Application of fullerene micromolecular active water as accelerant in fertilizer efficiency release of organic fertilizer
By adding fullerene small molecule active water as a promoter to organic fertilizer, the problem of slow release of nutrients in organic fertilizer is solved, thereby improving crop growth rate and quality and reducing environmental pollution caused by chemical fertilizer use.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-11-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing organic fertilizers have limited nutrient release rates, resulting in slow crop growth, low quality and yield, and excessive use of chemical fertilizers causes environmental pollution.
Fullerene small molecule active water is used as a promoter and mixed with organic fertilizer. Through the catalytic action of fullerene nano-biocatalyst, the nutrients in the organic fertilizer are released in stages, which are divided into two stages: rapid and slow.
It achieves the phased release of nutrients from organic fertilizer, improves crop growth rate and quality, reduces the amount of chemical fertilizer used, and reduces environmental pollution.
Smart Images
Figure CN121779162A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of application technology of fullerene small molecule active water, specifically relating to the application of fullerene small molecule active water as a promoter in the release of fertilizer effect in organic fertilizer. Background Technology
[0002] In China, the use of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers has become an indispensable part of agricultural production. However, the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is having a growing impact on resources and the environment. Furthermore, because crops utilize chemical fertilizers applied to farmland very infrequently, farmers tend to apply more and more fertilizer, fearing insufficient fertilization will affect yields. However, in practice, more fertilizer does not necessarily lead to higher yields; on the contrary, agricultural efficiency is declining. Moreover, excessive application of chemical fertilizers results in significant losses of nitrogen, which largely enters the atmosphere, contributing to ozone layer depletion and causing natural disasters; it also pollutes waterways; it causes soil compaction and desertification; and it degrades the quality of crops, causing agricultural products to lose their natural flavor and, due to excessive levels of harmful substances such as nitrates, poses a threat to human health.
[0003] Nowadays, the use of many organic or inorganic fertilizers can promote the growth of crops. However, conventional organic or inorganic fertilizers are mostly "single-carbon" fertilizers. The release rate of nutrients in this type of fertilizer is extremely limited, and often they cannot be fully utilized.
[0004] Carbon is the food and energy source for soil microorganisms. Soil carbon deficiency can cause crop diseases such as premature aging, nutrient deficiency, and root weakness, leading to sub-healthy crops.
[0005] Currently, hydroxylated fullerene raw materials are mostly used in the field of macromolecular products, and there is no product that can be made into small molecule materials that can also be used in agriculture. Furthermore, there is no product that can enhance the full release of nutrients in organic fertilizers within the required time frame, thereby improving the nutritional needs of crops while simultaneously regulating soil permeability, improving crop quality, growth performance, and yield. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an application of fullerene small molecule active water as a promoter in the release of nutrients from organic fertilizers. When this fullerene small molecule active water is mixed with organic fertilizer, the release of macronutrients from the organic fertilizer is phased. Specifically, the release of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from the organic fertilizer is mainly divided into two phases: a rapid release period of 1-10 days and a slow release period of 10-30 days, reaching a relatively stable level after 30 days. During the rapid decomposition period, the organic fertilizer decomposes quickly, and the cumulative mass loss rate and carbon and nitrogen release rate increase rapidly; during the slow decomposition period, the organic fertilizer decomposes quickly, but the cumulative mass loss rate and carbon and nitrogen release rate increase more slowly. The cumulative mass loss rate and carbon and nitrogen release rate increase even more rapidly. This solves the technical problem in existing technologies where the release of nutrients from organic fertilizers is slow and the release effect is poor, leading to slow crop growth, low crop quality, and low yield.
[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0008] A type of fullerene small molecule active water that promotes the release of organic fertilizer efficacy is obtained by hydroxylated fullerene and deionized water under the catalysis of fullerene nano-biocatalyst.
[0009] The hydroxylated fullerene is a biological-grade fullerene C60 or an industrial-grade fullerene C60 / 70.
[0010] The purity of the bio-grade fullerene C60 is 99.5-99.95%; the purity of the industrial-grade fullerene C60 / 70 is 90-99.5%.
[0011] An application of fullerene small molecule active water as a promoter in the release of fertilizer effect in organic fertilizer involves mixing the fullerene small molecule active water into organic fertilizer, stirring evenly, composting, and then applying it.
[0012] Preferably, the mixing ratio of the fullerene small molecule active water mixture to the organic fertilizer is 25 kg: 1500-2000 kg.
[0013] Preferably, the composting time is 5-30 days.
[0014] Preferably, the composting time is 7-20 days.
[0015] Preferably, the fullerene small molecule active water can promote the mineralization of organic carbon in organic fertilizer and promote the release of nitrogen, carbon source, nitrogen source, phosphorus and potassium in organic fertilizer.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following technical effects:
[0017] This invention provides an application of fullerene small molecule active water as a promoter in the release of fertilizer effects from organic fertilizers. When this fullerene small molecule active water is mixed with organic fertilizer, the release of macroelements in the organic fertilizer is phased. Specifically, the release of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from the organic fertilizer mainly occurs in two phases: a rapid release period of 1-10 days and a slow release period of 10-30 days, reaching a relatively stable level after 30 days. During the rapid decomposition period, the organic fertilizer decomposes quickly, and the cumulative mass loss rate and carbon and nitrogen release rate increase rapidly; during the slow decomposition period, the organic fertilizer decomposes quickly, but the cumulative mass loss rate and carbon and nitrogen release rate increase more slowly.
[0018] Organic fertilizer treated with fullerene small-molecule activated water decomposes rapidly during the rapid decomposition period, with a faster increase in cumulative mass loss rate and carbon and nitrogen release rate. During the slow decomposition period, organic fertilizer decomposes rapidly, with a slower increase in cumulative mass loss rate and carbon and nitrogen release rate. Fullerene "dual-carbon" fertilizer exhibits even faster increases in cumulative mass loss rate and carbon and nitrogen release rate.
[0019] The organic carbon content and C / N ratio of organic fertilizer generally showed a decreasing trend during the composting and fermentation process; except for the total phosphorus content which first increased and then decreased, the total nitrogen, total potassium content, and water-soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content all increased significantly. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the organic carbon content of organic fertilizers under different treatments in Example 1;
[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the daily change in organic carbon of organic fertilizers under different treatments in Example 1;
[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the organic carbon mineralization rate of organic fertilizers under different treatments in Example 1;
[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the daily mineralization of organic carbon in organic fertilizers under different treatments in Example 1;
[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the monthly nitrogen variation of the dual-carbon fertilizer in Example 1;
[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the nitrogen conversion rate of the dual-carbon fertilizer in Example 1;
[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the change in the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the dual-carbon fertilizer in Example 1;
[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the monthly phosphorus variation in the dual-carbon fertilizer of Example 1;
[0028] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the phosphorus conversion rate of the dual-carbon fertilizer in Example 1;
[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the monthly potassium content variation of the dual-carbon fertilizer in Example 1;
[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the potassium conversion rate of the dual-carbon fertilizer in Example 1.
[0031] Among them, A-tap water; B-fullerene small molecule activated water; C-total nitrogen; D-water-soluble nitrogen; R-daily conversion rate; L-cumulative conversion rate; QL-total phosphorus; SL-water-soluble phosphorus; LR-daily phosphorus conversion rate; LL-cumulative phosphorus conversion rate; QJ-total potassium; SJ-water-soluble potassium; JR-daily potassium conversion rate; JL-cumulative potassium conversion rate. Detailed Implementation
[0032] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the examples. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention. Specific conditions not specified in the examples shall be carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.
[0033] Example 1:
[0034] A type of fullerene small molecule active water that promotes the release of organic fertilizer efficacy is obtained by hydroxylated fullerene and deionized water under the catalysis of fullerene nano-biocatalyst.
[0035] The hydroxylated fullerene is a biological-grade fullerene C60 or an industrial-grade fullerene C60 / 70.
[0036] The purity of the bio-grade fullerene C60 is 99.5-99.95%; the purity of the industrial-grade fullerene C60 / 70 is 90-99.5%.
[0037] An application of fullerene small molecule active water as a promoter in the release of fertilizer effect in organic fertilizer involves mixing the fullerene small molecule active water into organic fertilizer, stirring evenly, composting, and then applying it.
[0038] The mixing ratio of the fullerene small molecule active water to the organic fertilizer is 25kg:1500-2000kg.
[0039] The composting period is 5 days.
[0040] Experimental verification:
[0041] 1. Experimental objective:
[0042] To verify the effect of fullerene small molecule active water on the nutrient release of the tested organic fertilizer.
[0043] 2. Test materials:
[0044] Fertilizers tested: Organic fertilizer: Bio-organic fertilizer from Qingdao Jiahefeng Fertilizer Co., Ltd. Nutrient release test was conducted on the organic fertilizer. The nutrient status of the tested organic fertilizer is shown in Table 1, with a C / N ratio of 11.30.
[0045] Test product: Fullerene small molecule active water prepared in Example 1; dosage form: liquid; main components: small molecule water, C60.
[0046] Table 1. Basic nutrient status of the experimental organic fertilizer
[0047] pH Organic matter (g / kg) Total nitrogen (g / kg) Total phosphorus (g / kg) Total potassium (g / kg) 6.44 441.46 22.66 14.83 74.23
[0048] 3. Experimental Design
[0049] The experiment included fullerene small molecule active water as the experimental group and clear water as the control, with two treatments. Each cubic meter of organic fertilizer was treated with 20L or 25kg of fullerene small molecule active water, stirred thoroughly, and then composted to form "single-carbon" fertilizer and "double-carbon" fertilizer, respectively. From the start of treatment, three replicate organic fertilizer samples were taken five times at 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 days (when most nutrient release reaches a stable level). After air-drying and pulverizing, the pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, water-soluble nitrogen, water-soluble phosphorus, and water-soluble potassium content were measured.
[0050] 4. Measurement methods and calculations
[0051] The organic fertilizer was prepared with a fertilizer-to-water ratio of 1:10, and pH was determined by pH measurement. Organic carbon was determined using the potassium dichromate titration method. Organic fertilizer was digested using H₂SO₄-H₂O₂, and total nitrogen was determined using the Kjeldahl method, total phosphorus using the ammonium vanadate colorimetric method, and total potassium using the flame photometry method. Total phosphorus and total potassium were expressed as phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, respectively. Water-soluble nitrogen was determined using the Kjeldahl method, water-soluble phosphorus using the molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method, and water-soluble potassium using the flame photometry method.
[0052] Calculation formula:
[0053] Carbon mineralization rate (%) = (Initial carbon content of each treatment - Residual carbon content) × 100 / Added carbon content
[0054] Nutrient release rate (%) = (Initial nutrient content of each treatment - Residual nutrient content) × 100 / Added nutrient content
[0055] 5. Results and Analysis
[0056] 5.1 The changing pattern of organic carbon in organic fertilizer
[0057] During composting, microorganisms participate in various biochemical reactions, and organic carbon provides energy and carbon sources for microbial activities. Therefore, changes in organic carbon can reflect the composting process to some extent. Many scholars use the mineralization rate and changes of organic carbon to determine the nutrient supply and retention capacity of organic fertilizers. Under the action of microorganisms, the organic carbon content of organic fertilizers during composting shows a decreasing trend to varying degrees. The decrease is significant in the first 10 days, followed by a slow reduction period in the next 20 days. The rate of decrease in organic carbon content varies among different composting treatments. The decrease in organic carbon content in tap water treatment is slow, while the decrease in organic carbon content in fullerene small molecule activated water treatment is relatively large. After 30 days of composting, the organic carbon content reduction in fullerene small molecule activated water treatment is 25.0%, while the reduction in tap water treatment is only 9.94%. Figure 1 As shown.
[0058] like Figure 2 As shown, the daily variation of organic carbon during the composting process of organic fertilizer exhibits a skewed normal distribution. The daily variation of organic carbon in organic fertilizer at different stages shows a process of first rapidly increasing and then slowly decreasing. The early stage of composting is characterized by a rapid increase, with the average daily variation of organic carbon reaching its peak between 5-7 days; a sharp decrease occurs between -20 days, followed by a sustained slow decrease between 20-30 days. The magnitude of the daily variation of organic carbon varies among different composting treatments. The average daily variation of organic carbon in organic fertilizer treated with fullerene small molecule activated water is significantly faster than that treated with tap water, ranging from 0.5 to 1.35 times, indicating that fullerene small molecule activated water treatment has a significant promoting effect on organic carbon mineralization.
[0059] 5.2 Mineralization rate of organic fertilizer
[0060] After different treatments, the increased moisture content and the effects of chemical substances in organic fertilizers activate microorganisms, making the organic carbon mineralization process of organic fertilizers more intense.
[0061] like Figure 3 As shown, the mineralization rate results of organic fertilizers under different treatments indicate that the tested organic fertilizers exhibited rapid mineralization rates in the initial stage (within 10 days), accounting for 63.58%-79.68% of the mineralized amount in the first 30 days. Subsequently, a slow mineralization period ensued, reaching a relatively stable state after 30 days. The mineralization rate of organic fertilizers treated with different composting methods varied. The mineralization rate of organic fertilizers treated with fullerene small molecule activated water was significantly faster than that treated with tap water. The mineralization rate of fullerene small molecule activated water treatment reached 25% after 30 days, which is 1-1.35 times that of tap water treatment.
[0062] like Figure 4As shown, the daily mineralization of organic carbon during the composting process exhibits a skewed normal distribution. The daily mineralization of organic carbon in organic fertilizer shows a process of first rapidly increasing and then slowly decreasing at different stages. The early stage of composting is characterized by a rapid increase, with the average daily mineralization reaching its peak at 5-7 days; a sharp decrease occurs from 7-20 days, followed by a sustained slow decrease from 20-30 days. The variation in daily mineralization of organic carbon varies among different composting treatments. The average daily mineralization of organic carbon in organic fertilizer treated with fullerene small-molecule activated water is significantly faster than that treated with tap water, ranging from 0.5 to 1.35 times that of tap water treatment.
[0063] 5.3 Characteristics of nitrogen release
[0064] The total nitrogen content of "dual-carbon" fertilizer is between 22.66 g / kg and 34.58 g / kg, which is the same as that of organic fertilizer; the water-soluble nitrogen content is between 3.28% and 8.05% of the total nitrogen, which is between 0.89 g / kg and 2.78 g / kg, which is the same as that of organic fertilizer.
[0065] from Figure 5 It can be seen that the nitrogen content of the "dual-carbon" fertilizer increases to varying degrees with the progress of composting. The increase is most significant within 5-7 days, reaching its peak, with increases of 52.6% and 211.31% respectively; after 7 days, the increase rate decreases to varying degrees. After 30 days, the total nitrogen and water-soluble nitrogen content of the "dual-carbon" fertilizer increased by 38.13% and 17.89% respectively; compared with the initial sample, the difference is significant, indicating a significant nitrogen-increasing and nitrogen-retaining effect.
[0066] The nitrogen conversion rate during the composting process of organic fertilizer exhibits a skewed normal distribution. The nitrogen conversion rate of organic fertilizer at different stages shows a process of first increasing sharply and then decreasing slowly. The nitrogen conversion rate increases to its peak at 5-7 days, enters a decreasing period at 7-20 days, and is in a continuous and slow decreasing period at 20-30 days.
[0067] like Figure 6 As shown, the average daily conversion rate and cumulative conversion rate of water-soluble nitrogen in "dual-carbon" fertilizer are as follows.
[0068] 5.3C / N ratio
[0069] Carbon and nitrogen sources are the two major nutrient sources for maintaining microbial activity during composting. The C / N ratio is a crucial factor determining the decomposition of organic matter during composting and can be used as an important parameter for evaluating compost maturity, reflecting the stability of the compost and the presence of substances toxic to plants. The C / N ratio of "dual-carbon" fertilizer generally decreases during composting, with the fastest decrease occurring within 5–7 days, followed by a slow and continuous decrease within 10–30 days. The C / N ratio decreases by 95.65% within 5 days and by 98% within 10 days, with the reduction being particularly significant within 10 days. The C / N ratio decreased rapidly in the early stages of treatment, possibly due to the active microorganisms in the early stages of composting, which consumed a large amount of carbon source. Microbial decomposition released carbon in the form of CH4, CO2, NO, etc., but the rate of carbon loss was greater than the rate of nitrogen loss. In the later stages, as the decomposition process progressed, carbon energy was depleted more quickly, and the C / N ratio showed a lower state and tended to stabilize, with the C / N ratio decreasing by 45.7% in 30 days.
[0070] like Figure 7 As shown, the C / N ratio changes of "double carbon" fertilizer.
[0071] 5.4 Characteristics of phosphorus release
[0072] The phosphorus content of "dual-carbon" fertilizer is relatively low, with total phosphorus content ranging from 12g / kg to 20.8g / kg, which is the same as that of organic fertilizer; the water-soluble phosphorus content ranges from 2.63% to 3.90% of the total phosphorus, and the water-soluble phosphorus content is only between 0.39g / kg and 0.63g / kg, which is the same as that of organic fertilizer.
[0073] from Figure 8 It can be seen that, with the changes in the composting process, the total phosphorus content of the "dual-carbon" fertilizer first increases and then decreases, while the water-soluble phosphorus content increases to varying degrees. The increase is significant within 1-3 days, reaching its peak, with increases of 40.32% and 61.54% respectively; after 3 days, it slowly decreases. The total phosphorus content of the "dual-carbon" fertilizer after 20 days is lower than that of the initial sample.
[0074] like Figure 9 As shown, the average daily conversion rate of water-soluble phosphorus in "dual-carbon" fertilizers at different periods ranged from 0.052% to 1.62%, and the cumulative conversion rate was below 5%.
[0075] The reason for the short-term increase in phosphorus content is that phosphorus is not easily volatilized. When the quality of organic fertilizer decreases during the composting process, phosphorus element is concentrated. At the same time, the content of available phosphorus may increase due to the decomposition of organic matter and the activation of phosphorus by microorganisms.
[0076] 5.5 Potassium release characteristics
[0077] "Dual-carbon" fertilizer has a high potassium content, with total potassium content ranging from 74.23 g / kg to 103.8 g / kg, compared to organic fertilizer. Water-soluble potassium content ranges from 3.15% to 4.06% of total potassium, while water-soluble potassium content is only between 2.67 g / kg and 3.43 g / kg, compared to organic fertilizer.
[0078] from Figure 10 It can be seen that the potassium content of the "dual-carbon" fertilizer showed a significant increasing trend during the composting and fermentation process. The potassium content change within 30 days exhibited a bimodal pattern, with a significant increase between 5-7 days, reaching the first peak with increases of 13.82% and 28.46% respectively; a trough occurred around 10 days, followed by varying degrees of increase between 10-30 days. This is due to the combined effect of organic potassium (released from organic fertilizer) and inorganic potassium (high potassium content in fullerene small molecule active water). The total potassium and water-soluble potassium content of the "dual-carbon" fertilizer increased by 45.25% and 26.97% respectively after 30 days; compared with the initial sample, the difference was highly significant, demonstrating a significant potassium-increasing and potassium-retaining effect.
[0079] During the composting process, the inherent nutrients in the organic materials are fully activated. The content of both total nutrients and readily available nutrients shows a significant increasing trend as the composting process progresses. In particular, fullerene small molecule active water treatment can effectively convert potassium into soluble potassium and exchangeable potassium, which is beneficial for the absorption and utilization of potassium in composted organic fertilizer products by plants.
[0080] The potassium conversion rate during the composting process of organic fertilizer exhibits a skewed normal distribution, showing an initial sharp increase followed by a slow increase at different stages. The potassium conversion rate peaks at 5-7 days, declines from 7-20 days, and then continues to decline slowly from 20-30 days. The average daily conversion rate of water-soluble potassium in the "dual-carbon" fertilizer at different stages ranges from 0.053% to 0.53%, and the cumulative conversion rate is below 3.5%.
[0081] like Figure 11 As shown, the average daily conversion rate and cumulative conversion rate of water-soluble potassium in "double carbon" fertilizer are shown.
[0082] 6. Experimental Conclusions
[0083] The release of macronutrients in fullerene "dual-carbon" fertilizer is phased. The release of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in fullerene "dual-carbon" fertilizer is mainly divided into two stages: a rapid release period of 1-10 days and a slow release period of 10-30 days, reaching a relatively stable level at 30 days.
[0084] During the rapid decomposition period, organic fertilizer decomposes quickly, and the cumulative mass loss rate and carbon and nitrogen release rate increase rapidly. During the slow decomposition period, organic fertilizer decomposes quickly, but the cumulative mass loss rate and carbon and nitrogen release rate increase slowly. Fullerene "dual-carbon" fertilizers show even faster increases in cumulative mass loss rate and carbon and nitrogen release rate.
[0085] The organic carbon content and C / N ratio of organic fertilizer generally showed a decreasing trend during the composting and fermentation process; except for the total phosphorus content which first increased and then decreased, the total nitrogen, total potassium content, and water-soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content all increased significantly.
[0086] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A type of fullerene small molecule active water that promotes the release of organic fertilizer efficacy, characterized in that, Fullerene small molecule active water was obtained by reacting hydroxylated fullerene and deionized water with a fullerene nano-biocatalyst. The hydroxylated fullerene is a biological-grade fullerene C60 or an industrial-grade fullerene C60 / 70. The purity of the bio-grade fullerene C60 is 99.5-99.95%; the purity of the industrial-grade fullerene C60 / 70 is 90-99.5%.
2. The application of fullerene small molecule active water as a promoter in the release of fertilizer efficacy in organic fertilizers, characterized in that, The fullerene small molecule active water is mixed with organic fertilizer, stirred evenly, and then composted before application.
3. The application of fullerene small molecule active water as a promoter in the release of fertilizer efficacy in organic fertilizers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mixing ratio of the fullerene small molecule active water to the organic fertilizer is 25kg:1500-2000kg.
4. The application of fullerene small molecule active water as a promoter in the release of fertilizer efficacy in organic fertilizers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The composting period is 5-30 days.
5. The application of fullerene small molecule active water as a promoter in the release of fertilizer efficacy in organic fertilizers according to claim 4, characterized in that, The composting period is 7-20 days.
6. The application of fullerene small molecule active water as a promoter in the release of fertilizer efficacy in organic fertilizers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fullerene small molecule active water can promote the mineralization of organic carbon in organic fertilizers and promote the release of nitrogen, carbon source, nitrogen source, phosphorus and potassium in organic fertilizers.