Dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna and base station

Abstract

The invention provides a dual-polarization Vivaldi antenna and a base station, the dual-polarization Vivaldi antenna comprises two Vivaldi antenna units which are arranged in a polarization orthogonality mode, each Vivaldi antenna unit comprises a substrate, a radiation layer is arranged on the front face of each substrate, a gradually-changed open slot is formed in each radiation layer, a feed balun is arranged on the back face of each substrate, and the feed balun is arranged on the back face of each substrate. The input end of the feed balun is used for being electrically connected with an external feed network, the feed balun is in coupling connection with the radiation layer, the feed balun is provided with an open-circuit notch to form an open-circuit section and a separated section, and the open-circuit section is connected with the separated section through a resistor. According to the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna, each Vivaldi antenna unit feeds through a feed balun, the feed balun is provided with an open circuit gap, the open circuit gap divides the feed balun into an open circuit section and a separated section which are not connected with each other, the open circuit section and the separated section are connected with each other through a resistor, impedance matching is achieved by means of the resistor, and the open circuit section and the separated section are matched with each other. And the radiation performance of the dual polarization Vivaldi antenna is optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mobile communication technology, specifically relating to a dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna and a base station configured with the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of wireless communication system antenna applications, Vivaldi antennas have become an ideal choice for many scenarios due to their superior performance, enjoying widespread popularity and application. Vivaldi antennas offer significant advantages, with their wide bandwidth characteristics being particularly outstanding. They can operate stably over an extremely wide frequency range, adapting to the communication needs of various frequency bands.

[0003] However, existing Vivaldi antennas have performance problems that urgently need to be addressed, with impedance matching defects being particularly prominent. Impedance matching is a key indicator for measuring the energy transfer efficiency between the antenna and transmission lines, feed sources, and other components. Good matching allows signals to propagate between the antenna and transmission lines with minimal reflection and loss, improving radiation efficiency and ensuring accurate signal transmission; poor matching, on the other hand, can cause numerous problems.

[0004] Impedance matching is particularly problematic and unsatisfactory in dual-polarized Vivaldi antennas. Dual-polarized Vivaldi antennas aim to transmit signals in two orthogonal polarization directions (such as horizontal and vertical polarization), making their structure and operating principle more complex than single-polarized antennas. In dual-polarized antennas, the signals from the two polarization directions couple with each other, resulting in a more complex electromagnetic field distribution within the antenna, which significantly increases the difficulty of impedance matching.

[0005] Poor impedance matching can have a variety of serious negative impacts on the radiation performance of dual-polarized Vivaldi antennas. From the perspective of S-parameters, which reflect the signal transmission characteristics between the antenna's input and output ports, the S11 parameter represents the antenna's reflection coefficient. When impedance matching is poor, the S11 parameter increases significantly, meaning that a large amount of signal is reflected back at the antenna ports instead of being effectively radiated. Signal reflection leads to increased signal loss during transmission, reducing the antenna's radiation efficiency and weakening the actual signal strength reaching the receiver. For example, in some communication systems with high signal strength requirements, poor impedance matching may result in insufficient signal strength, thus affecting communication quality and reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The primary objective of this invention is to solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems by providing a dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna and base station.

[0007] To achieve the various objectives of this invention, the following technical solution is adopted: To meet one of the objectives of this invention, a dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna is provided, comprising two Vivaldi antenna elements arranged orthogonally with polarization. Each Vivaldi antenna element includes a substrate, a radiating layer on the front side of the substrate, a gradient opening slot on the radiating layer, and a feed balun on the back side of the substrate. The input terminal of the feed balun is used for electrical connection with an external feed network. The feed balun is coupled to the radiating layer. The feed balun has an open circuit notch to form an open circuit segment and a separation segment, which are connected by a resistor.

[0008] In one embodiment, the open section includes a feed section, a connecting section, and a disconnect section connected in sequence, the disconnect gap is disposed between the disconnect section and the separation section, one end of the feed section constitutes the input terminal, and the feed section and the separation section are arranged parallel to each other.

[0009] In one embodiment, the gradient opening groove extends vertically, and a narrow opening and a wide opening are formed at both ends of the gradient opening groove, respectively. A resonant cavity is formed on the radiation layer, and the resonant cavity is connected to the narrow opening.

[0010] In one embodiment, the resonant cavity is rectangular.

[0011] In one embodiment, the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna further includes a ground plane, a grounding layer is provided on the ground plane, the Vivaldi antenna element is vertically disposed on the ground plane, and the radiating layer is electrically connected to the grounding layer.

[0012] In one embodiment, the resonant cavity is disposed at the bottom of the substrate and is connected to the ground layer.

[0013] In one embodiment, the two Vivaldi antenna elements are a first Vivaldi antenna element and a second Vivaldi antenna element. A insertion slot is formed vertically from the bottom of the first substrate of the first Vivaldi antenna element, and a insertion slot is formed vertically from the top of the second substrate of the second Vivaldi antenna element. The insertion slots of the first substrate and the second substrate are interlocked to make the first Vivaldi antenna element and the second Vivaldi antenna element orthogonally arranged.

[0014] In one embodiment, the first substrate and the second substrate are interlocked to form four partitioned areas, each partitioned area is equipped with an absorbing block, and each absorbing block is located on the ground plane. The absorbing blocks are made of absorbing material.

[0015] In one embodiment, the Vivaldi antenna element is further configured with an RF connector that is connected to the input of the feed balun.

[0016] In one embodiment, the width of the Vivaldi antenna element is 0.025 times the low-frequency operating wavelength of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna, and the vertical height of the Vivaldi antenna element is 0.06 times the low-frequency operating wavelength of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna.

[0017] To suit one of the purposes of this invention, a base station is provided, comprising a reflector and a plurality of dual-polarized Vivaldi antennas as described in any of the preceding purposes disposed on the reflector, the plurality of dual-polarized Vivaldi antennas constituting an antenna array.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention has many advantages, including but not limited to: Impedance matching plays a crucial role in the radiation performance of an antenna. Impedance mismatch leads to signal reflection, reduces antenna radiation efficiency, and affects overall antenna performance. The dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna provided by this invention innovatively incorporates an open-circuit notch in the feed balun, dividing it into unconnected open-circuit and separated sections. These open-circuit and separated sections are interconnected via resistors. This resistor connection method allows for precise adjustment of the feed balun's impedance characteristics. By appropriately selecting the resistor value, the impedance of the feed balun can be well matched with the impedance of the external feed network and the radiating layer. Compared to previous methods that relied on complex circuits or special materials for impedance matching, the resistor connection method of this invention is simpler and more efficient, achieving good impedance matching results at a lower cost and with a simpler process, thereby effectively reducing signal reflection and improving antenna radiation efficiency.

[0019] Thanks to the excellent impedance matching achieved, the radiation performance of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna of this invention is significantly optimized. In dual-polarization applications, two orthogonally polarized Vivaldi antenna elements need to operate simultaneously and efficiently. Good impedance matching ensures that each antenna element can efficiently convert the input electrical energy into electromagnetic waves for radiation. This not only improves the antenna gain but also enables effective signal transmission over greater distances. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna according to a typical embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 The diagram shows the front and back views of the first Vivaldi antenna element of a dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna according to a typical embodiment of the present invention, wherein the left side is a front view of the first Vivaldi antenna element and the right side is a back view of the first Vivaldi antenna element.

[0022] Figure 3 The diagram shows the front and back views of the second Vivaldi antenna element of a dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna according to a typical embodiment of the present invention, wherein the left side is a front view of the second Vivaldi antenna element and the right side is a back view of the second Vivaldi antenna element.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the base station structure according to a typical embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 The image shows the S-parameters of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna in a typical embodiment of the present invention in the frequency range of 1-20 GHz.

[0025] Figure 6 This is the horizontal radiation pattern of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna according to a typical embodiment of the present invention when it operates at 1 GHz.

[0026] Figure 7 This is the horizontal radiation pattern of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna operating at 5 GHz, according to a typical embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is the horizontal radiation pattern of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna according to a typical embodiment of the present invention when it operates at 10 GHz.

[0028] Figure 9 This is the horizontal radiation pattern of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna operating at 15 GHz, according to a typical embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 10 This is the horizontal radiation pattern of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna according to a typical embodiment of the present invention when it operates at 20 GHz. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0031] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term “comprising” as used in this specification means the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, nor does it exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we say an element is “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. Furthermore, “connected” or “coupled” as used herein can include wireless connections or wireless coupling. The term “and / or” as used herein includes all or any units and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0032] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined as herein.

[0033] This invention provides a dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna, in which each Vivaldi antenna element is fed via a feed balun. The feed balun has an open-circuit notch that divides it into unconnected open-circuit and separated sections. These open-circuit and separated sections are interconnected via resistors, achieving impedance matching and thus optimizing the radiation performance of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna.

[0034] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, combined with Figures 1 to 3 The dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna 10 includes a ground plane 100 and two Vivaldi antenna elements 200. The two Vivaldi antenna elements 200 are orthogonally polarized and are both vertically mounted on the ground plane 100. The Vivaldi antenna elements 200 are electrically connected to the ground plane 100 to achieve grounding.

[0035] In this invention, the Vivaldi antenna element 200 can be regarded as a single independent Vivaldi antenna. The dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna 10 is composed of two Vivaldi antenna elements 200. These two Vivaldi antenna elements 200 operate in horizontal polarization and vertical polarization respectively, and are arranged in a polarization orthogonal manner, thereby jointly constituting the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna 10.

[0036] The Vivaldi antenna element 200 includes a substrate 210, on the front side 211 of the substrate 210, a radiating layer 220 is provided, and a gradient opening slot 221 is formed on the radiating layer 220. Each pair of slot lines 2211 of the gradient opening slot 221 is parabolic in shape, and the pair of slot lines 2211 are respectively located on both sides of the vertical axis of the substrate 210, and are symmetrically distributed about the vertical central axis.

[0037] A power supply balun 230 is disposed on the reverse side 212 of the substrate 210. This power supply balun 230 is coupled to the radiating layer 220 disposed on the front side 211 of the substrate 210. The power supply balun 230 has an input terminal 231 for electrical connection with an external power supply network. During operation, the external power supply network supplies power to the power supply balun 230, which then supplies power to the radiating layer 220 via coupling, thereby stimulating the radiating layer 220 to radiate signals.

[0038] Specifically, the power supply balun 230 includes a feed section 232, a connecting section 233, and an end section. One end of the feed section 232 serves as the input terminal 231 of the power supply balun 230, used for electrical connection to an external power supply network. The two ends of the connecting section 233 are connected to the feed section 232 and the end section, respectively, to construct a signal transmission path.

[0039] Both the feed section 232 and the end section extend vertically along the substrate 210 and are arranged parallel to each other, but facing opposite directions. The connecting section 233 is arranged laterally and its function is to effectively connect the feed section 232 and the end section to ensure the continuity of signal transmission.

[0040] Furthermore, a break-circuit gap 235 is provided on the end segment, dividing the end segment into two unconnected sections: a disconnected section 236 and a separated section 237. The disconnected section 236 is connected to the connecting section 233, while the separated section 237 is neither connected to the connecting section 233 nor to the feed-in section 232. In this embodiment, the section formed by the feed-in section 232, the connecting section 233, and the disconnected section 236 is designated as an open-circuit section. In other words, the break-circuit gap 235 divides the power supply balun 230 into two independent parts: an open-circuit section and a separated section 237.

[0041] A resistor 240 is installed at the open circuit gap 235, which electrically connects the open circuit section and the separation section 237. This electrical connection effectively adjusts the input impedance of the Vivaldi antenna element 200 to match the characteristic impedance of the feeding system, thus achieving impedance matching. After impedance matching is achieved, signal reflection caused by impedance mismatch is significantly reduced, thereby reducing energy loss and allowing more electromagnetic energy to be radiated efficiently. This optimizes the radiation performance of the Vivaldi antenna element 200, improving key performance indicators such as radiation efficiency and gain.

[0042] In one embodiment, a resistor 240 with a resistance of approximately 200Ω is recommended. This achieves a relatively ideal impedance matching effect for the small-sized Vivaldi antenna element 200. This is because the electrical characteristics of the small-sized Vivaldi antenna element 200 differ from those of conventionally sized elements. Using a resistor 240 with this resistance value allows for better adjustment of the matching degree between the antenna element's input impedance and the characteristic impedance of the feed system, further reducing the reflection coefficient and improving energy transmission efficiency. This good impedance matching helps optimize the radiation performance of the entire dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna 10, enabling more uniform and efficient radiation in both horizontal and vertical polarization directions. It also improves the overall radiation directivity, beamwidth, and other performance parameters of the antenna, meeting the performance requirements of different application scenarios.

[0043] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, the gradient opening groove 221 is provided with two openings. Since both pairs of groove lines 2211 of the gradient opening groove 221 are parabolic in shape, and these pairs of groove lines 2211 are respectively arranged on both sides of the vertical central axis of the substrate 210, and are symmetrically distributed about the vertical axis, this structural feature results in a difference in the size of the two openings of the gradient opening groove 221. Specifically, the relatively larger opening is defined as the wide opening 2212, and the relatively smaller opening is defined as the narrow opening 2213, wherein the narrow opening 2213 is located closer to the ground plane 100 than the wide opening 2212.

[0044] A resonant cavity 240 is disposed on the radiating layer 220. This resonant cavity 240 has an opening, which will be referred to as the connection port for ease of subsequent description. The connection port communicates with the narrow opening 2213 of the gradient opening slot 221, thus establishing an effective connection between the entire gradient opening slot 221 and the resonant cavity 240. Specifically, the resonant cavity 240 plays a positive role in adjusting the impedance matching of low-frequency signals. During antenna operation, the transmission and radiation of low-frequency signals are often affected by impedance mismatch, leading to increased signal reflection and reduced transmission efficiency. By setting up the resonant cavity 240, the impedance characteristics in the low-frequency band can be effectively improved, allowing the antenna to better match with external circuits in the low-frequency band and reducing signal reflection.

[0045] Meanwhile, the resonant cavity 240 also helps to improve the antenna's impedance bandwidth. Impedance bandwidth is an important indicator of antenna performance, reflecting the range of frequencies over which the antenna can maintain good impedance matching characteristics. The presence of the resonant cavity 240 enables the antenna to achieve effective energy transfer and radiation over a wider frequency range, thereby broadening the antenna's impedance bandwidth.

[0046] In addition, a grounding layer (not shown) is provided on the top surface of the grounding plate 100, and the bottom end of the radiating layer 220 is electrically connected to the grounding layer. This electrical connection ensures that the Vivaldi antenna unit 200 can effectively achieve the grounding function, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the antenna during operation.

[0047] The resonant cavity 240 is disposed in the bottom region of the radiating layer 220. Spatially, this means that the resonant cavity 240 and the ground layer are adjacent to each other. More specifically, the resonant cavity 240 is directly connected to the ground layer. This direct connection effectively extends the grounding path, the length of which significantly impacts the antenna's performance and size. Extending the grounding path can reduce the overall size of the Vivaldi antenna element 200 to some extent, which is crucial for miniaturizing the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna 10, enabling it to better meet the stringent size requirements of modern electronic devices.

[0048] In this embodiment, the length of the grounding path can be controlled by adjusting the size of the resonant cavity 240. Since different application scenarios and design requirements may have different size requirements for the Vivaldi antenna element 200, adjusting the size of the resonant cavity 240 to control the grounding path length allows the antenna element to be adapted to Vivaldi antenna designs of different sizes. This flexibility greatly expands the application range of this antenna structure, enabling its widespread use in various electronic devices and communication systems, thus improving the product's versatility and market competitiveness.

[0049] In one specific embodiment, the resonant cavity 240 is a rectangular structure. The length and width of this rectangular resonant cavity 240 can be flexibly adjusted according to factors such as the actual operating frequency of the Vivaldi antenna element 200, radiation performance requirements, and overall size limitations. For example, when the operating frequency is low, the length and width of the resonant cavity 240 can be appropriately increased to enhance its resonant response capability to low-frequency signals, thereby improving the radiation characteristics in the low-frequency band; while in application scenarios with strict limitations on the overall size of the antenna, the size of the resonant cavity 240 needs to be minimized as much as possible while meeting the radiation performance requirements.

[0050] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna 10 includes two Vivaldi antenna elements 200, defined as a first Vivaldi antenna element 310 and a second Vivaldi antenna element 320, respectively. The first Vivaldi antenna element 310 and the second Vivaldi antenna element 320 are mutually orthogonal in polarization, specifically, one antenna element operates in horizontal polarization while the other operates in vertical polarization.

[0051] In this embodiment, a connector slot (defined as a first connector slot 312) is formed on the substrate corresponding to the first Vivaldi antenna unit 310 (referred to as the first substrate 311 for ease of description). The first connector slot 312 extends vertically from the bottom of the first substrate 311 toward the top of the first substrate 311. Correspondingly, a connector slot (defined as a second connector slot 322) is also formed on the substrate corresponding to the second Vivaldi antenna unit 320 (referred to as the second substrate 321 for ease of description). The second connector slot 322 extends vertically from the top of the second substrate 321 toward the bottom of the second substrate 321.

[0052] The first insertion slot 312 of the first substrate 311 and the second insertion slot 322 of the second substrate 321 can cooperate with each other and perform insertion operations. After the insertion is completed, the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321 are inserted and fixed to each other, thereby making the first Vivaldi antenna element 310 and the second Vivaldi antenna element 320 tightly inserted together, thus achieving the layout requirement of orthogonal polarization of the two antenna elements.

[0053] In one specific embodiment, the first Vivaldi antenna element 310 is explicitly defined as a horizontally polarized Vivaldi antenna, while the second Vivaldi antenna element 320 is a vertically polarized Vivaldi antenna. This explicit polarization setting helps to flexibly configure and use the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna 10 according to different communication needs and scenarios in practical applications.

[0054] In one embodiment, combined Figure 1 When the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321 are interlocked, four relatively independent and clearly defined partition areas are naturally formed within the space enclosed by them. Each of these four partition areas is equipped with an absorbing block 330. Each absorbing block 330 is located on the top surface of the ground plane 100. The absorbing block 330 is made of a wave-absorbing material with wave-absorbing properties, possessing efficient absorption capabilities for electromagnetic waves and effectively absorbing different types of electromagnetic waves over a wide frequency range.

[0055] During antenna operation, reflected waves are inevitably generated. If these reflected waves are not properly handled, they will undergo multiple reflections within the antenna, leading to signal interference and energy loss, and consequently affecting the antenna's impedance matching characteristics. By incorporating the absorbing block 330, these reflected waves can be efficiently absorbed, converting their electromagnetic energy into heat or other forms of energy for dissipation. This significantly reduces the interference of reflected waves on the normal operation of the antenna, facilitates good impedance matching, and allows the antenna to maintain a low reflection coefficient at different frequencies, thereby improving signal transmission efficiency.

[0056] Meanwhile, the placement of the absorbing block 330 also plays a positive role in improving the cross-polarization level. In the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna 10, the cross-polarization level is an important indicator of antenna performance, reflecting the degree of separation of radiated energy in different polarization directions. By absorbing some reflected waves from undesired polarization directions, the absorbing block 330 reduces the mutual coupling between different polarization directions, making the antenna's radiation in the horizontal and vertical polarization directions purer and more independent, thereby effectively improving the cross-polarization level.

[0057] In one embodiment, the Vivaldi antenna element 200 is equipped with an RF connector 340, which establishes a robust and reliable physical connection with the input terminal 231 of the feed balun 230. Simultaneously, the RF connector 340 also establishes an effective electrical connection with an external feed network. The electrical signals generated by the external feed network can be smoothly transmitted to the feed balun 230 through the RF connector 340. In actual operation, the external feed network acts as a signal source, providing the necessary power and signals to the entire antenna system, while the RF connector 340 acts as a bridge, accurately guiding the power and signals from the external feed network to the feed balun 230. The feed balun 230 further processes and converts the input signals appropriately to meet the operating requirements of the Vivaldi antenna element 200, thereby ensuring that the antenna can radiate and receive electromagnetic waves normally and efficiently.

[0058] In one embodiment, the width of the Vivaldi antenna element 200 is 0.025 times the low-frequency operating wavelength of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna 10. Simultaneously, the vertical height of the Vivaldi antenna element 200 is 0.06 times the low-frequency operating wavelength of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna 10. By controlling the width and vertical height of the Vivaldi antenna element 200 to a predetermined ratio with the low-frequency operating wavelength, the physical size of the antenna element itself is effectively reduced. Compared to traditional designs, this proportional setting significantly reduces the space occupied by the antenna while ensuring its basic radiation performance, making the antenna more compact and easier to arrange and install in limited spaces, thereby achieving the goal of antenna miniaturization.

[0059] Because the size of the Vivaldi antenna element 200 is reasonably controlled, the position and spacing of multiple Vivaldi antenna elements 200 can be arranged more flexibly when constructing the antenna array. Different Vivaldi antenna elements 200 will not interfere with each other or cause spatial conflicts due to excessive size, thus allowing them to be arranged more closely together and achieving efficient antenna co-array configuration. This co-array configuration not only helps to further improve the overall performance of the antenna, such as enhancing directivity and increasing gain, but also further optimizes the spatial layout of the antenna system, enabling miniaturized configuration and meeting the design requirements of modern communication equipment for compact and efficient antenna systems.

[0060] Please refer to the following: Figure 5 , Figure 5 Presented are S-parameter diagrams of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna 10 according to a typical embodiment of the present invention in the frequency range of 1-20 GHz. Figure 5 As can be clearly seen, the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna 10 of this invention exhibits extremely excellent performance in the wide frequency band of 1GHz-20GHz. Specifically, within this wide frequency band, the reflection coefficients corresponding to both polarization directions of the antenna are less than -10dB. The reflection coefficient is a key parameter for measuring the magnitude of the reflected signal at the antenna input port 231. A reflection coefficient less than -10dB means that the antenna reflects the signal very little at the input port 231, and most of the signal can be effectively received and radiated by the antenna, thereby ensuring that the antenna has high energy transmission efficiency.

[0061] Meanwhile, within the aforementioned wide bandwidth, the isolation between the two polarizations of this dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna 10 is less than -20 dB. Polarization isolation is an important indicator for measuring the degree of mutual interference between different polarization directions in a dual-polarized antenna. An isolation of less than -20 dB indicates that the signal crosstalk between the two polarization directions is extremely small, effectively enabling independent operation of the two polarization directions and avoiding signal distortion and performance degradation caused by polarization coupling.

[0062] Therefore, it can be seen that the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna 10 of the present invention has good radiation performance in a wide frequency band of 1GHz-20GHz, which can meet the requirements of modern communication systems for wide frequency band, high efficiency and low interference of antennas.

[0063] See Figures 6 to 10 ,in, Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10The horizontal radiation patterns of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna 10 according to a typical embodiment of the present invention are shown at frequencies of 1 GHz, 5 GHz, 10 GHz, 15 GHz, and 20 GHz. These horizontal radiation patterns are obtained by measuring the radiation characteristics of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna 10 at different frequencies, and can intuitively and accurately reflect the horizontal radiation distribution of the antenna at each frequency point.

[0064] from Figures 6 to 10 The presented data clearly demonstrates that the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna 10 of this invention exhibits extremely stable radiation characteristics within a wide frequency band of 1 GHz to 20 GHz. Specifically, within this wide frequency band, the antenna's horizontal radiation pattern has a stable shape, and the beamwidth is greater than 88°. Beamwidth is an important indicator of the concentration of antenna radiation direction; a beamwidth greater than 88° means that the antenna can cover a wider angular range in the horizontal plane, possessing broader radiation coverage capability.

[0065] This stable and wide radiation pattern characteristic over a wide frequency band fully demonstrates that the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna 10 of the present invention has excellent radiation performance. It can maintain a relatively consistent radiation direction and coverage range at different operating frequencies, effectively reducing radiation characteristic fluctuations caused by frequency changes. This meets the requirements of modern communication systems for stable antenna radiation over a wide frequency band, providing a strong guarantee for the efficient and reliable operation of communication systems.

[0066] The present invention also provides a base station 400, which includes a reflector and a plurality of dual-polarized Vivaldi antennas 10 as described above. These plurality of dual-polarized Vivaldi antennas 10 are securely mounted on the reflector. These plurality of dual-polarized Vivaldi antennas 10 are arranged in an array according to a preset arrangement rule to construct an antenna array. Utilizing the excellent radiation performance of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antennas 10 and the advantages of gain enhancement and directivity improvement brought about by the array arrangement, the base station 400 can achieve more efficient and stable communication during signal reception and transmission, effectively improving the coverage and communication quality of the base station 400, and meeting the high-performance requirements of modern communication systems for the base station 400.

[0067] In summary, the feed balun in the Vivaldi antenna element of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna of the present invention is provided with an open circuit notch to separate the feed balun into an open circuit section and a separate section. A resistor is provided on the open circuit notch to connect the open circuit section and the separate section, so as to achieve impedance matching and optimize the electrical performance of the Vivaldi antenna.

[0068] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific combination of the above-described technical features, but also includes other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above-described features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions as those in the present invention.

[0069] Although the subject matter has been described using language specific to structural features and / or methodological logic, it should be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actions described above. Rather, the specific features and actions described above are merely illustrative examples of implementing the claims.

Claims

1. A dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna, characterized in that, The device includes two Vivaldi antenna elements arranged orthogonally with polarization. Each Vivaldi antenna element includes a substrate. A radiating layer is provided on the front side of the substrate, and a gradient opening slot is formed on the radiating layer. A feed balun is provided on the back side of the substrate. The input terminal of the feed balun is used for electrical connection with an external feed network. The feed balun is coupled to the radiating layer. The feed balun is provided with a break-circuit notch to form an open-circuit section and a separation section. The open-circuit section and the separation section are connected by a resistor.

2. The dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The open section includes a feed section, a connecting section and a disconnect section connected in sequence. The disconnect gap is located between the disconnect section and the separation section. One end of the feed section constitutes the input end. The feed section and the separation section are arranged parallel to each other.

3. The dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The gradient opening groove extends vertically, with a narrow opening and a wide opening at each end. A resonant cavity is formed on the radiation layer, and the resonant cavity is connected to the narrow opening.

4. The dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The resonant cavity is rectangular.

5. The dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna also includes a ground plane, on which a grounding layer is provided. The Vivaldi antenna element is vertically disposed on the ground plane, and the radiating layer is electrically connected to the grounding layer.

6. The dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The resonant cavity is disposed at the bottom of the substrate and is connected to the ground layer.

7. The dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The two Vivaldi antenna elements are a first Vivaldi antenna element and a second Vivaldi antenna element. A insertion slot is formed vertically from the bottom of the first substrate of the first Vivaldi antenna element, and a insertion slot is formed vertically from the top of the second substrate of the second Vivaldi antenna element. The insertion slots of the first substrate and the second substrate are interlocked to make the first Vivaldi antenna element and the second Vivaldi antenna element orthogonally arranged.

8. The dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The first substrate and the second substrate are interlocked to form four partitioned areas, and each of the four partitioned areas is equipped with a microwave absorbing block, and each microwave absorbing block is located on the ground plane. The microwave absorbing block is made of microwave absorbing material.

9. The dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The Vivaldi antenna unit is also equipped with an RF connector, which is connected to the input of the feed balun.

10. The dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the Vivaldi antenna element is 0.025 times the low-frequency operating wavelength of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna, and the vertical height of the Vivaldi antenna element is 0.06 times the low-frequency operating wavelength of the dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna.

11. A base station, characterized in that, The device includes a reflector and a plurality of dual-polarized Vivaldi antennas as described in any one of claims 1 to 10 disposed on the reflector, wherein the plurality of dual-polarized Vivaldi antennas constitute an antenna array.

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