Buried metal pipeline connector leakage monitoring and early warning system and control method

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a buried metal pipeline interface leakage monitoring and early warning system. The buried metal pipeline interface leakage monitoring and early warning system comprises a monitoring host, an optical fiber signal triggering device and an armored flexible optical fiber, the optical fiber signal triggering device is installed at the joint of a buried metal pipeline, the armored flexible optical fiber is arranged along the trend of the pipeline and penetrates through the optical fiber signal triggering device, and the monitoring host is connected with the armored flexible optical fiber; the optical fiber signal triggering device is internally provided with a chemical reaction module which is used for reacting with leakage water to generate a temperature rise signal and a water swelling module which is used for reacting with leakage water to generate a strain signal; and the monitoring host is internally provided with a signal acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a positioning unit and an early warning output unit, and is used for acquiring a temperature rise signal and / or a strain signal through the armored flexible optical fiber, and generating and outputting leakage early warning information after processing and analyzing the temperature rise signal and / or the strain signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of pipeline monitoring technology, specifically to a buried metal pipeline interface leakage monitoring and early warning system and control method based on dual monitoring of fiber optic temperature rise and strain. Background Technology

[0002] In building construction, numerous buried water supply, drainage, and heating pipes are typically installed both indoors and outdoors. These pipes are prone to leakage at their joints due to factors such as worker operation techniques and backfill settlement. Because the underground pipe network is intricately laid out and buried at depths generally below -1m, leaks are difficult to detect. Long-term leakage can lead to water flow impacting the soil layer, causing large-scale ground subsidence and affecting the normal use of buildings. This is particularly true for industrial plants; once settlement and collapse occur, it will severely impact the safe operation of production line equipment, causing substantial property damage. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device and method capable of real-time monitoring and location of leaks at the joints of buried pipelines, enabling rapid and accurate location of leaks, timely problem-solving, and minimizing cascading effects.

[0003] In the prior art, the invention patent with publication number CN202110800897, entitled "Drainage Pipeline Monitoring System for Leakage Point Location Based on Distributed Optical Fiber", mainly includes a temperature measuring host, a temperature sensing optical fiber, and a server. The temperature sensing optical fiber is installed on the outer wall of the drainage pipe in a wound manner. The detection value of the temperature sensing optical fiber when the drainage pipe is not leaking is used as a comparison value. When leakage occurs, the permeating medium participates in the heat transfer process between the temperature sensing optical fiber and the soil, generating a temperature difference, thereby obtaining the leakage point.

[0004] However, this existing technology has many drawbacks: First, passive monitoring relies on natural temperature differences, which limits its sensitivity. When the temperature of the medium inside the pipeline is consistent with the temperature of the surrounding soil for a long time, or when micro-seepage or slow seepage occurs, it is difficult to generate a temperature difference signal that can be effectively detected, which can easily lead to missed alarms or delayed alarms. Second, active heating schemes are energy-intensive and uneconomical, and have poor targeting and are prone to interference. "Carpet-style" heating may mask the leakage signal or cause false alarms. Third, the system is complex. The complex layout of multiple optical fibers increases material costs and construction difficulty, and the heating module and other subsystems also increase maintenance costs. Fourth, the control logic is simple, relying only on temperature difference analysis, and has not formed a phased and multi-dimensional signal judgment mechanism, resulting in a high false alarm rate and a lack of continuous early warning capabilities.

[0005] Therefore, existing technologies cannot meet the requirements of high precision, high sensitivity, low energy consumption, low false alarm rate, and convenient maintenance for leakage monitoring of buried metal pipe interfaces. An improved leakage monitoring and early warning system and control method are urgently needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a buried metal pipe interface leakage monitoring and early warning system and control method, which solves the problems of low sensitivity, high energy consumption, high false alarm rate, system complexity and high maintenance cost caused by the reliance on natural temperature difference or active heating in the prior art. It realizes high sensitivity, accurate positioning, continuous early warning, strong anti-interference and simple maintenance of buried metal pipe interface leakage monitoring and control.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a buried metal pipe interface leakage monitoring and early warning system, including a monitoring host, an optical fiber signal triggering device and an armored flexible optical fiber; the optical fiber signal triggering device is installed at the buried metal pipe interface, the armored flexible optical fiber is laid along the pipe and passes through the optical fiber signal triggering device, and the monitoring host is connected to the armored flexible optical fiber. The fiber optic signal triggering device is equipped with a chemical reaction module for reacting with the leaking water to generate a temperature rise signal, and a water-expanding module for reacting with the leaking water to generate a strain signal. The monitoring host has a built-in signal acquisition unit, data processing unit, positioning unit and early warning output unit, which is used to acquire temperature rise signals and / or strain signals through the armored flexible optical fiber, and generate and output leakage early warning information after processing and analysis.

[0008] Furthermore, the fiber optic signal triggering device is made of stainless steel and has a ring-shaped cavity structure with a flange. It consists of two parts, upper and lower. After the pipe interface is engaged, it is fixed by an external flange. Nitrile waterproof rubber gaskets are provided at the connection between the flange and the pipe, and at the connection between the flanges. The upper part of the fiber optic signal triggering device is a flat upper and round lower cavity structure with a flange. A detachable cover plate is provided at the center of the top. The detachable cover plate is fixed by a snap lock. Two micro-perforated baffles are provided in the upper cavity. The chemical reaction module is filled between the two micro-perforated baffles. Two fiber optic tube clamps are provided at an angle of 45° in the upper cavity. The fiber optic tube clamps are locked to the armored flexible optical fiber by a waterproof optical cable connector. The lower part of the fiber optic signal triggering device is a semi-circular cavity structure with a flange, and the water-swellable module is fixed in the lower cavity by a limiting steel plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the chemical reaction module includes a trigger layer composed of a high-strength water-permeable membrane, and a main reaction layer composed of anhydrous calcium chloride and slow-release agent composite particles, wherein the main reaction layer is encapsulated within the trigger layer, and the purity of the anhydrous calcium chloride is ≥95%; The main components of the water-swellable module are butyl rubber, epoxidized natural rubber, water-absorbing resin, as well as crosslinking agents, fillers, reinforcing agents, anti-aging agents and antioxidants. The water-swellable module expands to twice its volume after being soaked in leaked water for 12-24 hours.

[0010] Furthermore, the monitoring host has a built-in Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer, and the signal acquisition unit includes an ultra-narrow linewidth laser emission module, a pulse modulation and optical amplification unit, and a high-frequency microwave detection and acquisition unit, which are used to dynamically adjust the acquisition frequency and acquire temperature and strain signals. The data processing unit includes a dual-parameter demodulation and signal processing core, which is used to filter, perform correlation analysis, and determine anomalies in the acquired signals. The positioning unit includes a time-domain positioning and intelligent analysis motherboard, which is used to calculate the location of abnormal signals based on the laser round-trip time difference. The early warning output unit includes a data communication and system management interface for outputting tiered early warning information.

[0011] Furthermore, the armored flexible optical fiber includes a single-mode or multi-mode sensing optical fiber, the sensing optical fiber is wrapped with a stainless steel threaded flexible tube armor layer, and the armor layer is provided with a high-performance polymer sheath. The armored flexible optical fiber enters the device through the optical fiber passing tube clamp of the optical fiber signal triggering device at the pipe interface and is wound in a U-shape for no less than 1m, and then continues to be laid parallel to the pipeline from the other side of the tube clamp.

[0012] Secondly, this disclosure provides a systematic method for monitoring and early warning control of leakage at buried metal pipe interfaces, comprising the following steps: S1: System initialization, completes hardware self-test, environmental baseline calibration, coordinate binding and alarm threshold preset; S2: Signal acquisition and preprocessing: The temperature rise signal generated by the chemical reaction module and the strain signal generated by the water-swelling module are acquired in real time through the armored flexible optical fiber. After filtering, a three-dimensional data set of "time-temperature-strain" is established. S3: Abnormal signal determination, based on preset thresholds and dual-signal correlation rules, distinguishes between valid leakage signals and interference signals, and determines the leakage level; S4: Precise positioning, based on the fiber optic mileage corresponding to the abnormal signal, matches the coordinate database to determine the physical location of the leakage interface; S5: Tiered early warning output, outputting early warning information through multiple channels according to the leakage level; S6: Maintenance linkage control, supporting maintenance mode switching, module reset and system retest.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S1, the hardware self-test includes a routine inspection of the status of each module of the monitoring host, the continuity of the armored flexible optical fiber, and the module status of the optical fiber signal triggering device. The environmental reference values ​​were calibrated by continuously collecting temperature and strain values ​​over 30 minutes, removing extreme values, and taking the average value as the environmental temperature reference value T0 and the initial strain reference value ε0. Coordinate binding involves creating a three-dimensional binding table that represents "fiber optic mileage - pipeline interface number - actual geographical location"; The preset alarm thresholds include a first-level temperature rise warning threshold T1=T0+5℃, a second-level warning threshold T2=T0+10℃, a first-level strain warning threshold ε1=ε0+50με, a second-level strain warning threshold ε2=ε0+100με, and a signal duration threshold: a temperature rise signal lasting ≥30 seconds or a strain signal lasting ≥1 hour is considered a valid signal.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, the signal acquisition frequency is dynamically adjusted: under normal operating conditions, the temperature signal acquisition frequency is 1 time / 15 seconds and the strain signal is 1 time / 5 minutes; when the signal deviates from the reference value by ±2℃ or ±20με, it switches to high-frequency acquisition mode, with the temperature signal acquiring 1 time / 2 seconds and the strain signal acquiring 1 time / 1 minute. Signal preprocessing uses the Kalman filter algorithm to remove high-frequency noise. The dual-signal synchronization correlation is to align the temperature rise signal and strain signal of the same pipe interface on the time axis. If a valid temperature rise signal is detected, the sampling frequency of the strain signal of the corresponding interface is increased to 1 time / 30 seconds.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S3, the rule for determining abnormal signals is as follows: Level 1 leakage warning: The temperature rise signal reaches T1 and lasts for ≥30 seconds, or the strain signal reaches ε1 and lasts for ≥1 hour; Level 2 leakage warning: The temperature rise signal reaches T2 and lasts for ≥1 minute, or the strain signal reaches ε2 and lasts for ≥2 hours, or the temperature rise and strain signal simultaneously reach the Level 1 threshold. False alarm elimination includes comparing signals from adjacent pipeline sections to rule out environmental interference and combining hardware self-test results to rule out equipment malfunctions.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S5, the first-level warning pushes warning information via SMS / APP on the mobile terminal, and the monitoring center displays a yellow warning; the second-level warning simultaneously triggers the mobile terminal push, the monitoring center's audible and visual alarm, and the engineering management system's maintenance dispatch order. In step S6, the corresponding interface warning output is paused in maintenance mode but signal acquisition is retained. After the module is reset, the reference value is recalibrated. In the re-inspection stage, high-frequency monitoring is performed for 1 hour. After confirming that there are no abnormalities, a qualified report is generated.

[0017] Working principle The core working principle of this system and control method is a cascaded control process of "leakage triggering - dual signal acquisition - intelligent judgment - precise positioning - graded early warning - maintenance closed loop": Initialization phase: After the system starts up, it completes hardware self-test to ensure that all components are working properly; it establishes signal baseline by collecting environmental benchmark values, binds fiber optic mileage to the physical location of pipeline interfaces, and presets graded alarm thresholds to lay the foundation for subsequent monitoring.

[0018] Signal sensing stage: When leakage occurs at the pipe interface, the leaking water enters the fiber optic signal triggering device and comes into contact with the chemical reaction module to trigger a hydration exothermic reaction (CaCl2 + nH2O → CaCl2・nH2O + Heat). Within 10 seconds, heat is rapidly released, causing the fiber optic to generate a temperature rise signal. At the same time, the water-expanding module absorbs water and expands for 12-24 hours, generating continuous pressure on the fiber optic to form a strain signal.

[0019] Signal processing stage: Armored flexible optical fiber transmits temperature rise and / or strain signals to the monitoring host. The signal acquisition unit acquires signals at dynamic frequency and performs noise reduction through Kalman filtering. The data processing unit performs synchronous correlation analysis on the two signals, distinguishes between valid leakage signals and interference signals according to preset thresholds and judgment rules, and determines the leakage level.

[0020] Location and early warning stage: The location unit calculates the fiber optic mileage corresponding to the abnormal signal based on the laser round-trip time difference of the Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer, and obtains the precise location by matching the coordinate database (error ≤ ±1 meter); the early warning output unit outputs early warning information through multiple channels according to the leakage level to achieve early rapid early warning and continuous early warning.

[0021] Maintenance closed-loop phase: Maintenance personnel perform targeted repairs based on early warning information, avoid repeated alarms through maintenance mode, replace the response module and reset the system after repair, and resume normal monitoring after re-inspection confirms that there are no abnormalities, thus forming a complete control closed loop.

[0022] Beneficial effects: It achieves deep integration of dual signals and intelligent control, solving the core defects of existing technologies: By actively generating temperature rise and strain signals through chemical reaction module and water-expanding module, it gets rid of the dependence on natural temperature difference or active heating. Combined with the phased, dual-signal correlation control logic, it realizes rapid early warning within 1-3 minutes in the early stage of leakage and long-term monitoring for 1-2 days. The sensitivity is significantly improved, and it effectively avoids missed detection.

[0023] Strong anti-interference capability and low false alarm rate: The control method introduces a signal comparison between adjacent pipeline sections, hardware fault diagnosis and dual signal correlation judgment mechanism. Temperature rise and strain signals are generated by specific reactions at fixed interfaces and are independent of environmental factors, resulting in a false alarm rate far lower than that of existing technologies. At the same time, hierarchical early warning control ensures the pertinence and effectiveness of early warning information.

[0024] Precise positioning and simple system: The hardware deployment of "one point, one device" combined with the coordinate binding control of "fiber optic mileage - physical location" ensures a positioning error of ≤ ±1 meter, eliminating the need for complex spatial geometric calculations; the fiber optic cables are laid in a linear parallel manner, making construction simple and reducing material consumption; with the modular triggering device, maintenance can be performed only through the detachable cover plate, eliminating the need for large-scale excavation and reducing the total life cycle cost.

[0025] Complete control loop with strong practicality: From initialization, signal acquisition, judgment, positioning, early warning to maintenance reset and re-inspection, it forms a fully automated control loop, supports dynamic acquisition frequency adjustment, multi-channel early warning output and maintenance mode linkage, and is compatible with various pipeline types such as water supply and drainage, oil transportation, and gas transportation, with a wide range of application scenarios.

[0026] Extremely low energy consumption and excellent economic efficiency: The system only consumes reactive materials when leakage occurs, without the need for continuous power supply for heating, and its operating energy consumption is far lower than that of existing active heating solutions; the reaction module can be easily replaced, further reducing maintenance costs and giving it significant economic advantages. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 is a top view of the buried metal pipe interface leakage monitoring and early warning system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a side view of the buried metal pipe interface leakage monitoring and early warning system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the fiber optic signal triggering device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a side view of the fiber optic signal triggering device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a front view of the fiber optic signal triggering device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is a top view of the fiber optic signal triggering device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is a flowchart of the control method in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the electronic device structure in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this disclosure from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this disclosure, and not all of them. This disclosure can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this disclosure. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments in this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0032] It should be noted that various aspects of embodiments within the scope of the appended claims are described below. It will be apparent that the aspects described herein can be embodied in a wide variety of forms, and any particular structure and / or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on this disclosure, those skilled in the art will understand that one aspect described herein can be implemented independently of any other aspect, and two or more of these aspects can be combined in various ways. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein can be used to implement the device and / or practice the method. Additionally, this device and / or method can be implemented using structures and / or functionalities other than one or more of the aspects set forth herein.

[0033] It should also be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of this disclosure. The drawings only show the components related to this disclosure and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0034] Furthermore, specific details are provided in the following description to facilitate a thorough understanding of the examples. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the described aspects can be practiced without these specific details.

[0035] As shown in Figures 1 to 7, this specification provides a buried metal pipe interface leakage monitoring and early warning system, including a monitoring host 11, an optical fiber signal triggering device 12, and an armored flexible optical fiber 13.

[0036] The fiber optic signal triggering device 12 includes a housing 1, made of stainless steel, with a flanged annular cavity structure, consisting of upper and lower parts. After the pipe interface is engaged, it is fixed by an external connecting flange 4. The connecting flange 4 has bolt holes 5. Nitrile waterproof rubber gaskets are provided at the connection between the annular flange 3 and the pipe 14, and at the connection between the connecting flanges 4. The upper part of the fiber optic signal triggering device 12 is a flanged upper flat and lower round cavity structure. A removable cover plate 6 is provided at the center of the top, and nitrile rubber is inlaid around the edges and fixed by a snap lock 8. Two 1mm thick micro-perforated baffles 9 are welded into the upper cavity to form a chemical reaction module storage cavity 7. The chemical reaction module 16 is filled between the two micro-perforated baffles 9. Two M825 internal thread connectors are welded at a 45° angle to the upper cavity as fiber optic cable clamps 2. M81.25 waterproof fiber optic cable connectors 15 are installed on the internal thread connectors. The lower part of the fiber optic signal triggering device 12 is a semi-circular cavity structure with a flange. A 1515*2mm limiting steel plate 10 is welded to the side wall and outer wall of the lower cavity. The water-swellable module 17 is fixed by the limiting steel plate 10.

[0037] The chemical reaction module 16 includes a high-strength permeable membrane trigger layer and a main reaction layer of anhydrous calcium chloride and slow-release agent composite particles with a purity of ≥95%; the water-swelling module 17 is composed of butyl rubber, epoxidized natural rubber, water-absorbing resin and various additives, and can achieve a 2-fold volume expansion within 24 hours.

[0038] The armored flexible optical fiber 13 is φ3mm, with a single-mode sensing optical fiber as its core. It is wrapped with a stainless steel threaded flexible tube armor layer and a high-performance polymer sheath. It is laid linearly close to the top of the pipe 14. After being wrapped in a U-shape for no less than 1m at the pipe interface, it is passed out. Pigtails are spliced ​​at both ends. One end is connected to the monitoring host 11, and the other end is connected to the terminal box 18.

[0039] The monitoring host 11 has a built-in Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer, which includes signal acquisition, data processing, positioning and early warning output units. It has a pre-stored three-dimensional binding table of "fiber optic mileage - pipeline interface number - actual geographical location" and can output early warning information through network, SMS and audible and visual alarms.

[0040] Based on the control method of the above system, the specific steps are as follows: S1: System Initialization Hardware self-test: After the monitoring host 11 is started, it performs self-tests on the laser emission module, signal acquisition module, etc., checks the continuity of the armored flexible optical fiber 13, and inspects the dry state of the chemical reaction module 16 and the initial state of the water-swelling module 17. Reference value calibration: Temperature and strain data were continuously collected for 30 minutes, and extreme values ​​were removed to obtain T0 and ε0; Coordinate binding: Associate the fiber optic calibration meter length with the pipe interface location and enter the data into the database; Threshold preset: Set T1=T0+5℃, T2=T0+10℃, ε1=ε0+50με, ε2=ε0+100με, and signal duration threshold.

[0041] S2: Signal Acquisition and Preprocessing Under normal operating conditions, temperature signals are acquired once every 15 seconds and strain signals are acquired once every 5 minutes; when the signal deviates from the reference value by ±2℃ or ±20με, the system switches to high-frequency mode. Kalman filtering algorithm is used for noise reduction, and the temperature rise and strain signals of the same interface are aligned on the time axis to establish a three-dimensional data group; after a valid temperature rise signal is detected, the acquisition frequency of the corresponding interface strain signal is increased to 1 time / 2 seconds.

[0042] S3: Abnormal Signal Detection Level 1 warning: T≥T1 and lasts for ≥30 seconds, or ε≥ε1 and lasts for ≥1 hour; Level 2 warning: T≥T2 and lasts for ≥1 minute, or ε≥ε2 and lasts for ≥2 hours, or both signals reach the Level 1 threshold; False alarm elimination: Compare signals from adjacent pipeline sections to eliminate environmental interference; combine hardware self-test results to eliminate equipment malfunctions.

[0043] S4: Precise Positioning Monitoring host 11 calculates the fiber optic mileage corresponding to the abnormal signal by using the laser round-trip time difference; Match the coordinate database to determine the precise location of the leakage interface, with an error of ≤ ±1 meter.

[0044] S5: Tiered Early Warning Output Level 1 Warning: Information is pushed to mobile terminals, and the monitoring center displays a yellow warning. Level 2 warning: triggered simultaneously by mobile terminal push notifications, audible and visual alarms, and work order dispatch from the project management system.

[0045] S6: Maintenance Linkage Control Maintenance mode: Maintenance personnel send a command to pause the warning output of the corresponding interface, while retaining signal acquisition; Module Reset: After replacing the reaction module, recalibrate the reference value to restore normal monitoring; Re-inspection: After resetting, high-frequency monitoring is performed for 1 hour. A qualified report is generated after confirming that there are no abnormalities.

[0046] In this embodiment, the chemical reaction module 16 can be replaced with quicklime, phosphorus pentoxide, or other water-exothermic materials; the water-expanding module 17 can be replaced with an expanding agent; the fiber optic signal triggering device 12 can adopt a full-circle or irregular shape, and the outer shell can be made of disposable plastic material; the fiber optic can adopt a single-end or loop connection; the warning output can be expanded to multiple communication methods to adapt to different application scenarios.

[0047] In one possible implementation, refer to the following: Figure 8 The diagram illustrates a structural schematic of an electronic device 50 suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The electronic devices in the embodiments of the present disclosure may include, but are not limited to, mobile terminals such as mobile phones, laptops, digital broadcast receivers, PDAs (personal digital assistants), PADs (tablet computers), PMPs (portable multimedia players), in-vehicle terminals (e.g., in-vehicle navigation terminals), and fixed terminals such as digital TVs and desktop computers. Figure 8 The electronic device shown is merely an example and should not be construed as limiting the functionality and scope of the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0048] like Figure 8 As shown, electronic device 50 may include a processing unit (e.g., a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, etc.) 501, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in read-only memory (ROM) 502 or a program loaded from storage device 508 into random access memory (RAM) 503. RAM 503 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of electronic device 50. The processing unit 501, ROM 502, and RAM 503 are interconnected via bus 504. Input / output (I / O) interface 505 is also connected to bus 504.

[0049] Typically, the following devices can be connected to I / O interface 505: input devices 506 including, for example, touchscreens, touchpads, keyboards, mice, image sensors, microphones, accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.; output devices 507 including, for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), speakers, vibrators, etc.; storage devices 508 including, for example, magnetic tapes, hard disks, etc.; and communication devices 509. Communication device 509 allows electronic device 50 to communicate wirelessly or wiredly with other devices to exchange data. Although an electronic device 50 with various devices is shown in the figure, it should be understood that it is not required to implement or possess all the devices shown. More or fewer devices may be implemented or possessed alternatively.

[0050] In particular, according to embodiments of this disclosure, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of this disclosure include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via a communication device 509, or installed from a storage device 508, or installed from a ROM 502. When the computer program is executed by the processing device 501, it performs the functions defined in the methods of embodiments of this disclosure.

[0051] It should be noted that the computer-readable medium described in this disclosure can be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium, or any combination thereof. A computer-readable storage medium can be, for example,—but not limited to—an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of a computer-readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In this disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In this disclosure, a computer-readable signal medium can include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying computer-readable program code. Such propagated data signals can take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer-readable signal medium can be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium, which can send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The program code contained on the computer-readable medium can be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to: wires, optical fibers, RF (radio frequency), etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0052] The aforementioned computer-readable medium may be included in the aforementioned electronic device; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the electronic device.

[0053] The aforementioned computer-readable medium carries one or more programs, which, when executed by the electronic device, enable the electronic device to perform the relevant steps of the above-described method embodiments.

[0054] Alternatively, the aforementioned computer-readable medium carries one or more programs, which, when executed by the electronic device, enable the electronic device to perform the relevant steps of the above method embodiments.

[0055] Computer program code for performing the operations of this disclosure can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Smalltalk, and C++, and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving remote computers, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)—or can be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0056] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of this disclosure. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0057] The units described in the embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in software or in hardware.

[0058] It should be understood that the various parts of this disclosure can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof.

[0059] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this disclosure, but the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of this disclosure should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A system for monitoring and early warning of leakage at buried metal pipe joints, characterized in that, It includes a monitoring host, a fiber optic signal triggering device, and an armored flexible fiber optic cable; the fiber optic signal triggering device is installed at the interface of the buried metal pipe, the armored flexible fiber optic cable is laid along the pipe and passes through the fiber optic signal triggering device, and the monitoring host is connected to the armored flexible fiber optic cable. The fiber optic signal triggering device is equipped with a chemical reaction module for reacting with the leaking water to generate a temperature rise signal, and a water-expanding module for reacting with the leaking water to generate a strain signal. The monitoring host has a built-in signal acquisition unit, data processing unit, positioning unit and early warning output unit, which is used to acquire temperature rise signals and / or strain signals through the armored flexible optical fiber, and generate and output leakage early warning information after processing and analysis.

2. The buried metal pipe interface leakage monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber optic signal triggering device is made of stainless steel and has a ring-shaped cavity structure with a flange. It consists of two parts, upper and lower. After the pipe interface is engaged, it is fixed by an external flange. Nitrile waterproof rubber gaskets are provided at the connection between the flange and the pipe and at the connection between the flanges. The upper part of the fiber optic signal triggering device is a flat upper and round lower cavity structure with a flange. A detachable cover plate is provided at the center of the top. The detachable cover plate is fixed by a snap lock. Two micro-perforated baffles are provided in the upper cavity. The chemical reaction module is filled between the two micro-perforated baffles. Two fiber optic tube clamps are provided at an angle of 45° in the upper cavity. The fiber optic tube clamps are locked to the armored flexible optical fiber by a waterproof optical cable connector. The lower part of the fiber optic signal triggering device is a semi-circular cavity structure with a flange, and the water-swellable module is fixed in the lower cavity by a limiting steel plate.

3. The buried metal pipe interface leakage monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chemical reaction module includes a trigger layer composed of a high-strength water-permeable membrane and a main reaction layer composed of anhydrous calcium chloride and slow-release agent composite particles. The main reaction layer is encapsulated within the trigger layer, and the purity of the anhydrous calcium chloride is ≥95%. The water-swellable module comprises butyl rubber, epoxidized natural rubber, water-absorbing resin, as well as crosslinking agents, fillers, reinforcing agents, anti-aging agents and antioxidants. The water-swellable module expands in volume after being soaked in leaked water.

4. The buried metal pipe interface leakage monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring host has a built-in Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer, and the signal acquisition unit includes an ultra-narrow linewidth laser emission module, a pulse modulation and optical amplification unit, and a high-frequency microwave detection and acquisition unit, which are used to dynamically adjust the acquisition frequency and acquire temperature and strain signals. The data processing unit includes a dual-parameter demodulation and signal processing core, which is used to filter, perform correlation analysis, and determine anomalies in the acquired signals. The positioning unit includes a time-domain positioning and intelligent analysis motherboard, which is used to calculate the location of abnormal signals based on the laser round-trip time difference. The early warning output unit includes a data communication and system management interface for outputting tiered early warning information.

5. The buried metal pipe interface leakage monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The armored flexible optical fiber includes a single-mode or multi-mode sensing optical fiber, the sensing optical fiber is wrapped with a stainless steel threaded flexible tube armor layer, and the armor layer is provided with a high-performance polymer sheath. The armored flexible optical fiber enters the device through the optical fiber passing tube clamp of the optical fiber signal triggering device at the pipe interface and is wound in a U-shape for no less than 1m, and then continues to be laid parallel to the pipeline from the other side of the tube clamp.

6. A method for monitoring and early warning control of leakage at the interface of buried metal pipelines based on the system described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: System initialization, completes hardware self-test, environmental baseline calibration, coordinate binding and alarm threshold preset; S2: Signal acquisition and preprocessing: The temperature rise signal generated by the chemical reaction module and the strain signal generated by the water-swelling module are acquired in real time through the armored flexible optical fiber. After filtering, a three-dimensional data set of "time-temperature-strain" is established. S3: Abnormal signal determination, based on preset thresholds and dual-signal correlation rules, distinguishes between valid leakage signals and interference signals, and determines the leakage level; S4: Precise positioning, based on the fiber optic mileage corresponding to the abnormal signal, matches the coordinate database to determine the physical location of the leakage interface; S5: Tiered early warning output, outputting early warning information through multiple channels according to the leakage level; S6: Maintenance linkage control, supporting maintenance mode switching, module reset and system retest.

7. The method for monitoring and early warning control of leakage at buried metal pipe interfaces according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S1, the hardware self-test includes the inspection of the status of each module of the monitoring host, the continuity of the armored flexible optical fiber, and the module status of the optical fiber signal triggering device. The environmental reference values ​​were calibrated by continuously collecting temperature and strain values ​​over 30 minutes, removing extreme values, and taking the average value as the environmental temperature reference value T0 and the initial strain reference value ε0. Coordinate binding involves creating a three-dimensional binding table that represents "fiber optic mileage - pipeline interface number - actual geographical location"; The preset alarm thresholds include a first-level temperature rise warning threshold T1=T0+5℃, a second-level warning threshold T2=T0+10℃, a first-level strain warning threshold ε1=ε0+50με, a second-level strain warning threshold ε2=ε0+100με, and a signal duration threshold: a temperature rise signal lasting ≥30 seconds or a strain signal lasting ≥1 hour is considered a valid signal.

8. The method for monitoring and early warning control of leakage at buried metal pipe interfaces according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S2, the signal acquisition frequency is dynamically adjusted: under normal operating conditions, the temperature signal acquisition frequency is 1 time / 15 seconds and the strain signal is 1 time / 5 minutes; when the signal deviates from the reference value by ±2℃ or ±20με, it switches to high-frequency acquisition mode, with the temperature signal acquiring 1 time / 2 seconds and the strain signal acquiring 1 time / 1 minute. Signal preprocessing uses the Kalman filter algorithm to remove high-frequency noise. The dual-signal synchronization correlation is to align the temperature rise signal and strain signal of the same pipe interface on the time axis. If a valid temperature rise signal is detected, the sampling frequency of the strain signal of the corresponding interface is increased to 1 time / 30 seconds.

9. The method for monitoring and early warning control of leakage at buried metal pipe interfaces according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the rule for determining abnormal signals is as follows: Level 1 leakage warning: The temperature rise signal reaches T1 and lasts for ≥30 seconds, or the strain signal reaches ε1 and lasts for ≥1 hour; Level 2 leakage warning: The temperature rise signal reaches T2 and lasts for ≥1 minute, or the strain signal reaches ε2 and lasts for ≥2 hours, or the temperature rise and strain signal simultaneously reach the Level 1 threshold. False alarm elimination includes comparing signals from adjacent pipeline sections to rule out environmental interference and combining hardware self-test results to rule out equipment malfunctions.

10. The method for monitoring and early warning control of leakage at buried metal pipe interfaces according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S5, a Level 1 warning is sent via SMS / APP to a mobile terminal, and a yellow warning is displayed in the monitoring center; a Level 2 warning simultaneously triggers mobile terminal push notifications, audible and visual alarms in the monitoring center, and maintenance dispatch orders in the engineering management system. In step S6, the corresponding interface warning output is paused in maintenance mode but signal acquisition is retained. After the module is reset, the reference value is recalibrated. In the re-inspection stage, high-frequency monitoring is performed for 1 hour. After confirming that there are no abnormalities, a qualified report is generated.

Images