit in any channel, it outputs a high-level signal ERR_RLY_DSP, which drives the transistor Q1 to conduct through a current-limiting resistor R56. After Q1 conducts, the relay coil RYL1 is energized, and the contacts switch: the normally closed contact RLY_NC opens, and the normally open contact RLY_NO closes, triggering external alarm devices such as buzzers and warning lights; diode D4 is connected in parallel across the relay coil to discharge the reverse electromotive force when the coil is de-energized, protecting the transistor and preventing component damage that could lead to alarm failure.

[0111] It makes the status of channel fault detection visible, with the light on or off directly corresponding to abnormal or normal conditions, eliminating the need for complex operations and improving maintenance efficiency; in the fault relay output circuit, when any detection channel experiences a disconnection or short circuit, the fault alarm relay will activate to immediately trigger an alarm, providing a rapid response.

[0112] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 10 As shown, this embodiment also includes a power supply circuit, which is connected to the sampling circuit, processor, NET interface circuit, and RS485 interface circuit, respectively, to provide power to these circuits. The power supply circuit uses a URA2415LD-30WR3, which uses DC-DC conversion technology to convert a +24V DC voltage to a ±15V DC voltage output, providing multiple stable voltage outputs. It also incorporates filter capacitors C1, C5, and C10 to filter voltage ripple and ensure stable output voltage. The ±15V primarily supplies the operational amplifier in the sampling circuit, while the 5V supplies the processor, interface circuit, and other modules, providing a stable and compatible operating voltage for the entire detection device. This is fundamental to the normal operation of all modules and prevents detection errors or equipment damage due to abnormal voltage.

[0113] Example 2

[0114] This invention also discloses a detection method for a broken wire detection device for signal lines of a ship automation system based on any one of claims 1-7, comprising:

[0115] The detection sampling unit collects voltage signals under 24VDC and 220VAC power supply voltages and transmits them to the processor.

[0116] The channel selection circuit transmits channel configuration information to the processor.

[0117] The processor combines voltage and status signals to perform calculations and logical judgments, and outputs control signals to the channel selection circuit.

[0118] The processor outputs the result information to the communication unit.

[0119] The communication unit transmits the result information to the host computer via Ethernet and RS485, and outputs high and low level signals to the prompt alarm unit.

[0120] When the alarm unit receives a high-level signal, it will display an indication signal and trigger an external alarm device to sound an alarm.

[0121] By collecting voltage signals, configuring transmission channels, performing calculations and logical judgments, outputting control signals, transmitting result information, and providing prompts and alarms, the system enables fault monitoring and control of ship emergency relay circuits. The entire detection process is simple, has strong anti-interference capabilities, avoids false alarms or missed alarms, and ensures reliability. Through 16-channel expansion, it can flexibly adapt to different application scenarios and has the function of fault location indication, which can quickly identify and locate specific fault channels, thus improving maintenance efficiency.

[0122] Specifically, in this embodiment, the detection sampling unit acquires voltage signals under 24VDC and 220VAC power supply voltages and transmits them to the processor, including:

[0123] The external detection circuit detects the signal of the ship's emergency relay circuit status as the raw signal and converts the raw signal into a voltage signal corresponding to the status.

[0124] The sampling circuit converts the voltage signal into a standard signal and transmits it to the processor. The standard signal is a voltage signal that the processor can accept.

[0125] This invention enables voltage signal detection compatibility between two power supply methods, converting the physical state of the ship's emergency relay circuit into a collectable voltage signal. This allows for flexible matching of the needs of different ship equipment and better adaptation to the complex electromagnetic environment of ships.

[0126] Specifically, the processor combines voltage and status signals to perform calculations and logical judgments, and outputs control signals to the channel selection circuit, including:

[0127] The emergency relay for ships with a 24DC power supply has its voltage divider resistors R3 and R7 calibrated to 20KΩ.

[0128] V_Lx = (1.5 - V2) * 22.

[0129] V2 = 3.0 * 4096 / AD sample value, to obtain the actual voltage.

[0130] By comparing the actual voltage with the DC voltage threshold in Table 1, the circuit status of the ship's emergency relay is determined, and the control signal is obtained.

[0131] or

[0132] The ship emergency relay is powered by 220VAC, and the resistance values ​​of the voltage divider resistors R3 and R7 are calibrated to 2MΩ.

[0133] V_Lx = (1.5 - V2) * 220.

[0134] V2 = 3.0 * 4096 / AD sample value, to obtain the actual voltage.

[0135] Where V_Lx is the original voltage of a certain channel of the external detection circuit, x = 1-16, and V2 is the AD sampling conversion voltage of the signal after conditioning by the DSP sampling circuit.

[0136] Compare the actual voltage with the AC voltage threshold in Table 2 to determine the corresponding state and obtain the control signal.

[0137] The processor outputs a control signal to the channel selection circuit to switch the reading object, which is DIP switch SW1 or DIP switch SW2.

[0138] With resistance calibration, it can simultaneously detect two types of emergency relays: 24VDC and 220VAC. It is highly versatile and has good dual-voltage compatibility. It converts high DC voltage and high AC voltage into low-voltage DC signals that the processor can accept. Then, it makes accurate judgments through thresholds to avoid false alarms or missed alarms. It has strong anti-common-mode interference capabilities and is suitable for the complex electromagnetic environment of ships.

[0139] Please combine Figures 1-10 Taking detection channel 1, corresponding to external detection circuit L1, DIP switch SW1 (channel 1), and indicator LED1, as an example, assuming this channel is configured with a 24VDC relay EK1, the complete disconnection monitoring and control process is described as follows:

[0140] Channel configuration: The user enables channel L1 by using the DIP switch (S1, channel 1) of the channel selection circuit (S1), i.e., the DIP switch is closed. Power supply and wiring: The VCC of the external detection circuit L1 is connected to the ship's 24VDC power supply +24V, and COM is connected to 0V. Relay EK1, emergency switch PB1, and voltage divider resistors R1 / RM1 are connected in series to form a complete circuit. Circuit initialization: The power supply circuit outputs ±15V to the sampling circuit TLV2372 IDR and +3.3V to the DSP processor TMS320F28035 and interface circuits. All modules are powered on and ready. The DSP reads the SW1 configuration through EN_L1_8 low level and EN_L9_16 high level, confirms that channel L1 is enabled, and starts the detection logic for that channel.

[0141] When the relay circuit of channel L1 is broken due to factors such as corrosion or vibration, such as the EK1 coil wiring coming loose or the circuit breaking in the middle: the series circuit of the external detection circuit L1 is broken, no effective current flows, and the voltage divider logic of the voltage divider resistor R1 / RM1 fails; at this time, the original voltage V_L1 of channel L1 is ≤ 1.5V, which is the 24VDC relay disconnection threshold. This low voltage signal is used as the original disconnection signal and transmitted to the sampling circuit through the L1 terminal.

[0142] After receiving the V_L1 signal, the operational amplifier TLV2372 IDR in the sampling circuit performs the following processing: voltage division and attenuation, using calibration resistors R3 / R7 of 20KΩ to attenuate V_L1≤1.5V to a low voltage signal; filtering and purification, using a 30nF capacitor to filter out noise in the ship's electromagnetic environment to ensure signal stability; based on the 1.5V reference voltage of REF1V5, converting the conditioned signal into a 0~3V DC signal that the DSP can receive and recording it as DSP_L1; signal output, the sampling circuit transmits the DSP_L1 signal to the AD sampling pin of the DSP processor.

[0143] After receiving the DSP_L1 signal, the DSP processor performs a logical process of sampling, conversion, and judgment, specifically:

[0144] AD sampling: The DSP performs 12-bit AD sampling on the DSP_L1 signal to obtain digital sample values, with a range of 0 to 4095. Voltage conversion: Substitute the values ​​into the formula to calculate V2 and V_L1. V2 = 3.0 × (AD sample value / 4096). Assuming the AD sample value ≤ 2048, V2 ≤ 1.5V. V_L1 = (1.5 - V2) × 22. Since V2 ≤ 1.5V, V_L1 ≤ 1.5V, which meets the disconnection threshold. The DSP combines two pieces of information to confirm the status: channel configuration, which shows that SW1 channel 1 is enabled, requiring status judgment; and the voltage threshold, V_L1 ≤ 1.5V, matching the disconnection status definition. Finally, it is determined that channel L1 has a relay disconnection fault.

[0145] After the DSP detects a disconnection fault, it simultaneously triggers two local responses: indicator light status switching, the DSP outputs a high level to the L1 channel control pin of the indicator light output circuit; LED1 and L1 channel are connected through the current-limiting resistor, changing from off to on, visually indicating to maintenance personnel that the L1 channel is abnormal; fault alarm triggering, because a disconnection fault is detected, the DSP outputs a high level from the ERR_RLY_DSP pin, this signal drives the transistor Q1 to conduct through the current-limiting resistor R56, the fault alarm relay RYL1 coil is energized and closes, the contacts switch to normally open contacts and close, triggering external alarm devices such as a buzzer to sound and a warning light to flash, realizing hardware-level emergency warning.

[0146] The DSP formats the L1 channel disconnection fault status data, including channel number, fault type, V_L1 voltage value, and channel configuration status. This data is then transmitted via the UART_TX / RX pin to the IPort-3 module of the NET interface circuit, converted to an Ethernet signal, and uploaded to the host computer via the ship's local area network. Simultaneously, it is transmitted via the SCIA_TX / RX pin to the MAX3485 chip of the RS485 interface circuit, converted to an RS485 differential signal, and uploaded to the host computer as a redundant communication channel. Upon receiving the data, the host computer displays the L1 channel disconnection fault on its interface and records the fault time and voltage data, allowing maintenance personnel to view the data remotely.

[0147] When the L1 channel disconnection fault is repaired and the line is reconnected, the series circuit of the external detection circuit L1 is restored to completeness, V_L1 returns to the 1.5~11V online threshold, the sampling circuit and DSP processor repeat the above sampling, conversion and judgment process, and determine that the L1 channel has returned to the online state; the DSP outputs a low level, LED1 is turned off, the fault relay RYL1 coil is de-energized, and the external alarm device stops operating; the fault recovery status is synchronized to the host computer through the NET interface or RS485 interface, and the interface is updated to show that the L1 channel is normal.

[0148] In summary, the entire process utilizes an external detection circuit to provide the signal source, a sampling circuit to ensure signal quality, a DSP processor to achieve accurate judgment, multiple output circuits to provide prompts and alarms, and data uploads to the host computer. This enables rapid identification and location of the line corresponding to the faulty channel, shortening troubleshooting time and improving maintenance efficiency. It also has excellent anti-interference capabilities, meeting the reliability requirements of harsh marine environments.

[0149] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but as long as they are within the scope of protection of this invention, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A broken wire detection device for a ship automation system signal line, characterized by The application relates to a ship emergency relay detection device, which comprises a detection sampling unit, a processor, a channel selection circuit, a communication unit and a prompt alarm unit. The detection sampling unit is connected with a ship emergency relay and is used for collecting original signals of 24VDC power supply voltage and 220VAC power supply voltage and transmitting the original signals to the processor, wherein the original signals are voltage signals representing the state of the ship emergency relay circuit. The channel selection circuit transmits channel configuration information to the processor, the processor combines the channel configuration information with the voltage signals, performs fault logic judgment on the enabled channel, and outputs a control signal to the channel selection circuit, wherein the channel configuration information is channel enabling or disabling configuration switch information, and the control signal is a signal output by the processor after logic judgment and used for controlling the high-low level combination of the switching reading object. The communication unit is connected with an upper computer and is used for transmitting result information from the processor to the upper computer through Ethernet and RS485 and transmitting a control instruction from the upper computer to the processor, wherein the result information comprises state data of the detection channel, channel configuration information and device working state, the state data is state judgment result data of each channel, including online, disconnection, short circuit and emergency switch closing, and the control instruction is a channel configuration parameter modification instruction, a device restart instruction and a detection threshold calibration instruction. When the prompt alarm unit receives a high-level signal from the processor, an external alarm device is triggered to perform alarm prompting. The detection sampling unit comprises:

2. The broken wire detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein, An external detection circuit is connected with the ship emergency relay through 16 lines and detects signals representing the state of the ship emergency relay circuit as original signals under 24VDC power supply voltage and 220VAC power supply voltage, and converts the original signals into voltage signals corresponding to the state. A sampling circuit is arranged at the output end of the external detection circuit, the sampling end of the sampling circuit is connected with the external detection circuit through 16 channels, the output end is connected with the processor, and the sampling circuit is used for converting the voltage signals into standard signals and transmitting the standard signals to the processor, wherein the standard signals are voltage signals acceptable by the processor. The sampling circuit comprises resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4 and an operational amplifier, one end of the resistor R3 is connected with a corresponding channel LX of the external detection circuit, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with one end of the resistor R4, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the operational amplifier, the resistor R7 is connected with the resistor R8 and is used for calibrating signal attenuation multiple, the resistor R11 is connected with the feedback loop of the operational amplifier and is used for adjusting amplification and attenuation ratio, and the resistor R6 and the capacitor C1 constitute a resistance-capacitance filter and are used for filtering out noise of the output signal.

3. The broken wire detection apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The channel selection circuit comprises:

4. The broken wire detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein ​ A dial switch SW1 is connected with a first level conversion chip, and resistors R12-R20 and capacitors C13-C20 are connected between the dial switch SW1 and the first level conversion chip respectively; A dial switch SW2 is connected with a second level conversion chip, and resistors R22-R30 and capacitors C22-C29 are connected between the dial switch SW2 and the second level conversion chip respectively, the dial switch SW1 and the dial switch SW2 are reading objects; The first level conversion chip and the second level conversion chip are connected with the processor, and are used for respectively transmitting channel configuration information of 8 channels to the processor, and the processor is used for outputting a control signal to the first level conversion chip and the second level conversion chip.

5. The broken wire detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The communication unit comprises: An NET interface circuit is connected with the processor through a pin, and is used for transmitting the result information to the upper computer through Ethernet; An RS485 interface circuit is connected with the processor through a pin, and is used for transmitting the result information to the upper computer through an RS485 bus when the interface of the NET interface circuit fails; The NET interface circuit and the RS485 interface circuit are also used for transmitting a control instruction sent by the upper computer to the processor.

6. The broken wire detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The prompt alarm unit comprises: An indicator lamp output circuit is connected with the processor, and is used for receiving a high level signal of the processor to present an indication signal of a prompt lamp light corresponding to a channel; A fault relay output circuit is connected with the processor, and is used for receiving a high level signal of the processor to output a fault alarm signal by triggering an external alarm device.

7. The ship automation system signal line break detection apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, A power supply circuit is connected with the sampling circuit, the processor, the NET interface circuit and the RS485 interface circuit respectively, and is used for providing power supply to the sampling circuit, the processor, the NET interface circuit and the RS485 interface circuit.

8. A detection method of a broken line detection device of a signal line of a ship automation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by, It comprises: The detection sampling unit collects voltage signals under 24VDC and 220VAC power supply voltages and transmits the voltage signals to the processor; The channel selection circuit transmits channel configuration information to the processor; The processor combines the voltage signals and the state signals to perform calculation and logical judgment, and outputs a control signal to the channel selection circuit; The processor outputs result information to the communication unit; The communication unit transmits the result information to the upper computer through Ethernet and RS485, and outputs a high-low level signal to the prompt alarm unit; The prompt alarm unit presents an indication signal and triggers an external alarm device to perform alarm after receiving a high level signal.

9. The detection method of the ship automation system signal line breakage detection apparatus according to claim 8, characterized by, The detection sampling unit collects voltage signals under 24VDC and 220VAC power supply voltages and transmits the voltage signals to the processor, and comprises: An external detection circuit detects a signal of a state of a ship emergency relay line as an original signal, and converts the original signal into a voltage signal corresponding to the state; A sampling circuit converts the voltage signal into a standard signal and transmits the standard signal to the processor, and the standard signal is a voltage signal that can be accepted by the processor.

10. The detection method of the ship automation system signal line breakage detection apparatus according to claim 8, characterized by, The processor combines the voltage signal and the state signal to perform calculation and logical judgment, and outputs a control signal to the channel selection circuit, including: 24 DC power supply voltage of the ship emergency relay, the resistance value of the voltage dividing resistor R3 and R7 is calibrated to 20KΩ; V_Lx=(1.5-V2)*22; V2=3.0*4096 / AD sampling value, to get the actual voltage; The actual voltage is compared with the DC voltage threshold to judge the line state of the ship emergency relay, and a control signal is obtained; Or 220VAC power supply voltage of the ship emergency relay, the resistance value of the voltage dividing resistor R3 and R7 is calibrated to 2MΩ; V_Lx=(1.5-V2)*220; V2=3.0*4096 / AD sampling value, to get the actual voltage; Wherein, V_Lx is the original voltage of a certain channel of the external detection circuit, x=1-16, V2 is the AD sampling conversion voltage of the signal processed by the sampling circuit of the DSP; The actual voltage is compared with the AC voltage threshold to judge the corresponding state, and a control signal is obtained; The processor outputs a control signal to the channel selection circuit to switch the reading object, and the reading object is a dial switch SW1 and a dial switch SW2.

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