Large-section hard rock drilling spalling device and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-section hard rock drilling spalling device and a construction method thereof.The large-section hard rock drilling spalling device comprises a supporting cylinder, multiple layers of partition plates are arranged in the supporting cylinder, the multiple layers of partition plates are arranged at intervals in the axial direction of the supporting cylinder, the interior of the supporting cylinder is divided into multiple containing bins through the multiple layers of partition plates, and the multiple containing bins are arranged in the supporting cylinder; a plurality of outlets are formed in the two opposite sides of the cylinder wall of the supporting cylinder respectively, and the outlets in the two sides of the cylinder wall are communicated with containing bins respectively; the spalling head is arranged in the outlet in a sliding manner; the expansion bag is mounted in the accommodating bin; the communicating pipe is used for conveying a filling medium and provided with a plurality of connecting holes, the connecting holes are connected to the expansion bag, and hydraulic control valves are installed in the connecting holes; and the controller is connected to the multiple hydraulic control valves, and the controller opens the hydraulic control valves. The problem that the spalling force of different depths cannot be controlled by drilling spalling equipment in the market is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of borehole expansion and fracturing devices, specifically to a large-section hard rock borehole expansion and fracturing device and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With rapid economic development and booming engineering construction, the number of construction projects is increasing daily. Most projects involve rock formations, requiring rock fracturing. With the continuous emergence of new construction techniques, materials, and equipment, many advanced rock-breaking methods are being applied in engineering practice, such as TBM rock breaking, static fracturing, hydraulic fracturing, water pressure fracturing, and laser rock breaking. Drilling-induced fracturing is a common rock-breaking method. Because it operates without vibration or impact, produces no exhaust gas or dust, and can rapidly fracture rocks, it also allows for secondary rock disintegration. It has significant advantages in efficiency, environmental protection, economy, and applicability, and is used in tunnel construction, stone quarrying, and shaft excavation, among other applications.

[0003] The borehole expansion fracturing method involves drilling several holes in the rock using a drilling rig. Taking advantage of the fact that the tensile strength of rock is much lower than its compressive strength, expansion fracturing equipment expands the rock from the inside out through the boreholes, thus achieving the effect of fracturing the rock. This method can meet the construction requirements of large-section hard rock and effectively improves construction safety, reducing the occurrence of accidents. However, the selection of expansion fracturing equipment is a key factor affecting the efficiency of borehole expansion fracturing. Commonly available expansion fracturing equipment is generally small in size, making it unsuitable for large-scale projects, and most are also inefficient. Furthermore, different borehole depths require drastically different fracturing forces, making it impossible to apply loads according to needs, control the fracturing force at different depths, and meet the construction requirements of special projects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, a large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device and its construction method are provided to solve the problem that commercially available drilling expansion and fracturing equipment cannot control the expansion and fracturing force at different depths.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, a large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device is provided, comprising: The support cylinder has multiple partition plates inside, which are spaced apart along the axial direction of the support cylinder. The multiple partition plates divide the interior of the support cylinder into multiple receiving compartments. Multiple outlets are opened on opposite sides of the cylinder wall, and one outlet on each side of the cylinder wall is connected to one receiving compartment. A rupture head is slidably disposed in the outlet; An inflatable bladder is installed inside the accommodating compartment; A conduit for conveying the filling medium has multiple connection holes, which are connected to the expansion bladder, and a hydraulic control valve is installed in each connection hole. A controller is connected to multiple hydraulic valves. The controller opens the hydraulic valves, and the guide tube injects the filling medium into the expansion bladder to cause the expansion bladder to expand. The expanded expansion bladder pushes against the expansion heads on opposite sides of the receiving chamber, causing the expansion heads to extend out of the outlet and squeeze the rock hole wall of the hard rock, resulting in static expansion and cracking of the hard rock.

[0006] Furthermore, the rupture head includes: A pressure plate abuts against the expansion bladder; An extrusion plate is disposed on the side of the pressure plate opposite to the expansion bladder; Multiple support beams are installed between the extrusion plate and the pressure plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the extrusion plate is arc-shaped, and the inner arc surface of the extrusion plate faces the pressure plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the multiple support beams are arranged in a matrix.

[0009] Furthermore, the interior of the extrusion plate has a cavity filled with an elastic material.

[0010] Furthermore, the support beam is detachably connected to the extrusion plate and the pressure plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the hydraulic control valve has an internal cavity, with a partition plate in the middle of the cavity dividing it into a head cavity and a tail cavity. The partition plate has a flow guide hole. The hydraulic control valve has a first hole and a second hole. The first hole connects to the head cavity, and the second hole connects to the tail cavity and the expansion bladder. A valve core is elastically installed in the tail cavity, and the valve core presses against the flow guide hole to block it. A piston plate is slidably installed at the end of the head cavity away from the tail cavity. A support rod is fixed on the piston plate, passing through the flow guide hole and abutting against the valve core. The hydraulic control valve has a third hole for inputting control medium into the piston plate and the head cavity to drive the support rod to push the valve core.

[0012] Furthermore, the third hole and the first hole are respectively disposed at both ends of the head cavity, and the cavity wall of the head cavity is formed with a limiting member for restricting the sliding of the piston plate, the limiting member being disposed between the first hole and the third hole.

[0013] Furthermore, the end of the valve core is frustum-shaped.

[0014] This invention provides a construction method for a large-section hard rock borehole expansion and fracturing device, comprising the following steps: Insert the support cylinder into the rock hole in the hard rock; The controller controls the hydraulic valve to control the expansion force required to fracture the hard rock at different depths, so that the guide tube injects the corresponding amount of filling medium into the expansion bladder corresponding to the different depths of the hard rock. The expansion bladder pushes the expansion heads on both sides of the receiving chamber of the support cylinder so that the expansion heads extend out of the outlet and squeeze the rock hole wall of the hard rock, so that the hard rock is statically fractured.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: the large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device can adjust the oil pressure according to the different forces required for fracturing rocks at different depths, achieving localized segmented loading and fracturing. It is highly flexible, effectively improving energy utilization, and is suitable for large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing. The device has a simple structure, low cost, and high rock-breaking efficiency. The main body of the large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device is made of high-strength steel, meeting the strength requirements during fracturing. Simultaneously, it is highly flexible, reusable, and effectively reduces costs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Other features, objects, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a top view of the large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the expansion head according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the connection node between the support beam and the pressure plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic control valve according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure label: Support cylinder 1, partition plate 11; 2. Expansion head; 21. Pressure plate; 22. Extrusion plate; 23. Support beam; Inflatable sac 3; 4. Conductor pipe, 41. Hydraulic control valve, 411. Middle partition plate, 42. Valve core, 43. Piston plate, 44. Support rod, 45. Limiting component, a. Head chamber, b. Tail chamber, c. First hole, d. Second hole, e. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0024] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] Reference Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the present invention provides a large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device, including: a support cylinder 1, a fracturing head 2, an expansion bladder 3, a guide pipe 4, and a controller.

[0026] In this embodiment, the support cylinder is cylindrical. The outer diameter of the support cylinder affects the inner diameter of the borehole drilled in the hard rock.

[0027] The support cylinder 1 has multiple partition plates 11 inside. The partition plates 11 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the support cylinder 1. The partition plates 11 divide the interior of the support cylinder 1 into multiple accommodating compartments.

[0028] The support cylinder 1 has multiple outlets on opposite sides of its cylinder wall. The outlets on opposite sides of the support cylinder are symmetrically arranged. Each outlet on one side of the cylinder wall is connected to a receiving chamber, meaning that each receiving chamber has an outlet on opposite sides.

[0029] Each outlet on the cylinder wall is equipped with a rupture head 2. The rupture head can move radially along the support cylinder. One side of the rupture head is located inside the receiving chamber.

[0030] An expansion bladder 3 is installed inside the containment chamber. After the expansion bladder is filled with the filling medium, it gradually expands and presses against the fracturing heads on both sides of the containment chamber. The fracturing heads are then gradually pushed out of the outlet by the expansion bladder. When the support cylinder is installed in a borehole in hard rock, the fracturing heads press against the borehole wall, causing the hard rock to statically expand and fracture.

[0031] A guide tube passes through multiple partition plates in the support cylinder. The guide tube is used to deliver a filling medium into the expansion bladder. In this embodiment, the filling medium is liquid oil or gas. The guide tube 4 has multiple connection holes. Each connection hole connects to one expansion bladder 3. A hydraulic control valve 41 is installed in each connection hole.

[0032] In this embodiment, multiple hydraulic control valves are still installed inside the guide pipe, causing the section of the guide pipe inside the support cylinder to be divided into multiple sections. Each section corresponds to a receiving chamber.

[0033] The controller is connected to multiple hydraulic valves 41. When the controller opens a hydraulic valve 41, the guide tube 4 fills the expansion bladder 3 with filling medium, causing the expansion bladder 3 to expand. The expanded expansion bladder 3 pushes against the expansion heads 2 on opposite sides of the containing chamber, causing the expansion heads 2 to extend out of the outlet and squeeze the rock hole wall of the hard rock, resulting in static expansion and cracking of the hard rock.

[0034] See Figure 3 As shown, the expansion head 2 includes: a pressure plate 21, an extrusion plate 22, and multiple support beams 23.

[0035] The pressure plate 21 and the extrusion plate 22 are arranged opposite to each other. The pressure plate 21 and the extrusion plate 22 are arranged in the radial direction of the support cylinder. The pressure plate 21 abuts against the expansion bladder 3. The extrusion plate 22 is arranged on the side of the pressure plate 21 facing away from the expansion bladder 3. Multiple support beams 23 are installed between the extrusion plate 22 and the pressure plate 21.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the extrusion plate 22 is arc-shaped. The inner arc surface of the extrusion plate 22 faces the pressure plate 21. The extrusion plate is made into an arc surface that fits the borehole well, thereby uniformly expanding and fracturing the rock.

[0037] Multiple support beams 23 are arranged in a matrix between the pressure plate 21 and the extrusion plate 22.

[0038] The extrusion plate 22 has an internal cavity. The cavity is filled with an elastic material. The elastic material inside the extrusion plate can effectively buffer the reaction force from the rock, while also increasing flexibility. The elastic material can be selected from high-performance polyurethane, high-elasticity polyethylene carbon fiber, or composite materials composed of various chemical materials, rubber, and fibers, etc., to meet the strength requirements during operation.

[0039] In this embodiment, the support beam 23 is detachably connected to the extrusion plate 22 and the pressure plate 21.

[0040] The ends of the support beam are connected to a pressing plate or a pressure plate with screws. The ends of the support beam form a base, which is connected to the pressing plate or pressure plate via screws. In case of equipment failure, the support beam can be disassembled from the pressing plate or pressure plate; during normal use, it does not need to be disassembled, providing good flexibility.

[0041] The support beam primarily supports the entire expansion head and effectively and evenly transmits the lateral expansion force. An expansion head is positioned on each of the left and right sides of the support cylinder, enabling effective and synchronous rock expansion. The expansion head in the upper compartment is separated from the lower compartment by a partition plate, effectively preventing friction and other interference between them. The pressure plate mainly bears the lateral thrust transmitted from the expansion bladder, causing the expansion head to move outward and thus converting the lateral thrust into expansion force.

[0042] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, in the operation of the large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device of the present invention, a filling medium (such as liquid oil) is transported through a guide pipe by a hydraulic device, and the controller controls the flow of liquid oil into and out of the expansion bladders in each containment chamber by controlling the hydraulic control valve. After the liquid oil reaches the expansion bladders in each containment chamber, the expansion bladders continuously expand, thereby pushing the fracturing head to move to the left and right sides, thus providing lateral expansion and fracturing force, and ultimately achieving the effect of fracturing the rock.

[0043] The hydraulic control valve can effectively control the entry and exit of liquid oil in the expansion bladders of each compartment, thereby controlling the oil pressure of the expansion bladders in each compartment, and thus controlling the expansion force of the expansion bladders in each compartment, achieving expansion and fracturing of rocks at different depths.

[0044] For details, please refer to Figure 5 As shown, the hydraulic control valve 41 has an internal cavity. A partition 411 is provided in the middle of the cavity. The partition 411 divides the cavity into a head cavity a and a tail cavity b. A guide hole is provided in the partition 411. The hydraulic control valve 41 has a first hole c and a second hole d. The first hole c is connected to the head cavity a. The second hole d is connected to the tail cavity b and the expansion bladder 3. A valve core 42 is elastically installed in the tail cavity b. The valve core 42 presses against the guide hole to seal the guide hole.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the end of the valve core 42 is frustum-shaped.

[0046] A piston plate 43 is slidably mounted on the end of the head cavity a that is away from the tail cavity b. A support rod 44 is fixed on the piston plate 43. The support rod passes through the piston plate and is integrally formed with the piston plate. One end of the support rod abuts against the valve core, and the other end of the support rod abuts against the end face of the head cavity that is away from the tail cavity.

[0047] The support rod 44 passes through the guide hole and abuts against the valve core 42. The hydraulic control valve 41 has a third hole e for inputting control medium into one end of the piston plate 43 and the head chamber a to drive the support rod 44 to push the valve core 42.

[0048] The third hole e and the first hole c are respectively located at both ends of the head cavity a. The cavity wall of the head cavity a has a limiting member 45 for restricting the sliding of the piston plate 43. The limiting member 45 is located between the first hole c and the third hole e.

[0049] The filling medium enters the head chamber (the cavity between the piston plate and the valve core) through the first orifice. The filling medium pushes the valve core, compressing the spring on the valve core, thus forming a passage connecting the first orifice, head chamber, guide orifice, tail chamber, and second orifice to the expansion bladder. Liquid oil can then be injected into the expansion bladder through the second orifice.

[0050] When no liquid oil enters the first orifice, the spring on the valve core rebounds, and the valve core blocks the guide orifice, preventing the liquid oil that has already passed through the expansion bladder from returning.

[0051] When the controller opens the third port (the control medium is pumped into the third port through the electric oil supply pipe), allowing the control medium (such as control oil) to enter the head chamber (between the piston and the end face of the head chamber away from the tail chamber) through the third port, the piston plate moves toward the tail chamber. The support rod then pushes against the valve core, causing the guide hole to open. The liquid oil in the expansion bladder can then return from the second port and be discharged into the guide pipe from the first port, thereby achieving hydraulic one-way control.

[0052] Continue reading Figure 5 As shown, the hydraulic control valve is cylindrical, with its internal cavity arranged along the axial direction of the valve. The shape and size of the cavity's cross-section are adapted to the shape and size of the piston plate. The valve core has an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the guide orifice. One end of the valve core is frustoconical, serving a guiding function and improving sealing. The other end of the valve core is elastically mounted in the tail cavity via a spring. Specifically, the other end of the valve core forms an axial channel. One end of the spring is installed within the axial channel, and the other end is connected to the cavity wall of the tail cavity. The spring presses the valve core against the orifice to seal it.

[0053] The large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device of this invention, after being inserted into a hard rock borehole, can adjust the hydraulic control valve according to the different forces required to fracture rocks at different depths. This controls the oil intake of the expansion bladder in each section, thereby adjusting the oil pressure of the expansion bladder and ultimately controlling the fracturing force of each section. The fracturing head can move outward until its extrusion plate squeezes the borehole wall. Its movement distance (i.e., rock fracturing displacement) is relatively long, meeting the rock breaking requirements. After fracturing is completed, the hydraulic control valve is opened, and the liquid oil can be recovered through the conduit. After recovery, the large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device of this invention can be removed from the borehole and transported to the next industrial application for repeated construction.

[0054] This invention provides a construction method for a large-section hard rock borehole expansion and fracturing device, comprising the following steps: S1. Insert the support cylinder 1 into the rock hole of the hard rock.

[0055] S2. According to the different expansion forces required for different depths of hard rock, the controller controls the hydraulic valve 41 so that the guide pipe 4 injects the corresponding amount of filling medium into the expansion bladder 3 corresponding to different depths of hard rock. The expansion bladder 3 pushes the expansion heads 2 on both sides of the receiving chamber of the support cylinder 1 so that the expansion heads 2 extend out of the outlet and squeeze the rock hole wall of the hard rock, so that the hard rock is statically expanded and cracked.

[0056] The large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device of the present invention is divided into transportation, insertion, oiling, expansion and fracturing, oil return and transportation out.

[0057] Trucks are used to transport the large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device of the present invention to the construction site. A crane is used for lifting and installation. After the installation is completed and verified to be correct, loading can be carried out. A hydraulic loader is used to deliver oil pressure for expansion and fracturing operations, and an expansion and fracturing head made of elastic material is used to expand and fracture the rock.

[0058] Compared with existing fracturing equipment, the large-section hard rock drilling fracturing device of the present invention is suitable for drilling and fracturing large-section hard rock, and has significant advantages such as low engineering cost, simple construction, low noise, and wide application range. At the same time, the segmented design can adjust the oil pressure according to the fracturing requirements of different depths, realizing segmented fracturing, which has significant advantages in terms of applicability.

[0059] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in this application is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in this application.

Claims

1. A large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device, characterized in that, include: The support cylinder has multiple partition plates inside, which are spaced apart along the axial direction of the support cylinder. The multiple partition plates divide the interior of the support cylinder into multiple receiving compartments. Multiple outlets are opened on opposite sides of the cylinder wall, and one outlet on each side of the cylinder wall is connected to one receiving compartment. A rupture head is slidably disposed in the outlet; An inflatable bladder is installed inside the accommodating compartment; A conduit for conveying the filling medium has multiple connection holes, which are connected to the expansion bladder, and a hydraulic control valve is installed in each connection hole. A controller is connected to multiple hydraulic valves. The controller opens the hydraulic valves, and the guide tube injects the filling medium into the expansion bladder to cause the expansion bladder to expand. The expanded expansion bladder pushes against the expansion heads on opposite sides of the receiving chamber, causing the expansion heads to extend out of the outlet and squeeze the rock hole wall of the hard rock, resulting in static expansion and cracking of the hard rock.

2. The large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expansion head includes: A pressure plate abuts against the expansion bladder; An extrusion plate is disposed on the side of the pressure plate opposite to the expansion bladder; Multiple support beams are installed between the extrusion plate and the pressure plate.

3. The large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The extrusion plate is arc-shaped, and the inner arc surface of the extrusion plate faces the pressure plate.

4. The large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The multiple support beams are arranged in a matrix.

5. The large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The extrusion plate has a cavity inside, which is filled with an elastic material.

6. The large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The support beam is detachably connected to the extrusion plate and the pressure plate.

7. The large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic control valve has an internal cavity, with a partition plate in the middle dividing the cavity into a head cavity and a tail cavity. The partition plate has a flow guide hole. The hydraulic control valve has a first hole and a second hole. The first hole connects to the head cavity, and the second hole connects to the tail cavity and the expansion bladder. A valve core is elastically installed in the tail cavity, and the valve core presses against the flow guide hole to block it. A piston plate is slidably installed at the end of the head cavity away from the tail cavity. A support rod is fixed on the piston plate, passing through the flow guide hole and abutting against the valve core. The hydraulic control valve has a third hole for inputting control medium into the piston plate and the head cavity to drive the support rod to push the valve core.

8. The large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The third hole and the first hole are respectively disposed at both ends of the head cavity, and the cavity wall of the head cavity is formed with a limiting member for restricting the sliding of the piston plate, the limiting member being disposed between the first hole and the third hole.

9. The large-section hard rock drilling expansion and fracturing device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The end of the valve core is truncated cone-shaped.

10. A construction method for a large-section hard rock borehole expansion and fracturing device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Insert the support cylinder into the rock hole in the hard rock; The controller controls the hydraulic valve to control the expansion bladders corresponding to different depths of the hard rock, which require different expansion forces to fracture the rock. The expansion bladders push the expansion heads on both sides of the receiving chamber of the support cylinder so that the expansion heads extend out of the outlet and squeeze the rock hole wall of the hard rock, causing the hard rock to fracture statically.

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