Pre-lithiation electrolyte and lithium ion battery
By adding pre-lithiation additives and acid scavengers to the lithium-ion electrolyte, the problem of irreversible lithium loss during the first charge and discharge of lithium-ion batteries is solved, achieving efficient and safe pre-lithiation, improving battery performance, and making it suitable for existing production lines and high-end applications.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing lithium-ion batteries suffer from severe irreversible lithium loss during the first charge and discharge process due to the formation of an SEI film, which affects the initial coulombic efficiency and reversible capacity. Existing pre-lithiation technology has safety hazards, complex processes, and poor compatibility.
By introducing pre-lithiation additives and acid scavengers into the electrolyte, the synergistic effect enables in-situ electrochemical pre-lithiation of carbon-coated graphite anodes during battery formation, compensating for irreversible lithium loss and forming a stable SEI film.
It significantly improves the initial coulombic efficiency and reversible capacity of batteries, extends cycle life, and has a simple process that is suitable for existing battery production lines and high-end applications such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems.
Smart Images
Figure SMS_1
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the field of lithium-ion batteries, specifically relating to a pre-lithiated electrolyte and a lithium-ion battery. Background Technology
[0002] Graphite anodes are currently the most mainstream anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to their low cost and stable cycle performance. To further improve their rate performance and cycle stability, carbon coating technology is widely used. The carbon coating layer can effectively suppress electrolyte side reactions and improve electronic conductivity. However, during the first charge and discharge of a lithium-ion battery, the electrolyte undergoes reduction and decomposition on the surface of the graphite anode, forming a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film. This process irreversibly consumes lithium ions from the cathode, leading to a lower initial coulombic efficiency (first efficiency) and actual capacity loss. For carbon-coated graphite materials, the specific surface area is usually larger than that of ordinary graphite, potentially resulting in more active sites that could trigger electrolyte decomposition, making the first efficiency problem sometimes more pronounced.
[0003] Pre-lithiation technology is the most direct and effective method to compensate for initial lithium loss and improve initial efficiency. Existing pre-lithiation technologies mainly include: (1) adding stabilized lithium powder to the negative electrode: the process is complex, the production environment requirements are extremely high, and there are safety hazards; (2) short circuit between the negative electrode sheet and the lithium foil: the degree of pre-lithiation is not easy to control, which may cause over-lithiation, and the process compatibility is poor; (3) lithium replenishment additives for the positive electrode (such as Li2O, Li5FeO4): it affects the stability of the positive electrode slurry, and the lithium replenishment efficiency is limited by the conductive network.
[0004] Therefore, developing a pre-lithiation method that is safe, efficient, and easy to scale up on existing battery manufacturing lines via an electrolyte approach is of great practical significance for improving the overall performance of lithium-ion batteries such as carbon-coated graphite anodes. Summary of the Invention
[0005] This application aims to at least partially address one of the technical problems in related technologies. Therefore, the purpose of this application is to propose a pre-lithiated electrolyte and a lithium-ion battery. This application achieves in-situ, safe, and efficient electrochemical pre-lithiation of negative electrode materials such as carbon-coated graphite during battery formation by introducing pre-lithiated additives and acid scavengers into the base electrolyte. The synergistic effect of these two additives significantly compensates for irreversible lithium loss during the first charge-discharge cycle, thereby substantially improving the battery's initial coulombic efficiency, reversible capacity, and cycle life. Furthermore, the preparation method of this pre-lithiated electrolyte is simple, has good compatibility with existing battery manufacturing processes, and has broad application prospects.
[0006] The first aspect of this application discloses a pre-lithiation electrolyte. According to embodiments of this application, the pre-lithiation electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, an organic solvent, a pre-lithiation additive, a negative electrode film-forming additive, and an acid scavenger; The reducing properties of the pre-lithiation additive are better than those of the organic solvent, and the reduction product of the pre-lithiation additive contains lithium compounds. The acid scavenger includes a basic compound.
[0007] The pre-lithiated electrolyte of the above embodiments of this application introduces pre-lithiated additives and acid scavengers into the basic electrolyte. The two work synergistically to achieve in-situ, safe, and efficient electrochemical pre-lithiation of negative electrode materials such as carbon-coated graphite during battery formation. This significantly compensates for irreversible lithium loss during the first charge and discharge, thereby greatly improving the battery's first coulombic efficiency, reversible capacity, and cycle life. Furthermore, the preparation method of this pre-lithiated electrolyte is simple, has good compatibility with existing battery manufacturing processes, and has broad application prospects.
[0008] In addition, the pre-lithiated electrolyte according to the above embodiments of this application may also have the following additional technical features: In some embodiments of this application, the pre-lithiated electrolyte comprises the following components by mass percentage: Lithium salts: 10%~15%; Pre-lithiation additive: 0.5%~3%; Negative electrode film-forming additives: 1%~5%; Acid capture agent: 0.2%~1.5%; Organic solvents: balance.
[0009] In some embodiments of this application, the pre-lithiated electrolyte comprises the following components by mass percentage: Lithium salts: 12%~13%; Pre-lithiation additive: 1.0%~2.0%; Negative electrode film-forming additives: 1.5%~3.0%; Acid scavenger: 0.3%~0.7%; Organic solvents: balance.
[0010] In some embodiments of this application, the pre-lithiation additive includes at least one of dilithium phthalimide compounds, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide compounds, and aryl lithium sulfonate compounds having the general formula Li-OS(=O)2-R1; wherein R1 is selected from substituted phenyl, unsubstituted phenyl, or C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl.
[0011] In some embodiments of this application, the acid scavenger includes at least one of carbodiimide compounds and triazole compounds.
[0012] In some embodiments of this application, the carbodiimide compounds include N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide, and the triazole compounds include 1,2,4-triazole.
[0013] In some embodiments of this application, the lithium salt includes lithium hexafluorophosphate; And / or, the organic solvent includes at least one of cyclic carbonates and chain carbonates, the cyclic carbonates including at least one of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, and the chain carbonates including at least one of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and methyl ethyl carbonate. And / or, the negative electrode film-forming additive includes at least one of vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinyl sulfate, and 1,3-propenesulfonate lactone.
[0014] The second aspect of this application discloses a lithium-ion battery. According to an embodiment of this application, the lithium-ion battery includes the pre-lithiated electrolyte described in the first aspect. As a result, the performance of the lithium-ion battery, including initial coulombic efficiency, reversible capacity, and cycle life, is significantly improved.
[0015] In addition, the lithium-ion battery according to the above embodiments of this application may also have the following additional technical features: In some embodiments of this application, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte are included; The electrolyte is the pre-lithiation electrolyte described in the first aspect; The negative electrode includes a carbon-coated graphite negative electrode.
[0016] In some embodiments of this application, the active material of the positive electrode includes a lithium transition metal oxide, which includes LiCoO2 and LiNi. x Co y Mn z O2 (x+y+z=1), LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 At least one of O4 and LiFePO4.
[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below by way of example, and are intended to explain this application, but should not be construed as limiting this application.
[0019] Currently, lithium-ion batteries still face many challenges in practical applications. Among them, the irreversible lithium loss during the first charge and discharge process is particularly prominent. During the first charge of a lithium-ion battery, a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film forms on the surface of the negative electrode material. This process consumes a large number of lithium ions, causing some lithium ions to be unable to re-intercalate into the positive electrode during subsequent discharge, resulting in irreversible lithium loss. This irreversible lithium loss not only reduces the battery's initial coulombic efficiency but also reduces its reversible capacity, thereby affecting the overall performance and cycle life of the battery and limiting its further development in high-end fields and large-scale energy storage applications.
[0020] To address these issues, pre-lithiation technology has emerged. Pre-lithiation refers to the process of pre-replenishing the negative electrode material with lithium after battery assembly and before the first charge and discharge cycle. This compensates for irreversible lithium loss caused by SEI film formation and other factors during the first charge and discharge cycle, thereby improving the battery's initial coulombic efficiency, increasing reversible capacity, and extending cycle life. The pre-lithiated electrolyte is a key component of this technology. It is a novel electrolyte system formed by introducing other pre-lithiated functional additives into traditional lithium-ion battery electrolytes, and it is of great significance for improving lithium-ion battery performance and expanding its application range.
[0021] However, the performance improvement of existing pre-lithiation electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries needs further enhancement. Based on this, the technical solution provided in this application is as follows: The first aspect of this application discloses a pre-lithiation electrolyte. According to embodiments of this application, the pre-lithiation electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, an organic solvent, a pre-lithiation additive, a negative electrode film-forming additive, and an acid scavenger; The reducing properties of the pre-lithiation additive are better than those of the organic solvent, and the reduction product of the pre-lithiation additive contains lithium compounds. The acid scavenger includes a basic compound.
[0022] The pre-lithiated electrolyte of the above embodiments of this application introduces pre-lithiated additives and acid scavengers into the basic electrolyte. The two work synergistically to achieve in-situ, safe, and efficient electrochemical pre-lithiation of negative electrode materials such as carbon-coated graphite during battery formation. This significantly compensates for irreversible lithium loss during the first charge and discharge, thereby greatly improving the battery's first coulombic efficiency, reversible capacity, and cycle life. Furthermore, the preparation method of this pre-lithiated electrolyte is simple, has good compatibility with existing battery manufacturing processes, and has broad application prospects.
[0023] The pre-lithiation additive described in this application is a compound that can preferentially reduce at the negative electrode compared to the solvent, and whose reduction products contain active lithium. Its mechanism of action is as follows: during the first charge (formation) of the battery, the reduction potential of this additive is higher than that of the organic solvent. Therefore, it preferentially gains electrons on the graphite negative electrode surface and undergoes reduction decomposition, producing active lithium ions (Li...). + It can be directly embedded between graphite layers or used to form the initial SEI film, thereby effectively compensating for irreversible lithium loss.
[0024] The acid scavenger described in this application is preferably a weakly alkaline compound that can neutralize trace amounts of acid (such as HF generated by the hydrolysis of LiPF6) in the electrolyte. Its key function is to remove acidic substances from the electrolyte, prevent the acidic environment from corroding the active lithium species generated by the decomposition of the pre-lithiation additive and destroying the newly formed SEI film, thereby ensuring the stability and durability of the pre-lithiation effect.
[0025] The aforementioned negative electrode film-forming additives in this application can be commonly used SEI film-forming additives in the art, such as vinylene carbonate (VC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). Their function is to participate in the formation of a dense, stable, and low-impedance SEI film, protect the negative electrode, and promote lithium-ion conduction.
[0026] In addition, the pre-lithiated electrolyte according to the above embodiments of this application may also have the following additional technical features: In some embodiments of this application, the pre-lithiated electrolyte comprises, by mass percentage, the following components: lithium salt: 10%~15% (e.g., 10%, 11%, 12.5%, 14%, 15% or any range thereof); pre-lithiated additive: 0.5%~3% (e.g., 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 3% or any range thereof); negative electrode film-forming additive: 1%~5% (e.g., 1%, 1.2%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 3%, 5% or any range thereof); acid scavenger: 0.2%~1.5% (e.g., 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.5% or any range thereof); organic solvent: balance.
[0027] Preferably, the pre-lithiated electrolyte comprises, by mass percentage: lithium salt: 12%~13%; pre-lithiated additive: 1.0%~2.0%; negative electrode film-forming additive: 1.5%~3.0%; acid scavenger: 0.3%~0.7%; organic solvent: balance.
[0028] In some embodiments of this application, the pre-lithiation additive includes at least one of dilithium phthalimide compounds (such as dilithium phthalimide, etc.), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide compounds (such as lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt, etc.), and aryl lithium sulfonate compounds having the general formula Li-OS(=O)2-R1; wherein R1 is selected from substituted phenyl, unsubstituted phenyl, or C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl (such as trifluoromethyl, etc.).
[0029] In some embodiments of this application, the acid scavenger includes at least one of a carbodiimide compound and a triazole compound, wherein the carbodiimide compound includes N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide and the triazole compound includes 1,2,4-triazole. This ensures the stability and durability of the pre-lithiation effect.
[0030] In some embodiments of this application, the lithium salt comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate; and / or, the organic solvent comprises at least one of cyclic carbonates and chain carbonates, the cyclic carbonate comprising at least one of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, the chain carbonate comprising at least one of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and methyl ethyl carbonate; and / or, the negative electrode film-forming additive comprises at least one of vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, ethylene sulfate, and 1,3-propenesulfonyl lactone. Preferably, the organic solvent is composed of ethylene carbonate EC, dimethyl carbonate DMC, and diethyl carbonate DEC in a volume ratio of (2~4):(4~6):(1~3), and more preferably, the volume ratio of the three is 3:5:2.
[0031] The second aspect of this application discloses a lithium-ion battery. According to an embodiment of this application, the lithium-ion battery includes the pre-lithiated electrolyte described in the first aspect. As a result, the performance of the lithium-ion battery, including initial coulombic efficiency, reversible capacity, and cycle life, is significantly improved.
[0032] In addition, the lithium-ion battery according to the above embodiments of this application may also have the following additional technical features: In some embodiments of this application, the lithium-ion battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte; the electrolyte is the pre-lithiated electrolyte described in the first aspect; the negative electrode includes a carbon-coated graphite negative electrode. Therefore, this application significantly improves the initial coulombic efficiency and cycle life of lithium-ion batteries using carbon-coated graphite as the negative electrode.
[0033] In some embodiments of this application, the active material of the positive electrode includes a lithium transition metal oxide, which includes LiCoO2 and LiNi. x Co y Mnz O2 (x+y+z=1), LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 At least one of O4 and LiFePO4.
[0034] In summary, compared with the prior art, this application has the following significant advantages: (1) In-situ high-efficiency pre-lithiation: By introducing specific pre-lithiation additives, electrochemical pre-lithiation can be directly achieved inside the battery. The process is safe and controllable, and the pre-lithiation efficiency is high, which can improve the first efficiency of carbon-coated graphite anode batteries by more than 5 percentage points.
[0035] (2) Synergistic interface stability: The pre-lithiation additive, the negative electrode film-forming additive, and the acid scavenger work synergistically. The film-forming agent constructs a stable SEI; the acid scavenger creates a weakly alkaline environment, providing a "protective umbrella" for the pre-lithiation process and the nascent SEI film, ensuring the long-term effectiveness of the pre-lithiation effect.
[0036] (3) Process compatibility and safety: This method achieves pre-lithiation by adjusting the electrolyte formula, without changing the core processes and equipment of existing electrode preparation and battery assembly. It is safe and controllable, and can be easily applied on existing production lines at low cost.
[0037] (4) Overall performance improvement: Lithium-ion batteries using this electrolyte not only have significantly improved initial efficiency and reversible capacity, but also have significantly improved long-term cycle life and high-temperature storage performance. They are particularly suitable for applications with high requirements for energy density and cycle life, such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems.
[0038] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. It should be noted that the embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. In addition, unless otherwise specified, all reagents used in the following embodiments are commercially available or can be synthesized according to the methods described herein or known methods. For reaction conditions not listed, they are also readily available to those skilled in the art.
[0039] Example 1 This embodiment provides a pre-lithiated electrolyte. The electrolyte is prepared by weighing and mixing the components according to their mass percentages in an argon-filled glove box (H2O < 0.1 ppm, O2 < 0.1 ppm). Lithium salt (specifically lithium hexafluorophosphate, LiPF6): 12.5%; Negative electrode film-forming additive 1 (specifically vinylene carbonate, VC): 2%; Negative electrode film-forming additive 2 (specifically fluoroethylene carbonate, FEC): 1%; Pre-lithiation additive (specifically dilithium phthalimide): 1.5%; Acid scavenger (specifically N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide, DIC): 0.5%; Organic solvent (specifically, a mixture of ethylene carbonate EC, dimethyl carbonate DMC, and diethyl carbonate DEC in a volume ratio of 3:5:2): balance.
[0040] Example 2 This embodiment provides a pre-lithiated electrolyte, which differs from Embodiment 1 only in that: (1) The pre-lithiation additive was replaced with 1.0% lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide; (2) The acid scavenger was replaced with 0.3% of 1,2,4-triazole.
[0041] Example 3 This embodiment provides a pre-lithiated electrolyte. The electrolyte is prepared by weighing and mixing the components according to their mass percentages in an argon-filled glove box (H2O < 0.1 ppm, O2 < 0.1 ppm). Lithium salt (specifically lithium hexafluorophosphate, LiPF6): 12%; Negative electrode film-forming additive (specifically vinylene carbonate, VC): 1.5%; Pre-lithiation additive (specifically dilithium phthalimide): 1.0%; Acid scavenger (specifically N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide, DIC): 0.3%; Organic solvent (specifically ethylene carbonate EC): balance.
[0042] Example 4 This embodiment provides a pre-lithiated electrolyte. The electrolyte is prepared by weighing and mixing the components according to their mass percentages in an argon-filled glove box (H2O < 0.1 ppm, O2 < 0.1 ppm). Lithium salt (specifically lithium hexafluorophosphate, LiPF6): 13%; Negative electrode film-forming additive (specifically vinylene carbonate, VC): 3%; Pre-lithiation additive (specifically dilithium phthalimide): 2%; Acid scavenger (specifically N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide, DIC): 0.7%; Organic solvent (specifically ethylene carbonate EC): balance.
[0043] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides an electrolyte that differs from Example 1 only in that no pre-lithiation additives and acid scavengers are added.
[0044] The electrolyte was prepared by weighing and mixing the components according to their mass percentages in an argon-filled glove box (H2O < 0.1 ppm, O2 < 0.1 ppm). Lithium salt (specifically lithium hexafluorophosphate, LiPF6): 12.5%; Negative electrode film-forming additive 1 (specifically vinylene carbonate, VC): 2%; Negative electrode film-forming additive 2 (specifically fluoroethylene carbonate, FEC): 1%; Organic solvent (specifically, a mixture of ethylene carbonate EC, dimethyl carbonate DMC, and diethyl carbonate DEC in a volume ratio of 3:5:2): balance.
[0045] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides an electrolyte that differs from Example 1 only in that no acid scavenging agent is added.
[0046] The electrolyte was prepared by weighing and mixing the components according to their mass percentages in an argon-filled glove box (H2O < 0.1 ppm, O2 < 0.1 ppm). Lithium salt (specifically lithium hexafluorophosphate, LiPF6): 12.5%; Negative electrode film-forming additive 1 (specifically vinylene carbonate, VC): 2%; Negative electrode film-forming additive 2 (specifically fluoroethylene carbonate, FEC): 1%; Pre-lithiation additive (specifically dilithium phthalimide): 1.5%; Organic solvent (specifically, a mixture of ethylene carbonate EC, dimethyl carbonate DMC, and diethyl carbonate DEC in a volume ratio of 3:5:2): balance.
[0047] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example provides an electrolyte that differs from Example 1 only in that no pre-lithiation additive is added.
[0048] The electrolyte was prepared by weighing and mixing the components according to their mass percentages in an argon-filled glove box (H2O < 0.1 ppm, O2 < 0.1 ppm). Lithium salt (specifically lithium hexafluorophosphate, LiPF6): 12.5%; Negative electrode film-forming additive 1 (specifically vinylene carbonate, VC): 2%; Negative electrode film-forming additive 2 (specifically fluoroethylene carbonate, FEC): 1%; Acid scavenger (specifically N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide, DIC): 0.5%; Organic solvent (specifically, a mixture of ethylene carbonate EC, dimethyl carbonate DMC, and diethyl carbonate DEC in a volume ratio of 3:5:2): balance.
[0049] Test case This test example applies the electrolytes provided in the above embodiments and comparative examples to the preparation of batteries for performance testing, specifically including the following procedures: Battery fabrication: using LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O2 (NCM622) was used as the positive electrode active material, commercial carbon-coated artificial graphite as the negative electrode active material, and Celgard 2325 as the separator. A pouch battery with a rated capacity of 1000 mAh was prepared under dry conditions. Electrolytes from Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were injected, respectively. After encapsulation and settling, the batteries underwent a standardization process (e.g., constant current charging at 0.1 C to 4.2 V, followed by constant voltage charging until current cutoff).
[0050] Performance testing methods: 1. Initial charge / discharge test: At 25℃, charge at a constant current rate of 0.1 C to 4.2 V, then charge at a constant voltage rate until the current drops to 0.05 C. After resting, discharge at a constant current rate of 0.1 C to 3.0 V. Record the initial charge capacity and discharge capacity, and calculate the initial coulombic efficiency (initial efficiency = initial discharge capacity / initial charge capacity × 100%).
[0051] 2. Cyclic performance test: At 25℃, constant current charge-discharge cycle (voltage range 3.0-4.2V) is performed at a 1 C rate. The discharge capacity of each cycle is recorded, and the capacity retention rate after 300 cycles is calculated as (300th discharge capacity / 1st discharge capacity × 100%).
[0052] The test results are shown in Table 1.
[0053] Table 1
[0054] As shown in Table 1: Based on the test results, the pre-lithiated electrolyte of this application (Examples 1 and 2) showed an initial coulombic efficiency improvement of more than 5 percentage points compared with the conventional electrolyte (Comparative Example 1), and the cycle life was also significantly improved. This confirmed the synergistic effect of the pre-lithiated additive and the acid scavenger: the former efficiently compensates for irreversible lithium loss, while the latter ensures the pre-lithiation effect and SEI film stability by removing acidic substances, thereby comprehensively improving battery performance.
[0055] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, silicone material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, silicone materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.
[0056] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.
Claims
1. A pre-lithiated electrolyte, characterized in that, Including lithium salts, organic solvents, pre-lithiation additives, negative electrode film-forming additives, and acid scavengers; The reducing properties of the pre-lithiation additive are better than those of the organic solvent, and the reduction product of the pre-lithiation additive contains lithium compounds. The acid scavenger includes a basic compound.
2. The pre-lithiated electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-lithiated electrolyte comprises the following components by mass percentage: Lithium salts: 10%~15%; Pre-lithiation additive: 0.5%~3%; Negative electrode film-forming additives: 1%~5%; Acid capture agent: 0.2%~1.5%; Organic solvents: balance.
3. The pre-lithiated electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-lithiated electrolyte comprises the following components by mass percentage: Lithium salts: 12%~13%; Pre-lithiation additive: 1.0%~2.0%; Negative electrode film-forming additives: 1.5%~3.0%; Acid scavenger: 0.3%~0.7%; Organic solvents: balance.
4. The pre-lithiated electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The pre-lithiation additive includes at least one of dilithium phthalimide compounds, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide compounds, and aryl lithium sulfonate compounds having the general formula Li-OS(=O)2-R1; wherein R1 is selected from substituted phenyl, unsubstituted phenyl, or C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl.
5. The pre-lithiated electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The acid scavenger includes at least one of carbodiimide compounds and triazole compounds.
6. The pre-lithiated electrolyte according to claim 5, characterized in that, The carbodiimide compounds include N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide, and the triazole compounds include 1,2,4-triazole.
7. The pre-lithiated electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The lithium salt includes lithium hexafluorophosphate; And / or, the organic solvent includes at least one of cyclic carbonates and chain carbonates, the cyclic carbonates including at least one of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, and the chain carbonates including at least one of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and methyl ethyl carbonate. And / or, the negative electrode film-forming additive includes at least one of vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinyl sulfate, and 1,3-propenesulfonate lactone.
8. A lithium-ion battery, characterized in that, The lithium-ion battery includes the pre-lithiated electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 8, characterized in that, Includes positive electrode, negative electrode, membrane, and electrolyte; The electrolyte is the pre-lithiation electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 7; The negative electrode includes a carbon-coated graphite negative electrode.
10. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 9, characterized in that, The active material of the positive electrode includes lithium transition metal oxides, such as LiCoO2 and LiNi. x Co y Mn z O2 (x+y+z=1), LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 At least one of O4 and LiFePO4.