Vivaldi antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to a Vivaldi antenna, and belongs to the field of Vivaldi antennae, and the antenna comprises a first ultra-wideband metal pole plate and a second ultra-wideband metal pole plate. The outer sides of the first ultra-wideband metal pole plate and the second ultra-wideband metal pole plate are respectively surrounded by impedance conversion broken line assemblies; slot line assemblies are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the first ultra-wideband metal pole plate and the second ultra-wideband metal pole plate in a surrounding manner; a trumpet-shaped gap is formed between the two groups of slot line assemblies; the tail end of the impedance conversion broken line assembly positioned on the second ultra-wideband metal polar plate is sequentially connected with a feed port impedance adjusting piece and a feed terminal; the slot line assembly and the impedance conversion broken line assembly are respectively in a broken line shape; the device has the technical effects of small structure and low energy consumption.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of Vivaldi antennas, and in particular to a Vivaldi antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] The Vivaldi antenna is a kind of ultra-wideband antenna; the rapid development of ultra-wideband technology in the fields of wireless communication, radar detection, Internet of Things and medical monitoring puts forward higher requirements for the wideband coverage, radiation efficiency and miniaturization of the antenna.

[0003] In electronic countermeasures, the Vivaldi antenna with metal structure is a kind of wideband array antenna that can withstand high power. However, the size of the conventional Vivaldi antenna is very large in the low frequency range due to the influence of frequency; it is difficult to apply in some environments requiring small array antennas; the traditional Vivaldi antenna usually adopts straight-line slot line and impedance transformation structure, which has the problems of insufficient electric field distribution regulation, sudden change of high frequency impedance, and limited effective bandwidth.

[0004] According to the related technology in the above, the applicant believes that the conventional Vivaldi antenna has the defect of large size, which is difficult to apply to small array antennas. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a Vivaldi antenna.

[0006] The Vivaldi antenna provided by the present application adopts the following technical scheme: A Vivaldi antenna, comprising a first ultra-wideband metal plate and a second ultra-wideband metal plate; the outer sides of the first ultra-wideband metal plate and the second ultra-wideband metal plate are respectively surrounded by impedance transformation fold line assemblies; the inner sides of the first ultra-wideband metal plate and the second ultra-wideband metal plate are respectively surrounded by slot line assemblies; the impedance transformation fold line assemblies and the slot line assemblies located on the same side are connected by connecting lines; the two groups of slot line assemblies have a horn-shaped gap; the connecting lines located on the second ultra-wideband metal plate are sequentially connected with a feed port impedance adjusting piece and a feed terminal; the slot line assemblies and the impedance transformation fold line assemblies are respectively in the form of fold lines.

[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, the fold line type slot line and the impedance transformation assembly can precisely customize multi-section impedance gradual fold lines by adjusting the number of fold line segments, the included angle and the length, which can avoid the risk of impedance mutation of the curve structure and adapt to the frequency band difference requirements of multiple scenarios such as radar and communication; the double regulation structure of the impedance transformation fold line assembly and the feed port impedance adjusting piece can first realize the coarse matching of the antenna body and the feed system through the fold line assembly, and then perform fine calibration through the adjusting piece, thereby improving the impedance matching precision.

[0008] Preferably, the groove assembly includes multiple groove segments connected in sequence and having an included angle.

[0009] Preferably, the impedance transformation piecewise linear assembly includes multiple impedance transformation piecewise linear segments connected in sequence and having folding angles; the folding angles increase sequentially along the radiation direction of the antenna.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the multi-segment polygonal design provides multi-level impedance control nodes from the starting segment to the transition segment to the ending segment, compared with the traditional two-segment or single polygonal design. By independently adjusting the length, angle, and line width of each polygonal segment, the gradient curve of impedance transformation can be precisely customized, achieving a smooth and gradual matching from the feed port to the antenna body. At the same time, the shape of folding outwards in sequence makes the distribution of impedance transformation path more closely fit the edge contour of the metal plate, avoiding the generation of impedance abrupt change points. This results in smaller impedance matching errors in the ultra-wide frequency range, especially in the extreme regions of high and low frequencies, effectively widening the effective operating bandwidth of the antenna and ensuring that signal reflection loss remains at a low level throughout the wide frequency range.

[0011] Preferably, the folding angle is greater than or equal to 104° and less than or equal to 165°.

[0012] Preferably, side isolation plates are provided on the outer sides of the two sets of impedance transformation line assemblies; and bottom isolation plates are provided at the end of the power supply port impedance adjustment component.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the side isolation plate covers the outer side of the two sets of impedance transformation line assemblies, forming a lateral electromagnetic barrier, which can effectively block electromagnetic interference from the external environment, such as stray electromagnetic fields generated by surrounding electronic components, transmission cables, and metal structures, prevent the current path of the impedance transformation line from intruding, prevent the impedance transformation curve from deviating and the standing wave ratio from deteriorating, and ensure the stability of broadband impedance matching; the bottom isolation plate forms a bottom shielding layer at the end of the impedance adjustment component at the feed port, isolating the electromagnetic radiation or conducted interference from the mounting carrier, such as the equipment housing, circuit board, etc., and preventing the signal in the feed area from being interfered with or distorted.

[0014] Preferably, the two sets of impedance transformation line assemblies are connected to the two sets of side isolation plates through two tail fixing plates respectively.

[0015] Preferably, the folding angle satisfies the following equation:

[0016] Taking the intersection of the impedance transformation line and the bottom isolation plate (7) as the origin, x This refers to the non-radiating direction of the antenna. y This represents the radiation direction of the antenna. i The number of segments of the impedance transformation piecewise linear curve.k For the first i The slope of the impedance transformation piecewise linear curve described in the section.

[0017] Preferably, the slope of the impedance transformation piecewise linear curve satisfies the following equation:

[0018] Preferably, the impedance adjustment element at the power supply port is tapered.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the tapered structure of the power supply port impedance adjustment component is more evenly stressed. Compared with square and irregularly shaped adjustment components, it has stronger resistance to vibration and deformation, and can effectively improve impedance matching capability.

[0020] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The polygonal slotted line and impedance transformation assembly can precisely customize multi-segment impedance gradient polygons by adjusting the number of segments, the included angle, and the length. This avoids the risk of impedance abrupt changes in curved structures and adapts to the frequency band differences required in various scenarios such as radar and communication. The dual control structure of the impedance transformation polygonal line assembly and the feed port impedance adjustment component allows for coarse matching between the antenna body and the feed system through the polygonal line assembly, followed by fine calibration through the adjustment component, thus improving impedance matching accuracy. 2. Compared to traditional two-segment or single-segment designs, the multi-segment polygonal design provides three levels of impedance adjustment nodes from the starting segment to the transition segment to the ending segment. By independently adjusting the length, angle, and line width of each polygonal segment, the gradient curve of impedance transformation can be precisely customized, achieving a smooth and gradual matching from the feed port to the antenna body. At the same time, the shape of successively folding outwards makes the distribution of the impedance transformation path more closely fit the edge contour of the metal plate, avoiding the generation of impedance abrupt change points. This results in smaller impedance matching errors in the ultra-wide frequency range, especially in the extreme regions of high and low frequencies, effectively widening the effective operating bandwidth of the antenna and ensuring that signal reflection loss remains at a low level throughout the wide frequency range. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the Vivaldi antenna.

[0022] Fig. 2 This is an isometric view of the Vivaldi antenna.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. The first ultra-wideband metal electrode plate; 2. Second ultra-wideband metal electrode plate; 3. Power supply port impedance adjustment component; 31. Power supply terminal; 4. Groove assembly; 41. First groove; 42. Second groove; 43. Third groove; 44. Connecting groove; 5. Impedance transformation piecewise linear assembly; 51. First piecewise linear impedance transformation; 52. Second piecewise linear impedance transformation; 53. Third piecewise linear impedance transformation; 6. Side partition panels; 7. Bottom isolation plate; 8. Tail end fixing plate; 9. Connecting wires. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figs. 1-2 This application will be described in further detail.

[0025] This application discloses a Vivaldi antenna. (Refer to...) Figs. 1-2 The system includes a first ultra-wideband metal electrode plate 1 and a second ultra-wideband metal electrode plate 2; impedance transformation line assemblies 5 are respectively arranged around the outer sides of the first ultra-wideband metal electrode plate 1 and the second ultra-wideband metal electrode plate 2; side isolation plates 6 are respectively arranged around the outer sides of the two sets of impedance transformation line assemblies 5; a bottom isolation plate 7 is arranged at the end of the feed port impedance adjustment component 3; the bottom isolation plate 7 and the two side isolation plates 6 can protect their internal structure and effectively block electromagnetic interference from the external environment; the two sets of impedance transformation line assemblies 5 are respectively connected to the two sets of side isolation plates 6 through two tail fixing plates 8; groove line assemblies 4 are respectively arranged around the inner sides of the first ultra-wideband metal electrode plate 1 and the second ultra-wideband metal electrode plate 2; the impedance transformation line assemblies 5 and the two side isolation plates 6 are respectively arranged around the inner sides of the first ultra-wideband metal electrode plate 1 and the second ultra-wideband metal electrode plate 2; the impedance transformation line assemblies 5 and the two side isolation plates 6 are respectively arranged around the inner sides of the first ultra-wideband metal electrode plate 1 and the second ultra-wideband metal electrode plate 2; the impedance transformation line assemblies 5 and the second ultra-wideband metal electrode plate 2 ... The slotted wire assembly 4 is connected by connecting wire 9; there is a horn-shaped gap between the two sets of slotted wire assemblies 4; the horn-shaped gap between the two sets of slotted wire assemblies 4 is gradually widening, so that the electric field intensity smoothly transitions from the inner side of the electrode plate to the outer space, realizing efficient conversion from near field to far field and avoiding energy loss caused by sudden change in electric field; the connecting wire 9 located on the second ultra-wideband metal electrode plate 2 is connected in sequence to the feed port impedance adjustment component 3 and the feed terminal 31, and the other end is connected to the two tail fixing plates 8 through two connecting slotted wires 44 respectively; the feed port impedance adjustment component 3 is conical; the slotted wire assembly 4 and the impedance transformation broken line assembly 5 are broken line shapes respectively; compared with the traditional curved shape, the broken line shape can effectively reduce the overall size of the antenna and facilitate antenna installation.

[0026] Specifically, the impedance transformation piecewise linear assembly 5 includes multiple impedance transformation piecewise linear segments connected in sequence and having folding angles; the folding angles decrease sequentially along the radiation direction of the antenna, and the folding angles are greater than or equal to 104° and less than or equal to 165°; the folding angles are the angles on the outer sides of the multiple impedance transformation piecewise linear segments; the connection points of the multiple impedance transformation piecewise linear segments of the first ultra-wideband metal plate 1 impedance transformation piecewise linear assembly 5 and the connection points of the multiple impedance transformation piecewise linear segments of the second ultra-wideband metal plate 2 impedance transformation piecewise linear assembly 5 are symmetrically distributed.

[0027] Reference Figs. 1-2The impedance transformation line can be divided into three segments: impedance transformation first segment 51, impedance transformation second segment 52, and impedance transformation third segment 53. Impedance transformation first segment 51, impedance transformation second segment 52, and impedance transformation third segment 53 are sequentially folded outwards. Impedance transformation third segment 53 is connected to the tail fixing plate 8. When determining the angle between two impedance transformation lines, it is necessary to determine the location of the connection point between the two segments. The folding angle (the location of the connection point between the two impedance transformation lines) satisfies the following equation:

[0028] Taking the intersection of the impedance transformation line and the bottom isolation plate 7 as the origin, x This refers to the non-radiating direction of the antenna. y This represents the radiation direction of the antenna. i This represents the number of segments in the impedance transformation piecewise linear curve. k For the first i The slope of the segment impedance transformation piecewise linear curve.

[0029] The slope of the impedance transformation piecewise linear curve satisfies the following equation:

[0030] When determining the angle between the first impedance transformation line 51 and the second impedance transformation line 52, one endpoint of the first impedance transformation line 51 is the origin, and the coordinates of the other endpoint are determined using the formula described above. One endpoint of the second impedance transformation line 52 is connected to the endpoint of the first impedance transformation line 51 that is furthest from the origin. The position of the other endpoint of the second impedance transformation line 52 is then determined using the formula described above, thus determining the angle between the first impedance transformation line 51 and the second impedance transformation line 52. The angle between the second impedance transformation line 52 and the third impedance transformation line 53 is determined in the same way, and so on.

[0031] The slot line assembly 4 includes multiple slot lines connected in sequence with included angles, and the angle value is greater than the folding angle value of the impedance transformation broken line assembly 5; the multiple slot lines are set as first slot line 41, second slot line 42, and third slot line 43; the outward folding structures of the two sets of slot line assemblies 4 are symmetrically arranged, that is, the second slot line 42 and the third slot line 43 on the first ultra-wideband metal plate 1 are symmetrically distributed with the second slot line 42 and the third slot line 43 on the second ultra-wideband metal plate 2; the third slot line 43 is connected to the tail fixing plate 8 through the connecting slot line 44; the two first slot lines 41 are arranged in parallel; the second slot line 42 and the third slot line 43 fold outwards in sequence; the external high-frequency signal is connected through the feed terminal 31 and first transmitted to the tapered feed port impedance adjustment component 3; the tapered structure avoids signal reflection loss through the smooth gradual change of cross-sectional size; then the signal enters the multi-segment impedance transformation broken line assembly 5; the included angle of the multiple slot lines in the slot line assembly 4 is calculated using the formula:

[0032] The origin is defined as the intersection of the first groove line 41 and the second groove line 42. x ′ represents the non-radiating direction of the antenna. y ′ represents the radiation direction of the antenna. i ′ represents the number of segments of the groove lines excluding the first groove line 41. k ′ for the first i The slope of the impedance transformation piecewise linear curve; the slope of the impedance transformation piecewise linear curve satisfies the following equation:

[0033] When determining the angle between the first groove line 41 and the second groove line 42, one end of the first groove line 41 is the origin, and the coordinates of the other end are determined using the above formula. One end of the second groove line 42 is connected to the end of the first groove line 41 that is away from the origin. Then, the position of the other end of the second groove line 42 is determined using the above formula, thus determining the angle between the first groove line 41 and the second groove line 42. The angle between the second groove line 42 and the third groove line 43 is determined in the same way, and so on.

[0034] When setting up the impedance transformation piecewise linear assembly 5, you must first set the number of segments of the impedance transformation piecewise linear assembly, and then determine the slope of the corresponding piecewise linear segments. k After substituting the values ​​into the above formula, the length of each impedance transformation piecewise linear segment is obtained. The design model is carried out according to the above design, and then the final simulation of the antenna is achieved based on the simulation optimization effect. In the design process, the slope of each segment of the impedance transformation piecewise linear assembly 5 should be confirmed and designed first, and then the comprehensive design and simulation calculation should be carried out. This can effectively reduce the difficulty of the initial overall simulation design and improve the degree of freedom in the design of the impedance transformation piecewise linear assembly 5.

[0035] Specifically, the first slot line 41 and the first impedance transformation line 51 located on the same side are connected by the connecting line 9; the length of the first slot line 41 and the first impedance transformation line 51 on the second ultra-wideband metal plate 2 is less than the length of the first slot line 41 and the first impedance transformation line 51 on the first ultra-wideband metal plate 1, and the difference in length is the length of the power supply port impedance adjustment component 3.

[0036] During operation, the radio frequency signal is input into the impedance transformation broken line assembly 5 and the slot line assembly 4 through the feed connector. The radio frequency signal is efficiently converted into spatial electromagnetic waves through the tapered slot lines of the impedance transformation broken line assembly 5 and the slot line assembly 4, realizing the energy conversion of the signal and forming spatial electromagnetic waves for spatial radiation.

[0037] After the radio frequency signal input at the feed port is fed into the antenna through the first slot line 41, the electromagnetic wave slowly transitions to the outside of the antenna after passing through the horn-shaped opening between multiple slot lines, and the signal components are effectively radiated in space.

[0038] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A Vivaldi antenna, characterized in that: It includes a first ultra-wideband metal plate (1) and a second ultra-wideband metal plate (2); the outer sides of the first ultra-wideband metal plate (1) and the second ultra-wideband metal plate (2) are respectively surrounded by impedance transformation broken line assemblies (5); the inner sides of the first ultra-wideband metal plate (1) and the second ultra-wideband metal plate (2) are respectively surrounded by slot line assemblies (4); the impedance transformation broken line assembly (5) and the slot line assembly (4) located on the same side are connected by connecting lines (9); there is a horn-shaped gap between the two sets of slot line assemblies (4); the connecting lines (9) located on the second ultra-wideband metal plate (2) are sequentially connected to a power supply port impedance adjustment component (3) and a power supply terminal (31); the slot line assembly (4) and the impedance transformation broken line assembly (5) are respectively broken line shaped.

2. The Vivaldi antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The groove assembly (4) includes multiple groove segments connected in sequence and having an included angle.

3. A Vivaldi antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impedance transformation piecewise linear assembly (5) includes multiple impedance transformation piecewise linear segments connected in sequence and having folding angles; the folding angles decrease sequentially along the radiation direction of the antenna.

4. A Vivaldi antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The folding angle is greater than or equal to 104° and less than or equal to 165°.

5. A Vivaldi antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: Side isolation plates (6) are respectively provided on the outer side of the two sets of impedance transformation broken line assemblies (5); bottom isolation plates (7) are provided at the end of the power supply port impedance adjustment component (3); the two sets of impedance transformation broken line assemblies (5) are respectively connected to the bottom isolation plates (7).

6. A Vivaldi antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The two sets of impedance transformation line assemblies (5) are connected to the two sets of side isolation plates (6) through two tail fixing plates (8).

7. A Vivaldi antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The folding angle satisfies the following equation: Taking the intersection of the impedance transformation line and the bottom isolation plate (7) as the origin, x This refers to the non-radiating direction of the antenna. y This represents the radiation direction of the antenna. i The number of segments of the impedance transformation piecewise linear curve. k For the first i The slope of the impedance transformation piecewise linear curve described in the section.

8. A Vivaldi antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The slope of the impedance transformation piecewise linear equation satisfies the following equation:

9. A Vivaldi antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impedance adjustment component (3) at the power supply port is tapered.

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