Interplanting cultivation method for carya illinoensis and longya lilium

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural compound planting, and particularly relates to an interplanting cultivation method for carya illinoensis and longya lilium. Through organic integration of four technical cores of tree structure regulation and control, by-product recycling, rhizosphere micro-ecology construction and water and fertilizer precise collaboration, the problems that an existing interplanting mode is weak in synergistic effect and depends on external input are successfully solved; the efficient interplanting cultivation method can stimulate the ecological potential in the system and achieve sustainable green yield increase, and has extremely high popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural intercropping technology, and more specifically relates to a method for intercropping thin-shelled pecans and dragon tooth lilies. Background Technology

[0002] Understory farming is an important model for improving land use efficiency and increasing farmers' income. Pecan trees, as high-efficiency economic forests, offer ample understory space. Lilium 'Dragon Tooth' prefers cool, shade-tolerant conditions and is considered a potential choice for intercropping under the forest canopy. Current methods of intercropping these two species primarily utilize the shading effect of pecan trees and seasonal differences, with simultaneous fertilization and planting in autumn to save labor.

[0003] However, existing intercropping models have significant shortcomings: 1. They merely represent a simple superposition of physical space and time, lacking targeted solutions to potential conflicts arising from the physiological and ecological interactions between the two crops (such as root water competition and the risk of cross-infection of diseases); 2. They underutilize the byproducts of pecan trees (such as fallen leaves and pruning materials), using them only as ordinary organic fertilizer for incorporation, failing to explore their specific ecological functions; 3. The so-called "disease prevention" effect relies on conventional deep tilling and spraying, failing to establish a biological control mechanism based on the intercropping system itself, thus resulting in unstable effects and no significant cost reduction. Overall, the effects of existing technologies are a predictable, simple summation.

[0004] Therefore, given the weak synergistic effect of existing intercropping techniques of thin-shelled pecans and dragon tooth lilies, and the reliance on external input for pest and disease control, providing an intercropping cultivation method that can stimulate ecological synergy within the system and achieve green yield increases has become a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for intercropping thin-shelled pecans and dragon tooth lilies to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0007] One of the technical solutions of this invention is to provide a method for intercropping thin-shelled pecans and dragon tooth lilies, the steps of which include:

[0008] S1. Planting of thin-shelled pecans: The planting distance between thin-shelled pecans is 4-6m and the row spacing is 8-10m. Shaping and pruning should be carried out after the leaves fall in autumn.

[0009] S2. Every autumn after the thin-shelled hickory leaves fall, collect the fallen leaves and small branches with a diameter of ≤2cm from the pruning and shaping process. Use the oxygen-limited pyrolysis method to prepare biochar. Mix the obtained biochar with probiotic agents and ferment to make biochar-based microbial fertilizer.

[0010] Collect and prune thick branches of thin-shelled hickory with a diameter >2cm, crush them, and mix them with sulfur powder at a mass ratio of 100:1 to make a covering material.

[0011] S3. After the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer is prepared, intercrop with dragon tooth lily. Select healthy, disease-free bulbs with a circumference of 12-14cm, disinfect them by soaking them in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, and then plant them. The intercropping layout adopts a strip nesting pattern. After planting, cover the surface of the planting strip with the covering material, which is 3-5cm thick.

[0012] S4. Water and fertilizer management:

[0013] Apply urea during the seedling stage of Lilium acutum by strip application and combined with cultivation. During the flowering period, spray the leaves with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once every 15 days.

[0014] Before the thin-shelled hickory nut sprouts, apply urea in holes at a depth of 15-20cm. During the fruit enlargement period, apply 5kg / mu of fruit tree-specific fertilizer in radial trenches at a depth of 20-30cm.

[0015] Based on the water requirements of pecan and dragon tooth lily, alternating irrigation was adopted in the root zones. The relative soil moisture content was maintained at 60%-70% in the pecan root zone (inside the canopy projection), while the relative soil moisture content was maintained at 70%-80% in the dragon tooth lily root zone (outside the canopy projection).

[0016] S5. Harvesting: Dragon tooth lilies are harvested in September, graded and packaged; thin-shelled hickory nuts are harvested in October, and autumn base fertilizer is applied.

[0017] Furthermore, the shaping and pruning involves pruning the seedlings back to a height of 80-130cm, selecting main branches within the shaping zone, and adjusting the base angle of each layer of main branches to 45-90° with the main trunk by pulling or supporting the branches. The branches are then arranged in layers according to the following rules: 3-4 main branches are selected for the first layer; 2-3 main branches are selected 60-80cm above the first layer to form the second layer; and 1-2 main branches are selected 50-70cm above the second layer to form the third layer.

[0018] Through shaping and pruning, a canopy structure with distinct layers and openness is formed to ensure ventilation and light penetration within the canopy and understory.

[0019] Furthermore, the pyrolysis temperature of the oxygen-limited pyrolysis method is 350-450℃, and the pyrolysis time is 2h.

[0020] Furthermore, the probiotic agent comprises Trichoderma harzianum and Streptomyces flavus in equal mass ratios.

[0021] Furthermore, in the mixed fermentation, the mass ratio of biochar to probiotics is 100:0.1-1, the temperature is 30-45℃, the moisture content is 55-65%, the fermentation time is 7-10 days, and the pile is turned over once a day.

[0022] Furthermore, the particle size of the crushed walnut branches is 2-5 cm.

[0023] Furthermore, the strip-shaped nesting pattern involves planting pecan trees along the tree row direction in a strip area from 50cm outside the canopy projection to 30cm inside the projection. The row spacing for dragon tooth lilies is 30cm, and the plant spacing is 20cm. The planting trench is dug to a depth of 25-30cm. The seed quantity is 150-200kg per mu. 200-400kg / mu of the biochar-based microbial fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer at the bottom of the planting trench. After covering with 5cm of soil, the seeds are planted, and then covered with 5-10cm of soil.

[0024] Furthermore, the amount of urea applied during the seedling stage of the dragon tooth lily is 8-12 kg / mu.

[0025] Furthermore, the concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 2-4 wt%.

[0026] Furthermore, the amount of urea applied to the thin-shelled pecans before germination is 10-20 kg / mu.

[0027] Furthermore, the autumn basal fertilizer application involves applying 3000 kg / mu of well-rotted organic fertilizer in radial trenches at a depth of 30-40 cm.

[0028] The second technical solution of the present invention provides an application of the above-mentioned intercropping cultivation method in increasing the yield of intercropping thin-shelled pecans and dragon tooth lilies.

[0029] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0030] This invention constructs a well-defined, open, and transparent canopy structure through pruning and shaping, optimizing the photosynthetic efficiency of the thin-shelled pecan and creating a more precise and excellent understory light environment for the shade-loving dragon tooth lily, effectively alleviating the competition for light resources between the two crops. Combined with alternating irrigation in the root zones, the water needs of both root systems are met differentially, resolving the water competition conflict at its source. This precise design based on crop physiological needs upgrades the intercropping system from simple space filling to a mutually compatible functional niche combination, significantly increasing the land equivalent ratio and achieving a synergistic yield increase effect of "1+1>2".

[0031] This invention classifies, targets, and utilizes the by-products of thin-shelled pecans for high-value purposes. Fine branches and leaves are transformed into "biochar-based microbial fertilizer" rich in functional microorganisms, while coarse branches are processed into functional mulch that serves as both a physical barrier and a soil conditioner. This process not only achieves full resource utilization of waste and eliminates pollution, but more importantly, it upgrades by-products from ordinary organic matter into carriers with specific ecological functions. The added *Trichoderma harzianum* and *Streptomyces flavus* probiotics can rapidly build beneficial microbial communities in the rhizosphere. Through multiple mechanisms such as competition, antagonism, and induced resistance, these microorganisms continuously inhibit soil-borne pathogens, establishing a stable biological control mechanism within the system. This significantly reduces the incidence of diseases such as lily root rot, decreases dependence on chemical pesticides, and aligns with the development direction of green ecological agriculture.

[0032] This invention simultaneously performs key operations such as autumn pruning of thin-shelled pecans, leaf collection, lily sowing, and application of base fertilizer (including biochar-based microbial fertilizer), significantly saving labor and time costs. The prepared functional mulch is promptly returned to the field, while the biochar-based microbial fertilizer has clearly defined preparation parameters and a short fermentation cycle, enabling efficient utilization within the same year of preparation. The entire solution forms a highly efficient closed loop of pruning / leaf collection, sorting and processing, and autumn return / application, with a smooth operational process and significant cost savings and efficiency improvements. The water and fertilizer management plan provides specific dosages and methods for the critical nutrient requirements of both crops, effectively promoting synergistic nutrient utilization and avoiding indiscriminate fertilization. Ultimately, while improving the quality and yield of thin-shelled pecan fruits, it also ensures high-quality and high-yield cultivation of *Lilium davidii* under the forest canopy, resulting in a significant improvement in overall economic benefits. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0035] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0036] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0037] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0038] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials and reagents involved in the specific embodiments of this invention are commercially available products.

[0039] The Trichoderma harzianum and Streptomyces flavus used in this invention are commercially available strains, which can be purchased through conventional channels, and the bacterial content of each strain is not less than 10. 8 cfu / g.

[0040] The fruit tree fertilizer, well-rotted organic fertilizer, urea, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate used in the specific embodiments of this invention are all commercially available products. Among them, the fruit tree fertilizer is provided by Henan Zhonghuang Special Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd., which is a granular compound fertilizer with an effective potassium content ≥23%, an effective phosphorus content ≥5%, a total nitrogen content ≥17%, and a total nutrient content ≥45%. The well-rotted organic fertilizer is provided by Jiangsu Dirun Organic Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd., with 45% organic matter and 5% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

[0041] Unless otherwise specified, room temperature and normal temperature in the specific embodiments of this invention refer to 20-30℃.

[0042] It should be noted that any aspects not described in detail in this invention are conventional practices in the field and are not the focus of this invention.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] The intercropping cultivation steps for thin-shelled pecans and dragon tooth lilies include:

[0045] S1. Thin-shelled pecan planting: The planting spacing for thin-shelled pecans is 5m, and the row spacing is 10m. After leaf fall in autumn, shaping and pruning should be carried out. The trunk should be shortened when the seedling height reaches 120cm. Main branches should be selected within the shaping zone. By pulling or supporting branches, the base angle of each layer of main branches should be adjusted to be between 45-90° with the trunk. The branches should be arranged in layers according to the following rules: 4 main branches are selected for the first layer; 3 main branches are selected 70cm above the main branches of the first layer to form the second layer; 2 main branches are selected 50cm above the main branches of the second layer to form the third layer.

[0046] S2. Every autumn after the thin-shelled hickory leaves fall, collect the fallen leaves and small branches with a diameter ≤2cm from the pruning and shaping. Prepare biochar using the limited oxygen pyrolysis method (450℃, 2h). Mix the obtained biochar with Trichoderma harzianum and Streptomyces flavus in an equal mass ratio (100:1) and ferment (45℃, moisture content between 55-65%, fermentation time is 10 days, turning the pile once a day) to make biochar-based microbial fertilizer.

[0047] Collect and prune thick branches of thin-shelled hickory with a diameter >2cm, break them into pieces (between 2-5cm), mix them with sulfur powder at a mass ratio of 100:1, and make a covering material;

[0048] S3. After the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer is prepared, intercrop with dragon tooth lily. Select healthy, disease-free bulbs with a circumference of 12-14cm, disinfect them by soaking them in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, and then plant them. The intercropping layout adopts a strip nesting pattern. After planting, cover the surface of the planting strip with the covering material with a thickness of 5cm.

[0049] The strip-nesting pattern involves planting pecans along the tree row direction, in a strip area from 50cm outside the canopy projection to 30cm inside the projection. The row spacing for dragon tooth lilies is 30cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, the planting trench is dug to a depth of 25cm, the seed quantity is 200kg per mu, and 300kg / mu of biochar-based microbial fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer at the bottom of the planting trench. After covering with 5cm of soil, the seeds are planted, and then covered with another 5cm of soil.

[0050] S4. Water and fertilizer management:

[0051] Apply urea (12 kg / mu) in strips during the seedling stage of Lilium acutum, combined with cultivation. During the flowering period, spray the leaves with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (3 wt%) once every 15 days.

[0052] Before the thin-shelled hickory nut sprouts, apply urea (13 kg / mu) in holes at a depth of 20 cm. During the fruit enlargement period, apply fruit tree-specific fertilizer (5 kg / mu) in radial trenches at a depth of 30 cm.

[0053] Based on the water requirements of pecan and dragon tooth lily, alternating irrigation was adopted in the root zone. The relative soil moisture content in the root zone of pecan (inside the canopy projection) was maintained between 60% and 70%, while the relative soil moisture content in the root zone of dragon tooth lily (outside the canopy projection) was maintained between 70% and 80%.

[0054] S5. Harvesting: Longya lilies are harvested in September, graded and packaged; thin-shelled hickory fruits are harvested in October, and autumn base fertilizer is applied, with 3000 kg / mu of well-rotted organic fertilizer applied in radial trenches at a depth of 30 cm.

[0055] Comparative Example 1

[0056] Conventional intercropping pattern:

[0057] S1. Planting of thin-shelled pecans: The planting distance between thin-shelled pecans is 5m and the row spacing is 10m.

[0058] S2. Every autumn after the thin-shelled hickory leaves fall, collect the fallen leaves, dead branches, and weeds, crush them, and plow them back into the field as base fertilizer.

[0059] S3. Intercropping with dragon tooth lily: Select healthy, disease-free bulbs with a circumference of 12-14cm. Disinfect them by soaking them in a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes before planting. The intercropping layout adopts conventional row sowing with a row spacing of 30cm and a plant spacing of 20cm. However, the base fertilizer is 300kg / mu of well-rotted organic fertilizer. After application, cover the seeds with 5cm of soil before planting, and then cover the seeds with another 5cm of soil.

[0060] S4. Water and fertilizer management:

[0061] Apply urea (12 kg / mu) in strips during the seedling stage of Lilium acutum, combined with cultivation. During the flowering period, spray the leaves with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (3 wt%) once every 15 days.

[0062] Before the thin-shelled hickory nut sprouts, apply urea (13 kg / mu) in holes at a depth of 20 cm. During the fruit enlargement period, apply fruit tree-specific fertilizer (5 kg / mu) in radial trenches at a depth of 30 cm.

[0063] The entire garden is irrigated evenly, and the soil moisture content is managed uniformly, maintaining it between 60% and 70%.

[0064] S5. Harvesting: Longya lilies are harvested in September, graded and packaged; thin-shelled hickory nuts are harvested in September, and autumn base fertilizer is applied, with 3000 kg / mu of well-rotted organic fertilizer applied in radial trenches at a depth of 30 cm.

[0065] Comparative Example 2

[0066] The intercropping cultivation steps for thin-shelled pecans and dragon tooth lilies include:

[0067] S1. Thin-shelled pecan planting: The planting spacing for thin-shelled pecans is 5m, and the row spacing is 10m. After leaf fall in autumn, shaping and pruning should be carried out. The trunk should be shortened when the seedling height reaches 120cm. Main branches should be selected within the shaping zone. By pulling or supporting branches, the base angle of each layer of main branches should be adjusted to be between 45-90° with the trunk. The branches should be arranged in layers according to the following rules: 4 main branches are selected for the first layer; 3 main branches are selected 70cm above the main branches of the first layer to form the second layer; 2 main branches are selected 50cm above the main branches of the second layer to form the third layer.

[0068] S2. Every autumn after the walnut leaves fall, collect the fallen leaves and pruned branches, crush them, and mix them with chicken manure at a mass ratio of 100:20. Then, carry out ordinary composting treatment (55℃, moisture content between 55-65%, treatment time of 60 days, turning the pile once a week) to make bio-based fertilizer for use the following year.

[0069] S3. Intercropping with dragon tooth lily: Select healthy, disease-free bulbs with a circumference of 12-14cm, disinfect them by soaking them in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, and then plant them. The intercropping layout adopts a strip nesting pattern.

[0070] The strip-nesting pattern involves planting pecans along the tree row direction, in a strip area from 50cm outside the canopy projection to 30cm inside the projection. The row spacing for dragon tooth lilies is 30cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, the planting trench is dug to a depth of 25cm, the seed quantity is 200kg per mu, the bottom of the planting trench is 300kg / mu of bio-based fertilizer, the soil is covered with 5cm before planting, and the seeds are covered with another 5cm of soil.

[0071] S4. Water and fertilizer management:

[0072] Apply urea (12 kg / mu) in strips during the seedling stage of Lilium acutum, combined with cultivation. During the flowering period, spray the leaves with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (3 wt%) once every 15 days.

[0073] Before the thin-shelled hickory nut sprouts, apply urea (13 kg / mu) in holes at a depth of 20 cm. During the fruit enlargement period, apply fruit tree-specific fertilizer (5 kg / mu) in radial trenches at a depth of 30 cm.

[0074] Based on the water requirements of pecan and dragon tooth lily, alternating irrigation was adopted in the root zone. The relative soil moisture content in the root zone of pecan (inside the canopy projection) was maintained between 60% and 70%, while the relative soil moisture content in the root zone of dragon tooth lily (outside the canopy projection) was maintained between 70% and 80%.

[0075] S5. Harvesting: Longya lilies are harvested in September, graded and packaged; thin-shelled hickory fruits are harvested in October, and autumn base fertilizer is applied, with 3000 kg / mu of well-rotted organic fertilizer applied in radial trenches at a depth of 30 cm.

[0076] Comparative Example 3

[0077] The intercropping cultivation steps for thin-shelled pecans and dragon tooth lilies include:

[0078] S1. Thin-shelled pecan planting: The plant spacing of thin-shelled pecan is 5m and the row spacing is 10m. Regular shaping and pruning should be carried out after the leaves fall in autumn.

[0079] S2. Every autumn after the thin-shelled pecan leaves fall, collect the fallen leaves and small branches with a diameter ≤2cm from regular pruning. Prepare biochar using the limited oxygen pyrolysis method (450℃, 2h). Mix the obtained biochar with Trichoderma harzianum and Streptomyces flavus in equal mass ratio (100:1) for fermentation (45℃, moisture content between 55-65%, fermentation time is 10 days, turning the pile once a day) to make biochar-based microbial fertilizer.

[0080] Collect thick branches of thin-shelled hickory with a diameter >2cm from regular pruning and shaping, break them into pieces (between 2-5cm), mix them with sulfur powder at a mass ratio of 100:1, and make a covering material;

[0081] S3. After the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer is prepared, intercrop with dragon tooth lily. Select healthy, disease-free bulbs with a circumference of 12-14cm, disinfect them by soaking them in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, and then plant them. The intercropping layout adopts a strip nesting pattern. After planting, cover the surface of the planting strip with the covering material with a thickness of 5cm.

[0082] The strip-nesting pattern involves planting pecans along the tree row direction, in a strip area from 50cm outside the canopy projection to 30cm inside the projection. The row spacing for dragon tooth lilies is 30cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, the planting trench is dug to a depth of 25cm, the seed quantity is 200kg per mu, and 300kg / mu of the biochar-based microbial fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer at the bottom of the planting trench. After covering with 5cm of soil, the seeds are planted, and then covered with another 5cm of soil.

[0083] S4. Water and fertilizer management:

[0084] Apply urea (12 kg / mu) in strips during the seedling stage of Lilium acutum, combined with cultivation. During the flowering period, spray the leaves with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (3 wt%) once every 15 days.

[0085] Before the thin-shelled hickory nut sprouts, apply urea (13 kg / mu) in holes at a depth of 20 cm. During the fruit enlargement period, apply fruit tree-specific fertilizer (5 kg / mu) in radial trenches at a depth of 30 cm.

[0086] Based on the water requirements of pecan and dragon tooth lily, alternating irrigation was adopted in the root zone. The relative soil moisture content in the root zone of pecan (inside the canopy projection) was maintained between 60% and 70%, while the relative soil moisture content in the root zone of dragon tooth lily (outside the canopy projection) was maintained between 70% and 80%.

[0087] S5. Harvesting: Longya lilies are harvested in September, graded and packaged; thin-shelled hickory fruits are harvested in October, and autumn base fertilizer is applied, with 3000 kg / mu of well-rotted organic fertilizer applied in radial trenches at a depth of 30 cm.

[0088] Comparative Example 4

[0089] The intercropping cultivation steps for thin-shelled pecans and dragon tooth lilies include:

[0090] S1. Thin-shelled pecan planting: The planting spacing for thin-shelled pecans is 5m, and the row spacing is 10m. After leaf fall in autumn, shaping and pruning should be carried out. The trunk should be shortened when the seedling height reaches 120cm. Main branches should be selected within the shaping zone. By pulling or supporting branches, the base angle of each layer of main branches should be adjusted to be between 45-90° with the trunk. The branches should be arranged in layers according to the following rules: 4 main branches are selected for the first layer; 3 main branches are selected 70cm above the main branches of the first layer to form the second layer; 2 main branches are selected 50cm above the main branches of the second layer to form the third layer.

[0091] S2. Every autumn after the thin-shelled hickory leaves fall, collect the fallen leaves and small branches with a diameter ≤2cm from the pruning and shaping. Prepare biochar using the limited oxygen pyrolysis method (450℃, 2h). Mix the obtained biochar with Trichoderma harzianum and Streptomyces flavus in an equal mass ratio (100:1) and ferment (45℃, moisture content between 55-65%, fermentation time is 10 days, turning the pile once a day) to make biochar-based microbial fertilizer.

[0092] Collect and prune thick branches of thin-shelled hickory with a diameter >2cm, break them into pieces (between 2-5cm), mix them with sulfur powder at a mass ratio of 100:1, and make a covering material;

[0093] S3. After the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer is prepared, intercrop with dragon tooth lily. Select healthy, disease-free bulbs with a circumference of 12-14cm, disinfect them by soaking them in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, and then plant them. The intercropping layout adopts a strip nesting pattern. After planting, cover the surface of the planting strip with the covering material with a thickness of 5cm.

[0094] The strip-nesting pattern involves planting pecans along the tree row direction, in a strip area from 50cm outside the canopy projection to 30cm inside the projection. The row spacing for dragon tooth lilies is 30cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, the planting trench is dug to a depth of 25cm, the seed quantity is 200kg per mu, and 300kg / mu of the biochar-based microbial fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer at the bottom of the planting trench. After covering with 5cm of soil, the seeds are planted, and then covered with another 5cm of soil.

[0095] S4. Water and fertilizer management:

[0096] Apply urea (12 kg / mu) in strips during the seedling stage of Lilium acutum, combined with cultivation. During the flowering period, spray the leaves with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (3 wt%) once every 15 days.

[0097] Before the thin-shelled hickory nut sprouts, apply urea (13 kg / mu) in holes at a depth of 20 cm. During the fruit enlargement period, apply fruit tree-specific fertilizer (5 kg / mu) in radial trenches at a depth of 30 cm.

[0098] The entire garden is irrigated evenly, and the soil moisture content is managed uniformly, maintaining it between 60% and 70%.

[0099] S5. Harvesting: Longya lilies are harvested in September, graded and packaged; thin-shelled hickory fruits are harvested in October, and autumn base fertilizer is applied, with 3000 kg / mu of well-rotted organic fertilizer applied in radial trenches at a depth of 30 cm.

[0100] Comparative Example 5

[0101] The intercropping cultivation steps for thin-shelled pecans and dragon tooth lilies include:

[0102] S1. Thin-shelled pecan planting: The planting spacing for thin-shelled pecans is 5m, and the row spacing is 10m. After leaf fall in autumn, shaping and pruning should be carried out. The trunk should be shortened when the seedling height reaches 120cm. Main branches should be selected within the shaping zone. By pulling or supporting branches, the base angle of each layer of main branches should be adjusted to be between 45-90° with the trunk. The branches should be arranged in layers according to the following rules: 4 main branches are selected for the first layer; 3 main branches are selected 70cm above the main branches of the first layer to form the second layer; 2 main branches are selected 50cm above the main branches of the second layer to form the third layer.

[0103] S2. Every autumn after the thin-shelled hickory leaves fall, collect the fallen leaves and small branches with a diameter ≤2cm from the pruning and shaping. Prepare biochar using the limited oxygen pyrolysis method (450℃, 2h). Mix the obtained biochar with Trichoderma harzianum and Streptomyces flavus in an equal mass ratio (100:1) and ferment (45℃, moisture content between 55-65%, fermentation time is 10 days, turning the pile once a day) to make biochar-based microbial fertilizer.

[0104] Collect and prune thick branches of thin-shelled hickory with a diameter >2cm, break them into pieces (between 2-5cm), mix them with sulfur powder at a mass ratio of 100:1, and make a covering material;

[0105] S3. After the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer is prepared, intercrop with dragon tooth lily. Select healthy, disease-free bulbs with a circumference of 12-14cm, disinfect them by soaking them in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, and then plant them. The intercropping layout adopts a strip nesting pattern. After planting, cover the surface of the planting strip with the covering material with a thickness of 5cm.

[0106] The strip-nesting pattern involves planting pecans along the tree row direction, in a strip area from 50cm outside the canopy projection to 30cm inside the projection. The row spacing for dragon tooth lilies is 30cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, the planting trench is dug to a depth of 25cm, the seed quantity is 200kg per mu, and 300kg / mu of the biochar-based microbial fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer at the bottom of the planting trench. After covering with 5cm of soil, the seeds are planted, and then covered with another 5cm of soil.

[0107] S4. Water and fertilizer management:

[0108] Apply urea (12 kg / mu) in strips during the seedling stage of Lilium acutum, combined with cultivation. During the flowering period, spray the leaves with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (3 wt%) once every 15 days.

[0109] Before the thin-shelled hickory nut sprouts, apply urea (13 kg / mu) in holes at a depth of 20 cm. During the fruit enlargement period, apply fruit tree-specific fertilizer (5 kg / mu) in radial trenches at a depth of 30 cm.

[0110] The entire garden is irrigated evenly, and the soil moisture content is managed uniformly, maintaining it between 70% and 80%.

[0111] S5. Harvesting: Longya lilies are harvested in September, graded and packaged; thin-shelled hickory fruits are harvested in October, and autumn base fertilizer is applied, with 3000 kg / mu of well-rotted organic fertilizer applied in radial trenches at a depth of 30 cm.

[0112] Test case

[0113] Using the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-5, a total of six treatment groups were conducted, with three replicate plots for each treatment. Monoculture of *Lilium davidii* (row spacing 30-40 cm, plant spacing 15-20 cm) and *Hypogeanum hupehensis* (plant and row spacing 6 × 10 m) served as control groups. The following were investigated:

[0114] 1. Yield of Longya lily per mu (kg / mu), yield of thin-shelled pecan per tree (kg / tree).

[0115] Three yield measurement points (each with an area of ​​10m²) were randomly selected during the harvest season for the dragon tooth lily. 2After removing impurities, the fresh weight of the lilies was measured, and the average yield per acre was calculated. Each treatment group had three replicate plots, and the average value was taken.

[0116] Five thin-shelled pecan trees were randomly selected from each plot as sample trees. After harvesting the mature fruits, the weight of the nuts was measured and the average value was taken.

[0117] Table 1

[0118] Yield of Dragon Tooth Lily (kg / mu) Yield per thin-shelled pecan tree (kg / tree) Example 1 1610 15.1 Comparative Example 1 930 9.2 Comparative Example 2 1350 12.8 Comparative Example 3 1260 12.0 Comparative Example 4 1340 12.5 Comparative Example 5 1210 11.2 Single Dragon Tooth Lily 1950 -- Single-crop thin-shelled pecan -- 17.2

[0119] Table 1 shows that, in Comparative Example 1, the conventional intercropping lacked all the key technologies involved in this invention. The two crops competed fiercely for light, water, and nutrients, and the risk of disease was high. Yields decreased significantly, with lilies being particularly intolerant of shade, resulting in severe yield reduction. Comparative Example 2, lacking biochar-based microbial fertilizer but possessing optimized canopy and water management, still experienced a decrease in yield compared to Example 1 when ordinary compost was used instead of functional microbial fertilizer, especially for *Lilium lancifolium*. This demonstrates the irreplaceable role of biochar-based microbial fertilizer in suppressing soil-borne diseases (such as lily root rot) and constructing a healthy rhizosphere microenvironment, significantly contributing to the high yield and quality of *Lilium lancifolium*. Comparative Example 3, lacking pruning but possessing precision irrigation and microbial fertilizer, suffered from poor canopy structure, significantly inhibiting *Lilium lancifolium* yield due to the closed canopy and poor understory light environment. The yield of thin-shelled pecans also decreased slightly due to the suboptimal tree structure. The low yields highlight the core value of specific tree-shaping pruning in creating an "open and transparent" canopy and optimizing the allocation of systemic light resources. In Comparative Example 4, maintaining a uniformly low water content (60-70%) did not meet the water needs of the dragon tooth lily, resulting in inhibited growth and decreased yield. In Comparative Example 5, maintaining a uniformly high water content (70-80%) deteriorated the root environment of the thin-shelled pecan, affecting respiration and nutrient absorption, leading to a significant decrease in its yield. The data from Comparative Examples 4 and 5 further demonstrate that simple uniform irrigation cannot simultaneously meet the needs of two crops. Alternating irrigation in the root zone, through differentiated water supply, resolves water competition at its source and is the key to achieving synergy. The yield of Example 1 was significantly higher than all comparative examples, further proving that the three technologies of shaping pruning, root zone irrigation, and biochar-based microbial fertilizer are an organic whole with a positive coupling effect. A good canopy structure (shaping) is a prerequisite for the effectiveness of root zone irrigation; while a healthy soil microbial environment (microbial fertilizer) can improve the efficiency of water and nutrient utilization. Furthermore, Example 1 achieved the highest total output value per unit land area. Although the management input was higher than that of the conventional model, its input-output ratio and overall benefits were optimal due to its significant yield increase, improved product quality, and potential reduction in pesticide use.

[0120] 2. Disease control effectiveness: Incidence rate (%) and disease index of root rot / anthracnose in Lilium longiflorum;

[0121] Five sampling points were selected in the field in a zigzag pattern. Twenty plants were investigated at each point. Any plant that showed typical symptoms of the disease on any part of the plant (leaves, stems, roots, etc.) was counted as a "sick plant".

[0122] The incidence rate is calculated as follows: "Incidence rate (%) = (Number of infected plants / Total number of plants surveyed) × 100%".

[0123] Disease index: The severity of disease on each lily plant is graded according to the following grading criteria, and the disease index is calculated.

[0124] Grading standards for the severity of root rot in Lilium draco:

[0125] Grade 0: Healthy root system, with no browning or rot;

[0126] Level 1: The rotten area of ​​the underground part (bulb and root system) accounts for ≤10% of the total volume;

[0127] Level 2: The underground decayed area accounts for 11%-25% of the total volume;

[0128] Level 3: The underground rotten area accounts for 26%-50% of the total volume;

[0129] Level 4: The underground part is rotten, accounting for more than 50% of the total volume, or the plant has died.

[0130] Grading standards for the severity of anthracnose in Lilium 'Dragon Tooth' (foliar diseases):

[0131] Grade 0: Leaves show no disease spots;

[0132] Grade 1: Lesions cover ≤5% of the total leaf area;

[0133] Grade 2: Lesions cover 6%-25% of the total leaf area;

[0134] Grade 3: Lesions cover 26%-50% of the total leaf area;

[0135] Level 4: Lesions cover more than 50% of the total leaf area or the leaves die.

[0136] The disease index is calculated according to the formula: Disease Index (DI) = [(1×N1+2×N2+3×N3+4×N4) / (4×N)]×100; where N0, N1, N2, N3, and N4 represent the number of plants in grades 0-4 respectively, and N is the total number of plants surveyed.

[0137] Table 2

[0138] Processing group Incidence of root rot (%) Root rot disease severity index Anthrax incidence rate (%) Anthrax Disease Index Example 1 5.2 3.1 7.8 5.5 Comparative Example 1 32.5 25.8 41.6 33.2 Comparative Example 2 15.8 12.3 22.4 18.9 Comparative Example 3 18.5 14.7 26.1 21.0 Comparative Example 4 11.3 8.9 19.7 15.4 Comparative Example 5 26.4 20.1 30.5 24.8

[0139] The data analysis in Table 2 shows that both Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 had optimized light (pruning) and water (irrigation in the root zone). However, Example 1 used biochar-based microbial fertilizer rich in Trichoderma harzianum and Streptomyces flavus, while Comparative Example 2 used ordinary compost. The data shows that the disease incidence rate in Example 1 was significantly lower than that in Comparative Example 2. This proves that biochar-based microbial fertilizer plays an irreplaceable leading role in building a healthy rhizosphere microecology and specifically inhibiting soil-borne pathogens.

[0140] Comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 3, both used biochar-based microbial fertilizer and root zone irrigation. However, Comparative Example 3 used conventional pruning, resulting in poor canopy structure, excessive humidity, and poor ventilation in the understory. Its anthracnose incidence rate was higher than that of Example 1, indicating that optimizing the canopy structure can effectively improve the understory microclimate (reduce humidity, increase ventilation), thereby significantly inhibiting the occurrence and spread of leaf diseases that prefer high humidity environments (such as anthracnose).

[0141] Compared with Example 1 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5, all three used pruning and biochar-based fertilizer. However, Comparative Example 4 (soil moisture content uniformly set at 60-70%) and Comparative Example 5 (uniformly set at 70-80%) used uniform irrigation. Data shows that imprecise water management significantly weakens disease control. In Comparative Example 4, the root zone of the *Lilium lancifolium* was slightly underwatered, resulting in weaker growth and potentially reduced disease resistance. In contrast, the consistently high soil moisture in Comparative Example 5 created an environment highly conducive to the reproduction and spread of root rot and anthracnose pathogens, leading to a much higher disease incidence rate than in Example 1. This demonstrates that separate root zone irrigation, by precisely meeting the needs of different crops, can effectively control diseases through water regulation.

[0142] The favorable canopy structure of Example 1 facilitated irrigation in the root zone and reduced canopy humidity. Precise water management in the root zone prevented soil overwatering while promoting healthy root development in the lilies. Biochar-based microbial fertilizer directly inhibited pathogens and enhanced plant resistance at the soil microecological level. This synergistic effect resulted in Example 1 demonstrating significantly better disease control than any single technology or combination of technologies.

[0143] Comparative Example 1, as a conventional intercropping model, lacks all refined management measures. The two crops compete fiercely, the field microenvironment is poor, and there are no targeted disease control measures, so the disease occurrence is the most severe.

[0144] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0145] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for intercropping thin-shelled pecans and dragon tooth lilies, characterized by the following steps: include: S1. Planting of thin-shelled pecans: The planting distance between thin-shelled pecans is 4-6m and the row spacing is 8-10m. Shaping and pruning should be carried out after the leaves fall in autumn. S2. Every autumn after the thin-shelled hickory leaves fall, collect the fallen leaves and small branches with a diameter of ≤2cm from the pruning and shaping process. Use the oxygen-limited pyrolysis method to prepare biochar. Mix the obtained biochar with probiotic agents and ferment to make biochar-based microbial fertilizer. Collect and prune thick branches of thin-shelled hickory with a diameter >2cm, crush them, and mix them with sulfur powder at a mass ratio of 100:1 to make a covering material. S3. After the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer is prepared, intercrop with dragon tooth lily. Select healthy, disease-free bulbs with a circumference of 12-14cm, disinfect them by soaking them in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, and then plant them. The intercropping layout adopts a strip nesting pattern. After planting, cover the surface of the planting strip with the covering material, which is 3-5cm thick. S4. Water and fertilizer management: Apply urea during the seedling stage of Lilium acutum by strip application and combined with cultivation. During the flowering period, spray the leaves with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once every 15 days. Before the thin-shelled hickory nut sprouts, apply urea in holes at a depth of 15-20cm. During the fruit enlargement period, apply 5kg / mu of fruit tree-specific fertilizer in radial trenches at a depth of 20-30cm. Based on the water requirements of pecan and dragon tooth lily, alternating irrigation was adopted in the root zones. The relative soil moisture content was maintained at 60%-70% in the pecan root zone and 70%-80% in the dragon tooth lily root zone. S5. Harvesting: Dragon tooth lilies are harvested in September, graded and packaged; thin-shelled hickory nuts are harvested in October, and autumn base fertilizer is applied.

2. The intercropping method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shaping and pruning involves pruning the seedlings back to a height of 80-130cm, selecting main branches within the shaping zone, and adjusting the base angle of each layer of main branches to 45-90° with the main trunk by pulling or supporting the branches. The branches are then arranged in layers according to the following rules: 3-4 main branches are selected for the first layer; 2-3 main branches are selected 60-80cm above the first layer to form the second layer; and 1-2 main branches are selected 50-70cm above the second layer to form the third layer.

3. The intercropping method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The oxygen-limited pyrolysis method has a pyrolysis temperature of 350-450℃ and a pyrolysis time of 2 hours.

4. The intercropping method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The probiotic agent comprises Trichoderma harzianum and Streptomyces flavus in equal mass ratios.

5. The intercropping method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the mixed fermentation, the mass ratio of biochar to probiotics is 100:0.1-1, the temperature is 30-45℃, the moisture content is 55-65%, the fermentation time is 7-10 days, and the pile is turned over once a day.

6. The intercropping method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the thin-shelled hickory branches after crushing is 2-5 cm.

7. The intercropping method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned strip-nesting pattern involves planting pecan trees along the tree row direction, in a strip area from 50cm outside the canopy projection to 30cm inside the projection. The row spacing for dragon tooth lilies is 30cm, and the plant spacing is 20cm. The planting trench is dug to a depth of 25-30cm. The seed quantity is 150-200kg per mu. 200-400kg / mu of the aforementioned biochar-based microbial fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer at the bottom of the planting trench. After covering with 5cm of soil, the seeds are planted, and then covered with 5-10cm of soil.

8. The intercropping method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The application rate of urea during the seedling stage of the dragon tooth lily is 8-12 kg / mu; And / or, the concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 2-4 wt%.

9. The intercropping method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of urea applied to the thin-shelled pecans before sprouting is 10-20 kg / mu; And / or, the autumn basal fertilizer application is 3000 kg / mu of well-rotted organic fertilizer, applied radially in furrows at a depth of 30-40 cm.

10. The application of the intercropping method according to any one of claims 1-9 in increasing the yield of intercropping thin-shelled pecans and dragon tooth lilies.