Automatic deformation monitoring system for deep foundation pit

Abstract

The invention relates to an automatic deformation monitoring system for a deep foundation pit, and the system comprises a field monitoring unit which comprises a measurement robot, a prism and a controller, and is used for carrying out the multi-measurement observation of an observation point at regular intervals, and transmitting the original observation data to a server; the server is used for receiving the original observation data, performing quality inspection and resolving on the original observation data and transmitting a data observation result to the user terminal; and the user terminal is used for receiving the data observation result and displaying observation information of the deep foundation pit, and the observation information comprises a monitoring point deformation curve graph, combined observation quantity observation information, comparative analysis and report output. According to the method, the transformation from manual operation to automation, from discretization to continuity and from post analysis to process monitoring of foundation pit deformation monitoring is realized, the instantaneity, accuracy and reliability of foundation pit deformation monitoring are remarkably improved, powerful technical support is provided for safety assessment and risk early warning in the deep foundation pit construction process, and the foundation pit deformation monitoring method is suitable for popularization and application. And the foundation pit engineering safety risk is effectively reduced, and the obvious engineering application value is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of foundation pit construction monitoring technology, and in particular to an automated deformation monitoring system for deep foundation pits. Background Technology

[0002] Foundation pit engineering is a crucial component of building construction, widely applied in high-rise buildings, underground parking garages, subway stations, and municipal utility tunnels. Foundation pit construction typically involves deep excavations, complex support structures, and sensitive surrounding environments. Its safety directly impacts the lives of construction workers, the stability of surrounding buildings and underground pipelines, and the overall economic benefits of the project. Therefore, continuous and effective safety monitoring of the foundation pit structure and its surrounding environment throughout the entire construction process is a vital technical means to ensure project safety and reduce the occurrence of accidents.

[0003] Engineering practice shows that many foundation pit accidents are not due to flawed design theories, but rather to the failure to promptly grasp the actual working condition of the foundation pit during construction and the inability to effectively warn of potential risks. Accidents such as foundation pit collapses and excessive ground settlement in the surrounding area are often related to unreasonable monitoring deployment, insufficient monitoring frequency, or outdated monitoring data. Therefore, conducting systematic and continuous safety monitoring during foundation pit construction is of great significance for timely detection of abnormal deformation, assessment of structural safety status, and guidance for construction adjustments.

[0004] Currently, common methods for monitoring foundation pit deformation mainly rely on manual monitoring. This involves using surveying instruments such as total stations and levels to manually observe monitoring points at the foundation pit according to a predetermined monitoring cycle, acquiring data such as displacement and settlement. The deformation trend is then determined by comparing this data with historical data or design control values. However, with the increasing density of urban construction and the expanding scale of foundation pit projects, traditional manual monitoring methods have gradually revealed many shortcomings. First, this method heavily relies on the professional level and operational experience of the surveyors. Differences in operation between different personnel can lead to deviations in measurement results, affecting the consistency and reliability of the data. Second, manual monitoring is usually conducted on fixed cycles such as daily or weekly monitoring, making it difficult to reflect rapid deformation or sudden anomalies occurring in the foundation pit within a short period, and thus unable to achieve real-time or near-real-time monitoring of the foundation pit's condition. Furthermore, manual monitoring has low observation efficiency. In large or complex foundation pit projects, the large number and wide distribution of monitoring points make manual inspection time-consuming and labor-intensive, failing to meet the needs of high-frequency, large-scale monitoring. Meanwhile, the manual recording and subsequent data processing and analysis are cumbersome, with a low level of informatization and automation, which is not conducive to the centralized management, dynamic analysis and risk assessment of monitoring data.

[0005] In summary, improving the automation level of foundation pit monitoring, achieving continuous and real-time perception of foundation pit deformation and safety status, and providing reliable data support for risk warning and construction decision-making have become urgent technical problems to be solved in the field of foundation pit safety monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide an automated deformation monitoring system for deep foundation pits. The system can monitor deformation monitoring points in real time, allowing users to see the deformation status in real time. When the deformation exceeds the allowable value, an alarm is triggered, thereby realizing the safety monitoring of deep foundation pits.

[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: An automated deformation monitoring system for deep foundation pits includes: The field monitoring unit, including a measuring robot, prism, and controller, is used to periodically perform multiple observations at the observation point and transmit the raw observation data to the server. The server is used to receive the raw observation data transmitted by the field monitoring unit, perform quality checks and calculations on it, and transmit the data observation results to the user terminal. The user terminal is used to receive the data observation results transmitted by the server and display the observation information of the deep foundation pit. The observation information includes deformation curves of monitoring points, combined observation information, comparative analysis, and report output.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, preferably, in the field monitoring unit, the prism is deployed at multiple measurement points, the measurement robot is installed at the observation point and can observe the prisms at all measurement points, and the controller periodically starts the measurement robot to perform multiple measurements at the measurement points and transmits the original observation data to the server.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, preferably, in the field monitoring unit, each prism is fixed to the measurement point by welding, screwing, or binding. The prism includes a reference point prism and a deformation point prism. The reference point prism is installed at a known control point outside the deformation zone and is used for the initial calibration and post-calibration of the measuring robot. The deformation point prism is arranged at the middle of the side of the pit retaining structure, at the external corner, and at locations with high stress.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, preferably, the on-site monitoring unit is powered by mains power or solar panels to power the measuring robot and controller.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, preferably, when multiple measuring robots work together, the server uses a rigorous network-wide adjustment process to process the data.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, preferably, the server includes: Receive the raw observation data pushed by the field monitoring unit via a wireless network at regular intervals or in real time; The original observation data is decrypted, verified, and checked to confirm the integrity and legality of the data packet's source. The data, after being decrypted, verified, and inspected, is processed to obtain the data observation results. These results include the coordinates of each observation point, the deformation amount in the current period, the cumulative deformation amount, the calculation accuracy index, the data quality score, and / or, the displacement-time curve, the rate-time curve, and the displacement vector diagram for each observation point. Standard monitoring reports are automatically generated daily, weekly, and monthly, including summaries, analysis charts, conclusions, and recommendations.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention realizes the transformation of foundation pit deformation monitoring from manual to automated, from discrete to continuous, and from post-event analysis to process monitoring, significantly improving the real-time performance, accuracy, and reliability of foundation pit deformation monitoring. It provides strong technical support for safety assessment and risk warning during deep foundation pit construction, effectively reduces the safety risks of foundation pit engineering, and has significant engineering application value.

[0014] The system, consisting of a field monitoring unit, a measuring robot, a prism, and a controller, can automatically complete multiple observations according to a preset cycle, reducing the impact of manual operation on the monitoring results and improving the stability and reliability of the monitoring data.

[0015] By centrally receiving, quality checking, and processing the raw observation data through the server, the automated analysis and unified management of monitoring data are realized. The user terminal displays the monitoring results intuitively in the form of charts and reports, realizing the visualization and information management of the monitoring results. This provides a reliable basis for construction units and managers to grasp the deformation trend of the foundation pit in a timely manner, conduct comparative analysis, and formulate construction adjustment measures, effectively improving the response speed of foundation pit safety management. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is an architecture diagram of the automated deformation monitoring system for deep foundation pits provided by the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the measuring robot in the field monitoring unit of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a plan view of the controller in the field monitoring unit of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Measuring robot; 2. Controller; 3. Server; 4. User terminal; 5. Reference point prism; 6. Deformation point prism; 7. Mains power; 8. Solar panel. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0021] As shown in the figure, this invention provides an automated deformation monitoring system for deep foundation pits, including a field monitoring unit, a server 3, and a user terminal 4. The field monitoring unit includes a measuring robot 1, a prism, and a controller 2, used to periodically perform multiple measurements at observation points and transmit the raw observation data to the server 3. The server 3 receives the raw observation data transmitted by the field monitoring unit, performs quality checks and calculations, and transmits the data observation results to the user terminal 4. The user terminal 4 receives the data observation results transmitted by the server 3 and displays the observation information of the deep foundation pit, including deformation curves of monitoring points, combined observation information, comparative analysis, and report output.

[0022] In the on-site monitoring unit, the prisms are deployed at multiple measurement points. In this example, each prism is fixed to the measurement point by welding, screwing, or binding. The prisms include a reference point prism 5 and a deformation point prism 6. The reference point prism 5 is installed at a known control point outside the deformation zone and is used for the initial calibration and post-calibration of the measuring robot 1. The deformation point prism 6 is arranged in the middle of the side of the foundation pit retaining structure, at the external corner, and in areas with greater stress, with the measurement points being denser in key areas.

[0023] The measuring robot 1 is installed at the observation point and can observe the prism at all measurement points. It is equipped with rain and wind protection devices. The measuring robot 1 and the controller 2 are powered by mains electricity 7 or solar panels 8. The controller 2 periodically starts the measuring robot 1 to perform multiple observations at the measurement points and transmits the raw observation data to the server 3.

[0024] Based on the above embodiments, in this example, it is preferred, but not limited to, that the controller 2 and the measuring robot 1 are installed together, connected to an uninterruptible power supply, and a mobile phone SIM card is inserted. The controller 2 has a hardware power management module, enabling ultra-low power operation. The controller 2 also has a hardware power detection module, which can automatically detect the power level in real time and promptly send SMS notifications to the user when the power is low. The controller 2 has a power output switch, which can perform a hard restart of the total station by powering it off and on in the event of a total station crash. The controller 2 has a data storage function, ensuring data integrity even in the event of network instability. The controller 2 can remotely modify the relevant configurations for data acquisition.

[0025] Server 3 is responsible for receiving raw observation data sent from the monitoring site, performing data quality checks and calculations, and publishing monitoring results to users through the website. When multiple measurement robots 1 work together, rigorous network-wide adjustment is used to process the data. Server 3 has a high degree of automation, strictly controls data quality, and requires no manual intervention at any stage.

[0026] Server 3 supports multiple communication protocols such as TCP / IP, FTP, and HTTP / HTTPS, and receives raw observation data pushed by the field monitoring unit via a wireless network periodically or in real time. It decrypts, verifies, and checks the received data packets to verify their integrity and source legitimacy. Data packets that fail verification or are invalid are discarded and logged. Based on a preset sensor type template, the server parses the data packets to extract key information, including but not limited to: metadata (monitoring point ID, sensor ID, data acquisition timestamp, data format version); observation data (GNSS pseudorange, carrier phase observations, total station slant range, horizontal direction, zenith distance), sensor physical quantities (such as voltage, frequency); and status data (satellite count, PDOP value, battery voltage, signal strength). Furthermore, Server 3 can automatically check data quality. It checks whether the data format conforms to specifications, whether necessary fields (such as point ID, time) are missing, and whether the acquisition time is within the reasonable range of system operation. Failed data is marked as "format error" and excluded from subsequent processes.

[0027] Server 3 then processes the decrypted, verified, and inspected data, converting the slope distance, direction, and zenith distance of the observed monitoring points into three-dimensional coordinates (X, Y, Z) in an engineering-independent coordinate system using the known three-dimensional coordinates of the points. This is compared with the previous calculation results to obtain the displacement increment (ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ) for the current period. Comparison with the initial baseline value (or the first observation value) yields the total displacement since the start of monitoring. The calculated coordinate results for each monitoring point, the current period deformation, the cumulative deformation, the calculation accuracy index, and the data quality score are then stored in the "Monitoring Results Database" in a time series.

[0028] Simultaneously, the system automatically plots displacement-time curves, velocity-time curves, and displacement vector diagrams for each monitoring point. Standard monitoring reports (PDF / Word format) are automatically generated daily, weekly, and monthly, including summaries, analytical charts, conclusions, and recommendations. Time-series analysis is performed on the displacement sequence, calculating moving averages, deformation rates, and accelerations. An alert is automatically triggered when the single-period deformation, cumulative deformation, or deformation rate at a monitoring point exceeds a preset yellow or red alarm value. Statistical models (such as ARIMA) or mechanical models built using historical data are used to predict the deformation range for the next period. An anomaly alert is triggered when the actual observed value significantly deviates from the predicted range.

[0029] User terminal 4 allows remote login to the data publishing website via computer, mobile phone, etc., to query and download monitoring results. The data publishing website visually displays the location information of monitoring points through point-by-point maps and real-scene images, and uses color depth to indicate the magnitude of deformation and different colored flags to indicate the warning status of monitoring points. Detailed queries of monitoring information include: deformation curves of monitoring points, combined observation information queries (e.g., changes in distance or elevation difference between two points), comparative analysis, and report output. The data publishing website automatically pushes early warning notifications and periodic reports via SMS, email, and internal enterprise communication software. Users can subscribe to monitoring points and warning levels they are interested in.

[0030] In summary, the automated deformation monitoring system for deep foundation pits proposed in this invention provides real-time observation of deformation monitoring points, allowing users to see the deformation status in real time. An alarm is triggered when the deformation exceeds the allowable value. Simultaneously, the user terminal displays the monitoring results intuitively in the form of charts and reports, facilitating construction and management personnel to promptly grasp the development trend of foundation pit deformation. This system automates and informatizes the foundation pit monitoring process, effectively improving the real-time performance, accuracy, and continuity of foundation pit deformation monitoring. It provides reliable technical support for safety assessment and risk prevention in deep foundation pit construction and has significant engineering application value.

[0031] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automated deformation monitoring system for deep foundation pits, characterized in that, include: The on-site monitoring unit includes a measuring robot (1), a prism and a controller (2), which is used to periodically perform multiple observations of the observation point and transmit the raw observation data to the server (3); The server (3) is used to receive the raw observation data transmitted by the field monitoring unit, perform quality checks and calculations on it, and transmit the data observation results to the user terminal (4). The user terminal (4) is used to receive the data observation results transmitted by the server (3) and display the observation information of the deep foundation pit. The observation information includes the deformation curve of the monitoring point, the combined observation information, the comparative analysis, and the report output.

2. The automated deformation monitoring system for deep foundation pits according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the on-site monitoring unit, the prisms are deployed at multiple measurement points, and the measurement robot (1) is installed at the observation points and can observe the prisms at all measurement points. The controller (2) periodically starts the measuring robot (1) to perform multiple measurements at the measurement points and transmits the original observation data to the server (3).

3. The automated deformation monitoring system for deep foundation pits according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the field monitoring unit, each prism is fixed to the measurement point by welding, screwing, or binding.

4. The automated deformation monitoring system for deep foundation pits according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the field monitoring unit, the prism includes a reference point prism (5) and a deformation point prism (6). The reference point prism (5) is installed at a known control point outside the deformation zone for the initial calibration and subsequent verification of the measuring robot (1). The deformation point prism (6) is arranged in the middle of the side of the foundation pit retaining structure, at the external corner, and at the place where the stress is greater.

5. The automated deformation monitoring system for deep foundation pits according to claim 1, characterized in that, The on-site monitoring unit is powered by mains power (7) or solar panels (8) to the measuring robot (1) and the controller (2).

6. The automated deformation monitoring system for deep foundation pits according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The server (3) includes: Receive the raw observation data pushed by the field monitoring unit via a wireless network at regular intervals or in real time; The original observation data is decrypted, verified, and checked to confirm the integrity and legality of the data packet's source. The data, after being decrypted, verified, and checked, is processed to obtain the data observation results.

7. The automated deformation monitoring system for deep foundation pits according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the server (3), the data observation results include the coordinate results of each observation point, the deformation amount in the current period, the cumulative deformation amount, the solution accuracy index, the data quality score, and / or, Plot displacement-time curves, velocity-time curves, and displacement vector diagrams for each observation point, and automatically generate standard monitoring reports by day, week, and month, including summaries, analysis charts, conclusions, and recommendations.

8. The automated deformation monitoring system for deep foundation pits according to claim 6, characterized in that, When multiple measurement robots (1) work together, the server (3) uses a network-wide rigorous adjustment process to process the data.

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