Tunnel blasting parameterized hole arrangement design and numerical model automatic generation method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of tunnel blasting parameterization hole arrangement design and numerical model automatic generation method, comprising the following steps: S1.tunnel section and hole arrangement region profile parameterization;S2.based on the profile point set data of tunnel section and hole arrangement region obtained in step S1 and the blast design parameter input by user, automatically calculate the coordinates of cut hole, auxiliary hole, peripheral hole and floor hole, generate visual blasthole arrangement scheme, and export the file including all blasthole information;S3.through script program driving finite element pre-processing software, automatically and batchedly execute modeling operation.The present application realizes from the parameterization design of hole arrangement scheme to the automatic, batched generation of numerical model, can realize the rapid generation of hole arrangement scheme and corresponding numerical model under the size of any tunnel section contour and blasthole arrangement parameter, provides powerful technical support and guarantee for the prediction of tunnel blasting effect and the adjustment and optimization of hole arrangement scheme.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of information-based construction technology for tunnels and underground engineering, and in particular relates to a method for parametric hole layout design and automatic generation of numerical models for tunnel blasting. Background Technology

[0002] Drill-and-blast method is currently the main method for constructing mountain tunnels. Its core lies in the design of the blasting scheme, specifically how to arrange cut holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes on the tunnel face. Due to time constraints (approximately 8 hours) and economic costs, adjusting the blast hole positions through on-site test blasts is impractical. Numerical simulation is often used to verify and analyze the blasting scheme. However, establishing the numerical model (i.e., finite element preprocessing) is quite cumbersome and presents the following problems:

[0003] (1) Traditional borehole scheme generation is inflexible and relies on AutoCAD drawing software. Once the tunnel cross-section shape and borehole layout parameters change, the borehole layout scheme needs to be redrawn.

[0004] (2) The process of converting construction drawings into numerical models is quite complicated. It requires rereading the blast hole coordinates in the blasting scheme in the formats of paper drawings, exported CAD files or pictures.

[0005] (3) The numerical model of full-section blasting in tunnels is geometrically complex, with a large number of blast holes (hundreds), and a large difference between the size of the blast holes (centimeter level) and the tunnel profile (meter level), and the distribution of blast holes is flexible.

[0006] (4) The modeling process of numerical model is complicated. It requires manually building hundreds of geometric cylinders and performing Boolean operations with the geometry representing the rock mass. It also requires cutting around hundreds of boreholes to form a mappable body to generate hexahedral mesh units. It is time-consuming and prone to human modeling errors.

[0007] (5) There is no unified numerical modeling process. Different modeling processes will generate numerical models with different mesh densities and qualities. Since the finite element calculation results are sensitive to the mesh, the calculation accuracy will be affected.

[0008] Chinese patent CN118070378A discloses an automated dynamic drawing method for tunnel cross-sections using the drill-and-blast method, which utilizes a Python script to call AutoCAD to generate two-dimensional standard drawings. However, this method only achieves the drawing of two-dimensional drawings and cannot generate three-dimensional solid models and meshes for finite element calculations, nor can it directly convert design data into simulation analysis data.

[0009] Chinese patent CN117034393A discloses a three-dimensional parametric modeling method for numerical models of full-row tunnel blasting, developed based on ABAQUS software, realizing the modeling process from tunnel cross-section to borehole cutting and plug fusion. However, this method mainly focuses on the geometric model construction steps, requiring each borehole to be created individually, without involving automated design logic for the overall borehole layout, and lacks rapid numerical simulation and result analysis of borehole layout schemes, making it impossible to predict blasting effects and achieve borehole layout optimization.

[0010] Chinese patent CN120974830A discloses a numerical simulation method and system for cyclic blasting excavation of tunnels, which focuses on solving the problems of ground stress initialization, dynamic relaxation, and restart calculation in cyclic excavation. However, this method focuses on solving the mechanical equilibrium problem in "multi-step cycle" calculations, and lacks a targeted and rapid solution for the extremely cumbersome geometric modeling and mesh generation efficiency problem of hundreds or thousands of blast holes in a single blast, making it difficult to meet the needs of rapid adjustment of hole layout on site.

[0011] Chinese patent CN116305406B discloses an intelligent design method for tunnel blasting schemes, which utilizes deep learning technology to establish a sample library and matches similar blasting schemes through a neural network model. However, this method is based on empirical inference from historical data and relies on training with massive amounts of sample data. Unlike finite element numerical simulation, it cannot quantitatively predict rock mass damage under specific geological conditions from a mechanical mechanism perspective, thus exhibiting a "black box" effect.

[0012] Existing technologies such as CN118070378A focus on generating two-dimensional borehole scheme drawings and cannot directly generate the results of docking numerical calculations. Although CN117034393A proposes parametric modeling based on ABAQUS, it is usually limited to scripts within specific software, lacks an independent borehole algorithm module, and is insufficient in handling the "batch" generation of multi-condition models.

[0013] In summary, existing technologies either focus on solving the problem of "automated drawing generation" of blasting schemes, are limited to "local parametric modeling" in specific simulation software environments, or adopt data-driven intelligent recommendation methods. None of them have deeply integrated the two key aspects of "intelligent parametric layout design of full-section blast holes" and "automatic generation of high-quality, efficient numerical models" to form a complete, parameter-driven, integrated solution from design to simulation. Therefore, developing a systematic method that can automatically complete the process from borehole layout design to one-click generation of a high-quality finite element model based on the input tunnel profile and blasting parameters has an urgent practical need and significant engineering application value for improving the informatization and intelligence level of tunnel blasting design, significantly shortening the design-simulation cycle, and ensuring the accuracy and comparability of analysis results. Summary of the Invention

[0014] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an automatic hole layout and numerical model generation method for the entire cross-section of a drill-and-blast tunnel. This method can solve the problems of cumbersome existing hole layout design and finite element preprocessing processes, which make it impossible to easily and quickly generate hole layout schemes and corresponding numerical models for different tunnel contours and hole layout parameters.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0016] A method for parametric hole layout design and automatic numerical model generation in tunnel blasting includes the following steps:

[0017] S1. Parameterization of tunnel cross-section and borehole area contours: Establish a design coordinate system, select or customize the shape of the tunnel cross-section contour and borehole area contour, where the borehole area contour can be selected as the slotting borehole area, the ground borehole area, or a custom area. Define the geometric shape of the tunnel cross-section contour and borehole area contour in parametric equation form. Generate the corresponding contour point set based on the input contour dimension parameters. Determine whether there is a geometric conflict between the two contour point sets. If there is a conflict, re-enter the contour dimension parameters or select the contour shape. If there is no conflict, output the corresponding contour point set.

[0018] S2. Automatic layout of all blast holes: Based on the contour point set data of the tunnel cross section and the hole layout area obtained in step S1 and the blasting design parameters input by the user, the coordinates of the cut holes, auxiliary holes, peripheral holes and ground holes are automatically calculated by selecting or customizing the preset geometric layout rules, generating a visual blast hole layout scheme, and exporting a file containing all blast hole information.

[0019] The blasting design parameters include: borehole radius, explosive charge radius, blasting outline offset value, borehole layout strategy in the layout area, distance from the resistance line of the cut area, borehole spacing in the cut area, distance from the resistance line of the ground area, borehole spacing in the ground area, spacing of peripheral boreholes, distance from the resistance line of auxiliary boreholes, spacing of auxiliary boreholes, and minimum borehole spacing.

[0020] S3. Automatic generation of numerical model: Read the point set data of the tunnel cross-section contour obtained in step S1 and the borehole coordinate file exported in step S2, and drive the finite element preprocessing software through the script program to automatically perform the following operations: create three-dimensional geometry of borehole, rock mass and explosive cartridge according to coordinates; perform Boolean operations and geometric cutting to form a mappable geometry; divide into high-quality hexahedral meshes; and finally export the analysis model file that can be calculated by the finite element solver.

[0021] Preferably, step S1 specifically includes:

[0022] S11. Establish a coordinate system;

[0023] S12. Define geometric profile shape: Select the profile shape of the tunnel cross section and the borehole area respectively;

[0024] S13. Parametric Equation Expression of Tunnel Profile: The tunnel cross-section profile and the borehole area profile are expressed using parametric equations;

[0025] S14. Input the contour dimension parameters;

[0026] S15. Generate the corresponding contour point set: Calculate and generate the coordinates of the contour point set based on the parametric equation and the input dimension parameters;

[0027] S16. Geometric Conflict Judgment: First, determine whether the contour point set of each hole area is inside the closed shape formed by the contour point set of the tunnel section. If it exceeds the limit, there is a geometric conflict and you will be prompted to re-enter the contour size parameters or select the contour shape. If it does not exceed the limit, determine whether the area formed by the contour point set of each hole area overlaps. If it overlaps, there is a geometric conflict and you will be prompted to re-enter the contour size parameters or select the contour shape. If it does not overlap, there is no geometric conflict.

[0028] S17. Output contour point set: If no geometric conflict is found after geometric conflict judgment, the contour point set of the tunnel cross section and the hole layout area will be output respectively.

[0029] Preferably, the automatic calculation in step S2 specifically includes:

[0030] S21. Hole area judgment: whether the slotting hole area, floor hole area and custom area have been set. If they exist, proceed to S22. If they do not exist, proceed directly to S23.

[0031] S22. Hole placement within the hole placement area outline: Read the geometric outline shape and outline point set of the hole placement area defined in step S1, calculate the boundary value range of the hole placement area, select or customize the hole placement strategy of the hole placement area, read the input blasting design parameters, and automatically calculate and generate the spatial coordinates of the blast holes in the hole placement area.

[0032] S23. Hole layout on the tunnel cross-section contour line: Based on the contour parameterization method of S1, the spatial coordinates of the surrounding holes are automatically calculated and generated along the geometric contour line of the tunnel cross-section according to the preset hole spacing.

[0033] S24. Hole arrangement within the tunnel cross-section outline: In the area within the offset outline, auxiliary hole lines are generated inward in circles according to the set auxiliary hole resistance line distance. Auxiliary holes are arranged on each line according to the auxiliary hole spacing. The calculation method for the blast hole coordinates is the same as in S23. The distance between each auxiliary hole and all generated blast holes is calculated. Auxiliary holes that do not meet the minimum blast hole spacing requirement are deleted to obtain the final auxiliary hole coordinates.

[0034] Preferably, step S22, taking the slotted area as an example, specifically includes:

[0035] S221. Data Reading: Read the cutout area contour shape defined in S1 and the output cutout area contour point set and range;

[0036] S222. Hole Layout Strategy and Parameter Input: For different contour shapes, set different hole layout strategies. For rectangles, set straight hole, quincunx hole, or custom hole layout strategies. Input specific hole layout parameters according to the hole layout strategy.

[0037] S223. Determine the longitudinal position of the boreholes: For each row of boreholes, cut holes are arranged at the beginning and end points. Based on the borehole spacing, the longitudinal coordinates are determined using the equal-spacing algorithm.

[0038] S224. Determine the lateral position of the boreholes: The lateral coordinates of the edge columns and the left and right boundaries of the borehole area are the same. The boreholes are arranged laterally at a distance of one resistance line from the left and right edge columns. The middle columns are evenly arranged laterally at a distance of one resistance line.

[0039] S225. Generation and Storage: Convert all coordinate points calculated in steps S223 and S224 into borehole data objects and store them in the borehole layout set of the current section, thus completing the automatic generation of boreholes within the borehole layout area outline.

[0040] Preferably, step S23 specifically includes:

[0041] S231. Data Reading: Read the tunnel cross-section contour line parameter equation in S1, input the spacing between peripheral holes, the radius of peripheral holes, and the offset value of the blasting contour line;

[0042] S232. Calculation of hole layout path parameters: Based on the parametric equation definition of the tunnel cross-section profile in S1, calculate the new profile dimension parameters according to the offset value of the blasting profile line and the blast hole radius of the surrounding holes.

[0043] S233. Calculate the position of the boreholes: Starting from the lower end of the left straight line, proceed clockwise along the contour, and arrange the boreholes according to the spacing of the surrounding holes to the lower end of the right straight line;

[0044] S234. Generation and Storage: Convert all coordinate points calculated in step S233 into borehole data objects and store them in the borehole layout set of the current section, thus completing the automatic generation of boreholes on the tunnel section outline.

[0045] Preferably, step S2 further includes:

[0046] S25. Visualization of borehole scheme: Generate a visualization interface, refer to... Figure 7It intuitively displays the tunnel cross-section outline and all blast holes displayed by category and color. Users can adjust any parameter in real time, and the interface will refresh the hole layout results synchronously to achieve interactive design.

[0047] S26. Export borehole data: Output borehole coordinate file.

[0048] Preferably, the step S3, which involves driving the finite element preprocessing software through a script program, specifically involves: in a programming environment, based on the contour feature data and borehole layout information, writing a script command stream that the preprocessing software can recognize, including creating geometry, Boolean operations, geometric sectioning, mesh generation, and exporting calculation files, to ensure consistency with the borehole design program language, and using it to control the finite element preprocessing software to automatically and in batches execute modeling operations.

[0049] Preferably, the operations automatically executed by the script command stream include:

[0050] S31. Geometry Creation: Based on the input borehole layout information, read the borehole data from the automatically generated borehole information file, create cylinders representing boreholes, cuboids representing rock masses, and cylinders representing explosive charges, and assign them to different geometric components.

[0051] S32. Boolean operation: Perform the operation of subtracting the borehole geometry from the rock mass geometry to form a rock mass model with holes, and perform the operation of subtracting the charge geometry from the borehole geometry to form a charge cavity;

[0052] S33. Geometric Contact Processing: Merge the geometry in the rock mass, borehole, and cartridge assembly to make their contact surfaces form a common surface;

[0053] S34. Geometric Sectioning and Mappable Volume Generation: Create sectioning lines based on the tunnel cross-section outline and borehole perimeter, and use these sectioning lines to segment the geometry after Boolean operations to form a mappable geometry.

[0054] S35. Mesh Generation and Processing: Two-dimensional planar meshes are generated for the mappable surfaces of the mappable geometry, and the two-dimensional meshes are stretched into three-dimensional hexahedral meshes; a portion of the mesh is copied to create an air domain; common node processing is performed on the meshes of the air domain, the cartridge domain, and the rock mass domain to establish correct contact relationships;

[0055] S36. Numerical Model Export: Based on the actual finite element preprocessing software used, export the generated numerical model as the corresponding source file format and store it in the specified file path.

[0056] This invention provides a method for parametric hole layout design and automatic numerical model generation in tunnel blasting, which has the following beneficial effects.

[0057] 1. This invention achieves rapid generation and visualization of blasting schemes through parametric definition of tunnel cross-sections and borehole layout areas, as well as automatic layout of all boreholes. Combined with a script-driven finite element preprocessing workflow, it can complete complex 3D geometric modeling and high-quality hexahedral mesh generation of boreholes with a single click, shortening the traditional design and modeling cycle of several days or even weeks to the hour level, greatly improving work efficiency.

[0058] 2. This invention employs a unified parametric design logic and an automated modeling process, eliminating human error and operational inconsistencies inherent in traditional manual drawing and modeling. The generated numerical model possesses standardized and reproducible mesh generation quality, ensuring the accuracy, reliability, and comparability of finite element calculation results, thus providing a solid technical foundation for quantitative prediction of blasting effects and scheme optimization.

[0059] 3. This invention supports the parameterized definition and customization of various tunnel cross-sectional profiles (such as composite, three-centered circle, horseshoe shape, etc.) and borehole layout areas (cut-out area, ground area, custom area). Users only need to adjust the profile dimensions, borehole parameters, and other inputs, and the system can quickly respond and generate new borehole layout schemes and corresponding numerical models, which can flexibly adapt to different engineering geological conditions, tunnel cross-sectional forms, and blasting design requirements.

[0060] 4. This invention deeply integrates intelligent parametric hole layout design with high-quality and efficient automatic numerical model generation, forming an integrated link from "parameter input" to "simulation model". This enables engineers to conveniently conduct numerical calculations and comparative analyses of blasting effects for multiple schemes and parameters during the design phase, thereby quickly evaluating and optimizing hole layout schemes, forming a virtuous cycle of "design-simulation-optimization", and significantly improving the informatization and intelligence level of tunnel blasting design. Attached Figure Description

[0061] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall process framework of the method of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the contour parameterization algorithm in this invention.

[0063] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel cross-sectional profile and hole layout region profile expressed parametrically in this invention.

[0064] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the algorithm for automatic layout of all boreholes in this invention.

[0065] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the parameters for the automatic layout of all boreholes in this invention.

[0066] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the algorithm for automatically generating numerical models in this invention.

[0067] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a typical tunnel cross-section borehole layout scheme generated using the method of the present invention.

[0068] Figure 8 Based on Figure 7 The hole layout scheme is automatically generated into a 3D geometric model diagram.

[0069] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the mesh quality detection and adjustment interface based on preprocessing software.

[0070] Figure 10 To Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the finite element numerical model generated after the geometric model is automatically meshed. Detailed Implementation

[0071] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0072] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0073] refer to Figure 1 This invention provides a method for parametric hole layout design and automatic numerical model generation in tunnel blasting. The overall process includes three core modules: parameterization of tunnel cross-section and hole layout area contours, automatic layout of all blast holes, and automatic generation of the numerical model. The following is a combination of... Figures 2 to 10 Each step is explained in detail.

[0074] S1. Tunnel cross-section and borehole layout area contour parameterization, referring to... Figure 2 and Figure 3 :

[0075] Establish a design coordinate system, select or customize the shape of the tunnel cross-section profile and the borehole area profile. The borehole area profile can be selected as the slotting borehole area, the ground borehole area, or a custom area. Define the geometric shape of the tunnel cross-section profile and the borehole area profile in the form of parametric equations. Generate the corresponding profile point set based on the input profile dimension parameters. Determine whether there is a geometric conflict between the two profile point sets. If there is a conflict, re-enter the profile dimension parameters or select the profile shape. If there is no conflict, output the corresponding profile point set.

[0076] It should be noted that common tunnel cross-sectional profiles, such as composite types combining arcs and straight lines, three-centered circles, horseshoe shapes, etc., each have a set of parametric equations. The tunnel cross-sectional profile can be expressed using parametric equations. You can choose the built-in method in the program, or you can customize the profile form (pre-set parameter method).

[0077] Step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0078] S11. Establishing a coordinate system: This example establishes a Cartesian coordinate system with the origin at [origin]. .

[0079] S12. Define the geometric profile shape: Select the profile shape of the tunnel cross section and the borehole area respectively. In this example, the tunnel cross section profile is selected as a composite type, and the borehole area profile is selected as the slotted hole area and the ground hole area. The slotted hole area and the ground hole area are rectangular.

[0080] S13. Parametric Equation Expression of Contour: Composite contours and rectangular contours can be regarded as combinations of basic shapes, arcs and straight lines. Write the parametric equation expressions for the arc segments and straight line segments respectively.

[0081] The parametric equation of a circular arc segment is expressed by taking any point on the circle as an example. Using the coordinates of the center of the circle ,radius and central angle Represented as:

[0082]

[0083] The parametric equation of a line segment expresses any point on the line. Using the starting coordinates End point coordinates and normalization parameters Represented as:

[0084] S14. Input contour dimension parameters: In this example, input the radius of the arc. Total height Total width Coordinates of the center of the arc Determine the shape of the tunnel composite profile by inputting the coordinates of the diagonal endpoints of the rectangle. , and , Determine the outline shape of the slotting hole area and the floor hole area;

[0085] S15. Generate corresponding contour point set: The composite contour consists of three straight lines and one circular arc, and the rectangular contour consists of four straight lines. Based on the parametric equation expression in S13 and the contour dimension parameters input in S14, generate the corresponding contour point set.

[0086] S151. Calculate the necessary point coordinates and arc angles:

[0087] For composite profiles:

[0088] Calculate the coordinates of the left endpoint of the arc

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] Calculate the angle of the left endpoint of the arc segment

[0092]

[0093] Calculate the angle of the right endpoint of the arc segment

[0094]

[0095] Calculate the coordinates of the right endpoint of the horizontal line.

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] For rectangular outlines:

[0099] Based on the input diagonal point coordinates, such as , By utilizing the symmetry of the rectangle, the coordinates of the remaining two corner points can be calculated.

[0100] S152. Calculate the coordinates of the contour point set:

[0101] For composite profiles:

[0102] For the arc segment of a complex profile, within the angle range Generate equidistant angle sequences within the inner region (For example, taking 100 interpolation points), use parametric equations to calculate the coordinates of each point on the arc.

[0103]

[0104] For the straight line segments of a composite profile, in the normalized parameters Equally spaced internally (For example, taking 30 interpolation points), taking the left straight line segment as an example, the starting point is... The destination is The expression, calculated using parametric equations, is as follows:

[0105]

[0106] For rectangular outlines:

[0107] Based on the coordinates of the four corner points, and referring to the method for generating composite contour line segments, the contour point sets of the four line segments are obtained sequentially.

[0108] S16. Geometric Conflict Judgment: First, determine whether the contour point set of each hole area is inside the closed shape formed by the contour point set of the tunnel cross section. If it exceeds the limit, there is a geometric conflict (output Yes) and prompts you to re-enter the contour size parameters or select the contour shape. If it does not exceed the limit, determine whether the areas formed by the contour point sets of each hole area overlap. If they overlap, there is a geometric conflict (output Yes) and prompts you to re-enter the contour size parameters or select the contour shape. If they do not overlap, there is no geometric conflict (output No).

[0109] Step S16 specifically includes the following steps:

[0110] S161. Data Reading: Read the tunnel cross-section profile parameter equation set in S13 and the profile point set generated in S15.

[0111] S162. Determining whether the hole-laying area is within the tunnel cross-section outline area: This example uses the vertical scan line method to determine geometric conflict relationships and calculates the lateral range of the tunnel cross-section outline point set. (In this example) ), traverse any point of the contour point set of the aperture region Determine whether If it belongs to the category, then there is a geometric conflict (output Yes); otherwise, [output Yes]. Substitute the values ​​into the parametric equations of the tunnel cross-section profile to calculate the boundary values. and Determine whether If it does not belong to the category, there is a geometric conflict (output Yes); otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0112] S163. Determine if there is overlap in the perforation area: In this example, the range of the perforation area is calculated based on the diagonal coordinates of the rectangular cut area and the floor area. (In this example) ), (In this example) The area of ​​the flat ground is (In this example) ), (In this example) The condition for determining overlap is: ,and If the above conditions are met, a geometric conflict exists (output Yes); if not, no geometric conflict exists (output No).

[0113] S17. Output contour point set: If no geometric conflict is found after geometric conflict judgment, the contour point set of the tunnel cross section and the hole layout area will be output respectively.

[0114] S2. Fully automated borehole layout, refer to... Figure 4 and Figure 5 :

[0115] Based on the tunnel cross-section and borehole layout area contour point set data obtained in step S1 and the blasting design parameters input by the user, the coordinates of the cut holes, auxiliary holes, peripheral holes and ground holes are automatically calculated by selecting or customizing preset geometric layout rules, generating a visualized borehole layout scheme and exporting a file containing all borehole information.

[0116] The blasting design parameters mentioned in step S2 include: borehole radius, explosive charge radius, blasting outline offset value, borehole layout strategy in the layout area, distance from the resistance line of the cut area, borehole spacing in the cut area, distance from the resistance line of the ground area, borehole spacing in the ground area, spacing of peripheral holes, distance from the resistance line of auxiliary holes, spacing of auxiliary holes, and minimum borehole spacing.

[0117] The automatic calculation specifically includes:

[0118] S21. Hole area judgment: Whether the slotting hole area, floor hole area and custom area have been set. If they exist, proceed to S22. If they do not exist, proceed directly to S23.

[0119] S22. Hole placement within the hole placement area outline: Read the geometric outline shape and outline point set of the hole placement area defined in step S1, calculate the boundary value range of the hole placement area, select or customize the hole placement strategy of the hole placement area, read the input blasting design parameters, and automatically calculate and generate the spatial coordinates of the blast holes in the hole placement area.

[0120] A detailed explanation will be provided using the slotted area as an example:

[0121] S221. Data Reading: Read the cutout area outline shape (rectangle) defined in S1 and the output cutout area outline point set, and read the calculated cutout area range in S163. (In this example) ), (In this example) ).

[0122] S222. Hole Layout Strategy and Parameter Input: Different hole layout strategies are set for different contour shapes. For rectangles, a straight-line hole layout, a staggered hole layout, or a custom hole layout strategy is set. Specific hole layout parameters (such as borehole spacing, resistance line distance, etc.) are input according to the hole layout strategy. In this example, the slotted area uses a custom vertical parallel hole layout, specifically divided into edge columns and middle columns. The edge columns coincide with the left and right sides of the rectangle, and the middle columns are spaced apart from the edge columns by the resistance line distance. The horizontally evenly distributed resistance line distance between the middle columns The boreholes in each column are evenly distributed according to the set borehole spacing. The input borehole layout parameters for the cut area are read, including the spacing between the middle columns. Spacing of edge row holes Distance of the resistance line in the middle column and the distance between the resistance lines of the middle and edge columns .

[0123] S223. Determine the longitudinal position of the boreholes: For each row of boreholes, cut holes are placed at the beginning and end points. Based on the borehole spacing, the longitudinal (Y-axis) coordinates are determined using an equal-spacing algorithm. Specifically:

[0124] Calculate the number of boreholes required in the vertical direction: Taking the middle column as an example (number of boreholes) )

[0125] +1 (round up)

[0126] Calculate the longitudinal position coordinates of the borehole: Number of boreholes required for uniform generation in the interval There are coordinate points, the i-th point (i=0,1,…,…). ) y-axis satisfy:

[0127]

[0128] S224. Determine the lateral position of the boreholes: The lateral coordinates of the edge rows and the left and right boundaries of the borehole area are the same, and the boreholes are located one resistance line distance inward from each of the left and right edge rows. The middle column is arranged according to the distance of a resistance line. Arranged evenly in the horizontal direction (along the X-axis).

[0129] Calculate the number of columns in the middle column: Column count The calculation is expressed as

[0130]

[0131] Calculate the lateral coordinates of the borehole: the middle column is in Number of columns required for uniform interval generation There are coordinate points, the i-th point (i=1,…,…). x-coordinate satisfy:

[0132]

[0133] The x-coordinates of the left and right edge columns are respectively and .

[0134] S225. Generation and Storage: Convert all coordinate points calculated in steps S223 and S224 into borehole data objects (including borehole type, borehole radius, cartridge radius, borehole length, borehole number, and location coordinates) and store them in the borehole layout set of the current section, thus completing the automatic generation of boreholes within the borehole layout area outline.

[0135] S23. Hole Layout on Tunnel Cross-Section Profile (Peripheral Hole Layout): Based on the profile parameterization method in S1, the spatial coordinates of the peripheral holes are automatically calculated and generated along the geometric profile of the tunnel cross-section according to the preset hole spacing. In this example, the tunnel cross-section profile adopts a composite type, with holes evenly distributed on the left straight segment, the arc line, and the right straight segment according to the peripheral hole spacing.

[0136] It should be noted that when actually arranging the blast holes, the destructive range of the explosives must be considered. The blast holes are not arranged along the designed tunnel cross-section outline, but are offset inward by a certain distance (blasting outline offset value). The offset outline is similar in shape to the tunnel cross-section outline.

[0137] Step S23 specifically includes the following steps:

[0138] S231. Data Reading: Read the tunnel cross-section contour line parameter equation in S1 and input the spacing between peripheral boreholes. , radius of the blast hole Explosion outline offset value a.

[0139] S232. Calculation of Hole Layout Parameters: Based on the parametric equations defined for the tunnel cross-section profile in S1, new profile dimension parameters are calculated according to the blasting profile offset and the borehole radii of the surrounding holes. Specifically, the offset distance A within the profile and the radius of the new profile dimension arc are calculated. Total height Total width The coordinates of the upper endpoint of the left straight line The coordinates of the lower endpoint of the right-hand straight line :

[0140]

[0141]

[0142]

[0143]

[0144]

[0145]

[0146]

[0147] S233. Calculate the position of the boreholes: Starting from the lower end of the left straight line, proceed clockwise along the contour, and arrange the boreholes according to the spacing of the surrounding holes to the lower end of the right straight line.

[0148] Specifically, calculate the total path length. Length of left and right straight segments Calculate using the absolute value of boundary difference Length of the arc segment Using the radius of the arc Calculate by multiplying by the central angle The total length is obtained by adding the straight segments on the left and right to the arc segments. .

[0149] (1) Calculate the number of peripheral holes :

[0150] +1 (round up)

[0151] (2) Calculate the actual spacing between the peripheral holes. :

[0152]

[0153] (3) Calculation of borehole coordinates: According to the actual spacing of the surrounding boreholes, the boreholes are arranged clockwise. It is determined whether the boreholes are in a straight line or an arc. The corresponding borehole coordinates are calculated according to different parametric equations.

[0154] Specifically, within the length range The required number of boreholes are uniformly generated along the outline. For each of the given coordinate points (i=0,1,…), ), calculate the cumulative length of the generated boreholes :

[0155]

[0156] When the cumulative length is less than the length of the left straight segment Using the parametric equation of the line segment, the coordinates of the i-th point are:

[0157]

[0158] When the cumulative length is greater than the length of the left straight segment but less than the length of the left straight segment plus the arc segment Using the parametric equation of the arc segment, the coordinates of the i-th point are:

[0159]

[0160] When the cumulative length is greater than the length of the left straight segment plus the arc segment but less than the total length Using the parametric equation of the line segment, the coordinates of the i-th point are:

[0161]

[0162] S234. Generation and Storage: Convert all coordinate points calculated in step S233 into borehole data objects (including borehole type, borehole radius, cartridge radius, borehole length, borehole number, and location coordinates) and store them in the borehole layout set of the current section, thus completing the automatic generation of boreholes on the tunnel section outline.

[0163] S24. Auxiliary hole layout within the tunnel cross-section outline: In the area within the offset outline, auxiliary holes are laid out according to the set distance from the resistance line. Generate auxiliary hole wiring inwards in successive loops, and arrange the auxiliary hole spacing on each wiring line. The auxiliary holes are arranged, and the calculation method for the borehole coordinates is the same as that in S23. The distance between each auxiliary hole and all generated boreholes is calculated, and auxiliary holes that do not meet the minimum borehole spacing requirement are deleted to obtain the final auxiliary hole coordinates.

[0164] Specifically, the auxiliary hole layout includes the following steps:

[0165] S241. Calculate the number of auxiliary hole rows: based on the offset contour line width. Based on the distance of the input auxiliary hole resistance line Calculate the number of auxiliary holes for +1

[0166] S242. Calculate the actual auxiliary hole resistance line distance. ,

[0167] S243 Calculates auxiliary hole coordinates: For offsetting, the contour line is offset inward row by row. Auxiliary holes are arranged on the offset contour line according to the spacing of the auxiliary holes and the coordinates are calculated. This step is the same as S231-S233, and will not be repeated here.

[0168] S244 Determines Minimum Hole Spacing: This function checks whether the straight-line distance between the generated auxiliary holes and existing blast holes meets the minimum hole spacing requirement. Auxiliary holes that do not meet the requirement are deleted. This prevents the generated blast holes within the S22 hole layout area from being too densely packed, which could affect the actual construction results.

[0169] S245 Generation and Storage: Convert all the coordinate points calculated above into borehole data objects (including borehole type, borehole radius, cartridge radius, borehole length, borehole number, and location coordinates) and store them in the borehole layout set of the current section, thus completing the automatic generation of auxiliary boreholes.

[0170] In step S2, after automatically calculating the coordinates of the slotting holes, auxiliary holes, peripheral holes, and ground holes through the above steps, a visualized borehole layout scheme is generated, and a file including the coordinates of all boreholes is exported. Specifically, it also includes:

[0171] S25. Visualization of borehole scheme: Generate a visualization interface, refer to... Figure 7 It visually displays the tunnel cross-section outline and all blast holes categorized by type (cut holes, auxiliary holes, peripheral holes, and ground holes) and displayed in different colors. Users can adjust any parameter in real time, and the interface will refresh the hole layout results synchronously, enabling interactive design.

[0172] S26. Exporting borehole data: Outputs a borehole coordinate file. This example uses the .csv format.

[0173] S3. Numerical model is automatically generated, referencing... Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 :

[0174] Read the point set data of the tunnel cross-section contour obtained in step S1 and the borehole information file exported in step S2, and drive the finite element preprocessing software (such as HyperMesh) through the script program to automatically perform the following operations: create three-dimensional geometry of boreholes, rock mass and explosive cartridges according to coordinates; perform Boolean operations and geometric cutting to form a mappable geometry; divide into high-quality hexahedral meshes; and finally export the analysis model file that can be calculated by the finite element solver (such as LS-DYNA).

[0175] The step S3, which involves driving the finite element preprocessing software via a script program, specifically involves: in a programming environment (such as the Python language framework), based on the contour feature data and borehole layout information, writing a script command stream (such as a complete instruction sequence of Tcl / Tk script command stream (applicable to the command.tcl file of HyperMesh)) that can be recognized by the preprocessing software, including creating geometry, Boolean operations, geometric sectioning, mesh generation, and exporting calculation files, to ensure consistency with the borehole design program language, and to control the finite element preprocessing software to automatically and in batches execute modeling operations;

[0176] The operations automatically executed by the script command stream include:

[0177] S31. Geometry Creation: Read the borehole data (such as borehole coordinates, borehole radius, and charge radius) from the automatically generated borehole information file, create cylinders representing boreholes, cuboids representing rock masses, and cylinders representing charge charges, and assign them to different geometric components;

[0178] S32. Boolean operation: Perform the operation of subtracting the borehole geometry from the rock mass geometry to form a rock mass model with holes, and perform the operation of subtracting the charge geometry from the borehole geometry to form a charge cavity;

[0179] S33. Geometric Contact Processing: Merge the geometry in the rock mass, borehole, and cartridge assembly to make their contact surfaces form a common surface;

[0180] S34. Geometric Sectioning and Mappable Volume Generation: Create sectioning lines based on the tunnel cross-section outline and borehole perimeter, and use these sectioning lines to segment the geometry after Boolean operations to form a mappable geometry.

[0181] S35. Mesh Generation and Processing: Two-dimensional planar meshes are generated for the mappable surfaces of the mappable geometry, and the two-dimensional meshes are stretched into three-dimensional hexahedral meshes; a portion of the mesh is copied to create an air domain; common node processing is performed on the meshes of the air domain, the cartridge domain, and the rock mass domain to establish correct contact relationships;

[0182] S36. Numerical Model Export: Based on the actual finite element preprocessing software used, export the generated numerical model as the corresponding source file format and store it in the specified file path.

[0183] Specifically, the operation sequence automatically executed by the Tcl / Tk script command stream includes the following detailed steps:

[0184] S31. Geometry Creation:

[0185] S311. Borehole Geometry Creation: Based on the read borehole coordinates, borehole length, and borehole radius, create N cylinders (total number of boreholes) representing the boreholes. Create three components: explosive1, temp1, and temp2, representing the storage of the boreholes and the storage of copied boreholes. Place the generated borehole cylinders into the explosive1 component (representing the storage of boreholes), and simultaneously copy two identical geometries, placing them into the temp1 and temp2 components (representing the storage of copied boreholes), respectively.

[0186] S312. Rock Mass Geometry Creation: Based on the tunnel cross-section outline dimensions, generate a cuboid representing the rock mass that is large enough to encompass all the blast holes (typically 3-5 times the outline size). Create a rock component to represent and store the rock mass, and place the generated cuboid into it.

[0187] S313. Draft Geometry Creation: Based on the read borehole coordinates, draft radius, and draft length, create a cylinder representing the draft. Create the `explosive2` and `temp3` components to represent the storage of the draft and the copied draft. Place the generated draft cylinder into the `explosive2` component (representing the storage of the draft), and make a copy in the `temp3` component (representing the storage of the copied draft).

[0188] S32. Boolean operations:

[0189] Perform a Boolean subtraction operation on the rock component, which represents the stored rock mass, and subtract all the borehole cylinders in the temp1 component, which represents the stored borehole component, to "drill" all the boreholes on the rock mass.

[0190] Perform a Boolean subtraction operation by subtracting the cylinder of the explosive cartridge in the temp3 component, which represents the storage of the explosive hole, from the cylinder of the explosive hole in the explosive1 component, which represents the storage of the copy, thereby creating a charging space within the explosive hole.

[0191] S33. Geometric Contact Processing: Merge the geometry in the components rock, explosive1, and explosive2 that represent the stored rock mass, stored borehole, and stored explosive cartridge, so that the contact surfaces between them form common surfaces, laying the foundation for the subsequent common node processing of the mesh.

[0192] S34. Geometric Sectioning and Mappable Volume Generation:

[0193] S341. Section Line Drawing: Read the tunnel cross-section outline and borehole circumference information, and create section lines along the tunnel cross-section outline and around each borehole. Create a geometry component to represent the stored geometric section lines, and place all drawn section lines into it;

[0194] S342. Geometry Splitting: Using the split command, based on the section lines in the geometry component representing the storage geometry, the complex geometry in the rock, explosive1, and explosive2 components representing the storage rock mass, storage boreholes, and storage cartridges is automatically split into a single multi-line operation according to the section lines, forming a mappable geometry (that is, a simple geometry that can be generated into a hexahedral mesh through a mapping algorithm).

[0195] S35. Mesh Generation and Processing:

[0196] S351. Two-dimensional surface mesh generation: For the mappable surfaces of mappable geometries in the components rock, explosive1 and explosive2 that represent stored rock mass, stored borehole and stored explosive cartridge, divide them into two-dimensional planar meshes according to the set mesh size and division method, and set the generated two-dimensional meshes to be placed in the original components accordingly;

[0197] S352. Mesh Quality Check and Adjustment: If the mesh quality is unsatisfactory, adjustments can be made to the local mesh using the interactive interface window of the preprocessing software, such as... Figure 9 As shown;

[0198] S353. 3D volume mesh generation: Generate a 3D hexahedral mesh from a 2D mesh using the Drag command, and place the generated 3D mesh into the existing component;

[0199] S354. 2D Mesh Cleanup: Select all 2D mesh cells according to mesh type and delete them;

[0200] S355. Air Domain Creation: Create an air component to represent the storage of air. Copy the 3D units from the rock and explosive1 components, which represent the storage of rock and borehole components, to the air component to simulate the air domain within the borehole and charge space.

[0201] S356. Common Node Handling: Discretize all 3D elements using the detach command, then perform common node operations on the elements in the air and explosive2 components representing the air and explosive2 components, and then perform common node operations on the elements in the rock component representing the rock mass. This step ensures that the mesh nodes between different material domains are correctly connected to establish effective mechanical contact relationships;

[0202] S36. Model Export: The script automatically exports all three-dimensional hexahedral elements from the air, rock, and explosive2 components, representing air, rock, and explosive respectively, to a standard format finite element calculation file (e.g., the .k file corresponding to the LS-DYNA solver) to the specified file path. This file can be directly submitted for numerical simulation of the dynamic response of full-section tunnel blasting.

[0203] This invention deeply integrates the two key aspects of "intelligent parametric layout design of full-section blast holes" and "automatic generation of high-quality and efficient numerical models," realizing the automated and batch generation from parametric design of blast hole layout schemes to numerical models. It can rapidly generate blast hole layout schemes and corresponding numerical models under arbitrary tunnel contour dimensions and blast hole layout parameters, providing strong technical support and guarantee for the prediction of tunnel blasting effects and the adjustment and optimization of blast hole layout schemes.

[0204] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for parametric hole layout design and automatic numerical model generation in tunnel blasting, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Parameterization of tunnel cross-section and borehole area contours: Establish a design coordinate system, select or customize the shape of the tunnel cross-section contour and borehole area contour, where the borehole area contour can be selected as the slotting borehole area, the ground borehole area, or a custom area. Define the geometric shape of the tunnel cross-section contour and borehole area contour in parametric equation form. Generate the corresponding contour point set based on the input contour dimension parameters. Determine whether there is a geometric conflict between the two contour point sets. If there is a conflict, re-enter the contour dimension parameters or select the contour shape. If there is no conflict, output the corresponding contour point set. S2. Automatic layout of all blast holes: Based on the contour point set data of the tunnel cross section and the hole layout area obtained in step S1 and the blasting design parameters input by the user, the coordinates of the cut holes, auxiliary holes, peripheral holes and ground holes are automatically calculated by selecting or customizing the preset geometric layout rules, generating a visual blast hole layout scheme, and exporting a file containing all blast hole information. The blasting design parameters include: borehole radius, explosive charge radius, blasting outline offset value, borehole layout strategy in the layout area, distance from the resistance line of the cut area, borehole spacing in the cut area, distance from the resistance line of the ground area, borehole spacing in the ground area, spacing of peripheral boreholes, distance from the resistance line of auxiliary boreholes, spacing of auxiliary boreholes, and minimum borehole spacing. S3. Automatic generation of numerical model: Read the point set data of the tunnel cross-section contour obtained in step S1 and the borehole information file exported in step S2, and drive the finite element preprocessing software through the script program to automatically perform the following operations: create three-dimensional geometry of borehole, rock mass and explosive cartridge according to coordinates; perform Boolean operations and geometric cutting to form a mappable geometry; divide into high-quality hexahedral meshes; and finally export the analysis model file that can be calculated by the finite element solver. The step S3, which describes driving the finite element preprocessing software through a script program, specifically involves: in a programming environment, based on the contour feature data and borehole layout information, writing a script command stream that the preprocessing software can recognize, including creating geometry, Boolean operations, geometric cutting, mesh generation, and exporting calculation files, to ensure consistency with the borehole design program language, and to control the finite element preprocessing software to automatically and in batches perform modeling operations; The automatic execution of the script command stream includes: S31. Geometry Creation: Based on the input borehole layout information, read the borehole data from the automatically generated borehole information file, create cylinders representing boreholes, cuboids representing rock masses, and cylinders representing explosive charges, and assign them to different geometric components. S32. Boolean operation: Perform the operation of subtracting the borehole geometry from the rock mass geometry to form a rock mass model with holes, and perform the operation of subtracting the charge geometry from the borehole geometry to form a charge cavity; S33. Geometric Contact Processing: Merge the geometry in the rock mass, borehole, and cartridge assembly to make their contact surfaces form a common surface; S34. Geometric Sectioning and Mappable Volume Generation: Create sectioning lines based on the tunnel cross-section outline and borehole perimeter, and use these sectioning lines to segment the geometry after Boolean operations to form a mappable geometry. S35. Mesh Generation and Processing: Two-dimensional planar meshes are generated for the mappable surfaces of the mappable geometry, and the two-dimensional meshes are stretched into three-dimensional hexahedral meshes; a portion of the mesh is copied to create an air domain; common node processing is performed on the meshes of the air domain, the cartridge domain, and the rock mass domain to establish correct contact relationships; S36. Numerical Model Export: Based on the actual finite element preprocessing software used, export the generated numerical model as the corresponding source file format and store it in the specified file path.

2. The method for parametric hole layout design and automatic numerical model generation of tunnel blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 specifically includes: S11. Establish a coordinate system; S12. Define geometric profile shape: Select the profile shape of the tunnel cross section and the borehole area respectively; S13. Parametric Equation Expression of Tunnel Profile: The tunnel cross-section profile and the borehole area profile are expressed using parametric equations; S14. Input the contour dimension parameters; S15. Generate the corresponding contour point set: Calculate and generate the coordinates of the contour point set based on the parametric equation and the input dimension parameters; S16. Geometric Conflict Judgment: First, determine whether the contour point set of each hole area is inside the closed shape formed by the contour point set of the tunnel section. If it exceeds the limit, there is a geometric conflict and you will be prompted to re-enter the contour size parameters or select the contour shape. If it does not exceed the limit, determine whether the area formed by the contour point set of each hole area overlaps. If it overlaps, there is a geometric conflict and you will be prompted to re-enter the contour size parameters or select the contour shape. If it does not overlap, there is no geometric conflict. S17. Output contour point set: If no geometric conflict is found after geometric conflict judgment, the contour point set of the tunnel cross section and the hole layout area will be output respectively.

3. The method for parametric hole layout design and automatic numerical model generation of tunnel blasting according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The automatic calculation mentioned in step S2 specifically includes: S21. Hole area judgment: whether the slotting hole area, floor hole area and custom area have been set. If they exist, proceed to S22. If they do not exist, proceed directly to S23. S22. Hole placement within the hole placement area outline: Read the geometric outline shape and outline point set of the hole placement area defined in step S1, calculate the boundary value range of the hole placement area, select or customize the hole placement strategy of the hole placement area, read the input blasting design parameters, and automatically calculate and generate the spatial coordinates of the blast holes in the hole placement area. S23. Hole layout on the tunnel cross-section contour line: Based on the contour parameterization method of S1, the spatial coordinates of the surrounding holes are automatically calculated and generated along the geometric contour line of the tunnel cross-section according to the preset hole spacing. S24. Hole arrangement within the tunnel cross-section outline: In the area within the offset outline, auxiliary hole lines are generated inward in circles according to the set auxiliary hole resistance line distance. Auxiliary holes are arranged on each line according to the auxiliary hole spacing. The calculation method for the blast hole coordinates is the same as in S23. The distance between each auxiliary hole and all generated blast holes is calculated. Auxiliary holes that do not meet the minimum blast hole spacing requirement are deleted to obtain the final auxiliary hole coordinates.

4. The method for parametric hole layout design and automatic numerical model generation of tunnel blasting according to claim 3, characterized in that, The specific arrangement of holes within the slotted hole area in step S22 includes: S221. Data Reading: Read the cutout area contour shape defined in S1 and the output cutout area contour point set and range; S222. Hole Layout Strategy and Parameter Input: For different contour shapes, set different hole layout strategies. For rectangles, set straight hole, quincunx hole, or custom hole layout strategies. Input specific hole layout parameters according to the hole layout strategy. S223. Determine the longitudinal position of the boreholes: For each row of boreholes, cut holes are arranged at the beginning and end points. Based on the borehole spacing, the longitudinal coordinates are determined using the equal-spacing algorithm. S224. Determine the lateral position of the boreholes: The lateral coordinates of the edge columns and the left and right boundaries of the borehole area are the same. The boreholes are arranged laterally at a distance of one resistance line from the left and right edge columns. The middle columns are evenly arranged laterally at a distance of one resistance line. S225. Generation and Storage: Convert all coordinate points calculated in steps S223 and S224 into borehole data objects and store them in the borehole layout set of the current section, thus completing the automatic generation of boreholes within the borehole layout area outline.

5. The method for parametric hole layout design and automatic numerical model generation of tunnel blasting according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S23 specifically includes: S231. Data Reading: Read the tunnel cross-section contour line parameter equation in S1, input the spacing between peripheral holes, the radius of peripheral holes, and the offset value of the blasting contour line; S232. Calculation of hole layout path parameters: Based on the parametric equation definition of the tunnel cross-section profile in S1, calculate the new profile dimension parameters according to the offset value of the blasting profile line and the blast hole radius of the surrounding holes. S233. Calculate the position of the boreholes: Starting from the lower end of the left straight line, proceed clockwise along the contour, and arrange the boreholes according to the spacing of the surrounding holes to the lower end of the right straight line; S234. Generation and Storage: Convert all coordinate points calculated in step S233 into borehole data objects and store them in the borehole layout set of the current section, thus completing the automatic generation of boreholes on the tunnel section outline.

6. The method for parametric hole layout design and automatic numerical model generation of tunnel blasting according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S2 also includes: S25. Hole Scheme Visualization: Generates a visualization interface that intuitively displays the tunnel cross-section outline and all blast holes displayed by category and color. Users can adjust any parameter in real time, and the interface will refresh the hole layout results synchronously to achieve interactive design. S26. Export borehole data: Output borehole coordinate file.

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