Method for testing mechanical load of test piece

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for testing the mechanical load of a test piece, belongs to the technical field of mechanical property testing, and is used for solving one of the problems that the accuracy and authenticity of test data are reduced, test procedures are increased and the test cost is increased by fixing the test piece in a punching mode in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: 1, inserting the upper part of a test piece into an upper clamping seat, and inserting the lower part of the test piece into a lower clamping seat; 2, the upper force application end of the mechanical load testing device applies upward acting force to the upper portion of the test piece through the upper clamping seat, the lower force application end of the mechanical load testing device applies downward acting force to the lower portion of the test piece through the lower clamping seat, and the high-temperature mechanical property test of the test piece is completed. According to the test method for the mechanical load of the test piece, on the basis of not damaging the test piece, the control accuracy of the stress direction of the test piece is improved, the tensile load uniformly acts on the effective test section of the test piece, and the test authenticity is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mechanical performance testing technology, and in particular to a method for testing the mechanical load on a test specimen. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of extreme environment equipment, the test specimen has become a core structural material due to its excellent high-temperature mechanical stability. To ensure the safety and reliability of this material in actual service, the verification of its mechanical properties under high-temperature conditions is indispensable—the relevant test data is the core basis for the subsequent development and optimization of composite material machining processes.

[0003] Current mainstream high-temperature mechanical property testing equipment and corresponding testing procedures are all designed around the characteristics of metallic materials. The standard testing mode involves drilling holes in the sample surface, inserting metal pins to complete the clamping, and then conducting high-temperature tensile tests. However, when applying this approach to multiphase fiber-reinforced phenolic resin-based composite materials, several technical adaptation bottlenecks are unavoidable: Firstly, this composite material uses a sandwich interwoven structure, and drilling directly severs the continuity of the fiber weave, causing irreversible damage to the original structure, resulting in inherent defects in the sample before testing, making it impossible to objectively reflect its intrinsic high-temperature mechanical properties; secondly, the drilling and metal pin assembly creates strong stress accumulation around the hole, causing the sample to often fracture and fail first in this non-core testing area during the test loading, making it difficult to capture the true mechanical parameters of the target testing area. In addition, the localized contact pattern between the metal pin and the hole wall fails to uniformly transfer the test load to the entire sample, causing stress imbalance. This results in a significant deviation between the stress distribution during high-temperature tensile testing and actual service scenarios, directly affecting data accuracy. Furthermore, in a high-temperature vacuum testing environment, the difference in thermal expansion between the metal pin and the composite material hole wall further exacerbates the uneven stress at the hole, potentially leading to loosening of the clamping mechanism, additional shear stress, and even inducing interfacial physicochemical changes, all of which interfere with the reliability of the test results. To address these issues, this invention proposes a non-destructive clamping method for testing mechanical loads. Therefore, how to provide a mechanical performance testing method that simulates the real mechanical response under actual working conditions without breaking the test specimen is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a test method for mechanical load on test specimens, which solves one of the technical problems in the prior art caused by mechanical performance distortion, stress concentration leading to premature fracture, and unstable clamping under high temperature conditions when mechanical testing of test specimens is performed by destructive testing.

[0005] This invention provides a method for testing the mechanical load on a test specimen, which includes the following steps: Step 1: Insert the upper part of the test piece into the first clamping member and the lower part of the test piece into the lower clamping seat; Step 2: The upper force-applying end of the mechanical load testing device applies an upward force to the upper part of the test piece via the upper clamp, and the lower force-applying end of the mechanical load testing device applies a downward force to the lower part of the test piece via the lower clamp, thus completing the high-temperature mechanical property test of the test piece.

[0006] Furthermore, in step one, the test piece is inserted into the upper mounting end of the upper clamp.

[0007] Furthermore, in step one, after the test piece is inserted into the upper mounting end, the test piece is fixed to the upper clamp by the locking fastener.

[0008] Furthermore, in step one, the test piece is inserted into the lower mounting end of the lower clamp.

[0009] Furthermore, in step one, after the test piece is inserted into the lower mounting end, the test piece is fixed to the lower clamp by the lower locking fastener.

[0010] Furthermore, in step two, the upper force-applying end of the test device applies an upward tensile force to the upper part of the test piece fixed in the upper clamp through the upper connector.

[0011] Furthermore, in step two, the lower force-applying end of the test device applies a downward tensile force to the lower part of the test piece fixed in the lower clamp through the lower connector.

[0012] Furthermore, between step one and step two, the test piece with the locking fastener fixed is observed through the upper viewing window.

[0013] Furthermore, between step one and step two, the condition of the test piece being fixed by the lower locking fastener is observed through the lower viewing window.

[0014] Furthermore, prior to step one, the method includes installing a main coupling block on the upper part of the test piece and a secondary coupling block on the lower part of the test piece.

[0015] The present invention also provides a mechanical load testing device for a test piece, which uses the above-described testing method to perform mechanical load testing on the test piece.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects: (1) The test method for mechanical load of test specimen described in this invention, wherein the upper and lower parts of the test specimen are respectively inserted into the upper clamp and the lower clamp, and the test step of applying the reverse force at the force application end of the subsequent mechanical load test device, realizes stable clamping and uniform force on both ends of the test specimen, reduces the probability of stress concentration caused by traditional single-end loading, and significantly reduces the test error caused by clamping looseness under high temperature environment, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of mechanical performance testing.

[0017] (2) The test method for mechanical load of test specimens described in this invention, when the test specimen is inserted into the predetermined position of the upper clamp and the test specimen is inserted into the predetermined position of the lower clamp, the upper locking fastener 22 fastens the test specimen to the upper clamp and the lower locking fastener fastens the test specimen to the lower clamp. Combined with the real-time confirmation of the clamping state by the upper and lower windows, the positioning accuracy and connection stability of the test specimen before high temperature testing are improved, and the micro-displacement phenomenon under thermal expansion interference is further suppressed, making the test data more repeatable and of greater engineering application value.

[0018] (3) The test method for mechanical load of a test piece according to the present invention involves simultaneously starting the drive assembly when the upper part of the test piece is inserted into the upper mounting end of the upper clamp. The drive assembly retracts the locking fastener into the upper clamp. After the test piece is fully in place, the drive assembly automatically releases the locking fastener to fix the upper part of the test piece. The drive assembly of the lower clamp operates synchronously. When the lower part of the test piece enters the lower mounting end of the lower clamp, the drive assembly drives the lower locking fastener to automatically retract. After the test piece is in place, the fastener is released and quickly locks and fixes the lower part, realizing the linkage control of the upper and lower clamping actions, which greatly improves the clamping efficiency and consistency. The entire process does not require manual intervention, and the clamping position and force are highly consistent each time, reducing human error and meeting the stringent requirements of repeatability and stability for high-temperature mechanical tests.

[0019] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained from what is particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts. Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the test method for mechanical load on the test specimen as described in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical load testing device in Example 2; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the drive assembly and sub-coupler block in Example 2; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the upper clamp in Example 2; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lower clamp in Example 2; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the locking fastener in Example 2; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the lower locking fastener in Example 2; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the main coupling block in Example 2.

[0021] Figure label: 1-Test piece; 2-Upper clamp, 21-Upper mounting end, 22-Upper locking fastener, 221-Upper snap-fit ​​connector, 222-Upper horizontal plate, 223-Upper vertical plate, 224-Upper movable block, 23-Upper viewing window, 24-Upper storage slot, 25-Upper fixing slot, 26-Upper bearing slot, 27-Upper movable slot; 3-Lower clamp, 31-Lower mounting end, 32-Lower locking fastener, 321-Lower snap-fit ​​connector, 322-Lower horizontal plate, 323-Lower vertical plate, 324-Lower movable block, 33-Lower viewing window; 34-Lower storage slot, 35-Lower fixing slot, 36-Lower bearing slot, 37-Lower movable slot; 4-Upper connecting piece; 5-Lower connecting part; 6-Drive assembly, 61-Longitudinal drive, 611-Left wheel, 612-Left shaft, 613-Right wheel, 614-Right shaft, 615-Middle wheel, 616-Third rotating shaft, 617-Synchronous belt, 618-Main umbrella wheel, 62-Transverse drive; 621-Fourth rotating shaft, 622-Secondary umbrella wheel, 623-Moving part, 624-Reset part; 7-Main coupling block, 71-Main slot, 72-Main damping part, 73-Main limiting block, 74-Main gear rail; 8-Secondary coupling block, 81-Secondary slot, 82-Secondary damping part, 83-Secondary limiting block, 84-Secondary gear rail. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1 To address one of the problems in existing technologies where drilling is required to fix the test piece 1, resulting in damage to the structural integrity of the test piece 1, poor clamping stability, and inaccurate test data under high-temperature conditions, this invention provides a method for testing the mechanical load of the test piece 1. By designing a non-destructive clamping mechanism for the test piece 1, the actual working conditions under high-temperature conditions are simulated, effectively improving clamping stability and testing accuracy.

[0024] This invention provides a method for testing the mechanical load on test specimen 1, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: Step 1: Insert the upper part of test piece 1 into upper clamp 2 and the lower part of test piece 1 into lower clamp 3; Step 2: The upper force-applying end of the mechanical load testing device applies an upward force to the upper part of the test piece 1 through the upper clamp 2, and the lower force-applying end of the mechanical load testing device applies a downward force to the lower part of the test piece 1 through the lower clamp 3, thus completing the high-temperature mechanical property test of the test piece 1.

[0025] The method for testing the mechanical load of test specimen 1 described in this embodiment involves inserting the upper clamp 2 and lower clamp 3 into the upper and lower parts of test specimen 1 respectively, and then applying a reverse force to the force-applying end of the subsequent mechanical load testing device. This achieves stable clamping and uniform force application to both ends of test specimen 1, effectively reducing the probability of stress concentration problems caused by traditional single-end loading, and significantly reducing testing errors caused by loose clamping under high-temperature conditions, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of mechanical performance testing.

[0026] Furthermore, in step one, the test piece 1 is inserted into the upper mounting end 21 of the upper clamp 2. This assembly method of inserting the test piece 1 into the upper mounting end 21 of the upper clamp 2 enables rapid positioning of the upper part of the test piece 1, ensuring the coaxiality of the test piece 1 and the upper clamp 2, reducing the probability of force direction deviation due to assembly deviations, and laying the foundation for the accuracy of subsequent load testing. Moreover, the open structure facilitates the rapid assembly and disassembly of the test piece 1, improving testing efficiency.

[0027] Furthermore, in step one, after the test piece 1 is inserted into the upper mounting end 21, the test piece 1 is fixed to the upper clamp 2 by the locking fastener 22. The locking fastener 22 provides secondary fixation to the test piece 1 inserted into the upper mounting end 21, further enhancing the connection between the upper part of the test piece 1 and the upper clamp 2. This effectively resists the risk of loosening caused by upward forces during the test, reduces the probability of the test piece 1 slipping or uneven force due to insecure clamping, and ensures the safety of the test process and the stability of the test data.

[0028] Furthermore, in step one, the test piece 1 is inserted into the lower mounting end 31 of the lower clamp 3. This design, where the test piece 1 is inserted into the lower mounting end 31 of the lower clamp 3, forms a symmetrical positioning structure with the upper mounting end 21. This ensures the coaxiality of the overall assembly of the test piece 1, allowing for a uniform load distribution during subsequent bidirectional force application and reducing the probability of localized stress concentration. Simultaneously, it simplifies the assembly process of the lower part of the test piece 1, facilitating rapid completion of clamping preparation.

[0029] Furthermore, in step one, after the test piece 1 is inserted into the lower mounting end 31, it is fixed to the lower clamp 3 by the lower locking fastener 32. The lower locking fastener 32 strengthens the connection between the lower part of the test piece 1 and the lower clamp 3, forming a double-fixed guarantee with the upper locking fastener 22. This effectively copes with the downward tensile force during the test, prevents the lower part of the test piece 1 from slipping off, and ensures the stability of the bidirectional tensile test. At the same time, it can reduce the test error caused by the clamping gap and improve the accuracy of the test data.

[0030] Furthermore, in step two, the upper force-applying end of the testing device applies an upward tensile force to the upper part of the test piece 1 fixed in the upper clamp 2 through the upper connector 4. The upper connector 4 enables force transmission between the upper force-applying end and the upper clamp 2, effectively dispersing concentrated stress at the force-applying end and preventing direct force application to the clamping components, thus avoiding localized damage. Simultaneously, the connector ensures stable force transmission, with the upward tensile force evenly applied to the upper part of the test piece 1, reducing test data deviations caused by fluctuations in force transmission.

[0031] Furthermore, in step two, the lower force-applying end of the testing device applies a downward tensile force to the lower part of the test piece 1 fixed in the lower clamp 3 via the lower connector 5. By transmitting the downward tensile force from the lower force-applying end through the lower connector 5, buffering and smooth transition of the lower force transmission can be achieved, reducing rigid impact between the lower force-applying end and the lower clamp 3, protecting the clamping components and the test piece 1; simultaneously, it ensures the synergy of the upper and lower tensile forces, making the axial load on the test piece 1 more uniform, and improving the reliability of the high-temperature mechanical property test results.

[0032] Furthermore, between step one and step two, the test piece 1 in the upper clamp 2 is observed through the upper viewing window 23.

[0033] Furthermore, between step one and step two, the test piece 1 in the lower clamp 3 is observed through the lower viewing window 33.

[0034] Furthermore, prior to step one, the method includes installing a main coupling block 7 on the upper part of the test piece 1 and a secondary coupling block on the lower part of the test piece 1.

[0035] Example 2 Furthermore, in order to address the problem of how to use the mechanical load testing method described in Embodiment 1, this embodiment further provides a mechanical load testing device. At the same time, the testing device described in this embodiment further addresses the matching problem between the test piece 1 and the testing device, that is, the communication and cooperation problem between the upper locking fastener 22 and the lower locking fastener 32 and the test piece 1 during the insertion process of the test piece 1 into the upper mounting end 21 of the upper clamp 2 and the lower mounting end 31 of the lower clamp 3, and how to improve the fixed cooperation between the upper clamp 2 and the lower clamp 3 and the test piece 1.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, it includes an upper clamp 2, a lower clamp 3, an upper connector 4, and a lower connector 5. The upper clamp 2 includes an upper mounting end 21, an upper locking fastener 22, and an upper viewing window 23; the lower clamp 3 includes a lower mounting end 31, a lower locking fastener 32, and a lower viewing window 33. The upper clamp 2 is used to clamp the upper part of the test piece 1 and is located at the upper force-applying end of the test device; the lower clamp 3 is used to clamp the lower part of the test piece 1 and is located at the lower force-applying end of the test device; wherein, the upper force-applying end of the test device applies an upward force to the upper part of the test piece 1 through the upper clamp 2, and the lower force-applying end of the test device applies a downward force to the lower part of the test piece 1 through the lower clamp 3, thereby completing the mechanical property test of the test piece 1.

[0037] The mechanical load testing device for the test piece described in this embodiment effectively simulates the stress state under actual working conditions by applying force synchronously through the upper and lower clamping parts, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the test data. In high-temperature environments, the clamping structure exhibits good thermal stability, reducing the probability of clamping failure due to thermal expansion. Simultaneously, all connecting parts are made of high-temperature resistant alloy materials, enhancing the overall durability and safety of the fixture, making it suitable for long-term high-temperature mechanical testing scenarios. By setting up upper and lower clamping seats 2 and 3, which are separate, the upper and lower parts of the test piece 1 are clamped respectively, and a reverse force is applied through the force-applying end of the testing device. This eliminates the need for the traditional perforation and pin-insertion clamping method used in metal material testing, adapting to the sandwich braided structure of multiphase fiber-reinforced phenolic resin matrix composites. This reduces the damage to the fiber braided layer caused by perforation, while simultaneously achieving precise control of the force direction on the test piece 1. The tensile load is evenly applied to the effective test section of the test piece 1, preventing premature damage to non-effective areas and significantly improving the reliability and accuracy of the high-temperature mechanical property test results.

[0038] The upper locking fastener 22 provides secondary fixation to the upper part of the test piece 1 inserted into the upper clamp 2, enhancing the clamping stability and preventing displacement or slippage of the test piece 1 due to thermal expansion and contraction or load during high-temperature testing. Furthermore, by adjusting the locking force of the fastener, it reduces localized pressure damage to the composite material test piece 1 caused by excessive clamping, ensuring uniform stress on the upper part of the test piece 1 and further guaranteeing the validity of the test results. The lower locking fastener 32 reinforces the lower part of the test piece 1 inserted into the lower clamp 3, forming a coordinated upper and lower fixing system with the upper locking fastener 22. This improves the clamping stability of the test piece 1 under high-temperature and high-load testing environments, preventing displacement due to stress or thermal deformation. Simultaneously, the lower fixing force can be flexibly adjusted to balance the clamping stress on the lower part of the test piece 1, reducing damage to ineffective areas caused by localized stress concentration and ensuring the smooth conduct of the test.

[0039] Furthermore, how to improve the fixing fit between the upper clamp 2 and the lower clamp 3 and the test piece 1. Further, such as... Figure 3As shown, this embodiment also includes a main coupling block 7, a secondary coupling block 8, and a drive assembly 6.

[0040] Correspondingly, such as Figure 4 As shown, the upper clamp 2 is provided with an upper storage groove 24, an upper fixing groove 25, an upper bearing groove 26 and an upper movable groove 27. The upper storage groove 24 is used to set the upper locking fastener 22, the upper fixing groove 25 is used to set the drive assembly 6, and the upper bearing groove 26 is horizontally opened on the upper clamp 2. When the test piece 1 is set on the upper mounting end 21 of the upper clamp 2, the main coupling block 7 is matched and locked into the upper bearing groove 26.

[0041] like Figure 5 As shown, the lower clamp 3 is provided with a lower receiving groove 34, a lower fixing groove 35, a lower bearing groove 36 and a lower movable groove 37. The lower receiving groove 34 is used to set the lower locking fastener 32, the lower fixing groove 35 is used to set the drive assembly 6, and the lower bearing groove 36 is horizontally opened on the lower clamp 3. When the test piece 1 is set to the lower mounting end 31 of the lower clamp 3, the sub-coupling block 8 is matched and locked into the lower bearing groove 36.

[0042] Two drive assemblies 6 are provided on the upper clamp 2, and each of the two drive assemblies 6 is provided with a locking fastener 22. The two locking fasteners 22 clamp and fix the upper part of the test piece 1 from both sides. Two drive assemblies 6 are provided on the lower clamp 3, and each of the two drive assemblies 6 is provided with a lower locking fastener 32. The two lower locking fasteners 32 clamp and fix the lower part of the test piece 1 from both sides.

[0043] The main coupling block 7 is detachably mounted on the upper part of the test piece 1, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the main coupling block 7 includes a main groove 71, a main damping element 72, a main limiting block 73, and a main gear rail 74. The main damping element 72 is disposed between the inner wall of one end of the main groove 71 and the main limiting block 73. The upper part of the test piece 1 is inserted between the inner wall of the other end of the main groove 71 and the main limiting block 73. When the upper part of the test piece 1 is inserted into the main groove 71, the main damping element 72 provides a thrust to the main limiting block 73, and the main limiting block 73 provides a force to the upper part of the test piece 1. At the same time, the main damping element 72 can be compressed, and the upper part of the test piece 1 can compress the main damping element 72 through the main limiting block 73. Under the action of external force, the upper part of the test piece 1 can move within the main groove 71. The main gear rail 74 is disposed on the outer wall of the main coupling block 7.

[0044] The secondary coupling block 8 is detachably disposed at the lower part of the test piece 1. The secondary coupling block 8 includes a secondary groove 81, a secondary damping element 82, a secondary limiting block 83, and a secondary gear rail 84. The secondary damping element 82 is disposed between the inner wall of one end of the secondary groove 81 and the secondary limiting block 83. The upper part of the test piece 1 is inserted between the inner wall of the other end of the secondary groove 81 and the secondary limiting block 83. When the lower part of the test piece 1 is inserted into the secondary groove 81, the secondary damping element 82 provides a thrust to the secondary limiting block 83, and the secondary limiting block 83 provides a force to the upper part of the test piece 1. Simultaneously, the secondary damping element 82 is compressible; the upper part of the test piece 1 can compress the secondary damping element 82 through the secondary limiting block 83. Under the action of external force, the lower part of the test piece 1 can move within the secondary groove 81. The secondary gear rail 84 is disposed on the outer wall of the secondary coupling block 8.

[0045] The function of the drive assembly 6 is to ensure that the upper locking fastener 22 and the lower locking fastener 32 do not interfere with the insertion process of the test piece 1 when it is inserted. After the test piece 1 is inserted into place, the upper locking fastener 22 and the lower locking fastener 32 are released, and the upper locking fastener 22 and the lower locking fastener 32 are used to lock the test piece 1.

[0046] There are multiple drive assemblies 6, with a total of 4 drive assemblies 6. Two drive assemblies 6 are mounted on the upper clamping seat 2, and two transmission mechanisms drive the upper locking fasteners 22 from the front and rear ends of the test piece 1 toward the test piece 1, respectively. The function of the two transmission mechanisms is to clamp and fix the upper part of the test piece 1 with the two upper locking fasteners 22. The other two drive assemblies 6 are mounted on the lower clamping seat 3, and two transmission mechanisms drive the lower locking fasteners 32 from the front and rear ends of the test piece 1 toward the test piece 1, respectively. The function of the two transmission mechanisms is to clamp and fix the lower part of the test piece 1 with the two lower locking fasteners 32. The drive assembly 6 includes a longitudinal drive 61 and a transverse drive 62. When the test piece 1 is placed on the upper mounting end 21 of the upper clamp 2, the rack on the main coupling block 7 drives the longitudinal drive 61 to move, and the longitudinal drive 61 drives the transverse drive 62 assembly to rotate. The locking fastener 22 can be movably set on the transverse drive 62. As the transverse drive 62 rotates, the locking fastener 22 moves out from the upper storage groove 24 and locks the upper part of the test piece 1.

[0047] Furthermore, the longitudinal drive 61 includes a left wheel 611, a left shaft 612, a right wheel 613, a right shaft 614, a middle wheel 615, a middle shaft 616, a timing belt 617, and a main umbrella-shaped pulley 618; the left wheel 611 is rotatably mounted in the upper bearing groove 26 via the left shaft 612, the right wheel 613 is rotatably mounted in the upper bearing groove 26 via the right shaft 614, the middle wheel 615 is mounted on the middle shaft 616, and the middle shaft 616 is located between the left wheel 611 and the right wheel 613; the timing belt 617 is mounted on the left shaft 612, the right shaft 614, and the middle wheel 615, the left shaft 612 or the right shaft 614 drives the timing belt 617 to rotate, and the timing belt 617 drives the middle wheel 615 to rotate. When test piece 1 is inserted into the upper mounting end 21 of the upper clamp 2, the main gear 74 of the main coupling block 7 on the upper part of test piece 1 drives the left wheel 611 or the right wheel 613 to rotate, which in turn drives the left shaft 612 or the right shaft 614 to rotate. The right shaft 614 drives the synchronous belt 617 to rotate, which in turn drives the intermediate wheel 615 to rotate. The intermediate wheel 615 drives the intermediate shaft 616 to rotate. The main umbrella wheel 618 is located on the upper part of the intermediate shaft 616. The main umbrella wheel 618 meshes with the transverse drive 62, which drives the transverse drive 62 to rotate, thereby driving the locking fastener 22 to extend smoothly from the upper receiving slot 24 and locking the upper part of test piece 1 into the locking fastener 22.

[0048] Further, the lateral drive 62 includes a fourth rotating shaft 621, a secondary umbrella-shaped wheel 622, a moving member 623, and a reset member 624; the upper locking fastener 22 and the lower locking fastener 32 are respectively disposed on the moving member 623, the secondary umbrella-shaped wheel 622 is disposed at one end of the fourth rotating shaft 621, the secondary umbrella-shaped wheel 622 meshes with the main umbrella-shaped wheel 618, the main umbrella-shaped wheel 618 drives the secondary umbrella-shaped wheel 622 to rotate, and the secondary umbrella-shaped wheel 622 drives the fourth rotating shaft 621 to rotate; the moving member 623 is disposed on the fourth rotating shaft 621, and a first sliding groove is provided on the fourth rotating shaft 621, the moving member 623 slides in the first sliding groove, the first sliding groove includes a first sub-groove and a second sub-groove, the first sub-groove is a spiral groove, the second sub-groove is a straight groove, and the two ends of the second sub-groove are connected to the two ends of the first sub-groove; the reset member 624 is disposed between the moving member 623 and the upper receiving groove 24, the reset member 624 is an elastic member, and the reset member 624 provides reset power for the moving member 623. When the fourth rotating shaft 621 rotates, the moving part 623 moves backward along the first sub-slot. The moving part 623 drives the locking fastener 22 to retract into the upper storage slot 24. When the test piece 1 moves to the test position, the moving part 623 enters the second sub-slot. Under the action of the spring, the moving part 623 quickly pops out along the second sub-slot. The locking fastener 22 locks the flange on the upper part of the test piece 1 and fixes it stably.

[0049] After the mechanical test is completed, the main coupling block 7 is pulled along the insertion direction of the test piece 1. The main gear rail 74 drives the left wheel 611 or the right wheel 613 to rotate in the forward direction, which in turn drives the intermediate wheel 615, intermediate shaft 616, main umbrella wheel 618, auxiliary umbrella wheel 622 and fourth rotating shaft 621 to rotate in sequence. The moving part 623 then enters the first sub-slot. The moving part 623 drives the locking fastener 22 to retract, while compressing the main damping part 72. The locking fastener 22 retracts into the upper storage slot 24. Throughout the process, there is relative movement between the test piece 1 and the main coupling block 7. When the main coupling block 7 is pulled outward, the locking fastener 22 is still stuck on the outside of the upper part of the test piece 1. The upper part of the test piece 1 pushes the main limiting block 73 to compress the main damping component 72, and the test piece 1 remains in its original position. When the main coupling block 7 is pulled outward, the locking fastener 22 is completely retracted into the upper receiving groove 24. At this time, the flange on the upper part of the test piece 1 is disengaged from the stuck state, and the test piece 1 can be smoothly removed under the action of external force. Pulling the secondary coupling block 8 causes the secondary gear rail 84 to rotate the left wheel 611 or the right wheel 613 in the forward direction, which in turn drives the intermediate wheel 615, intermediate shaft 616, main umbrella wheel 618, secondary umbrella wheel 622 and fourth rotating shaft 621 to rotate in sequence. The moving part 623 drives the lower locking fastener 32 to move backward, while compressing the secondary damping part 82. The lower locking fastener 32 retracts into the lower receiving groove 34. During the whole process, there is relative movement between the test piece 1 and the secondary coupling block 8. When the secondary coupling block 8 is pulled outward, the lower locking fastener 32 is still stuck on the outside of the lower part of the test piece 1. The lower part of the test piece 1 pushes the secondary limit block 83 to compress the secondary damping part 82, and the test piece 1 remains in the original position. When the secondary coupling block 8 is pulled outward, the lower locking fastener 32 is completely retracted into the lower receiving groove 34. At this time, the flange at the lower part of the test piece 1 is disengaged from the stuck state, and the test piece 1 can be easily removed under the action of external force.

[0050] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the upper locking component 22 includes an upper latching member 221, an upper horizontal plate 222, an upper vertical plate 223, and an upper movable block 224. The upper locking component 22 is mounted on the movable component 623. The upper horizontal plate 222 is fixed to the upper vertical plate 223. The upper movable blocks 224 are provided at both ends of the upper vertical plate 223 and can slide in the upper movable groove 27. The lower locking component 32 includes a lower latching member 321, a lower horizontal plate 322, a lower vertical plate 323, and a lower movable block 324. The lower movable block 324 is mounted on the movable component 623. The lower horizontal plate 322 is fixed to the lower vertical plate 323. The lower movable blocks 324 are provided at both ends of the lower vertical plate 323 and can slide in the lower movable groove 37.

[0051] In this embodiment, the main gear 74 and the secondary gear 84 on the main coupling block 7 and the secondary coupling block 8 drive the longitudinal drive 61 when the test piece 1 is inserted into the upper mounting end 21 of the upper clamp 2 and the lower mounting end 31 of the lower clamp 3. This drives the fourth rotating shaft 621 via bevel gear meshing, causing the upper locking fastener 22 and the lower locking fastener 32 to retract along the spiral groove into the upper and lower receiving grooves 24 and 34 during insertion. When the test piece 1 reaches the preset position, the moving part 623 enters the straight groove and quickly pops out under the action of the reset part 624, driving the upper locking fastener 22 and the lower locking fastener 32 to automatically clamp the flange of the test piece 1, achieving an automated operation of "unobstructed insertion and locking upon positioning," significantly improving clamping efficiency. Simultaneously, the two sets of drive assemblies 6 and fixing parts on the upper and lower clamping parts form a four-point bidirectional synchronous constraint from both ends of the test piece 1, effectively preventing deflection or slippage during testing and greatly enhancing clamping rigidity and testing reliability. The drive assembly 6 is integrated into each groove, featuring a compact structure. It utilizes a spring mechanism to achieve mechanical self-locking, ensuring a secure fixation, through the conversion between spiral and straight grooves. During component removal, the drive assembly 6 is driven in opposite directions by pulling the main coupling block 7 and the secondary coupling block 8, causing the fixing component to retract smoothly. The test piece 1 experiences buffered displacement by compressing the main damping component 72 and the secondary damping component 82, achieving non-destructive disassembly and protecting the precision test piece. Furthermore, the elastic support structure within the mating components absorbs dimensional tolerances and assists in alignment. By replacing the mating components, different specifications of test pieces 1 can be accommodated, improving the equipment's versatility. The entire process is automatically triggered by the test piece insertion and removal action, requiring no manual intervention on the fixing components, eliminating misoperation, and ensuring operational safety and consistency.

[0052] In summary, this invention achieves automation, reliability, and non-destructive operation of the entire process of inserting, fixing, and releasing the test piece 1, and is particularly suitable for high-precision and high-efficiency mechanical testing requirements.

[0053] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for testing the mechanical load on a test specimen, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Insert the upper part of the test piece (1) into the upper clamp (2) and the lower part of the test piece (1) into the lower clamp (3). Step 2: The upper force-applying end of the mechanical load testing device applies an upward force to the upper part of the test piece (1) through the upper clamp (2), and the lower force-applying end of the mechanical load testing device applies a downward force to the lower part of the test piece (1) through the lower clamp (3), thus completing the high-temperature mechanical property test of the test piece (1).

2. The method for testing the mechanical load on the test specimen according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the test piece (1) is inserted into the upper mounting end (21) of the upper clamp (2).

3. The method for testing the mechanical load on the test specimen according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step one, after the test piece (1) is inserted into the upper mounting end (21), the test piece (1) is fixed to the upper clamp (2) by the locking fastener (22).

4. The method for testing the mechanical load on the test specimen according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the test piece (1) is inserted into the lower mounting end (31) of the lower clamp (3).

5. The method for testing the mechanical load on the test specimen according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step one, after the test piece (1) is inserted into the lower mounting end (31), the test piece (1) is fixed to the lower clamp (3) by the lower locking fastener (32).

6. The method for testing the mechanical load on a test specimen according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the upper force-applying end of the test device applies an upward tensile force to the upper part of the test piece (1) fixed in the upper clamp (2) through the upper connector (4).

7. The method for testing the mechanical load on a test specimen according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step two, the lower force-applying end of the test device applies a downward tensile force to the lower part of the test piece (1) fixed in the lower clamp (3) through the lower connector (5).

8. The method for testing the mechanical load on a test specimen according to claim 1, characterized in that, Between step one and step two, the test piece (1) with the locking fastener (22) fixed is observed through the upper window (23).

9. The method for testing the mechanical load on a test specimen according to claim 1, characterized in that, Between step one and step two, the test piece (1) is observed through the lower window (33) while the lower locking fastener (32) is fixed.

10. A mechanical load testing device for a test piece, characterized in that, The test specimen (1) was subjected to mechanical load testing using the test method described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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