Exponentiation method for probability amplitude shaping process

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A wireless device may obtain a data payload including a set of information bits. Then, as part of the probabilistic amplitude shaping process, the wireless device may generate a set of logarithms having a first finite precision number format, which may be an approximation of the logarithms of the respective values associated with the set of information bits. As part of the exponentiation process, an approximation of each value having a second finite precision number format may be obtained via exponentiation of each logarithm value in the set of logarithm values based on a table lookup operation. The wireless device may then modulate the set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying an approximation of the respective values, and transmit a data payload comprising the modulated set of information bits via the set of constellation symbols.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following content relates to wireless communication, including exponentiation methods used in the Probability Amplitude Shaping (PAS) process. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, message sending and receiving, and broadcasting. These systems can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth-generation (4G) systems (such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth-generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ technologies such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be referred to as User Equipment (UE). Summary of the Invention

[0003] The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, apparatuses, and devices for power operations supporting probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) processes. For example, the described technology allows a first wireless device to obtain a data payload for transmission via a message, the data payload comprising a set of information bits. Then, as part of the PAS process, the first wireless device can generate a set of logarithmic values. The set of logarithmic values ​​can be approximations of the logarithms of the individual values ​​associated with the set of information bits, wherein each logarithmic value in the set of logarithmic values ​​can have a first finite-precision number format including a first part and a second part. Furthermore, as part of a power operation process that can be part of the PAS process, the first wireless device can obtain approximations of the individual values ​​via power operations on the individual logarithmic values ​​in the set of logarithmic values. The corresponding power operation can have a second finite-precision number format, and the power operation process can be based on a lookup operation on one or more tables of a first lookup table. Therefore, as part of the PAS process, the first wireless device can modulate the set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying approximations of the individual values. The first wireless device can then transmit a data payload via a message to a second wireless device using the set of constellation symbols, wherein the message includes the modulated set of information bits according to the PAS process.

[0004] A method for wireless communication by a first wireless device is described. The method may include: obtaining a data payload for transmission via a message, the data payload comprising a set of information bits; as part of a PAS process, generating a set of multiple logarithmic values, the set of multiple logarithmic values ​​being approximations of individual values ​​associated with the set of information bits, each logarithmic value in the set of multiple logarithmic values ​​having a first finite-precision number format including a first part and a second part; as part of an exponentiation process, which is also part of the PAS process, obtaining approximations of the individual values ​​by exponentiation of the individual logarithmic values ​​in the set of multiple logarithmic values, wherein the corresponding exponentiation has a second finite-precision number format, and wherein the exponentiation process is based on one or more table lookup operations of a first lookup table; as part of the PAS process, modulating the set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying the approximations of the individual values; and transmitting the data payload via the constellation symbol set to a second wireless device via the message, the message comprising the modulated set of information bits according to the PAS process.

[0005] A first wireless device for wireless communication is described. The first wireless device may include: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be able to operate individually or jointly to execute the code to enable the first wireless device to: obtain a data payload for transmission via a message, the data payload comprising a set of information bits; as part of a PAS process, generate a set of multiple logarithmic values, the set of multiple logarithmic values ​​being approximations of individual values ​​associated with the set of information bits, each of the multiple logarithmic values ​​having a first finite-precision number format including a first part and a second part; as part of an exponentiation process, which is also part of the PAS process, obtain approximations of the individual values ​​by exponentiation of the individual logarithmic values ​​in the set of multiple logarithmic values, wherein the corresponding exponentiation has a second finite-precision number format, and wherein the exponentiation process is based on one or more table lookup operations of a first lookup table; as part of the PAS process, modulate the set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying the approximations of the individual values; and transmit the data payload via the constellation symbol set to the second wireless device via the message, the message comprising the modulated set of information bits according to the PAS process.

[0006] A first wireless device for wireless communication is described. The first wireless device may include: components for obtaining a data payload for transmission via a message, the data payload comprising a set of information bits; components for generating, as part of a PAS process, a set of multiple logarithmic values, the set of multiple logarithmic values ​​being approximations of individual values ​​associated with the set of information bits, each logarithmic value in the set of multiple logarithmic values ​​having a first finite-precision number format including a first part and a second part; components for obtaining approximations of the individual values ​​by exponentiation of the individual logarithmic values ​​in the set of multiple logarithmic values, as part of an exponentiation process, which is also part of the PAS process, wherein the corresponding exponentiation has a second finite-precision number format, and wherein the exponentiation process is based on one or more table lookup operations of a first lookup table; components for modulating the set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying the approximations of the individual values, as part of the PAS process; and components for transmitting the data payload via the constellation symbol set to a second wireless device via the message, the message comprising the modulated set of information bits according to the PAS process.

[0007] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to perform the following operations: obtaining a data payload for transmission via a message, the data payload comprising a set of information bits; as part of a PAS process, generating a set of multiple logarithmic values, the set of multiple logarithmic values ​​being approximations of individual values ​​associated with the set of information bits, each logarithmic value in the set of multiple logarithmic values ​​having a first finite-precision number format including a first part and a second part; as part of an exponentiation process, which is also part of the PAS process, obtaining approximations of the individual values ​​by exponentiation of the individual logarithmic values ​​in the set of multiple logarithmic values, wherein the corresponding exponentiation has a second finite-precision number format, and wherein the exponentiation process is based on one or more table lookup operations of a first lookup table; as part of the PAS process, modulating the set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying the approximations of the individual values; and transmitting the data payload via the constellation symbol set to a second wireless device via the message, the message comprising the modulated set of information bits according to the PAS process.

[0008] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, a first lookup table for one or more table lookup operations is communicated to the second wireless device, and the first lookup table is stored at the first wireless device.

[0009] The methods described herein, some examples of the first wireless device and nontransitory computer-readable medium may also include operations, features, components or instructions for communicating a first lookup table with a second wireless device, including sending or receiving the first lookup table.

[0010] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the exponentiation process may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: obtaining approximate values ​​of individual values ​​by exponentiation of individual logarithms in a set of multiple logarithms based on a table lookup operation and a subtraction operation in one or more table lookup operations, wherein the result of the table lookup operation may be based on a second part of a first finite-precision number format, and the result of the subtraction operation may be based on a first part of the first finite-precision number format and both a second finite-precision number format.

[0011] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, approximations of the individual values ​​can be based on the product of the result of a table lookup operation and the result of a subtraction operation.

[0012] In some examples of the methods, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the exponentiation process may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: obtaining approximate values ​​by exponentiation of individual logarithms in a set of multiple logarithms based on a table lookup operation, subtraction operation, and interpolation operation in one or more table lookup operations, wherein the result of the table lookup operation may be based on a subset of a second part of a first finite-precision number format, which may be smaller than the second part of the first finite-precision number format; the result of the subtraction operation may be based on both a first part of the first finite-precision number format and a second finite-precision number format; and the result of the interpolation operation may be based on a second part of the first finite-precision number format, a subset of the second part of the first finite-precision number format, and a second finite-precision number format.

[0013] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the exponentiation process may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: obtaining approximate values ​​of each value by exponentiation of each logarithm in a set of multiple logarithms based on a table lookup operation on a second lookup table that may be a subset of the first lookup table.

[0014] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the number of rows in the second lookup table may be based on a subset of a second part of a first finite-precision number format and may be less than the number of rows in the first lookup table, and the number of columns in the second lookup table may be based on a second finite-precision number format and may be equal to the number of columns in the first lookup table.

[0015] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, approximations of the individual values ​​can be based on the product of the result of a table lookup operation and the result of a subtraction operation.

[0016] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the non-transitory computer-readable medium, the interpolation operation can be a linear interpolation operation.

[0017] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransient computer-readable medium, the values ​​include energy-based quantities, polynomial coefficients, or any combination thereof.

[0018] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the non-transitory computer-readable medium, the first finite-precision number format may be a fixed-number format, the first part of the first finite-precision number format is an integer part, and the second part of the first finite-precision number format is a fractional part.

[0019] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the second finite-precision number format may be a floating-point number.

[0020] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, both the set of multiple logarithmic values ​​and the exponentiation of each logarithmic value in the set of multiple logarithmic values ​​can be base-2.

[0021] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the number of rows in the first lookup table may be based on a second portion of a first finite-precision number format, and the number of columns in the first lookup table may be based on a second finite-precision number format. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system is shown that supports a power operation method for a probability amplitude shaping (PAS) process according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0023] Figure 2 An example of a coding process for a power operation method for a PAS procedure, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0024] Figure 3 An example of a wireless communication system supporting an exponentiation method for the PAS process, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0025] Figure 4 and Figure 5 An example of an exponentiation process is shown that supports one or more aspects of the present disclosure for an exponentiation method used in a PAS process.

[0026] Figure 6 An example of a process flow supporting a power operation method for a PAS process, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0027] Figure 7 and Figure 8 A block diagram of an apparatus supporting a power operation method for a PAS process, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0028] Figure 9 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting a power operation method for a PAS process, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0029] Figure 10 A diagram of a system including a device supporting a power operation method for a PAS process is shown, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0030] Figures 11 to 14 A flowchart illustrating a method for supporting exponentiation in a PAS process, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0031] Wireless devices operating within a wireless communication system can perform probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS), which combines constellation shaping and channel decoding to reduce transmit power or optimize signal quality at the destination. PAS can also generate a set of bits that may be destined for a constellation with a higher probability of being decoded by the receiving device. In some cases, the PAS scheme can be a composition-based or energy-based probabilistic shaping scheme. When using either scheme, the PAS scheme may include estimating or approximating the values ​​of sequence quantities, cumulative sequence quantities, or polynomial coefficients. Such approximations can be relatively complex and can lead to relatively high levels of time and resource consumption. Therefore, one way to obtain approximations for sequence quantities or cumulative sequence quantities is to exponentiate the logarithm of the corresponding values. However, performing such exponentiation calculations can be computationally expensive and lead to increased resource consumption. Consequently, the latency associated with the PAS process may also increase due to increased resource consumption, thus reducing the efficiency of the wireless communication system.

[0032] This disclosure describes techniques for enhancing power-law methods used in PAS (Power Amplification System) for wireless devices (e.g., UEs or network entities). For example, a wireless device can use a finite-precision power-law method to efficiently power energy-based or composition-based quantities with high accuracy. In some examples, the power-law process described herein can use inputs in a fixed-point format containing integer and fractional parts and produce outputs in a floating-point format. Furthermore, the power-law process may also include the wireless device performing one or more table lookup operations on a lookup table. In such processes, the number of rows in the lookup table can be based on the input format, and the number of rows in the lookup table can be based on the output format.

[0033] Therefore, during the first exponentiation process, the wireless device can perform a single table lookup operation and a single subtraction operation on the first lookup table, thereby reducing the resources consumed during the PAS process. However, the lookup table used in the first exponentiation process may be relatively large, leading to increased storage complexity. In the second method, a second lookup table, as a subset of the first lookup table, can be used, thereby reducing the storage complexity associated with storing the second lookup table. When using the second exponentiation process to reduce the storage complexity of the wireless device, the second exponentiation process may result in a slight decrease in accuracy and an increase in resource consumption because it includes additional operations. However, some wireless devices may be configured with relatively little storage space and a large amount of computational resources; therefore, the second exponentiation process may be used preferentially over the first exponentiation process. Similarly, for wireless devices configured with large storage space and a relatively small amount of resources available for computation, the first exponentiation process may be used preferentially over the second exponentiation process. Furthermore, the technology of this disclosure enhances the wireless communication system by reducing the latency associated with the PAS process by performing fewer computations than those performed using the present technology.

[0034] The various aspects of this disclosure are first described in the context of a wireless communication system. Additional aspects of this disclosure are described herein with reference to encoding processes, wireless communication systems, exponentiation processes, and process flows. The various aspects of this disclosure are further illustrated and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts relating to the exponentiation method used in the PAS process.

[0035] Figure 1An example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting an exponentiation method for a PAS procedure according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating under other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0036] Network entity 105 may be distributed across a geographical area to form wireless communication system 100, and may include devices employing different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, mobility element, radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, etc. In some examples, network entity 105 and UE 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., radio frequency (RF) access links). For example, network entity 105 may support coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographical coverage area) within which UE 115 and network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. Coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographical area within which network entity 105 and UE 115 may support the transmission of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0037] UE 115 can be distributed throughout the coverage area 110 of wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary or mobile, or stationary and mobile at different times. UE 115 can be devices in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UE 115s are illustrated herein. The UE 115 described herein can be able to support various types of devices (such as, e.g., ...). Figure 1 It communicates with other UEs (115 or network entity 105) as shown.

[0038] As described herein, nodes of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as network nodes or wireless nodes) may be network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), network controller, apparatus, device, computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be UE 115. Alternatively, a node may be network entity 105. Furthermore, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second or third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be UE 115, the second node may be network entity 105, and the third node may be UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be UE 115, the second node may be network entity 105, and the third node may be network entity 105. In other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different from these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, device, equipment, computing system, etc., may include disclosures of UE 115, network entity 105, device, equipment, computing system, etc., as nodes. For example, a disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.

[0039] In some examples, network entity 105 may communicate with core network 130, communicate with each other, or both. For example, network entity 105 may communicate with core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130) via backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with each other via midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., according to midhaul interface protocol) or fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., according to fronthaul interface protocol) or any combination thereof. Backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, or fronthaul communication link 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, fiber optic links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), etc., or various combinations thereof. UE 115 can communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155.

[0040] One or more network entities in network entity 105 described herein may include or be referred to as base station 140 (e.g., transceiver base station, radio base station, NR base station, access point, radio transceiver, node B, eNodeB (eNB), next-generation node B or gigabit node B (any of which may be referred to as gNB), 5G NB, next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), home node B, home evolution node B, or other suitable terms). In some examples, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as base station 140).

[0041] In some examples, network entity 105 may be implemented in a decomposed architecture (e.g., a decomposed base station architecture, a decomposed RAN architecture) that can be configured to utilize protocol stacks physically or logically distributed across two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a near real-time RIC, a non-real-time RIC), a service management and orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. 170 may also be referred to as a radio headend, intelligent radio headend, remote radio headend (RRH), remote radio unit (RRU), or transmit / receive point (TRP). One or more components of network entity 105 in a decomposed RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 in a decomposed RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0042] The functional splitting among CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and can support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170. For example, a protocol stack functional splitting can be used between CU 160 and DU 165, allowing CU 160 to support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and DU 165 to support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, CU 160 can host higher protocol layer (e.g., Layer 3 (L3), Layer 2 (L2)) functionalities and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)). CU 160 can connect to one or more DU 165 or RU 170, and one or more DU 165 or RU 170 can host lower protocol layers, such as Layer 1 (L1) (e.g., Physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and each can be at least partially controlled by CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a protocol stack functional split can be employed between DU 165 and RU 170, such that DU 165 can support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and RU 170 can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. DU 165 can support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RU 170). In some cases, functional decomposition between CU 160 and DU 165, or between DU 165 and RU 170, can be performed within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions of the protocol layer can be performed by one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer can be performed by different of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). CU 160 can be further functionally decomposed into CU control plane (CU-CP) functions and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. CU 160 can be connected to one or more DU 165 via midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and DU 165 can be connected to one or more RU 170 via fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, the midhaul communication link 162 or the fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented based on the interfaces (e.g., channels) between the layers of the protocol stack, which are supported by the corresponding network entities 105 communicating via such communication links.

[0043] In a wireless communication system (e.g., wireless communication system 100), the infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access can support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB node 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as donor entities or IAB donors. One or more DU 165s or one or more RU 170s may be partially controlled by one or more CU 160s associated with donor network entity 105 (e.g., donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB node 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link 120). IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile terminal (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by a DU 165 of a coupled IAB donor. The IAB-MT may include a separate set of antennas for relaying communication with UE 115, or may share the same antennas (e.g., those of RU 170) for access to IAB node 104 via DU 165 of IAB node 104. (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such cases, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0044] For example, the access network (AN) or RAN may include communication between an access node (e.g., an IAB donor), IAB node 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate connectivity between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130). That is, an IAB donor may refer to a RAN node having a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 and at least one DU 165 (e.g., and RU 170), in which case the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link). The IAB donor and IAB node 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol defining the signaling messages (e.g., the F1 AP protocol). Additionally or alternatively, the CU 160 may communicate with the core network via an interface (which may be a part of the backhaul link) and may communicate with other CU 160s (e.g., CU 160 associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface (which may be a part of the backhaul link).

[0045] IAB node 104 may refer to a RAN node that provides IAB functionality (e.g., access for UE 115, radio self-backhaul capability). DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node toward child nodes associated with IAB node 104, and IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node toward a parent node associated with IAB node 104. That is, an IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node communicating with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB donor may relay UE transmissions through one or more other IAB nodes 104). Additionally or alternatively, depending on the AN's relay chain or configuration, IAB node 104 may also be referred to as a parent node or child node of other IAB nodes 104. Therefore, the IAB-MT entity of IAB node 104 may provide a Uu interface for child IAB node 104 to receive signaling from parent IAB node 104, and the DU interface (e.g., DU 165) may provide a Uu interface for parent IAB node 104 to signal to child IAB node 104 or UE 115.

[0046] For example, IAB node 104 may be referred to as a parent node supporting communication to child IAB nodes, or as a child IAB node associated with an IAB donor, or both. An IAB donor may include a CU 160 having a wired or wireless connection to core network 130 (e.g., backhaul communication link 120) and may act as a parent node of IAB node 104. For example, the IAB donor's DU 165 may relay transmissions to UE 115 via IAB node 104, or may signal transmissions directly to UE 115, or both. The IAB donor's CU 160 may signal the establishment of a communication link to IAB node 104 via an F1 interface, and IAB node 104 may schedule transmissions via DU 165 (e.g., transmissions relayed from the IAB donor to UE 115). That is, data may be relayed to and from IAB node 104 via signaling through the NR Uu interface of the MT to IAB node 104. Communication with IAB node 104 can be scheduled by DU 165 of the IAB donor, and communication with IAB node 104 can be scheduled by DU 165 of IAB node 104.

[0047] In the context of applying the techniques described herein to a decomposed RAN architecture, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture may be configured to support the exponentiation method for PAS procedures as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by UE 115 or network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., IAB node 104, DU 165, CU 160, RU 170, RIC 175, SMO 180).

[0048] UE 115 may include or be referred to as a mobile device, wireless device, remote device, handheld device, or subscriber device, or any other suitable term, wherein "device" may also be referred to as a cell, station, terminal, or client, etc. UE 115 may also include or be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer, laptop computer, or personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, Internet of Things (IoT) device, Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0049] The UE 115 described herein can communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that sometimes act as relays, network entities 105, and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 As shown.

[0050] UE 115 and network entity 105 can wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term "carrier" can refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting communication link 125. For example, a carrier for communication link 125 may include a portion of the RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) operating according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling coordinating carrier operation, user data, or other signaling. Wireless communication system 100 can support communication with UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation can be used in conjunction with both frequency division duplex (FDD) component carriers and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between network entity 105 and other devices can refer to communication between these devices and any part of network entity 105 (e.g., entity, sub-entity). For example, the terms “send,” “receive,” or “communicate” when referring to network entity 105 can refer to any part of the RAN’s network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, CU160, DU 165, RU 170) communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0051] In some examples, such as in carrier aggregation configurations, a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling to coordinate the operation of other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Absolute RF Channel Number (EARFCN)) and may be identified according to a channel grating used for discovery by UE 115. A carrier may operate in standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection can be made by UE 115 via that carrier, or the carrier may operate in non-standalone mode, in which case different carriers (e.g., the same or different radio access technologies) are used to anchor the connection.

[0052] The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include downlink transmission (e.g., forward link transmission) from network entity 105 to UE 115, uplink transmission (e.g., return link transmission) from UE 115 to network entity 105, or both, as well as other transmission configurations. A carrier may carry downlink communication or uplink communication (e.g., in FDD mode), or may be configured to carry both downlink and uplink communication (e.g., in TDD mode).

[0053] A carrier may be associated with a specific bandwidth of the RF spectrum, and in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as the carrier or the “system bandwidth” of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one bandwidth in a set of bandwidths for a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz). Devices of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., network entity 105, UE 115, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communication using a specific carrier bandwidth, or may be configured to support communication using one carrier bandwidth in a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include network entity 105 or UE 115 that supports concurrent communication using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured to operate using a portion (e.g., subband, BWP) or all of the carrier bandwidth.

[0054] The signal waveform transmitted via a carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform extended OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM, a resource element may refer to a resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the decoding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), such that a relatively high number of resource elements (e.g., in the transmission duration) and a relatively high modulation scheme order correspond to a relatively high communication rate. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, temporal resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0055] It can support one or more sets of parameters for a carrier, and the set of parameters may include subcarrier spacing ( (and cyclic prefix). A carrier can be divided into one or more BWPs with the same or different sets of parameters. In some examples, UE 115 can be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP of a carrier can be active at a given time, and the communication of UE 115 can be constrained to one or more active BWPs.

[0056] The time interval for network entity 105 or UE 115 can be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, such as the sampling period. seconds, of which It can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, and This can represent the supported Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size. The time interval of the communication resources can be organized according to radio frames, each with a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame can be identified by a System Frame Number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0057] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may (e.g., in the time domain) be divided into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix appended to each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, time slots may be further divided into multiple micro-time slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., The duration of a symbol period is associated with a (number) sampling period. The duration of a symbol period can depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0058] A subframe, time slot, micro-time slot, or symbol can be the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., in the time domain) and can be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the duration of the TTI (e.g., the number of symbol periods in the TTI) can be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 can be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0059] Depending on the technology, carriers can be used to multiplex physical channels for communication. One or more of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques can be used, for example, to multiplex physical control channels and physical data channels for signaling via a downlink carrier. The control region (e.g., control resource set (CORESET)) of the physical control channel can be defined by a set of symbol periods and can extend across the system bandwidth of the carrier or a subset of that bandwidth. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESET) can be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs in UE 115 can monitor or search for control regions to obtain control information based on one or more search space sets, and each search space set can include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a concatenated manner. The aggregation level of control channel candidates can refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space set may include: a common search space set configured to transmit control information to multiple UEs 115, and a UE-specific search space set used to transmit control information to a specific UE 115.

[0060] Network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells (e.g., macro cells, small cells, hotspots, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof). The term "cell" may refer to a logical communication entity used (e.g., using a carrier) to communicate with network entity 105 and may be associated with an identifier used to distinguish adjacent cells (e.g., Physical Cell Identifier (PCID), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCID), or other identifier). In some examples, a cell may also refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) in which a logical communication entity operates. Depending on various factors such as the capabilities of network entity 105, the range of such cells may be from smaller areas (e.g., structures, subsets of structures) to larger areas. For example, a cell may be a building, a subset of buildings, or external space between or overlapping coverage areas 110, or may include buildings, subsets of buildings, or external space between or overlapping coverage areas.

[0061] Macro cells typically cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and allow unrestricted access to UE 115 that has a service subscription with a network provider supporting the macro cell. In contrast, small cells may be associated with a lower-power network entity 105 (e.g., a lower-power base station 140) and may operate using the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to UE 115 that has a service subscription with a network provider, or restricted access to UE 115 associated with a small cell (e.g., UE 115 in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG), or UE 115 associated with a user in a home or office). Network entity 105 may support one or more cells and may also use one or more component carriers to support communication via one or more cells.

[0062] In some examples, a carrier can support multiple cells and can be configured with different cells based on different protocol types that can provide access for different types of devices (e.g., MTC, Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)).

[0063] In some examples, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) may be mobile, and thus provide communication coverage to mobile coverage areas 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 use the same or different radio access technologies to provide coverage for various coverage areas 110.

[0064] The wireless communication system 100 can support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, network entities 105 (e.g., base station 140) can have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities 105 can be approximately time-aligned. For asynchronous operation, network entities 105 can have different frame timings, and in some examples, transmissions from different network entities 105 may not be time-aligned. The techniques described herein can be used for both synchronous and asynchronous operation.

[0065] Some UE 115 devices (such as MTC or IoT devices) can be low-cost or low-complexity devices and can provide automated communication between machines (e.g., via machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC can refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with each other or with network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communication from devices with integrated sensors or meters to measure or acquire information and relay such information to a central server or application that uses the information or presents it to people interacting with the application. Some UE 115 devices may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include: smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geographic event monitoring, queue management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based commercial toll collection.

[0066] Some UE 115s can be configured to operate in a power-saving mode, such as half-duplex communication (e.g., a mode that supports unidirectional communication via transmission or reception but does not involve concurrent transmission and reception). In some examples, half-duplex communication can be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power-saving techniques for UE 115s include entering a power-saving deep sleep mode when not engaged in active communication, operating with limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communication), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UE 115s can be configured to operate using a narrowband protocol type associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., a set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a carrier's guard band, or outside a carrier.

[0067] Wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication, or various combinations thereof. For example, wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private or group communication and may be supported by one or more services, such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritizing services, and such services may be used for public safety or general business applications. The terms “ultra-reliable,” “low-latency,” and “ultra-reliable low-latency” are used interchangeably herein.

[0068] In some examples, UE 115 may be configured to support direct communication with other UE 115s via device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocols). In some examples, one or more UE 115s performing D2D communication in a group may be within the coverage area 110 of network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communication configured (e.g., scheduled by network entity 105). In some examples, one or more UE 115s in such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of network entity 105, or may otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from network entity 105. In some examples, the group of UE 115s communicating via D2D communication may support a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UE 115s in the group. In some examples, network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources used for D2D communication. In other examples, D2D communication may be performed between UEs 115 without involving network entity 105.

[0069] In some systems, the D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel (such as a sidelink communication channel) between vehicles (e.g., UE 115). In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-vehicle (V2X) communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, or a combination of these. Vehicles may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal control, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to the V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure (such as roadside units), or communicate with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., network entity 105, base station 140, RU 170) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication, or both.

[0070] Core network 130 provides user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. Core network 130 can be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), access and mobility management function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility, and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or user plane function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to external networks. The control plane entity manages non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE 115 served by network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) associated with core network 130. User IP packets can be transferred through user plane entities, which provide IP address allocation and other functions. User plane entities can connect to one or more network operator IP services 150. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, intranets, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0071] Wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands in the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Generally, the area from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band or decimeter band because the wavelength range is approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which may be referred to as clusters), but these waves are sufficient to penetrate structures so that macrocells can provide service to UE 115 located indoors. Compared to communication using smaller frequencies and longer wavelengths in the lower frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz, communication using UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 km).

[0072] The wireless communication system 100 can also operate in the ultra-high frequency (SHF) region (also known as the centimeter band) in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz or in the extremely high frequency (EHF) region (e.g., 30 GHz to 300 GHz) (also known as the millimeter band) using the spectrum. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 can support millimeter-wave (mmW) communication between the UE 115 and network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), and the EHF antennas of the corresponding devices can be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the device. However, compared to SHF or UHF transmission, EHF transmission may experience even greater attenuation and a shorter range. The techniques disclosed herein can be adopted for transmission across one or more different frequency regions, and the frequency band usage specified across these frequency regions may vary by country or regulatory authority.

[0073] Wireless communication system 100 can utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, wireless communication system 100 can use unlicensed frequency bands (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band) to employ Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), LTE Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology. When operating with unlicensed RF spectrum, devices such as network entity 105 and UE 115 can employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operation using unlicensed frequency bands can be combined with component carriers operating with licensed frequency bands based on carrier aggregation configurations (e.g., LAA). Operation using unlicensed spectrum can include downlink transmission, uplink transmission, P2P transmission, or D2D transmission, etc.

[0074] Network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which can support MIMO operation or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly (such as an antenna tower). In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. Network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a collection of multiple rows and columns of antenna ports that network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with UE 115. Similarly, UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

[0075] Network entity 105 or UE 115 can use MIMO communication to leverage multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. This technique is known as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals can be transmitted, for example, by a transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Similarly, the multiple signals can be received by a receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals can be referred to as a separate spatial stream and can carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers can be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include: single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device; and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

[0076] Beamforming (also known as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting or receiving device (e.g., network entity 105, UE 115) to shape or guide an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting and receiving devices. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals transmitted via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along a specific orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to the signals transmitted via the antenna elements may include applying amplitude shifts, phase shifts, or both to the signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of these antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a specific orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting or receiving device or relative to some other orientation).

[0077] Network entity 105 or UE 115 may use beam scanning technology as part of beamforming operations. For example, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted multiple times by network entity 105 along different directions. For example, network entity 105 may transmit signals according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different transmission directions. Transmission along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device (such as network entity 105) or by a receiving device (such as UE 115)) the beam direction for later transmission or reception by network entity 105.

[0078] Some signals (such as data signals associated with a specific receiving device) may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., transmitting network entity 105, transmitting UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., the direction associated with the receiving device (such as receiving network entity 105 or receiving UE 115). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmission along a single beam direction may be determined based on the signals transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, UE 115 may receive one or more signals transmitted by network entity 105 along different directions and may report to network entity 105 an indication of signals received by UE 115 with the highest signal quality or other acceptable signal quality.

[0079] In some examples, transmissions performed by a device (e.g., network entity 105 or UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital pre-decoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from network entity 105 to UE 115). UE 115 may report feedback indicating pre-decoding weights for one or more beam directions, and this feedback may correspond to a set of beams configured across the system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. Network entity 105 may transmit reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS)) that may or may not be pre-decoded. UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a pre-decoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., multi-panel codebook, linear combination codebook, port selection codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted by network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) along one or more directions, UE 115 may use similar techniques to transmit signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., to identify the beam direction used by UE 115 for subsequent transmission or reception), or to transmit signals along a single direction (e.g., to transmit data to a receiving device).

[0080] A receiving device (e.g., UE 115) may perform reception operations according to multiple reception configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals (such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from a transmitting device (e.g., network entity 105). For example, the receiving device may perform reception according to multiple reception directions by: receiving via different antenna subarrays; processing the received signal according to different antenna subarrays; receiving according to different sets of reception beamforming weights (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array; or processing the received signal according to different sets of reception beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array. Any of these operations may be referred to as “listening” according to different reception configurations or reception directions. In some examples, the receiving device may use a single reception configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when a data signal is received). A single receiver configuration can be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receiver configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or other acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0081] The wireless communication system 100 can be a packet-based network operating according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communication at the bearer or PDCP layer can be IP-based. The RLC layer performs packet segmentation and reassembly for transmission via logical channels. The MAC layer performs priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels to transport channels. The MAC layer can also use error detection, error correction, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the RRC layer provides the establishment, configuration, and maintenance of RRC connections between the UE 115 and network entity 105 or core network 130 that support user plane data radio bearers. The PHY layer maps transport channels to physical channels.

[0082] UE 115 and network entity 105 can support data retransmission to increase the likelihood of successful data reception. Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback is a technique used to increase the likelihood of correctly receiving data via communication links (e.g., communication link 125, D2D communication link 135). HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)). HARQ can improve throughput at the MAC layer under poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise ratio conditions). In some examples, the device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, in which case the device can provide HARQ feedback in a specific time slot for data received via a previous symbol in that time slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in subsequent time slots or according to a different time interval.

[0083] A wireless device (e.g., UE 115 or network entity 105) operating within a wireless communication system 100 can perform a Probabilistic Allocation (PAS) scheme, which combines constellation shaping and channel decoding to reduce transmit power or optimize signal quality at the destination. The PAS can also generate a set of bits mapped into the constellation that have a higher probability of being decoded by the receiving device (e.g., UE 115 or network entity 105). In some cases, the PAS scheme can be a composition-based probabilistic shaping scheme or an energy-based probabilistic shaping scheme. When using either scheme, the PAS scheme may include estimating or approximating the values ​​of sequence quantities, cumulative sequence quantities, or polynomial coefficients. Such approximation calculations can be relatively complex and may result in relatively high levels of time and resource consumption. Therefore, one way to obtain approximations for sequence quantities or cumulative sequence quantities is to exponentiate the logarithm of the corresponding values. However, performing such exponentiation calculations can be computationally expensive and lead to increased resource consumption. Therefore, due to increased resource consumption, the latency associated with the PAS process may also increase, thereby reducing the efficiency of the wireless communication system.

[0084] This disclosure describes techniques for enhancing power generation methods for PAS in wireless devices (e.g., UE 115 or network entity 105). For example, the wireless device can use a finite-precision power generation method to efficiently power energy-based or composition-based quantities with a high level of accuracy. In some examples, the power generation process described herein can use inputs in a fixed-point number format containing integer and fractional parts and produce outputs in a floating-point number format. Furthermore, the power generation process may also include the wireless device performing one or more table lookup operations on a lookup table. In such processes, the number of rows in the lookup table may be based on the input format, and the number of rows in the lookup table may be based on the output format.

[0085] Therefore, during the first exponentiation process, the wireless device can perform a single table lookup operation and a single subtraction operation on the first lookup table, thereby reducing the resources consumed during the PAS process. However, the lookup table used in the first exponentiation process may be relatively large, leading to increased storage complexity. In the second method, a second lookup table, as a subset of the first lookup table, can be used, thereby reducing the storage complexity associated with storing the second lookup table. When using the second exponentiation process to reduce the storage complexity of the wireless device, the second exponentiation process results in a slight decrease in accuracy and an increase in resource consumption because it includes additional operations. However, some wireless devices may be configured with relatively little storage space and a large amount of computational resources, so the second exponentiation process may be used preferentially over the first exponentiation process. Similarly, for wireless devices configured with large storage space and a relatively small amount of resources available for computation, the first exponentiation process may be used preferentially over the second exponentiation process. Furthermore, the technology of this disclosure enhances the wireless communication system by reducing the latency associated with the PAS process by performing fewer computations than those performed using the present technology.

[0086] Figure 2 An example of an encoding process 200 supporting an exponentiation method for a PAS process, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. In some examples, the encoding process 200 may be implemented by aspects of a wireless communication system 100. For example, a transmitting device may encode a message for transmission to a receiving device according to the encoding process 200. In some examples, the receiving device may perform a decoding operation including the inverse operation corresponding to the operation of the encoding process 200.

[0087] In some wireless communication systems, wireless devices can support one or more higher-order MCSs (e.g., QAM-16, QAM-64, and QAM-256), which can increase throughput. The constellation in such systems can be fixed, and each constellation point can be used with equal probability. In some examples (e.g., on an AQGN channel), such capacity can be achievable if the input distribution is Gaussian. A Gaussian distribution can be a probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean. Therefore, graphically, a Gaussian distribution can be represented as or exhibit as a bell curve. However, the difference between the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) used to achieve a rate with a given MCS and the SNR that an improved capacity implementation scheme can achieve at the same rate is called the shaping gap. For such channels (e.g., QWGN channels), when the channel input is uniformly distributed, the shaping gap can asymptotically equal to a threshold (e.g., approximately 1.53 dB). Some constellation shaping techniques (such as geometric shaping and probabilistic shaping) can reduce or eliminate the shaping gap. Geometric shaping can achieve equiprobability signaling with Gaussian-like constellation points, while probabilistic shaping can result in a non-uniform (e.g., Gaussian-like) distribution of constellation points. Probabilistic shaping can include mesh shaping and shell mapping, among others. In some examples, PAS can include shaping techniques for performing probabilistic shaping. PAS can combine the outer layer of shaping with the inner layer of binary FEC decoding to provide low complexity and flexible integration with existing bit-interleaved decoding-modulation (BICM) schemes. Furthermore, PAS can provide relatively large shaping gain and inherent rate-adaptive functionality.

[0088] In some examples, encoding process 200 may be an example of a PAS process, and the transmitting device may encode the information bit set 205 (e.g., TB or CB) and then transmit the corresponding modulation symbol to the receiving device. The number of bits included in the information bit set 205 can be expressed as... ,in It can represent the number of bits in the first subset of the information bit set 205, and This can represent the number of bits in the second subset of the information bit set 205. The first subset... k The units digit may undergo distribution matching (e.g., it may be called the shaped digit, or alternatively the amplitude digit), and the second subset of The units digit may not undergo distribution matching (e.g., it may be referred to as an unshaped digit, or alternatively as a sign digit).

[0089] The transmitting device can input information bits into segment 210, which can output including A sequence of information bits (For example, ) and including A sequence of information bits (For example, In some examples, segment 210 may include demultiplexing the set of information bits into a sequence. and sequence The distribution matcher 215 can take a sequence as input. And output includes A sequence of amplitude symbols (For example, The distributed matcher 215 can be applied. The rate and can be Each information bit is encoded as follows: The amplitude symbol. The distribution matcher 215 can be a constant composition distribution matcher (CCDM), a multiset partition distribution matcher (MPDM), or can use spherical shaping and other possible distribution matching techniques. Based on the non-uniform probability distribution associated with (e.g., used by) the distribution matcher 215, different intermediate symbols within the possible (e.g., candidate) intermediate symbol pool are included in the intermediate symbol pool. The probabilities in the length sequence may not be equal—that is, some intermediate symbols may be included with a higher probability than others. In some cases, the intermediate symbol can be an ASK symbol. Furthermore, the distribution matcher 215 can use the values ​​induced by the distribution matcher 215. A non-uniform, symbol-by-symbol marginal distribution over the amplitude symbols, which may be closer to the capacity-realizing input distribution than a uniform distribution. In some examples, the non-uniform distribution used by the distribution matcher 215 may be a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution for the AWGN channel. The distribution matcher 215 can then convert the sequence... Output to symbol bit mapper 220.

[0090] Symbol bitmapper 220 can convert intermediate symbols to symbols based on Gray mapping. The length represented is of( A Gray sequence. Gray mapping, or Gray decoding, is an ordering of binary numerical systems such that two consecutive bits can differ by only a single binary bit. For example, the conventional binary value two could be "010", but using Gray mapping, binary value two could be "011" because binary value one could be '001'. Therefore, binary value three using Gray mapping could be '010' because only a single bit can be changed when using Gray decoding. Each amplitude symbol in the amplitude symbols can correspond to ( ) ( ) units, each of which contributes one bit to the bit sequence. These totals may produce Amplitude bits, of which It is the modulation order of the intermediate symbols (e.g., the number of distinct intermediate symbols within a possible pool of intermediate symbols can be equal to...). ).

[0091] In some examples, the transmitting device can transmit the output of the symbol bit mapper 220. Length bit sequence and Each unerected bit is input to the FEC encoder 225. The FEC encoder 225 can support error correction for subsequent transmissions by encoding redundancy into the transmission. Based on the bits input to the FEC encoder 225, the FEC encoder 225 can generate system bits and parity bits. For example, for each ( With 10 input bits, the FEC encoder 225 can generate The unit digit, where the extra digit can be a parity bit. Therefore, in some examples, the encoding rate at FEC encoder 225 can be calculated as... In some cases, the transmitting device can be based on... Determine The FEC encoder 225 can generate ( ) parity bits . Parity bits together The additional information bits can be converted by the symbol generator 230. The sign bit sequence within Therefore, the bit-to-constellation symbol mapper 235 can map sequences. In One sign bit and Each amplitude bit is used to generate The constellation points are used to form an output sequence 240, which may include constellation points. A sequence of constellation points In some examples, the output sequence 240 can be formed based on the Gray map (e.g., sequence 240). ).therefore, Each of the sign bits can correspond to the sign of the corresponding constellation point.

[0092] In some examples, such as reference Figure 2 As illustrated, the transmitter chain can perform encoding process 200 and can perform symbol-level PAS. For example, such a transmitter chain can be considered to have a modulation order of... Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) constellations. An ASK constellation may include an amplitude alphabet of... constellation points (e.g., As described in this paper, the amplitude alphabet can refer to a set of constellation points of a bit string or bit sequence. In some examples, the architecture illustrated in encoding procedure 200 can be naturally generalized to modulation orders of... QAM constellations. These QAM constellations may include those with an amplitude alphabet of... of The constellation points in the diagram. In some examples, the encoding process 200 described in this paper can produce... The sending rate. Furthermore, this can be found elsewhere in this document (including references). Figures 3 to 6 This section provides additional information on using the encoding process 200 in the PAS process.

[0093] Figure 3 An example of a wireless communication system 300 supporting a power operation method for a PAS process according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. In some examples, the wireless communication system 300 may implement or be implemented by the wireless communication system 100. For example, the wireless communication system 300 may include wireless devices 305-a and 305-b, which may be referenced herein. Figure 1 Examples of the devices described. In some examples, wireless device 305-a and wireless device 305-b may be referenced herein. Figure 1 Examples of UE 115, network entity 105, or another device described herein. Wireless devices 305-a and 305-b can also communicate via communication link 310. Communication link 310 may be a reference herein. Figure 1 Examples of Uu links, side links, backhaul links, D2D links, or some other type of communication link 125 described.

[0094] In some examples of the wireless communication system 300, wireless devices 305 (e.g., wireless devices 305-a and 305-b) may transmit a data payload 315 via a message through a communication link 310. In some cases, the data payload 315 may include a set of information bits that may be modulated into a set of constellation symbols for reference. Figure 3 This is a part of the described PAS process 320. The PAS process 320 may include an exponentiation operation 330, which can receive input 325 and produce output 335. In some cases, the PAS process 320 may use an amplitude alphabet. (For example, ),in It can be an integer and greater than one (e.g., ), and amplitude alphabet It can be the size of The alphabet. Furthermore... Each element of the alphabet can be called a symbol. In some cases, the alphabet... There may exist an order on the list such that for any In other words, (For example, For a given and between 1 and Integers between Use the alphabet , It can be A subset of, which includes symbols , of which all (For example, ).For example, , and ,and .

[0095] In some cases, given a size of alphabet ,symbol For each Energy can be expressed as Furthermore, it can be assumed that symbolic energies can be distinct (e.g., unique), and that induced ordering can exist between energies (e.g., for any symbolic energy). , ).For example, The ASK constellation can be defined as follows: , making (For example, therefore) (This may depend on the modulation order of the PAS process 320) and Can correspond to ASK constellation. In some cases, , making In some examples, for each ,symbol energy It can make In some other examples, for each ,symbol energy It can make For example, due to , and when Compared to the past, when hour, It may involve Shift scaling.

[0096] In addition, sequence size It can be calculated and expressed using Equation 1, where the length is... as well as The set of all sequences within a set is such that each sequence in the set has an equality equal to energy . (1)

[0097] therefore, It can represent the cardinality of a sequence (e.g., the total number of distinct sequences in a set). Additionally or alternatively, it can be used when the alphabet size is clear from the context. When, superscript " "Can be omitted, and the sequence quantity can be represented as In other words, for a given , It can be and A bivariate integer-valued function.

[0098] In some examples, it can also be targeted The inner length is Calculate the cumulative sequence size from the set of all sequences. Such that each sequence has at most 10^20 ... The energy. Therefore, the cumulative sequence quantity. It can be represented by Equation 2. (2)

[0099] Therefore, as described in Equation 2, Can represent cardinality (e.g., set) The total number of different sequences in the sequence, which is: Additionally or alternatively, when the alphabet size is clear from the context. When, superscript " "Can be omitted, and the cumulative sequence size can be written as As an agent. Therefore, for a given , It can be and A bivariate integer-valued function.

[0100] In some examples, the PAS process 320 may include composition-based probabilistic shaping. In such examples, the PAS process 320 may encode information bits into a compositional shape. The symbol sequence can belong to a set (e.g., a group) of one or more targets. Furthermore, the symbol sequence can have a length equal to the sequence length. The length of the symbol sequence, where each element of the symbol sequence can belong to the alphabet. Therefore, PAS procedure 320 may involve processing polynomial coefficients. By approximation, the coefficients of this polynomial can be defined by Equation 3. (3)

[0101] Polynomial coefficients can be used for lengths equal to And has equal to The total number of sequences composed of these elements is counted. In some cases, Each element (e.g., () can be non-negative and can be less than or equal to The corresponding elements (e.g., Furthermore, PAS process 320 can be used for more than one... Values ​​and more than one value vectors to pair An approximation is made. Therefore, directly... Making an approximation may be computationally difficult for wireless device 305-a, wireless device 305-b, or both. Therefore, wireless device 305-a, wireless device 305-b, or both can form The logarithm (e.g., This approximation of the polynomial coefficients can be obtained more efficiently and accurately. Therefore, a method for obtaining polynomial coefficients... The approximation method can accurately and efficiently approximate the logarithm of the polynomial coefficients (e.g., Perform exponentiation.

[0102] In some other examples, the PAS process 320 may include energy-based probabilistic shaping. For example, the alphabet. It can have a sequence length and maximum sequence energy Therefore, when the PAS process 320 can be an energy-based shaping method, the PAS process 320 can include... Each information bit is encoded into a sequence. (For example, ), and thus obtain belonging to symbol sequence (For example, Additionally or alternatively, in some cases, the PAS procedure 320 includes symbol-level energy-based probabilistic shaping. In some other cases, the PAS procedure 320 may include bit-level energy-based probabilistic shaping. Furthermore, the encoding method of the PAS procedure 320 may induce from all A set of information bit sequences An injective mapping. Therefore, it can be achieved through... , and face Conditions are applied to obtain a unique decoding.

[0103] In some cases, when the sequence length and maximum sequence energy When the value can be relatively large, This can be relatively small. Therefore, the coding method for PAS process 320 may include determination (e.g., estimation) of the value range. and The value. This range of values ​​can have a sequence length. Sequence energy and one or more alphabets , making and However, similar to determining the values ​​of the polynomial coefficients in PAS procedure 320, determining... and The exact amount may be computationally difficult for wireless devices 305-a, 305-b, or both. For example, calculating such a amount may be inefficient and could lead to increased latency in the wireless communication system 300 (e.g., the delay of PAS process 320 may delay the transmission of data payload 315 between wireless devices 305-a and 305-b). Therefore, wireless devices 305-a, 305-b, or both may form and The logarithm (e.g., and It is an approximation of , which can be more efficient and accurate.

[0104] Furthermore, the corresponding approximate values ​​can be expressed as follows: and Therefore, in order to obtain and The approximate value, wireless device 305-a, wireless device 305-b, or both can accurately and efficiently approximate the value. or To exponentiate the approximate value (e.g., to the value obtained from the approximation method). or (Perform exponentiation). However, similar to... Approximate the value of , and approximate . or Approximating the value can be computationally complex and may increase latency in the wireless communication system 300. Therefore, the present disclosure describes a technique in which the wireless device 305 uses an exponentiation method 340 based on performing a table lookup operation to reduce actual computation. , or The computational complexity of approximating the value.

[0105] Furthermore, the computational precision of the encoding method described herein from the transmitting wireless device 305 and the corresponding decoding method from the receiving wireless device 305 may affect the total number of information bits that can be uniquely decoded. For example, the wireless device 305 may be configured with a limited number of computational resources (e.g., resources for finite-precision digital signal processing (DSP) operations). Therefore, the wireless device 305 may have to determine the total number of information bits that can be uniquely decoded by considering the information bits (e.g., and ,or Finite-precision arithmetic is achieved by encoding and decoding data in a specific format. In some cases, and ,or The data format can be a fixed-point data format having a first part (e.g., specifying bit width) for the integer part and a second part (e.g., specifying bit width) for the fractional part. The total bit width of the fixed data points can be a priori (e.g., known without any computation) and can be changed without being performed by computation as part of the PAS procedure 320.

[0106] Therefore, the technique of this disclosure introduces a finite-precision exponentiation 330 process for approximating and efficiently applying energy-based quantities (e.g., with a relatively high level of accuracy). and ) or based on quantities of composition (e.g., polynomial coefficients) The present disclosure describes a power operation 330 process to be performed by a transmitting wireless device 305 (e.g., wireless device 305-a or wireless device 305-b) and a receiving wireless device 305 (e.g., wireless device 305-a or wireless device 305-b). For example, wireless device 305 may perform a power operation on an approximation of the logarithm of an energy-based quantity or an approximation of the logarithm of polynomial coefficients to form an approximation of the energy-based quantity or polynomial coefficients in a finite-precision number format based on a table lookup operation that is the opposite of the actual calculation.

[0107] Therefore, an approximation based on the logarithm of the amount of energy (e.g., and ) or an approximation of the logarithm of the polynomial coefficients (e.g., The input 325 can be the power operation 330 of the PAS process 320. Using the input 325, the power operation 330 can generate or form an output 335, which can be an amount based on energy or an approximation of polynomial coefficients. Furthermore, the power operation 330 can be performed via one or more power operation methods 340 (e.g., power operation method 340-a or power operation method 340-b). In some examples, the power operation method 340 of the power operation 330 may include the wireless device 305-a or wireless device 305-b performing one or more table lookup operations on a lookup table (e.g., a first lookup table in power operation method 340-a or a second lookup table in power operation method 340-b, which may be a subset of the first lookup table).

[0108] In some cases, the lookup table may depend on the finite-precision number format of the input 325 (e.g., a first finite-precision number format) and the finite-precision number format of the output 335 (e.g., a second finite-precision number format). Additionally or alternatively, the lookup table may be aligned between the transmitting wireless device 305 and the receiving wireless device 305. That is, both wireless device 305-a and wireless device 305-b may store the contents of the lookup table. Therefore, the output 335 (e.g., an approximation of energy-based quantities or polynomial coefficients) may be based on a table lookup operation, wherein wireless device 305-a, wireless device 305-b, or both may perform the table lookup operation. Furthermore, in some cases (e.g., when using exponentiation method 340-b), exponentiation method 340 may also include interpolation operations (e.g., estimation operations for constructing additional data points based on a range of known data points).

[0109] The finite-precision number format (e.g., a first finite-precision number format) of the input 325 used in the exponentiation operation 330 may include a first part and a second part. For example, the first finite-precision number format may be a fixed-point number format, where the first part may be an integer part and the second part may be a fractional part. Therefore, the input 325 may be a number with a fixed-point number format (e.g., The value of (a fixed-point number). and The value can be a positive integer greater than one, and The number of fixed points can be determined by... This indicates. Regarding from... The negative part of the decimal part of a fixed-point number (e.g., )arrive The integer part of a fixed-point number minus one (e.g., )of All values, It can be equal to the first bit (e.g., )and The sum of the products. Equation 4 can be expressed for an input of 325. Number of fixed points The sum of. (4)

[0110] In the example of Equation 4, it is possible to target (For example, The possible set of bit values ​​and (For example, To calculate the possible set of values ​​of ) .therefore, (For example, enter 325) A bit-fixed-point number can be represented by the binary number shown below. The binary number may include the integer part for the input 325. The units digit and the decimal part of the input 325. Ones.

[0111] Furthermore, the finite-precision number format (e.g., the second finite-precision number format) of the output 335 used in the exponentiation operation 330 can be a floating-point number format (e.g., (2-bit floating-point number). A 2-bit floating-point number can be obtained from It means that among them It can be an integer greater than or equal to two (e.g., ). The value can be equal to the first value (e.g., ) and the second value (e.g., The product of two, where the first value can be an unsigned integer, the second value can be equal to the third value of two (e.g., ...). The third value is greater than ) times. Negative values ​​(e.g.) ). The value of can be defined by Equation 5. (5)

[0112] In the example of equation 5, The value can be Bit unsigned integer, such that It can be equal to 0, or the most significant bit (MSB) in the binary expansion can be 1. Therefore, The value can be stored in a bit set of the memory (e.g., memory in one or more memories) of the wireless device 305 (e.g., wireless device 305-a, wireless device 305-b, or both), such that the MSB of the bit set can represent The binary value and the least significant bit (LBS) of the bit set can represent The binary value. Furthermore, if It equals 2,503 (e.g., 100111000111) and If Z equals 24,696 (for example, 01110000001111000), then the value of Z can be equal to... (For example, Additional or alternative land, The binary value can be represented as a 12-bit number.

[0113] Therefore, using the techniques of this disclosure, wireless device 305-a, wireless device 305-b, or both, can use PAS process 320 to modulate the set of information bits for the data payload 315 used to transmit a message. In some examples, the set of information bits can be modulated into a set of constellation symbols by applying an approximation based on an energy quantity or polynomial coefficients. Furthermore, such approximations can be used as a received fixed-point number format input 325 (e.g., (a fixed-point number) to generate a floating-point output of 335 (e.g., a 335). The exponentiation operation 330 is obtained as part of a power operation (330) on a 3-bit floating-point number. In some examples, as described herein, the power operation 330 may include one or more power operation methods 340 (e.g., power operation method 340-a and power operation method 340-b). Such power operation methods 340 may be described elsewhere in this document, for example, see reference to Figure 4 Describe the exponentiation method 340-a, and you can refer to it. Figure 5 Describe the exponentiation method 340-b.

[0114] Figure 4 An example of a power operation procedure 400 supporting a power operation method for a PAS process according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. In some examples, the power operation procedure 400 may be implemented by or by wireless communication system 100 or wireless communication system 300. For example, a transmitting wireless device (which may be a reference) Figure 1 The example of UE115 or network entity 105 described can be performed as a reference. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The exponentiation process 400 is a part of the described PAS process.

[0115] In some examples, the exponentiation process 400 may include an exponentiation operation 405, which may be performed based on one or more exponentiation methods 410 (e.g., exponentiation method 410-a or exponentiation method 410-b). Therefore, Figure 4 The exponentiation process 400 illustrated herein can represent the execution of the exponentiation method 410-a.

[0116] As described in this article, as part of the PAS process, the value It can represent an approximation of the logarithm of a quantity based on energy (e.g., or ) or an approximation of the logarithm of the polynomial coefficients (e.g., Furthermore, the approximation may have a first finite precision format (e.g., a fixed-point format) and may be... Fixed-point number. Furthermore, the logarithm of the approximation can be base 2. Therefore, It can be a unique number, such that for In terms of positive real values, .

[0117] In traditional exponentiation techniques, wireless devices can calculate the value of an exponentiation based on the quantity of energy or the approximate logarithmic value of polynomial coefficients (e.g., , ,or Such calculations can be computationally difficult for wireless devices (e.g., having a high level of computational complexity) and may result in high levels of computational resource consumption. Furthermore, this increased computational resource consumption may also increase the latency associated with the PAS process, thereby increasing the latency of communication between wireless devices and reducing the reliability of the wireless communication system (e.g., wireless communication system 100 or wireless communication system 300). Therefore, the techniques of this disclosure can describe a power operation method 410 for the power operation 405 to reduce the computational complexity level of the power operation 405, thereby reducing the latency associated with the PAS process and improving the reliability of the wireless communication system.

[0118] For example, the exponentiation operation 405 performed by exponentiation method 410-a can be based on 2, and therefore the exponentiation operation 405 can be approximated using a single lookup table operation and a single subtraction operation. Instead of performing calculations In practice, wireless devices may lack the computational resources to perform exponentiation 405 using conventional techniques, and therefore may be unable to perform the PAS process. Therefore, the technology disclosed herein provides an exponentiation method 410 for performing exponentiation 405 as part of an exponentiation process (e.g., exponentiation process 400), to allow such wireless devices with limited computational resources to perform the PAS process.

[0119] In some examples, the value It can represent The unsigned integer part of the integer part of a fixed-point number. It can be (for example, , or The approximate logarithm of ). Therefore, The binary expansion of can be written as In addition, it is used for... The approximate exponentiation method 410-a for the exponentiation operation 405 can utilize a lookup table 415. In some examples, the lookup table 415 may be predetermined and aligned between the transmitting and receiving wireless devices, and stored by both the transmitting and receiving wireless devices. Furthermore, the lookup table 415 may have a number of rows in a finite-precision number format based on the input of the exponentiation operation 405 and a number of columns in a finite-precision number format based on the output of the exponentiation operation 405. For example, the input of the exponentiation operation 405 may have a first finite-precision number format (e.g., a fixed-point number format), which may be... A fixed-point number, and the output of the exponentiation 405 can have a second finite-precision number format (e.g., a floating-point format), which can be... 415 is a floating-point number. Therefore, the number of rows in table 415 can be equal to 1. And the number of columns to look up in table 415 can be equal to In other words, lookup table 415 can have approximate values ​​of logarithmic approximations of the input for exponentiation operation 405. There are possible values ​​(e.g., the output of exponentiation operation 405), where the value of the output of exponentiation operation 405 can have _ possible values ​​(e.g., the output of exponentiation operation 405 can have _ possible values). Ones.

[0120] Within lookup table 415, The value can be an integer such that And can have Bit-bin expansion (e.g., ).therefore, The value of can be determined by equation 6, where It can be the number of digits in the decimal part of the input for the exponentiation operation 405 (e.g., (number of fixed points) and each It can represent a bit. (6)

[0121] In some examples, lookup table 415 can also utilize a 1-based index, where the index of lookup table 415 can start from 1. Therefore, it can be derived from... of Bit-bin expansion (e.g., ) index of A row can store integers with values ​​represented by the floor function in equation 7. Bitwise binary expansion. (7)

[0122] Furthermore, the exponentiation method 410-a of exponentiation operation 405 can determine the exponentiation for equation 5. The value of can be calculated as shown in the reference. Figure 3 The output of the exponentiation operation 405 described. The value can be based on the AND and Equals lookup table 415. binary expansion (e.g., The rows associated with the index of ). Therefore, The determination of the exponentiation operation 405 for the fixed-point number input can be equivalent to being precisely given by the rows of lookup table 415. of Bitwise binary expansion. Furthermore, the exponentiation method 410-a of exponentiation operation 405 can also be based on the determined... The value is used to determine the application of equation 5. The value of is as described by Equation 8. (8)

[0123] For example, in Figure 4 In the example shown, the fixed-point number format of the input to the power operation method 410-a of power operation 405 allows for... and Furthermore, the floating-point format of the output of the exponentiation method 410-a of exponentiation 405 can make... Therefore, lookup table 415 can have 32 rows (e.g., ) and 16 columns, such as Figure 4 As illustrated in the example. Additionally, the number of columns (e.g., The value of ( ) can be represented by the number of bits in each row index value. Therefore, in some examples, The (5, 5)-bit fixed-point number can be represented as 11011.10101, where The integer part (e.g., ) can be equal to 11011 (e.g., the decimal number 27) and The decimal part (e.g., ) can be equal to 10101 (e.g., the decimal number 21).

[0124] Therefore, wireless devices can use The decimal part (e.g., The bit vector (1, 0, 1, 0, 1) is used to determine the index of lookup table 415. Using... The wireless device can perform a table lookup operation to read the content corresponding to the index in lookup table 415 (e.g., perform a read operation from a memory location of lookup table 415) by using the bit vector index. Therefore, the wireless device can obtain the data from lookup table 415 via a single table lookup operation. The value is 420. For example, as... Figure 4 As illustrated in lookup table 415, row 22 of the lookup table corresponds to index (1, 0, 1, 0, 1) (for example, lookup table 415 could use a 1-based index, where index (0, 0, 0, 0, 0) could represent row 1 instead of row 0), which represents The value can be equal to the binary number 1100100110111001 (for example, the decimal number 51641).

[0125] use The value can be determined by a single subtraction operation as described in Equation 8. The value of . For example, as described in this article, The integer part (e.g., ) can equal 27 and The value (e.g., the number of bits in the output of the exponentiation method 410-a of exponentiation 405) can be equal to 16, and therefore, The value can be equal to 12 (for example, Therefore, it is determined based on the table lookup operation. The value and determined by subtraction. The value that the wireless device can determine The value (e.g., as described in Equation 5) can be based on the amount of energy (e.g., or ) or polynomial coefficients (e.g., The logarithmic approximation of ). Therefore, the output of the exponentiation operation 405 using the exponentiation method 410-a (e.g., ) can be The value (e.g., the decimal number 5,164 or the binary number 1100100110111001) and The value (e.g., decimal 12 or binary 0000000000001100) determines whether the output of the exponentiation operation 405 can be equal to (For example, (), which can be a 16-digit number.

[0126] Therefore, as described herein, the computational complexity of the exponentiation process 400, which calculates the exponentiation operation 405 via exponentiation method 410-a, can be based on a single lookup table operation (e.g., to obtain...). The value) and a single subtraction operation (e.g., to get the ... The value of the exponentiation operation 405). Therefore, compared with the conventional techniques for calculating the value of the exponentiation operation 405 described elsewhere in this document, the exponentiation method 410-a can reduce the reference value. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The overall complexity of the PAS process being executed and described. Furthermore, the storage complexity of the exponentiation operation 405 can be based on storing the lookup table 415 along with the results and values ​​of various calculations required to compute the value of the exponentiation operation 405. Additional techniques for performing the exponentiation operation 405 via the exponentiation method 410 can be described elsewhere in this document. For example, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5 A description of the technique used to perform the exponentiation method 410-a.

[0127] Figure 5 An example of a power operation procedure 500 supporting a power operation method for a PAS process according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. In some examples, the power operation procedure 500 may be implemented by or by wireless communication system 100 or wireless communication system 300. For example, a transmitting wireless device (which may be a reference) Figure 1 The example of UE115 or network entity 105 described can be performed as a reference. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The exponentiation process 500 is a part of the described PAS process.

[0128] In some examples, the wireless device can perform a PAS procedure that includes a power operation (such as power operation procedure 500). In some cases, power operation procedure 500 may include power operation 505, which may be performed based on one or more power operation methods 510 (e.g., power operation method 510-a or power operation method 510-b). Therefore, Figure 5 The exponentiation process 500 illustrated herein can represent the execution of the exponentiation method 510-b.

[0129] In some examples, wireless devices may lack the ability to use references elsewhere in this article. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The conventional exponentiation technique described herein is intended to perform the exponentiation operation of the PAS process, which involves storage limitations. Therefore, wireless devices may be unable to perform the PAS process. Therefore, the technology of this disclosure allows wireless devices with relatively low storage levels to perform the PAS process by performing the exponentiation operation 505 via exponentiation method 510-b.

[0130] For example, as referenced Figure 4 As described, and The value can help determine the size of lookup table 515 (e.g., lookup table 515-a or lookup table 515-b). However, in some cases, and The value of may be relatively large, potentially leading to significant memory costs for storing lookup table 515 (e.g., a relatively large amount of memory resources may be available for storing lookup table 515). For example, to achieve a high level of accuracy in approximating energy-based quantities or logarithmic approximations of polynomial coefficients, values ​​in the range of 10 to 15 could be used as . The value. That is, the number of rows in table 515 can be [value missing]. row (e.g., row 1,024) to Between rows (e.g., 32,768 rows), each content of each row of lookup table 515 can be stored in different memory resources. Therefore, the exponentiation procedure 500 describes how the wireless device uses exponentiation method 510 (e.g., exponentiation method 510-b) to reduce the storage complexity of performing exponentiation 505.

[0131] For example, the exponentiation method 510-b of the exponentiation process 500 may include a subsampled lookup table 515 (e.g., lookup table 515-b) of a larger lookup table (e.g., lookup table 515-a) used by the wireless device, wherein lookup table 515-b may be smaller than lookup table 515-a. That is, lookup table 515-b may be a subset of lookup table 515-a. Therefore, using lookup table 515-b can save storage complexity (e.g., using less memory resources) compared to using lookup table 515-a. The exponentiation method 510-b may also include the wireless device performing an interpolation (e.g., estimation) process to support lookup table 515-b. Furthermore, lookup table 515-b may include the number of rows in a finite-precision number format based on the input of exponentiation 505 and the number of columns in a finite-precision number format based on the output of exponentiation 505.

[0132] In some examples, a wireless device performing exponentiation 505 using exponentiation method 510-b may only store lookup table 515-b. An instance of lookup table 515-a and the arrow pointing from lookup table 515-a to lookup table 515-b are only included in... Figure 5 The example illustrates the relationship between lookup table 515-a and lookup table 515-b. However, in some cases, the wireless device may perform a subsampling process or operation to generate lookup table 515-b from lookup table 515-a. For example, if the wireless device uses (e.g., reference...) Figure 4 The exponentiation method 510-a described and illustrated is switched to use (for example, as referenced in this article). Figure 5 The exponentiation method 510-b described and illustrated reduces the consumption of memory resources at the wireless device. Furthermore, the relationships between lookup tables 515 allow some rows in lookup table 515-a (e.g., such as...) Figure 5The uncrossed rows of lookup table 515-a illustrated herein may be included as rows of lookup table 515-b. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device storing lookup table 515-b may be unaware of lookup table 515-a and values ​​in lookup table 515-a that are not used in lookup table 515-b (e.g., such as...). Figure 5 The crossed-out row in lookup table 515-a is shown in the example.

[0133] For example, a row in lookup table 515-b can be associated with a row in lookup table 515-a based on the first three MSBs of the bit vector row index of lookup table 515-a. Therefore, a row in lookup table 515-b with index (1, 0, 0) can correspond to a row in lookup table 515-a with index (1, 0, 0, 0, 0), and a row in lookup table 515-b with index (1, 1, 1) can correspond to a row in lookup table 515-a with index (1, 1, 1, 0, 0). Therefore, rows in lookup table 515-b may contain row values ​​from lookup table 515-a with indices of the set {(0, 0, 0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0, 0, 0), (0, 1, 1, 0, 0), (1, 0, 0, 0), (1, 0, 1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1, 0, 0)}. Thus, while lookup table 515-b may contain values ​​from lookup table 515-b, a wireless device performing exponentiation 505 using exponentiation method 510-b may only store lookup table 515-b, and the wireless device may be unaware of other values ​​in lookup table 515-a (e.g., such as...). Figure 5 The crossed-out value in lookup table 515-a is shown in the example.

[0134] In some examples, the input to the exponentiation operation 505 may have a first finite precision number format (e.g., a fixed-point number format) and may be A fixed-point number, and the output of the exponentiation 505 can have a second finite-precision number format (e.g., floating-point format) and can be 515-b is a floating-point number. Therefore, the number of rows in table 515-b can be equal to 1. And the number of columns to look up in table 415 can be equal to . The value can be less than The number of decimal places in a fixed-point number (e.g., And values ​​greater than or equal to 1 (e.g., Therefore, lookup table 415 can have approximate values ​​of the logarithmic approximation for the input of exponentiation operation 405. There are possible values ​​(e.g., the output of exponentiation operation 405), where the value of the output of exponentiation operation 405 can have _ possible values ​​(e.g., the output of exponentiation operation 405 can have _ possible values). Ones.

[0135] also, The value can be Integers within the range, where It can have Bit-bin expansion (e.g., ).therefore, The value can be 1 or The sum of the products of the values, as described in Equation 9. (9)

[0136] In some examples, looking up table 515-b can also utilize, as in the reference... Figure 4 The described 1-base index. Therefore, it can be derived from... of Bit-bin expansion (e.g., ) index of A row can store integers with values ​​represented by the floor operation of equation 10. Bitwise binary expansion. (10)

[0137] Therefore, the exponentiation method 510-b can access the lookup table 515-b and the lookup table 515-b have an equality. (For example, The index of the number of bits is associated with the row. Furthermore, the exponentiation method 510-b can perform an interpolation process based on accessing the rows of lookup table 515-b to determine the estimated binary expansion (e.g., ).

[0138] As part of the interpolation operation, there may be integers. It can have equal to of The binary expansion can correspond to the first bit of lookup table 515-b. Okay. The exponentiation method 510-b may include the first step of the wireless device access lookup table 515-b. Okay, among them The value can be represented in the lookup table 515-b. The integer indicated in the row. Exponentiation method 510-b may also include the first integer in the wireless device access lookup table 515-b. Okay, among them The value can be represented in the lookup table 515-b. The integer indicated in the row. Therefore, the wireless device can use the integer in Equation 9. and The value is used to determine the application of equation 3. The value of . Using the determined value of Equation 3 allows the wireless device to determine the output of the exponentiation operation 505, as shown in the reference. Figure 3 As described. Furthermore, The value can be determined as the integer part of the result of equation 11. (11)

[0139] The multiplication of equation 11 can be achieved using... Bit shift operations and This is implemented using bitwise addition. Alternatively, the sum of the products can be mapped to binary fractions. Furthermore, it can be determined by the wireless device without additional computational costs (e.g., additional consumption of computing resources). Additionally, the exponentiation method 510-b of exponentiation 505 can also be based on the method determined from equation 11. The value is used to determine the application of equation 5. The value of is given by Equation 8. Furthermore, the interpolation operation performed by the exponentiation method 510-b can be a linear interpolation operation, and higher-order interpolation can be used to achieve a higher level of accuracy.

[0140] Therefore, the wireless device can use exponentiation method 510-b to perform exponentiation 505 as part of the PAS process using lookup table 515-b (e.g., a subsampled lookup table 515 of lookup table 515-a) and interpolation operations. For example, in Figure 5 In the example shown, the fixed-point number format of the input to the power operation method 510-b of the power operation 505 allows for... , and Furthermore, the floating-point format of the output of the exponentiation method 510-b of exponentiation 505 allows for... Therefore, lookup table 515-b can have 8 rows (e.g., ) and 16 columns, such as Figure 5 As illustrated in the example. Additionally, the number of columns (e.g., The value of ( ) can be represented by the number of bits in each row index value. Therefore, in some examples, The (5, 5)-bit fixed-point number can be represented as 11011.10101, where The integer part (e.g., ) can be equal to 11011 (e.g., the decimal number 27) and The decimal part (e.g., ) can be equal to 10101 (e.g., the decimal number 21).

[0141] because The value can be equal to 3, so wireless devices can use it. The first 3 MSBs (e.g., binary number 101 or decimal number 5). Furthermore, the value of row lookup table 515-b can correspond to the value of lookup table 515-a based on the first 3 MSBs of the bit vector in the row index of lookup table 515-a, as described herein. Therefore, wireless devices can use... The first 3 MSBs (e.g., a bit vector (1,0,1)) determine the index of lookup table 515-b, and a table lookup operation is performed to read the contents of a row (e.g., row 520 of lookup table 515-b). For example, as Figure 5 As illustrated in the example, the value of the row at index (1, 0, 1) can be equal to 1100010101100111.

[0142] The wireless device can then perform an interpolation operation (e.g., a linear interpolation operation) between row 520 and the next row (e.g., row 525 of lookup table 515-b), which may have the value 1101011101000100. Therefore, the interpolation operation using the values ​​of row 520 and row 525 can be determined using Equation 11. This could result in the 16-bit binary expansion of the value equaling 1100100101111111 (e.g., the decimal number 51,583). However, since the exponentiation method 510-b uses interpolation, it differs from using a reference... Figure 4 Compared to the described exponentiation method 510-a, the result (e.g., The value of may contain some error. Therefore, in the example described in this article, the relative interpolation error can be approximately 100%. .

[0143] Furthermore, wireless devices can use Equation 8 to determine the value of Equation 5. The value of . When using the exponentiation method 510-b, compared to when using the exponentiation method 510-a, The value can remain unchanged. Therefore, when using the exponentiation method 510-b, The value can be equal to 12. Therefore, it is determined based on the table lookup operation on lookup table 515-b used to find the contents of rows 520 and 525 of lookup table 515-b. Values, interpolation operations, and determination based on subtraction operations The value that the wireless device can determine The value of . As described elsewhere in this document, The value can be based on the amount of energy (e.g., or ) or polynomial coefficients (e.g., The logarithmic approximation of ) is an approximation. Therefore, the output of the exponentiation operation 505 using the exponentiation method 510-b can be obtained from The value (which can be based on) The value (e.g., decimal 51,583 or binary 1100100101111111) and The value (e.g., decimal 12 or binary 0000000000001100) determines a 16-bit floating-point number such that the output of the exponentiation operation 505 can be equal to (For example, ),like Figure 5 As described in the examples illustrated herein.

[0144] Therefore, the exponentiation method 510-b allows wireless devices with limited storage space or limited memory resources to perform the PAS process. Furthermore, while the exponentiation method 510-b may lead to a reduction in storage complexity, it may result in increased computational resource consumption (e.g., increased computational complexity) and a decrease in accuracy due to interpolation operations. However, the benefits of performing the PAS process may outweigh the increased computational complexity and decreased accuracy of the exponentiation method 510-b. Moreover, the exponentiation method 510-b may still be computationally simpler than the conventional exponentiation method 505 described elsewhere in this document. Therefore, the exponentiation method 510-b may lead to a reduction in the latency of the PAS process, thereby improving the performance of wireless communication systems (e.g., reference...). Figure 1 The described wireless communication system 100 or reference Figure 3 The reliability of the described wireless communication system 300 can be discussed elsewhere in this document (including references). Figure 6 This section provides a further description of the exponentiation method 510.

[0145] Figure 6 An example of a process flow 600 supporting a power operation method for a PAS process according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. In some examples, process flow 600 may implement or be implemented by wireless communication system 100 and / or wireless communication system 300. For example, process flow 600 may include wireless devices 605-a and 605-b, which may be referenced herein. Figure 1 Examples of the described devices (e.g., UE 115 or network entity 105).

[0146] In the following description of process flow 600, the operations between wireless devices 605-a and 605-b may be performed in a different order or at different times. Some operations may also be excluded from process flow 600, or other operations may be added. Although wireless devices 605-a and 605-b are shown as performing the operations of process flow 600, some aspects of some operations may also be performed by one or more other wireless devices.

[0147] At 610, wireless device 605-a can obtain a data payload for transmission via a message. The data payload may include a set of information bits. In some examples, wireless device 605-a may use the set of information bits of the data payload as part of a PAS process. At 615, as part of the PAS process, wireless device 605-a can generate a set of logarithmic values, which are approximations of the individual values ​​associated with the set of information bits. Furthermore, each logarithmic value in the set of logarithmic values ​​may have a first finite-precision number format including a first part and a second part. In some examples, the first finite-precision number format may be a fixed-point number format, wherein the first part of the first finite-precision number format may be the integer part of the fixed-point number format, and the second part of the first finite-precision number format may be the fractional part of the fixed-point number format.

[0148] In some cases, the values ​​may include energy-based quantities and polynomial coefficients. For example, the values ​​may include a first sequence quantity (e.g., a sequence quantity) equal to a first magnitude alphabet derived from a first magnitude alphabet comprising one or more magnitude alphabets. The values ​​are defined as follows: The first amplitude alphabet has a first alphabet size and a sequence length less than or equal to the sequence length of the constellation symbol set. Furthermore, the sequence length can ensure that each sequence in the first sequence quantity has an energy equal to the first sequence energy. The values ​​may also include a second sequence quantity equal to the first amplitude alphabet (e.g., a cumulative sequence quantity). The value of ) such that each sequence in the second sequence quantity has an energy less than or equal to the first energy. Additionally or alternatively, each value may also include an energy equal to the polynomial coefficients (e.g., The value of the polynomial coefficient can be associated with a sequence quantity having a sequence length less than or equal to the set of constellation symbols. Furthermore, a value equal to the polynomial coefficient can have a component value equal to the first component value.

[0149] At 620, as part of an exponentiation process, which may be part of a PAS process, the wireless device 605-a can obtain approximate values ​​for each logarithm in the logarithm set by exponentiation of each logarithm. Furthermore, the corresponding exponentiation may have a second finite-precision number format, and the exponentiation process may be based on one or more table lookup operations in a first lookup table. In some examples, the second finite-precision number format may be a floating-point format, which may be the product of a first integer and a second integer power of two. Additionally or alternatively, both the logarithm set and the exponentiation of each logarithm in the logarithm set may be base-two. Furthermore, the number of rows in the first lookup table may be based on a second part of the first finite-precision number format (e.g., the fractional part of a fixed-point number format), and the number of columns in the first lookup table may be based on the second finite-precision number format.

[0150] In some examples, the exponentiation process may include a table lookup operation within one or more table lookup operations and a subtraction operation, to obtain approximate values ​​by exponentiation of each logarithm in the set of logarithms. The result of the table lookup operation may be based on a second part of a first finite-precision number format (e.g., the decimal part of a fixed-point number format). Furthermore, the result of the subtraction operation may be based on a first part of the first finite-precision number format (e.g., the integer part of a fixed-point number format) and both a second finite-precision number format. Therefore, approximate values ​​may be based on the product of the result of the table lookup operation and the result of the subtraction operation.

[0151] In some other examples, the exponentiation process may include table lookup operations, subtraction operations, and interpolation operations based on one or more table lookup operations, to obtain approximate values ​​by exponentiation of individual logarithms in a set of logarithms. The result of the table lookup operation may be based on a subset of a second part of a first finite-precision number format, which is smaller than the second part of the first finite-precision number format. Furthermore, the result of the subtraction operation may be based on both a first part of the first finite-precision number format and a second finite-precision number format. Additionally, the result of the interpolation operation may be based on a second part of the first finite-precision number format, a subset of the second part of the first finite-precision number format, and a second finite-precision number format.

[0152] Furthermore, approximate values ​​are obtained by performing a table lookup operation on the second lookup table, via exponentiation of each logarithm in the logarithm set. In some cases, the second lookup table may be based on the first lookup table. Additionally or alternatively, the number of rows in the second lookup table may be based on a subset of the second part of the first finite-precision number format and may be less than the number of rows in the first lookup table. Furthermore, the number of columns in the second lookup table may be based on the second finite-precision number format and may be equal to the number of columns in the first lookup table. Therefore, approximate values ​​can be based on the results of table lookup operations, subtraction operations, and interpolation operations. Furthermore, in some cases, interpolation may be linear interpolation.

[0153] In some examples, wireless devices 605-a and 605-b may be aligned on a first lookup table, a second lookup table, or both, for one or more table lookup operations. Furthermore, the first lookup table, the second lookup table, or both may be stored at wireless devices 605-a and 605-b.

[0154] At 625, as part of the PAS process, wireless device 605-a can modulate the set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying approximations of the individual values. In some examples, each symbol in the constellation symbol set may have an amplitude derived from an amplitude alphabet having an amplitude alphabet size and a number of constellation symbols equal to the sequence length. Furthermore, the amplitude alphabet may include one or more amplitude alphabets. At 630, wireless device 605-a can transmit a data payload to wireless device 605-b via a message using the constellation symbol set, wherein the message may include the modulated set of information bits according to PAS.

[0155] Figure 7 A block diagram 700 illustrates a device 705 supporting an exponentiation method for a PAS process according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. Device 705 may be an example of various aspects of a wireless device as described herein. Device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communication manager 720. Device 705 or one or more components of device 705 (e.g., receiver 710, transmitter 715, and communication manager 720) may include at least one processor, which may be coupled to at least one memory to individually or jointly support or implement the described techniques. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0156] Receiver 710 may provide components for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to the exponentiation method used in the PAS process). The information may be transmitted to other components of device 705. Receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0157] Transmitter 715 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 705. For example, transmitter 715 may transmit information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to the exponentiation method used in the PAS process), such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 715 may be co-located with receiver 710 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0158] The communication manager 720, receiver 710, transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of components for performing various aspects of the exponentiation method for the PAS process as described herein. For example, the communication manager 720, receiver 710, transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may be able to perform one or more of the functions described herein.

[0159] In some examples, the communication manager 720, receiver 710, transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communication management circuitry). The hardware may include at least one of a processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic unit, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, configured as or otherwise individually or collectively to support components for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to said at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., instructions stored in at least one memory are executed individually or collectively by one or more processors).

[0160] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 720, receiver 710, transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communication management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor. If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functionality of the communication manager 720, receiver 710, transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by (e.g., a general-purpose processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices configured, either individually or collectively, as a component for performing the functions described in this disclosure).

[0161] In some examples, the communication manager 720 may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with the receiver 710, transmitter 715, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, the communication manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, transmit information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated with the receiver 710, transmitter 715, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0162] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 720 may support wireless communication. For example, the communication manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for obtaining a data payload for transmission via a message, the data payload comprising a set of information bits. The communication manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for generating, as part of a PAS process, a set of multiple logarithmic values, the set of multiple logarithmic values ​​being approximations of the logarithms of individual values ​​associated with the set of information bits, each logarithmic value in the set of multiple logarithmic values ​​having a first finite-precision number format including a first part and a second part. The communication manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for obtaining, as part of an exponentiation process, which is also part of a PAS process, approximations of individual values ​​by exponentiation of the individual logarithmic values ​​in the set of multiple logarithmic values, wherein the corresponding exponentiation has a second finite-precision number format, and wherein the exponentiation process is based on one or more table lookup operations in a first lookup table. The communication manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for modulating a set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying approximations of individual values ​​as part of a PAS process. The communication manager 720 is also capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a data payload via a message to a second wireless device using the constellation symbol set, the message including the modulated set of information bits according to the PAS process.

[0163] By including or configuring a communication manager 720 according to an example as described herein, device 705 (e.g., controlling receiver 710, transmitter 715, communication manager 720 or a combination thereof, or at least one processor otherwise coupled to them) can support techniques for wireless devices to perform exponentiation processes as part of a PAS process, in order to support reduced processing, lower power consumption, and more efficient use of communication resources.

[0164] Figure 8 A block diagram 800 illustrates a device 805 supporting an exponentiation method for a PAS procedure according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. Device 805 may be an example of aspects of a device 705 as described herein or a wireless device (e.g., UE 115 or network entity 105). Device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communication manager 820. Device 805 or one or more components of device 805 (e.g., receiver 810, transmitter 815, and communication manager 820) may include at least one processor that may be coupled to at least one memory to support the described techniques. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0165] Receiver 810 may provide components for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to the exponentiation method used in the PAS process). The information may be transmitted to other components of device 805. Receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0166] Transmitter 815 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 805. For example, transmitter 815 may transmit information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to the exponentiation method used in the PAS process), such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 815 may be co-located with receiver 810 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0167] Device 805 or its various components may be examples of parts for performing various aspects of the exponentiation method for the PAS process as described herein. For example, communication manager 820 may include data payload component 825, logarithm generator 830, exponentiation process component 835, modulation component 840, data payload transmitter 845, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 820 may be examples of aspects of communication manager 720 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 820 or its various components may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with receiver 810, transmitter 815, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, communication manager 820 may receive information from receiver 810, transmit information to transmitter 815, or be integrated in combination with receiver 810, transmitter 815, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0168] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 820 may support wireless communication. The data payload component 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for obtaining a data payload for transmission via a message, the data payload comprising a set of information bits. The logarithm generator 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for generating, as part of a PAS process, a set of multiple logarithmic values, the set of multiple logarithmic values ​​being approximations of the logarithms of individual values ​​associated with the set of information bits, each logarithmic value in the set having a first finite-precision number format including a first part and a second part. The exponentiation process component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for obtaining, as part of an exponentiation process, which is also part of a PAS process, approximations of individual values ​​by exponentiation of the individual logarithmic values ​​in the set of multiple logarithmic values, wherein the corresponding exponentiation has a second finite-precision number format, and wherein the exponentiation process is based on one or more table lookup operations in a first lookup table. Modulation component 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for modulating a set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying approximations of individual values ​​as part of a PAS process. Data payload transmitter 845 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a data payload via a message to a second wireless device through the constellation symbol set, the message including the modulated set of information bits according to the PAS process.

[0169] Figure 9A block diagram 900 is shown of a communication manager 920 supporting a power-law method for a PAS process according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. The communication manager 920 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 720, communication manager 820, or both as described herein. The communication manager 920 or its various components may be examples of parts for performing various aspects of the power-law method for a PAS process as described herein. For example, the communication manager 920 may include a data payload component 925, a logarithm generator 930, a power-law process component 935, a modulation component 940, a data payload transmitter 945, a logarithm generator 950, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or its components or sub-components (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories), may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0170] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 920 may support wireless communication. The data payload component 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for obtaining a data payload for transmission via a message, the data payload comprising a set of information bits. The logarithm generator 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for generating, as part of a PAS process, a set of multiple logarithmic values, the set of multiple logarithmic values ​​being approximations of the logarithms of individual values ​​associated with the set of information bits, each logarithmic value in the set having a first finite-precision number format including a first part and a second part. The exponentiation process component 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for obtaining, as part of an exponentiation process, which is also part of a PAS process, approximations of individual values ​​by exponentiation of the individual logarithmic values ​​in the set of multiple logarithmic values, wherein the corresponding exponentiation has a second finite-precision number format, and wherein the exponentiation process is based on one or more table lookup operations in a first lookup table. Modulation component 940 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for modulating a set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying approximations of individual values ​​as part of a PAS process. Data payload transmitter 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a data payload via a message to a second wireless device through the constellation symbol set, the message including the modulated set of information bits according to the PAS process.

[0171] In some examples, to support the exponentiation process, the exponentiation process component 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: obtaining approximate values ​​of each value by exponentiation of each logarithm in a set of multiple logarithms based on a table lookup operation and a subtraction operation in one or more table lookup operations, wherein the result of the table lookup operation is based on a second part of a first finite-precision number format, and the result of the subtraction operation is based on a first part of the first finite-precision number format and both a second finite-precision number format.

[0172] In some examples, the approximation of each value is based on the product of the result of a table lookup operation and the result of a subtraction operation on the value raised to the power of the result.

[0173] In some examples, to support the exponentiation process, the exponentiation process component 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for: obtaining approximate values ​​of each value by exponentiation of each logarithm in a set of multiple logarithmic values ​​based on a table lookup operation, subtraction operation, and interpolation operation in one or more table lookup operations, wherein the result of the table lookup operation is based on a subset of a second part of a first finite-precision number format, which is smaller than the second part of the first finite-precision number format; the result of the subtraction operation is based on both the first part of the first finite-precision number format and the second finite-precision number format; and the result of the interpolation operation is based on the second part of the first finite-precision number format, a subset of the second part of the first finite-precision number format, and the second finite-precision number format.

[0174] In some examples, in order to support the exponentiation process, the exponentiation process component 935 can be, configured, or operated to support components for: performing a table lookup operation on a second lookup table, which is a subset of the first lookup table, to obtain approximate values ​​of each value by exponentiation of each logarithm in a set of multiple logarithms.

[0175] In some examples, the number of rows in the second lookup table is based on a subset of the second part of the first finite-precision number format and is less than the number of rows in the first lookup table, and the number of columns in the second lookup table is based on the second finite-precision number format and is equal to the number of columns in the first lookup table.

[0176] In some examples, the approximation of each value is based on the product of the result of a table lookup operation and the result of a subtraction operation on the value raised to the power of the result.

[0177] In some examples, the interpolation operation is a linear interpolation operation.

[0178] In some examples, the first wireless device and the second wireless device are aligned on a first lookup table for one or more table lookup operations, wherein the first lookup table is stored at the first wireless device and the second wireless device.

[0179] In some examples, each symbol in the constellation symbol set has an amplitude from an amplitude alphabet with a first amplitude alphabet size, and the number of symbol constellations is equal to the length of the first sequence, wherein the amplitude alphabet includes one or more amplitude alphabets.

[0180] In some examples, the values ​​approximated and used to modulate the set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols include: values ​​equal to the values ​​of a first sequence quantity on a first amplitude alphabet having a first alphabet size and a second sequence length less than or equal to the first sequence length, such that each sequence in the first sequence quantity has an energy equal to the first sequence energy; values ​​equal to the values ​​of a second sequence quantity on the first amplitude alphabet, such that each sequence in the second sequence quantity has an energy less than or equal to the first energy; values ​​equal to the polynomial coefficients associated with a sequence quantity having a third sequence length less than or equal to the first sequence length and having a composition value equal to the first composition value; or any combination thereof.

[0181] In some examples, the first finite-precision number format is a fixed-point number format, the first part of the first finite-precision number format is the integer part, and the second part of the first finite-precision number format is the fractional part.

[0182] In some examples, the second finite-precision number format is a floating-point format that is the product of a first integer and a second integer power of the value two.

[0183] In some examples, both the set of multiple logarithmic values ​​and the exponentiation of each logarithmic value in the set of multiple logarithmic values ​​are base-2.

[0184] In some examples, the number of rows in the first lookup table is based on a second part of a first finite-precision number format, and the number of columns in the first lookup table is based on a second finite-precision number format.

[0185] Figure 10 A diagram is shown of a system 1000 including a device 1005 supporting an exponentiation method for a PAS process, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. Device 1005 may be an example of a device 705, device 805, or wireless device as described herein, or may include components thereof. Device 1005 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 1020, an I / O controller 1010, a transceiver 1015, an antenna 1025, at least one memory 1030, code 1035, and at least one processor 1040. These components may communicate electronically or be coupled in other ways (e.g., operational ground, communication ground, functional ground, electronic ground, electrical ground) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1045).

[0186] I / O controller 1010 manages the input and output signals of device 1005. I / O controller 1010 can also manage peripheral devices not integrated into device 1005. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 may utilize an operating system such as iOS. ® ANDROID ® MS-DOS ® MS-WINDOWS ® OS / 2 ® UNIX ® LINUX ® Alternatively, the I / O controller 1010 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, or similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as at least one processor 1040. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1005 via the I / O controller 1010 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1010.

[0187] In some cases, device 1005 may include a single antenna 1025. However, in other cases, device 1005 may have more than one antenna 1025, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. Transceiver 1015 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 1025, wired or wireless links, as described herein. For example, transceiver 1015 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 1015 may also include a modem for: modulating packets; providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1025 for transmission; and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 1025. Transceiver 1015, or transceiver 1015 and one or more antennas 1025, may be an example of transmitter 715, transmitter 815, receiver 710, receiver 810, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein.

[0188] At least one memory 1030 may include RAM and ROM. At least one memory 1030 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1035, including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor 1040, cause device 1005 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 1035 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 1035 may not be directly executable by at least one processor 1040, but may enable a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, among other things, at least one memory 1030 may also include a BIOS that controls basic hardware or software operation, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0189] At least one processor 1040 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, CPUs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, at least one processor 1040 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into at least one processor 1040. At least one processor 1040 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., at least one memory 1030) to cause device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting exponentiation methods for PAS processes). For example, device 1005 or components of device 1005 may include at least one processor 1040 and at least one memory 1030 coupled to or coupled to at least one processor 1040, wherein at least one processor 1040 and at least one memory 1030 are configured to perform the various functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor 1040 may include multiple processors, and at least one memory 1030 may include multiple memories. One or more of a plurality of processors may be coupled to one or more of a plurality of memories, which may be configured individually or collectively to perform the various functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor 1040 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system of machines (such as a series of machines), circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include at least one processor 1040) and memory circuitry (which may include at least one memory 1030)) or components that receive or receive input and process the input to produce, generate or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Thus, at least one processor 1040 or a processing system including at least one processor 1040 may be configured, capable of being configured, or operable to cause device 1005 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Furthermore, as described herein, “configured to,” “capable of being configured,” and “operable to” are used interchangeably and may be associated with the ability to perform one or more of the functions described herein when executing code stored in at least one memory 1030 or otherwise.

[0190] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1020 may support wireless communication. For example, the communication manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for obtaining a data payload for transmission via a message, the data payload comprising a set of information bits. The communication manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for generating, as part of a PAS process, a set of multiple logarithmic values, the set of multiple logarithmic values ​​being approximations of the logarithms of individual values ​​associated with the set of information bits, each logarithmic value in the set of multiple logarithmic values ​​having a first finite-precision number format including a first part and a second part. The communication manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for obtaining, as part of an exponentiation process, which is also part of a PAS process, approximations of individual values ​​by exponentiation of the individual logarithmic values ​​in the set of multiple logarithmic values, wherein the corresponding exponentiation has a second finite-precision number format, and wherein the exponentiation process is based on one or more table lookup operations in a first lookup table. The communication manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for modulating a set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying approximations of individual values ​​as part of a PAS process. The communication manager 1020 is also capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a data payload via a message to a second wireless device using the constellation symbol set, the message including the modulated set of information bits according to the PAS process.

[0191] By including or configuring a communication manager 1020 according to an example as described herein, device 1005 can support techniques for wireless devices to perform exponentiation processes as part of a PAS process, in order to support improved communication reliability, reduced latency, improved and reduced user experience related to processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient use of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, extended battery life, and improved utilization of processing power.

[0192] In some examples, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to cooperate with transceiver 1015, one or more antennas 1025, or any combination thereof to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting). Although the communication manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1020 may be supported or executed by at least one processor 1040, at least one memory 1030, code 1035, or any combination thereof. For example, code 1035 may include instructions that can be executed by at least one processor 1040 to cause device 1005 to perform various aspects of the exponentiation method for the PAS process as described herein, or at least one processor 1040 and at least one memory 1030 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations individually or jointly.

[0193] Figure 11 A flowchart illustrating a method 1100 for power operation in a PAS process, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 1100 may be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1100 may be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 10 The described wireless device performs the function. In some examples, the wireless device can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0194] At 1105, the method may include obtaining a data payload for transmission via the message, the data payload comprising a set of information bits. The operation of block 1105 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1105 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described data payload component 925 is used to execute.

[0195] At 1110, the method may include, as part of a PAS process, generating a set of multiple logarithmic values ​​that are approximations of the logarithms of individual values ​​associated with a set of information bits, each logarithmic value in the set having a first finite-precision number format including a first part and a second part. The operation of block 1110 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1110 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described logarithm generator 930 is used for execution.

[0196] At 1115, the method may include, as part of an exponentiation process, which is also part of a PAS process, obtaining approximate values ​​by exponentiation of each logarithm in a set of multiple logarithms, wherein the corresponding exponentiation has a second finite-precision number format, and wherein the exponentiation process is based on one or more table lookup operations on a first lookup table. The operation of block 1115 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1115 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described exponentiation process is executed by component 935.

[0197] At 1120, the method may include, as part of a PAS process, modulating the set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying approximations of the individual values. The operation of block 1120 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1120 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The modulation component 940 described herein is used to perform this function.

[0198] At 1125, the method may include transmitting a data payload via a message to a second wireless device through a set of constellation symbols, the message including a set of modulated information bits according to the PAS procedure. The operation of block 1125 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1125 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described data payload transmitter 945 is used to perform this.

[0199] Figure 12 A flowchart illustrating a method 1200 for power operation in a PAS process, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown. The operation of method 1200 can be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, the operation of method 1200 can be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 10 The described wireless device performs the function. In some examples, the wireless device can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0200] At 1205, the method may include obtaining a data payload for transmission via the message, the data payload comprising a set of information bits. The operation of block 1205 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1205 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described data payload component 925 is used to execute.

[0201] At 1210, the method may include, as part of a PAS process, generating a set of multiple logarithmic values ​​that are approximations of the logarithms of individual values ​​associated with a set of information bits, each logarithmic value in the set having a first finite-precision number format including a first part and a second part. The operation of block 1210 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1210 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described logarithm generator 930 is used for execution.

[0202] At 1215, the method may include, as part of an exponentiation process, which is also part of a PAS process, obtaining approximate values ​​by exponentiation of the individual logarithms in a set of multiple logarithms, wherein the respective exponentiation has a second finite-precision number format, and wherein the exponentiation process is based on one or more table lookup operations on a first lookup table. The operation of block 1215 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1215 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described exponentiation process is executed by component 935.

[0203] At 1220, the method may include approximating values ​​by exponentiation of the individual logarithms in a set of multiple logarithmic values, based on a table lookup operation and a subtraction operation in one or more table lookup operations, wherein the result of the table lookup operation is based on a second part of a first finite-precision number format, and the result of the subtraction operation is based on both a first part of the first finite-precision number format and a second finite-precision number format. The operation of block 1220 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1220 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described exponentiation process is executed by component 935.

[0204] At 1225, the method may include, as part of a PAS process, modulating the set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying approximations of the individual values. The operation of block 1225 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1225 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The modulation component 940 described herein is used to perform this function.

[0205] At 1230, the method may include transmitting a data payload via a message to a second wireless device through a set of constellation symbols, the message including a set of modulated information bits according to the PAS procedure. The operation of block 1230 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1230 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described data payload transmitter 945 is used to perform this.

[0206] Figure 13 A flowchart illustrating a method 1300 for power operation in a PAS process, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 1300 may be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1300 may be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 10 The described wireless device performs the function. In some examples, the wireless device can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0207] At 1305, the method may include obtaining a data payload for transmission via the message, the data payload comprising a set of information bits. The operation of block 1305 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1305 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described data payload component 925 is used to execute.

[0208] At 1310, the method may include, as part of a PAS process, generating a set of multiple logarithmic values ​​that are approximations of the logarithms of individual values ​​associated with a set of information bits, each logarithmic value in the set having a first finite-precision number format including a first part and a second part. The operation of block 1310 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1310 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described logarithm generator 930 is used for execution.

[0209] At 1315, the method may include, as part of an exponentiation process, which is also part of a PAS process, obtaining approximate values ​​by exponentiation of the individual logarithms in a set of multiple logarithms, wherein the respective exponentiation has a second finite-precision number format, and wherein the exponentiation process is based on one or more table lookup operations on a first lookup table. The operation of block 1315 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1315 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described exponentiation process is executed by component 935.

[0210] At 1320, the method may include approximating values ​​by exponentiation of individual logarithms in a set of multiple logarithmic values, based on a table lookup operation, subtraction operation, and interpolation operation in one or more table lookup operations, wherein the result of the table lookup operation is based on a subset of a second part of a first finite-precision number format, which is smaller than the second part of the first finite-precision number format; the result of the subtraction operation is based on both a first part of the first finite-precision number format and a second finite-precision number format; and the result of the interpolation operation is based on the second part of the first finite-precision number format, a subset of the second part of the first finite-precision number format, and a second finite-precision number format. The operation of block 1320 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1320 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described exponentiation process is executed by component 935.

[0211] At 1325, the method may include, as part of a PAS process, modulating the set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying approximations of the individual values. The operation of block 1325 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1325 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The modulation component 940 described herein is used to perform this function.

[0212] At 1330, the method may include transmitting a data payload via a message to a second wireless device through a set of constellation symbols, the message including a set of modulated information bits according to the PAS procedure. The operation of block 1330 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1330 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described data payload transmitter 945 is used to perform this.

[0213] Figure 14 A flowchart illustrating a method 1400 supporting an exponentiation method for a PAS process according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. The operation of method 1400 can be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, the operation of method 1400 can be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 10 The described wireless device performs the function. In some examples, the wireless device can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0214] At 1405, the method may include obtaining a data payload for transmission via the message, the data payload comprising a set of information bits. The operation of block 1405 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1405 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described data payload component 925 is used to execute.

[0215] At 1410, the method may include, as part of a PAS process, generating a set of multiple logarithmic values ​​that are approximations of the logarithms of individual values ​​associated with a set of information bits, each logarithmic value in the set having a first finite-precision number format including a first part and a second part. The operation of block 1410 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1410 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described logarithm generator 930 is used for execution.

[0216] At 1415, the method may include, as part of an exponentiation process, which is also part of a PAS process, obtaining approximate values ​​by exponentiation of the individual logarithms in a set of multiple logarithms, wherein the respective exponentiation has a second finite-precision number format, and wherein the exponentiation process is based on one or more table lookup operations on a first lookup table. The operation of block 1415 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1415 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described exponentiation process is executed by component 935.

[0217] At 1420, the method may include approximating values ​​by exponentiation of each logarithm in a set of multiple logarithmic values, based on a table lookup operation, subtraction operation, and interpolation operation in one or more table lookup operations, wherein the result of the table lookup operation is based on a subset of a second part of a first finite-precision number format, which is smaller than the second part of the first finite-precision number format; the result of the subtraction operation is based on both the first part of the first finite-precision number format and the second finite-precision number format; and the result of the interpolation operation is based on the second part of the first finite-precision number format, a subset of the second part of the first finite-precision number format, and the second finite-precision number format. The operation of block 1420 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1420 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described exponentiation process is executed by component 935.

[0218] At 1425, the method may include performing a table lookup operation on a second lookup table, which is a subset of the first lookup table, to obtain approximate values ​​by exponentiation of the individual logarithms in a set of multiple logarithms. The operation at block 1425 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation at 1425 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described exponentiation process is executed by component 935.

[0219] At 1430, the method may include, as part of a PAS process, modulating the set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying approximations of the individual values. The operation of block 1430 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1430 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The modulation component 940 described herein is used to perform this function.

[0220] At 1435, the method may include transmitting a data payload via a message to a second wireless device through a set of constellation symbols, the message including a set of modulated information bits according to the PAS procedure. The operation of block 1435 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1435 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described data payload transmitter 945 is used to perform this.

[0221] The following provides an overview of the various aspects of this disclosure:

[0222] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication by a first wireless device, the method comprising: obtaining a data payload for transmission via a message, the data payload comprising a set of information bits; as part of a PAS process, generating a plurality of logarithmic values, the plurality of logarithmic values ​​being approximations of respective values ​​associated with the set of information bits, each of the plurality of logarithmic values ​​having a first finite-precision number format comprising a first part and a second part; as part of an exponentiation process, which is also part of the PAS process, obtaining approximations of the respective values ​​by exponentiation of the respective logarithmic values, wherein the corresponding exponentiation has a second finite-precision number format, and wherein the exponentiation process is at least partially based on one or more table lookup operations of a first lookup table; as part of the PAS process, modulating the set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying the approximations of the respective values; and transmitting the data payload via the constellation symbol set to a second wireless device via the message, the message comprising the modulated set of information bits according to the PAS process.

[0223] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, the method further includes: communicating the first lookup table for the one or more table lookup operations to the second wireless device; and storing the first lookup table at the first wireless device.

[0224] Aspect 3: According to the method of aspect 2, communicating the first lookup table with the second wireless device includes sending or receiving the first lookup table.

[0225] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein the exponentiation process further comprises: obtaining the approximate value of each value by exponentiation of each of the plurality of logarithmic values, based at least in part on the table lookup operation and subtraction operation in the one or more table lookup operations, wherein the result of the table lookup operation is based at least in part on the second portion of the first finite precision number format, and the result of the subtraction operation is based at least in part on both the first portion of the first finite precision number format and the second finite precision number format.

[0226] Aspect 5: According to the method of aspect 4, wherein the approximation of each value is at least partially based on the product of the result of the table lookup operation and the result of the subtraction operation.

[0227] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the exponentiation process further comprises: obtaining the approximate value of each value by exponentiation of each of the plurality of logarithmic values, based at least in part on the table lookup operation, subtraction operation and interpolation operation in the one or more table lookup operations, wherein the result of the table lookup operation is based at least in part on a subset of the second part of the first finite precision number format, the subset being smaller than the second part of the first finite precision number format, the result of the subtraction operation is based at least in part on both the first part of the first finite precision number format and the second finite precision number format, and the result of the interpolation operation is based at least in part on the second part of the first finite precision number format, the subset of the second part of the first finite precision number format and the second finite precision number format.

[0228] Aspect 7: According to the method of aspect 6, wherein the exponentiation process further comprises: performing the table lookup operation at least in part on a second lookup table that is a subset of the first lookup table, and obtaining the approximate value of each value by exponentiation of each of the plurality of logarithmic values.

[0229] Aspect 8: According to the method of aspect 7, wherein the number of rows in the second lookup table is at least partially based on the subset of the second portion of the first finite precision number format and is less than the number of rows in the first lookup table, and wherein the number of columns in the second lookup table is at least partially based on the second finite precision number format and is equal to the number of columns in the first lookup table.

[0230] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of Aspects 6 to 8, wherein the approximation of the respective values ​​is based at least in part on the product of the result of the table lookup operation and the result of the subtraction operation.

[0231] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of Aspects 6 to 9, wherein the interpolation operation is a linear interpolation operation.

[0232] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, wherein the respective values ​​include energy-based quantities, polynomial coefficients, or any combination thereof.

[0233] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, wherein the first finite precision number format is a fixed number format, the first part of the first finite precision number format is an integer part, and the second part of the first finite precision number format is a fractional part.

[0234] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the second finite precision number format is a floating-point number.

[0235] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 13, wherein both the plurality of logarithmic values ​​and the exponentiation operation on each of the plurality of logarithmic values ​​are base-2.

[0236] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 14, wherein the number of rows in the first lookup table is based at least in part on the second portion of the first finite precision number format, and the number of columns in the first lookup table is based at least in part on the second finite precision number format.

[0237] Aspect 16: A first wireless device for wireless communication, the first wireless device comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to perform a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 15.

[0238] Aspect 17: A first wireless device for wireless communication, the first wireless device comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0239] Aspect 18: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, said code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 15.

[0240] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible specific implementations, and the operations and steps can be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other specific implementations are also possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more of these methods can be combined.

[0241] While aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for illustrative purposes, and the terms LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used in most of the description, the techniques described herein are also applicable to networks outside of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the techniques described are applicable to a variety of other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0242] The information and signals described herein can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and skills. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0243] The various exemplary blocks and components described herein can be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic unit, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternative embodiments, a processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration). Any function or operation described herein that can be performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors capable of performing the described functions or operations individually or jointly.

[0244] The functions described herein can be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium or transmitted using one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and specific implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or any combination of these. Features implementing the functions can also be physically located in various locations, including various portions distributed such that the functions are implemented in different physical locations.

[0245] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media, encompassing any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. Non-transitory storage media can be any available medium accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compressed optical disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code components in the form of instructions or data structures, and accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Furthermore, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer-readable media. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included within the definition of computer-readable media. As used herein, disks and optical discs include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, digital multifunction discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs. Disks can magnetically reproduce data, and optical discs can optically reproduce data using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any function or operation described herein that can be performed by memory can be performed by multiple memories capable of performing the described function or operation individually or jointly.

[0246] As used herein, the word "or" in a list of items (e.g., a list of items accompanied by phrases such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") in the claims indicates an inclusive list, such that a list of at least one of, for example, A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" could be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "at least partially based on".

[0247] As used herein, including in claims, the article “a” preceding a noun is open-ended and is understood to refer to “at least one” or “one or more” of those nouns. Therefore, the terms “a,” “at least one,” “one or more,” and “at least one of one or more” are interchangeable. For example, where a claim enumerates “components” performing one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “component” having a characteristic or performing a function may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent references to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “the” can refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” can be understood to mean “one or more components,” and subsequent reference to “the component” in a claim can be understood as equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components.” Similarly, subsequent references to a component introduced with the terms “the” or “the” as “one or more components” can refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, reference to "the one or more components" in the subsequent claims can be understood as equivalent to reference to "at least one of the one or more components".

[0248] The term "determine" encompasses a variety of actions, and therefore, "determine" can include calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, lookup (such as by searching in a table, database, or other data structure), identification, and similar actions. Furthermore, "determine" can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory), etc. Moreover, "determine" can include parsing, acquiring, selecting, choosing, creating, and other similar actions.

[0249] In the accompanying drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference numerals. Furthermore, various components of the same type can be distinguished by adding a dash after the reference numeral and a second reference numeral to differentiate between similar components. If only the first reference numeral is used in the description, the description can be applied to any of the similar components having the same first reference numeral, regardless of the second reference numeral or other subsequent reference numerals.

[0250] The description herein, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes an example configuration and does not represent all achievable examples or those within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," not "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples." The detailed description includes specific details used to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concept of the described examples.

[0251] The description herein is provided to enable those skilled in the art to implement or use this disclosure. Various modifications to this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A first wireless device, the first wireless device comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and capable of operating, alone or in combination, to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to: obtain a data payload for transmission via a message, the data payload comprising a set of information bits; as part of a probabilistic amplitude shaping process, generate a plurality of log values that are approximations of logs of respective values associated with the set of information bits, each of the plurality of log values having a first finite precision number format comprising a first portion and a second portion; as part of an exponentiation process that is also part of the probabilistic amplitude shaping process, obtain approximations of the respective values via exponentiation of respective ones of the plurality of log values, wherein a respective exponentiation has a second finite precision number format, and wherein the exponentiation process is based at least in part on one or more table lookup operations on a first lookup table; as part of the probabilistic amplitude shaping process, modulate the set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying the approximations of the respective values; and transmit the data payload to a second wireless device via the message comprising the modulated set of information bits according to the probabilistic amplitude shaping process, by the set of constellation symbols.

2. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein as part of the exponentiation process, the one or more processors are further capable of operating, alone or in combination, to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to: obtain the approximations of the respective values via the exponentiation of the respective ones of the plurality of log values based at least in part on a table lookup operation of the one or more table lookup operations and a subtraction operation, wherein a result of the table lookup operation is based at least in part on the second portion of the first finite precision number format, and a result of the subtraction operation is based at least in part on both the first portion of the first finite precision number format and the second finite precision number format.

3. The first wireless device of claim 2, wherein the approximations of the respective values are based at least in part on a product of the result of the table lookup operation and the result of the subtraction operation raised to a power of two.

4. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein as part of the exponentiation process, the one or more processors are further capable of operating, alone or in combination, to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to: the approximate value of the individual value is obtained via the power operation on the individual one of the plurality of logarithm values based at least in part on a table lookup operation of the one or more table lookup operations, a subtraction operation, and an interpolation operation, wherein a result of the table lookup operation is based at least in part on a subset of the second portion of the first finite precision number format that is less than the second portion of the first finite precision number format, a result of the subtraction operation is based at least in part on both the first portion of the first finite precision number format and the second finite precision number format, and a result of the interpolation operation is based at least in part on the second portion of the first finite precision number format, the subset of the second portion of the first finite precision number format, and the second finite precision number format.

5. The first wireless device of claim 4, wherein as part of the power operation process, the one or more processors, individually or collectively, are further capable of operating to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to: obtain the approximate value of the individual value via the power operation on the individual one of the plurality of logarithm values based at least in part on performing the table lookup operation on a second lookup table that is a subset of the first lookup table.

6. The first wireless device of claim 5, wherein a number of rows of the second lookup table is based at least in part on the subset of the second portion of the first finite precision number format and is less than a number of rows of the first lookup table, and wherein a number of columns of the second lookup table is based at least in part on the second finite precision number format and is equal to a number of columns of the first lookup table.

7. The first wireless device of claim 4, wherein the approximate value of the individual value is based at least in part on a product of the result of the table lookup operation and the result of the subtraction operation raised to a power of two.

8. The first wireless device of claim 4, wherein the interpolation operation is a linear interpolation operation.

9. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the first wireless device and the second wireless device are aligned on the first lookup table for the one or more table lookup operations, wherein the first lookup table is stored at the first wireless device and the second wireless device.

10. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein each symbol of the set of constellation symbols has a magnitude from a magnitude alphabet having a first magnitude alphabet size, and a number of symbol constellations is equal to a first sequence length, and wherein the magnitude alphabet comprises one or more magnitude alphabets.

11. The first wireless device of claim 10, wherein the respective values that are approximated and used to modulate the set of information bits into the set of constellation symbols comprise: a value equal to a first sequence amount on a first alphabet of amplitudes having a first alphabet size and a second sequence length less than or equal to the first sequence length from the alphabet of amplitudes, such that each sequence in the first sequence amount has an energy equal to a first sequence energy; a value equal to a second sequence amount on the first alphabet of amplitudes, such that each sequence in the second sequence amount has an energy less than or equal to the first sequence energy; a value equal to a polynomial coefficient associated with a sequence amount having a third sequence length less than or equal to the first sequence length and having a composition value equal to a first composition value; or any combination thereof.

12. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the first finite precision number format is a fixed point number format, the first portion of the first finite precision number format is an integer portion, and the second portion of the first finite precision number format is a fractional portion.

13. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the second finite precision number format is a floating point number format, the floating point number format being a product of a first integer and a second integer power of two.

14. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein both the plurality of logarithm values and the exponentiation of the individual ones of the plurality of logarithm values are base two.

15. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein a number of rows of the first lookup table is based at least in part on the second portion of the first finite precision number format, and a number of columns of the first lookup table is based at least in part on the second finite precision number format.

16. A method for wireless communication by a first wireless device, the method comprising: obtaining a data payload for transmission via a message, the data payload including a set of information bits; as part of a probabilistic amplitude shaping process, generating a plurality of logarithm values, the plurality of logarithm values being approximations of logarithms of individual values associated with the set of information bits, each of the plurality of logarithm values having a first finite precision number format including a first portion and a second portion; as part of an exponentiation process, the exponentiation process also being part of the probabilistic amplitude shaping process, obtaining approximations of the individual values via exponentiation of individual ones of the plurality of logarithm values, wherein respective exponentiations have a second finite precision number format, and wherein the exponentiation process is based at least in part on one or more table lookup operations to a first lookup table; as part of the probabilistic amplitude shaping process, modulating the set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying the approximations of the individual values; and transmitting the data payload to a second wireless device via the message including the modulated set of information bits according to the probabilistic amplitude shaping process by the set of constellation symbols.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the exponentiation process further comprises: The approximate value of the respective value is obtained via the power operation on the respective one of the plurality of log values based at least in part on a table lookup operation of the one or more table lookup operations and a subtraction operation, where a result of the table lookup operation is based at least in part on the second portion of the first finite precision number format and a result of the subtraction operation is based at least in part on both the first portion of the first finite precision number format and the second finite precision number format.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the power operation process further comprises: The approximate value of the respective value is obtained via the power operation on the respective one of the plurality of log values based at least in part on a table lookup operation of the one or more table lookup operations, a subtraction operation, and an interpolation operation, where a result of the table lookup operation is based at least in part on a subset of the second portion of the first finite precision number format, the subset being less than the second portion of the first finite precision number format, a result of the subtraction operation is based at least in part on both the first portion of the first finite precision number format and the second finite precision number format, and a result of the interpolation operation is based at least in part on the second portion of the first finite precision number format, the subset of the second portion of the first finite precision number format, and the second finite precision number format.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the first finite precision number format is a fixed point number format, the first portion of the first finite precision number format is an integer portion, and the second portion of the first finite precision number format is a fractional portion.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the second finite precision number format is a floating point number format, the floating point number format being a product of a first integer and a second integer raised to a power of two.

21. A first wireless device for wireless communication, the first wireless device comprising: means for obtaining a data payload for transmission via a message, the data payload comprising a set of information bits; means for generating, as part of a probability amplitude shaping process, a plurality of log values that are approximate values of logs of respective values associated with the set of information bits, each of the plurality of log values having a first finite precision number format comprising a first portion and a second portion; means for obtaining, as part of a power operation process that is also part of the probability amplitude shaping process, approximate values of the respective values via power operations on respective ones of the plurality of log values, where a respective power operation has a second finite precision number format, and where the power operation process is based at least in part on one or more table lookup operations on a first lookup table; means for modulating, as part of the probability amplitude shaping process, the set of information bits into a set of constellation symbols by applying the approximate values of the respective values; and means for sending the data payload to a second wireless device via the message by the constellation symbol set, the message including a set of modulated information bits according to the probability amplitude shaping procedure.

22. The first wireless device of claim 21, wherein the means for the power operation procedure further comprises: means for obtaining the approximate value of the individual value via the power operation of the individual one of the plurality of logarithm values based at least in part on a table lookup operation of the one or more table lookup operations and a subtraction operation, wherein a result of the table lookup operation is based at least in part on the second portion of the first finite precision number format and a result of the subtraction operation is based at least in part on both the first portion of the first finite precision number format and the second finite precision number format.

23. The first wireless device of claim 21, wherein the means for the power operation procedure further comprises: means for obtaining the approximate value of the individual value via the power operation of the individual one of the plurality of logarithm values based at least in part on a table lookup operation of the one or more table lookup operations, a subtraction operation, and an interpolation operation, wherein a result of the table lookup operation is based at least in part on a subset of the second portion of the first finite precision number format, the subset being less than the second portion of the first finite precision number format, a result of the subtraction operation is based at least in part on both the first portion of the first finite precision number format and the second finite precision number format, and a result of the interpolation operation is based at least in part on the second portion of the first finite precision number format, the subset of the second portion of the first finite precision number format, and the second finite precision number format.

24. The first wireless device of claim 21, wherein the first finite precision number format is a fixed point number format, the first portion of the first finite precision number format is an integer portion, and the second portion of the first finite precision number format is a fractional portion.

25. The first wireless device of claim 21, wherein the second finite precision number format is a floating point number format, the floating point number format being a product of a first integer and a second integer power of two.

26. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to: obtain a data payload for transmission via a message, the data payload including a set of information bits; generate, as part of a probability amplitude shaping procedure, a plurality of logarithm values that are approximate values of logarithms of individual values associated with the set of information bits, each of the plurality of logarithm values having a first finite precision number format including a first portion and a second portion; as part of a power operation process that is also part of the probabilistic amplitude shaping process, an approximation of the respective value is obtained via a power operation on the respective one of the plurality of logarithm values, where the respective power operation has a second finite precision number format, and where the power operation process is based at least in part on one or more table lookup operations on a first lookup table; as part of the probabilistic amplitude shaping process, the set of information bits is modulated into a set of constellation symbols by applying the approximation of the respective value; and the data payload is transmitted to a second wireless device via the message including the modulated set of information bits according to the probabilistic amplitude shaping process by the set of constellation symbols.

27. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the instructions for the power operation process are further executable by the one or more processors to: obtain the approximation of the respective value via the power operation on the respective one of the plurality of logarithm values based at least in part on a table lookup operation of the one or more table lookup operations and a subtraction operation, where a result of the table lookup operation is based at least in part on the second portion of the first finite precision number format, and a result of the subtraction operation is based at least in part on both the first portion of the first finite precision number format and the second finite precision number format.

28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the instructions for the power operation process are further executable by the one or more processors to: obtain the approximation of the respective value via the power operation on the respective one of the plurality of logarithm values based at least in part on a table lookup operation of the one or more table lookup operations, a subtraction operation, and an interpolation operation, where a result of the table lookup operation is based at least in part on a subset of the second portion of the first finite precision number format that is less than the second portion of the first finite precision number format, a result of the subtraction operation is based at least in part on both the first portion of the first finite precision number format and the second finite precision number format, and a result of the interpolation operation is based at least in part on the second portion of the first finite precision number format, the subset of the second portion of the first finite precision number format, and the second finite precision number format.

29. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the first finite precision number format is a fixed point number format, the first portion of the first finite precision number format is an integer portion, and the second portion of the first finite precision number format is a fractional portion.

30. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the second finite precision number format is a floating point number format, the floating point number format being a product of a first integer and a second integer raised to a power of two.

Images