Flaw detection device and flaw detection method

Abstract

The invention discloses a flaw detection device and a flaw detection method. The flaw detection device comprises a ray exposure head, a protective mounting assembly and a ray generator. The ray exposure head extends along a first direction, and the ray exposure head is configured to extend into the barrel through a heat exchange hole of a tube plate of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger and output rays into the barrel; the protective mounting assembly is connected with the ray exposure head, the protective mounting assembly and the ray exposure head are correspondingly arranged in the second direction, the protective mounting assembly is configured to be arranged outside the barrel, the protective mounting assembly and the peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger jointly abut against the film, and the protective mounting assembly is further configured to be capable of shielding rays; the ray generator is connected with the ray exposure head, and the ray generator is configured to be capable of generating rays and transmitting the rays to the ray exposure head; the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. According to the flaw detection device, the ray exposure head can be arranged from the outside of the barrel to the inside of the barrel through the heat exchange holes, so that a welding seam can be effectively detected through rays.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of non-destructive testing of shell and tube heat exchangers, and in particular to a flaw detection device and a flaw detection method. Background Technology

[0002] Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are widely used in various industries such as chemical, energy, refrigeration, and metallurgy. They enable efficient heat transfer from high-temperature to low-temperature fluids without mixing multiple fluids, meeting the needs of process heating, cooling, and waste heat recovery. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger consists of a shell, tube bundles, tube sheets, and other components. The tube sheet is welded to the end of the shell and has heat exchange holes through which the tube bundles are installed.

[0003] However, the circumferential welding process of the shell and tube heat exchanger is in the later stage of assembly. The internal components of the shell and tube will restrict the placement of the X-ray inspection equipment, making it difficult for the existing X-ray inspection technology to effectively inspect the weld. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to at least address the problem that existing radiographic inspection techniques are insufficient for effectively inspecting welds. This purpose is achieved through the following means: The first aspect of this application discloses a flaw detection device, comprising: a radiation exposure head, a protective mounting assembly, and a radiation generator. The radiation exposure head extends along a first direction and is configured to extend into the shell-and-tube heat exchanger through heat exchange holes in the tube sheet and output radiation into the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The protective mounting assembly is connected to the radiation exposure head and, along a second direction, is correspondingly disposed to the radiation exposure head. The protective mounting assembly is configured to be disposed outside the shell-and-tube heat exchanger and, together with the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, press against a film. The protective mounting assembly is also configured to shield radiation. The radiation generator is connected to the radiation exposure head and is configured to generate radiation and transmit radiation to the radiation exposure head. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular.

[0005] The flaw detection device of this application has a radiographic exposure head extending along a first direction. The general shape of the radiographic exposure head is an extension extending along the first direction, thereby adapting the shape of the radiographic exposure head to the shape of the heat exchange holes in the tube sheet. This allows the radiographic exposure head to extend from the outside of the shell into the shell through the heat exchange holes, thus avoiding interference from tie rods, baffles, and other components inside the shell during the insertion of the radiographic exposure head. This enables the radiographic exposure head to perform flaw detection on the welds between the shell and the tube sheet. The flaw detection device of this application can accurately determine the location of weld defects, thereby enabling production rework based on the defects and improving the production quality and efficiency of shell-and-tube heat exchangers.

[0006] In some embodiments, the protective mounting assembly includes a mounting element and a radiation shield. Both the radiation shield and the radiation exposure head are connected to the mounting element. Along a second direction, the radiation shield and the radiation exposure head are correspondingly disposed. The radiation shield is configured to fit the shape of the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The radiation shield is configured to be disposed outside the shell and to press against the film together with the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The radiation shield is also used to shield radiation.

[0007] In some embodiments, the protective mounting assembly further includes a lead plate, which is mounted on the end of the radiation shield away from the radiation exposure head along the second direction.

[0008] In some embodiments, the mounting component includes a first mounting portion, a second mounting portion, and a moving portion. The first mounting portion is connected to the X-ray exposure head, the moving portion is movably connected to the first mounting portion along a second direction, the second mounting portion extends along the first direction, one end of the second mounting portion is connected to the moving portion, and the other end of the second mounting portion is connected to the X-ray shield.

[0009] In some embodiments, the X-ray exposure head is provided with a collar that is movable along the first direction, and the first mounting portion is connected to the collar.

[0010] In some embodiments, the flaw detection device includes a plurality of the protective mounting components, which are arranged at circumferential intervals along the X-ray exposure head, and the first mounting portion of each protective mounting component is connected to the collar.

[0011] In some embodiments, the X-ray exposure head is further provided with a positioning nut, which is configured to be located outside the cylinder and abut against the tube sheet. The positioning nut is movably connected to the positioning nut along the first direction, and the collar is located on the side of the positioning nut away from the X-ray shield.

[0012] In some embodiments, the flaw detection device further includes a source tube, one end of which is connected to the radiation generator and the other end of which is connected to the radiation exposure head. The source tube is used to transmit radiation.

[0013] In some embodiments, the flaw detection device further includes a control device connected to the radiation generator and configured to control the radiation generator to be turned on or off.

[0014] A second aspect of this application provides a flaw detection method applied to the flaw detection apparatus described in the first aspect above, the flaw detection method comprising: A film is installed at the weld joint between the tube sheet and the cylinder; The X-ray exposure head is inserted into the cylinder through the heat exchange holes of the tube sheet of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The protective mounting assembly is placed outside the shell and the protective mounting assembly and the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger are pressed together against the rubber sheet. Control the activation of the ray generator.

[0015] The flaw detection method of this application allows the X-ray exposure head to extend from the outside of the shell into the shell through the heat exchange hole, thereby avoiding interference from tie rods, baffles, and other components inside the shell during the insertion of the X-ray exposure head. This enables the X-ray exposure head to perform flaw detection on the weld between the shell and the tube sheet. The flaw detection method of this application can accurately determine the location of weld defects, allowing for production rework to address these defects, thus improving the production quality and efficiency of shell-and-tube heat exchangers. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. Wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a flaw detection device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the protective mounting components according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the flaw detection device used in this application to detect flaws in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the flaw detection device used in this application for flaw detection of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the flaw detection method according to an embodiment of this application.

[0017] The labels in the attached diagram are as follows: 100. Flaw detection equipment; 10. X-ray exposure head; 11. Collar; 12. Positioning nut; 20. Protective installation components; 21. Mounting parts; 211. First mounting section; 212. Second mounting section; 213. Moving parts; 22. Radiation shield; 23. Lead plate; 30. X-ray generator; 40. Control device; 50. Power supply pipe; 200. Shell and tube heat exchanger; 210. Tube sheet; 220. Shell; 230. Heat exchange holes; 240. Tie rod; 250. Baffle plate; 300, film; a) First direction; b) Second direction. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Exemplary embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of this application and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art.

[0019] It should be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “described” as used herein may also include the plural forms. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” and “having” are inclusive and therefore indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not construed as requiring them to be performed in a particular order described or illustrated unless the order of performance is explicitly indicated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.

[0020] Although terms such as first, second, third, etc., may be used in this document to describe multiple elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be used only to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or segment from another. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms used herein do not imply order or sequence. Therefore, the first element, component, region, layer, or segment discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer, or segment without departing from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0021] For ease of description, spatial relative terms may be used in the text to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to another element or feature, as shown in the figure. These relative terms include, for example, "inside," "outside," "middle," "outer," "below," "below," "above," "over," etc. Such spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation, other than those depicted in the figure. For example, if the device in the figure rotates, then an element described as "below other elements or features" or "below other elements or features" will subsequently be oriented as "above other elements or features" or "above other elements or features." Therefore, the example term "below" can include both upper and lower orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or in other directions), and the spatial relative descriptors used in the text will be interpreted accordingly.

[0022] In the description of the application, the technical terms "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "circumferential", "height direction", "first direction", "second direction", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, operated or used in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0023] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between components; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are widely used in various industries such as chemical, energy, refrigeration, and metallurgy. They enable efficient heat transfer from high-temperature to low-temperature fluids without mixing multiple fluids, meeting the needs of process heating, cooling, and waste heat recovery. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger consists of a shell, tube bundles, tube sheets, and other components. The tube sheet is welded to the end of the shell and has heat exchange holes through which the tube bundles are installed.

[0025] However, the circumferential welding process of the shell and tube heat exchanger is in the later stage of assembly. The internal components of the shell and tube will restrict the placement of the X-ray inspection equipment, making it difficult for the existing X-ray inspection technology to effectively inspect the weld.

[0026] To at least address the problem that existing radiographic testing techniques are difficult to effectively inspect welds, embodiments of this application propose a flaw detection device that can insert a radiographic exposure head from outside the cylinder into the cylinder through a heat exchange hole, thereby avoiding space constraints caused by components inside the cylinder and effectively inspecting welds using radiography.

[0027] The embodiments of this application also propose a flaw detection method applied to the flaw detection device 100 of the above embodiments.

[0028] The flaw detection device 100 and flaw detection method of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the flaw detection device 100 of this application embodiment includes: a radiation exposure head 10, a protective mounting assembly 20, and a radiation generator 30. The radiation exposure head 10 extends along a first direction a and is configured to extend into the cylinder 220 through the heat exchange holes 230 of the tube sheet 210 of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200 and output radiation into the cylinder 220. The protective mounting assembly 20 is connected to the radiation exposure head 10 and is disposed correspondingly to the radiation exposure head 10 along a second direction b. The protective mounting assembly 20 is configured to be disposed outside the cylinder 220 and to press against the film 300 together with the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200. The protective mounting assembly 20 is also configured to shield the radiation. The radiation generator 30 is connected to the radiation exposure head 10 and is configured to generate radiation and transmit radiation to the radiation exposure head 10. The first direction a and the second direction b are perpendicular. As an example, the first direction a is the length direction of the radiation exposure head 10. As an example, the second direction b is the inward and outward directions of the X-ray exposure head 10.

[0030] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, when inspecting the weld between the shell-and-tube sheet 210 and the cylinder 220, the X-ray exposure head 10 extends into the heat exchange hole 230 of the tube sheet 210. The X-ray exposure head 10 can be partially or completely inserted into the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200. A film 300 is placed outside the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200, and the weld between the cylinder 220 and the tube sheet 210 is positioned to correspond to the film 300. The protective mounting assembly 20 and the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200 are used to press against the film 300, thereby fixing the film 300. The X-ray generator 30 is controlled to generate X-rays. The X-ray exposure head 10 receives the X-rays generated by the X-ray generator 30 and outputs X-rays. The X-rays penetrate the weld between the cylinder 220 and the tube sheet 210 and expose the film 300, thus achieving flaw detection of the weld.

[0031] The X-ray exposure head 10 extends along the first direction a, meaning that the general shape of the X-ray exposure head 10 is an extension extending along the first direction a, such as a column or a strip. This allows the shape of the X-ray exposure head 10 to match the shape of the heat exchange hole 230 of the tube sheet 210, enabling the X-ray exposure head 10 to extend from the outside of the tube sheet 220 into the tube sheet 220 through the heat exchange hole 230. This avoids the tie rod 240, partition 250, and other components inside the tube sheet 220 from affecting the insertion of the X-ray exposure head 10, thus enabling the X-ray exposure head 10 to inspect the weld between the tube sheet 210 and the tube sheet 220.

[0032] The protective mounting assembly 20 is configured to be located outside the shell 220 and to press against the film 300 together with the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200. In other words, the protective mounting assembly 20 located outside the shell 220 can fix the film 300 to the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200, thereby allowing the film 300 to be stably mounted on the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200.

[0033] By positioning the protective mounting component 20 in a corresponding manner to the X-ray exposure head 10 along the second direction b, the protective mounting component 20 is also configured to shield the X-rays, enabling the protective mounting component 20 to accurately intercept the X-rays output by the X-ray exposure head 10, thereby reducing radiation leakage and lowering the radiation risk.

[0034] The protective mounting component 20 can both fix the film and shield radiation, thereby simplifying the overall structure.

[0035] As an example, the ray generator 30 is configured to generate gamma rays.

[0036] Gamma rays can penetrate thick metal parts and clearly identify defects such as slag inclusions and porosity. By using gamma rays to inspect the weld between the cylinder 220 and the tube sheet 210, accurate and reliable test results can be obtained.

[0037] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the protective mounting assembly 20 includes a mounting member 21 and a radiation shield 22. Both the radiation shield 22 and the radiation exposure head 10 are connected to the mounting member 21. Along the second direction b, the radiation shield 22 is correspondingly disposed with the radiation exposure head 10. The radiation shield 22 is configured to fit the shape of the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200. The radiation shield 22 is configured to be disposed outside the shell 220 and to press against the film 300 together with the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200. The radiation shield 22 is also used to shield radiation.

[0038] The radiation shield 22 is set in correspondence with the radiation exposure head 10. The radiation shield 22 can block the radiation generated by the radiation exposure head 10, thereby reducing radiation leakage.

[0039] The radiation shield 22 is configured to fit the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200, thereby increasing its shielding effect and reducing radiation leakage. The radiation shield 22, together with the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200, presses against the film 300. When the radiation shield 22 is configured to fit the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200, it tightly presses against the film 300, reducing the probability of blurry images and misjudgments of defects due to film loosening, thus improving detection accuracy.

[0040] Both the X-ray shield 22 and the X-ray exposure head 10 are connected to the mounting component 21. The mounting component 21 allows the X-ray shield 22 to be mounted on the X-ray exposure head 10, thereby increasing the integration of the flaw detection device 100 in this embodiment. By reasonably setting the size of the mounting component 21, the X-ray shield 22 can be set to correspond with the X-ray exposure head 10, thereby reducing the difficulty of setting up the X-ray shield 22.

[0041] In some specific embodiments, the radiation shield 22 is made of lead.

[0042] Lead has a strong absorption and attenuation effect on radiation. Lead can rapidly dissipate the energy of radiation, thereby significantly reducing its penetrability. After absorbing radiation, lead only produces weak secondary radiation. This secondary radiation has low energy and decays quickly, so it will not cause secondary radiation pollution.

[0043] In addition, lead has good ductility, and through casting, stamping and other processes, lead can be easily processed into a radiation shield that fits the outer peripheral wall of the shell and tube heat exchanger 200.

[0044] Therefore, it can be seen that using lead for the radiation shielding cover 22 can increase the radiation shielding efficiency and reduce the difficulty of production.

[0045] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the protective mounting assembly 20 further includes a lead plate 23, which is mounted on the end of the radiation shield 22 away from the radiation exposure head 10 along the second direction b.

[0046] The lead plate 23 can further provide shielding against radiation. The lead plate 23 can block high-energy radiation transmitted through the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200, and can also block low-energy radiation scattered by the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200. Through the synergistic effect of the lead plate 23 and the radiation shield 22, radiation leakage can be significantly reduced, thereby improving the safety of the flaw detection device 100 in the plate embodiment.

[0047] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the mounting component 21 includes a first mounting portion 211, a second mounting portion 212, and a moving portion 213. The first mounting portion 211 is connected to the X-ray exposure head 10. The moving portion 213 is movably connected to the first mounting portion 211 along a second direction b. The second mounting portion 212 extends along a first direction a. One end of the second mounting portion 212 is connected to the moving portion 213, and the other end of the second mounting portion 212 is connected to the X-ray shield 22.

[0048] The first mounting part 211 can provide a basic support for the second mounting part 212 and the moving part 213, so that the radiation shield 22 can be set in a suitable position.

[0049] The moving part 213 is movably connected to the first mounting part 211 along the second direction b, thereby enabling the mounting member 21 to extend and retract along the second direction b. This allows the position of the radiation shield 22 along the second direction b to be adjustable. By adjusting the position of the radiation shield 22, it can be positioned precisely and press against the film 300 together with the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200. Adjusting the position of the radiation shield 22 also allows it to be adapted to more sizes of shell-and-tube heat exchangers 200, thereby increasing the versatility of the flaw detection device 100 in this embodiment.

[0050] By extending the second mounting portion 212 along the first direction a, with one end of the second mounting portion 212 connected to the moving portion 213 and the other end of the second mounting portion 212 connected to the radiation shield 22, the second mounting portion 212 can have a suitable length along the first direction a, so that the radiation shield 22 connected to the second mounting portion 212 can correspond to the radiation exposure head 10 along the second direction b.

[0051] In some specific embodiments, the moving part 213 is provided with a locking member, which has a locked state and an unlocked state relative to the first mounting part 211. When the locking member is in the locked state, it abuts against the first mounting part 211 and can restrict the movement of the moving part 213 relative to the first mounting part 211. When the locking member is in the unlocked state, it is separated from the first mounting part 211.

[0052] The locking member in the locked state restricts the relative movement between the first mounting part 211 and the moving part 213, thereby making the moving part 213 more stable in its current position and reducing the risk of misalignment of the radiation shield 22. When the locking member is in the unlocked state, it separates from the first mounting part 211, allowing relative movement between the first mounting part 211 and the moving part 213, thus enabling the position of the radiation shield 22 to be adjusted.

[0053] As an example, the locking element is a screw or bolt.

[0054] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the X-ray exposure head 10 is provided with a collar 11 that is movable along a first direction a, and the first mounting part 211 is connected to the collar 11.

[0055] The collar 11 can drive the radiation shield 22 to move along the first direction a, thereby adjusting the position of the radiation shield 22 along the first direction a, so that the radiation shield 22 can be adapted to shell and tube heat exchangers 200 of different sizes.

[0056] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some specific embodiments, the collar 11 is sleeved on the outside of the X-ray exposure head 10 and threadedly connected to the X-ray exposure head 10.

[0057] By threading the collar 11 to the X-ray exposure head 10, the collar 11 can move along the extension direction of the X-ray exposure head 10, thereby enabling the collar 11 to move along the first direction a.

[0058] The threaded fit has a self-locking capability. The collar 11 is threadedly connected to the X-ray exposure head 10, which can keep the collar 11 in position after adjustment and prevent the collar 11 from being accidentally displaced.

[0059] Thus, by simplifying the structure through threaded connection, the collar 11 can move along the first direction a, and the stability of the radiation shield 22 can be improved.

[0060] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the flaw detection device 100 includes a plurality of protective mounting components 20, which are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the X-ray exposure head 10, and the first mounting portion 211 of each protective mounting component 20 is connected to the collar 11.

[0061] Multiple protective mounting components 20 are arranged at circumferential intervals along the X-ray exposure head 10, thereby providing protection from multiple directions and reducing radiation leakage.

[0062] Multiple protective mounting components 20 are spaced apart circumferentially along the X-ray exposure head 10, and can also support the film 300 from multiple angles, thereby making the film 300 more stable.

[0063] The multiple protective mounting components 20 are independent of each other, forming a modular design. Each protective mounting component 20 can be replaced, disassembled or repaired individually, thereby reducing maintenance costs.

[0064] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the X-ray exposure head 10 is also provided with a positioning nut 12, which is configured to be located outside the cylinder 220 and abut against the tube sheet 210. The positioning nut 12 is movably connected to the positioning nut 12 along the first direction a, and the collar 11 is located on the side of the positioning nut 12 away from the X-ray shield 22.

[0065] The positioning nut 12 is configured to be located outside the cylinder 220 and abut against the tube sheet 210. By positioning the X-ray exposure head 10, the X-ray exposure head 10 can be precisely positioned inside the cylinder 220.

[0066] By adjusting the positioning nut 12, the length of the X-ray exposure head 10, which extends into the cylinder 220, can be adjusted, so that the X-ray exposure head 10 can be adapted to shell-and-tube heat exchangers 200 of various sizes and specifications.

[0067] The collar 11 is located on the side of the positioning nut 12 away from the radiation shield 22, which can prevent the collar 11 from obstructing the contact between the positioning nut 12 and the tube sheet 210, thus making the position setting of the collar 11 and the positioning nut 12 more reasonable.

[0068] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the flaw detection device 100 further includes a source tube 50, one end of which is connected to the X-ray generator 30 and the other end of which is connected to the X-ray exposure head 10. The source tube 50 is used to transmit X-rays.

[0069] The source tube 50 serves as the connection channel between the X-ray generator 30 and the X-ray exposure head 10, enabling the directional transmission of X-rays from the X-ray generator 30 to the X-ray exposure head 10. The source tube 50 reduces random scattering during X-ray transmission, thereby reducing losses during X-ray transmission.

[0070] In addition, the source tube 50 has a radiation shielding function, which can prevent radiation leakage in the transmission path and increase the safety of radiation transmission.

[0071] In some specific embodiments, the power supply pipe 50 is a flexible pipe. The flexible pipe can undergo flexible deformation, making it easier for the power supply pipe 50 to avoid obstacles.

[0072] In some specific embodiments, the source tube 50 is connected to the X-ray exposure head 10 via a connecting nut. The connecting nut, through threaded engagement, locks the source tube 50 and the X-ray exposure head 10 together, thereby enabling the source tube 50 to stably transmit X-rays to the X-ray exposure head 10.

[0073] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the flaw detection device 100 further includes a control device 40, which is connected to the X-ray generator 30 and configured to control the X-ray generator 30 to be turned on or off.

[0074] The control device 40 can remotely control the opening and closing of the X-ray generator 30, thereby allowing operators to stay away from the X-ray generator 30 and improving the safety of the flaw detection device 100 in this embodiment.

[0075] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can set the dimensions of each component in the flaw detection device 100 of this embodiment according to the dimensions of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200 to be inspected. For example, when the tube sheet thickness of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200 is 420 mm, the diameter is 2000 mm, and the heat exchange hole diameter is 15 mm, a X-ray exposure head 10 with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of at least 500 mm is selected, the length of the film 300 is 6284 mm, and the thickness of the lead plate 23 is 5 mm. The X-ray transmission angle is set between 5 degrees and 15 degrees according to actual needs, for example, 10 degrees.

[0076] As an example, the tube sheet thickness of shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200 is as follows: Figure 4 The arrow at position f indicates the diameter of the heat exchange orifice in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 200. Figure 4 As indicated by the arrow at point e, the diameter of cylinder 220 is as follows: Figure 4 As indicated by the arrow at point d.

[0077] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the flaw detection method of this application embodiment is applied to the flaw detection device of the above embodiment, and the flaw detection method includes: S100. Install a film at the weld between the tube sheet and the cylinder; S200. Insert the X-ray exposure head into the cylinder through the heat exchange holes of the tube sheet of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. S300. The protective mounting assembly is located outside the shell and the protective mounting assembly and the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger are pressed together against the rubber sheet. S400, control the activation of the ray generator.

[0078] It should be noted that, in order to indirectly express the relevant structure, Figure 4 The weld structure between the cylinder and the tube sheet is omitted. For details of the weld structure between the cylinder and the tube sheet, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 3 As shown at point c in the middle.

[0079] The flaw detection method of this application embodiment extends an X-ray exposure head into the shell-and-tube heat exchanger through a heat exchange hole in the tube sheet. The X-ray exposure head can be positioned from outside the shell into the shell through the heat exchange hole. A film is placed at the weld between the tube sheet and the shell. A protective mounting assembly is positioned outside the shell, and the protective mounting assembly and the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger jointly press against the film. By positioning the protective mounting assembly outside the shell and having it jointly press against the film, the film can be installed, and the protective mounting assembly can block the X-rays. Thus, the flaw detection device can be positioned appropriately. The X-ray generator is activated, and the laser generated by the X-ray generator is transmitted to the X-ray exposure head. The X-ray exposure head emits laser light that penetrates the circumferential weld and exposes the film, thereby performing flaw detection on the weld between the tube and the tube sheet.

[0080] The flaw detection method of this application allows the X-ray exposure head to extend from the outside of the shell into the shell through the heat exchange hole, thereby avoiding interference from tie rods, baffles, and other components inside the shell during the insertion of the X-ray exposure head. This enables the X-ray exposure head to perform flaw detection on the weld between the shell and the tube sheet. The flaw detection method of this application can accurately determine the location of weld defects, allowing for production rework to address these defects, thus improving the production quality and efficiency of shell-and-tube heat exchangers.

[0081] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A flaw detection device, characterized in that, include: A radiation exposure head extends along a first direction and is configured to extend into the cylinder through the heat exchange holes of the tube sheet of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger and output radiation into the cylinder. A protective mounting assembly is connected to the X-ray exposure head. Along the second direction, the protective mounting assembly is correspondingly arranged to the X-ray exposure head. The protective mounting assembly is configured to be located outside the cylinder and to press against the film together with the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The protective mounting assembly is also configured to shield against radiation. A radiation generator, connected to the radiation exposure head, is configured to generate radiation and transmit radiation to the radiation exposure head. Wherein, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular.

2. The flaw detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective installation assembly includes a mounting component and a radiation shield. Both the radiation shield and the radiation exposure head are connected to the mounting component. Along the second direction, the radiation shield and the radiation exposure head are correspondingly arranged. The radiation shield is configured to fit the shape of the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The radiation shield is configured to be disposed outside the shell and to press against the film together with the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The radiation shield is also used to shield radiation.

3. The flaw detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The protective mounting assembly also includes a lead plate, which is mounted on the end of the radiation shield away from the radiation exposure head along the second direction.

4. The flaw detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mounting component includes a first mounting part, a second mounting part, and a moving part. The first mounting part is connected to the X-ray exposure head. The moving part is movably connected to the first mounting part along the second direction. The second mounting part extends along the first direction. One end of the second mounting part is connected to the moving part, and the other end of the second mounting part is connected to the X-ray shield.

5. The flaw detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The X-ray exposure head is provided with a collar that can move along the first direction, and the first mounting part is connected to the collar.

6. The flaw detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The flaw detection device includes a plurality of protective mounting components, which are arranged at circumferential intervals along the X-ray exposure head, and the first mounting part of each protective mounting component is connected to the collar.

7. The flaw detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The X-ray exposure head is also provided with a positioning nut, which is configured to be located outside the cylinder and abut against the tube sheet. The positioning nut is movably connected to the positioning nut along the first direction, and the collar is located on the side of the positioning nut away from the X-ray shield.

8. The flaw detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The flaw detection device also includes a source tube, one end of which is connected to the X-ray generator and the other end of which is connected to the X-ray exposure head. The source tube is used to transmit X-rays.

9. The flaw detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The flaw detection device also includes a control device connected to the radiation generator and configured to control the radiation generator to turn on or off.

10. A flaw detection method, characterized in that, The flaw detection method, applied to the flaw detection apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprises: A film is installed at the weld joint between the tube sheet and the cylinder; The X-ray exposure head is inserted into the cylinder through the heat exchange holes of the tube sheet of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The protective mounting assembly is placed outside the shell and the protective mounting assembly and the outer peripheral wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger are pressed together against the rubber sheet. Control the activation of the ray generator.

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