Sugarcane single-bud pellet mechanized planting method adaptive to hilly and mountainous regions

Abstract

The invention discloses a sugarcane single-bud pellet mechanized planting method adaptive to hills and mountains, relates to the technical field of planting, and solves the problems that sugarcane seed stems in barren soil of the hills and mountains cannot survive and are low in yield due to no nutrition and water supply. Comprising the following steps: performing disinfection, seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment on sugarcane single-bud eyes, and sequentially wrapping the sugarcane single-bud eyes with an inner layer, a nutritional layer and a protective layer from inside to outside to form sugarcane single-bud pellets; planting ditches are formed, sugarcane single-bud pellets are sown in planting holes in the bottoms of the ditches, and earthing is conducted; covering the surfaces of the planting furrows with water retention materials; when each sugarcane seedling grows 3-5 leaves, topdressing is conducted for the first time; thinning and final singling are conducted in the tillering stage. According to the method, the survival rate of sugarcane seedlings can be increased, roots of sugarcane roots are deeper and wider, the lodging resistance of plants and the absorption capacity of water and fertilizer in the middle and later periods are enhanced, the benefits of the sugarcane industry are improved, and income increase of farmers is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of planting technology, and to a mechanized planting method for single-bud sugarcane pellets adapted to hilly and mountainous terrain. Background Technology

[0002] Sugarcane, as an important sugar crop, occupies a vital position in the global agricultural economy. However, traditional sugarcane cultivation methods face numerous challenges, especially in hilly and mountainous areas where cultivation is more difficult and costly. These areas generally suffer from poor soil, poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, and difficulties in mechanized operations, resulting in limited sugarcane yield and quality. With the modernization of agricultural development models, how to utilize technological innovation to overcome the bottlenecks in sugarcane cultivation in hilly and mountainous areas has become an urgent issue for the industry.

[0003] In China's main sugarcane producing areas, such as Guangxi and Yunnan, hilly and mountainous terrain constitutes a large proportion of the land. These areas are frequently plagued by natural disasters such as drought and low temperatures. Research indicates that sugarcane stops growing when temperatures remain below 10°C, while sugarcane in its germination stage requires temperatures no lower than 13°C, posing a serious threat to sugarcane planted in early spring. Furthermore, the uneven terrain of hilly areas presents significant challenges to mechanized planting operations, leading to problems such as inconsistent furrow depth and varying planting quality.

[0004] Therefore, developing a new sugarcane planting technology suitable for hilly and mountainous areas is of great significance for improving the efficiency of the sugarcane industry and increasing farmers' income. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above shortcomings, this invention provides a mechanized planting method for single-bud sugarcane pellets adapted to hilly and mountainous terrain. This method solves the problems of sugarcane seedlings failing to survive and yielding low yields in the poor soil of hilly and mountainous areas due to lack of nutrients and water. It improves the survival rate of sugarcane seedlings, allows sugarcane roots to penetrate deeper and wider, enhances the plant's resistance to lodging and its ability to absorb water and fertilizer in the later stages, greatly alleviates the overall poor soil conditions in hilly and mountainous areas, improves the efficiency of the sugarcane industry, and promotes increased income for farmers. The specific technical solution is as follows: A mechanized planting method for single-bud sugarcane pellets adapted to hilly and mountainous terrain includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of sugarcane single bud pellets: Healthy sugarcane single buds are disinfected and soaked in water to promote germination. The sugarcane single buds are coated with an inner layer, a nutrient layer and a protective layer from the inside out through a layered coating method. After each layer is coated, it is dried before the next layer is coated to form sugarcane single bud pellets. (2) Directional sowing: Planting furrows are opened along contour lines in hilly and mountainous areas. With the help of sowing tools, the sugarcane single-bud pellets prepared in step (1) are sown in the planting holes at the bottom of the furrows and then covered with soil. (3) Water management: Cover the surface of the planting furrow with water-retaining material after sowing and covering with soil; (4) Field management: When the sugarcane seedlings have grown 3-5 leaves, apply the first top dressing; during the tillering stage, thin out the seedlings and fix the seedlings.

[0006] Preferably, in step (1), the sugarcane single bud is one-quarter of a complete sugarcane single bud and contains the bud; the inner layer is composed of 2% quicklime, binder and growth regulator in a weight ratio of 2:1:(0.05~0.3) and has a thickness of 2~4mm; the growth regulator is a mixture of sodium naphthaleneacetate and gibberellin in a weight ratio of (2~2.5):1.

[0007] Preferably, in step (1), the nutrient layer is composed of polyacrylamide-type water-retaining agent, binder, organic fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in a weight ratio of 1:0.3:5:(0.1~0.2), and has a thickness of 1~5mm.

[0008] Preferably, in step (1), the protective layer is composed of an adhesive, a soil conditioner, and a disintegrant in a weight ratio of 0.3:(1-1.5):0.5, with a thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm; the soil conditioner is one or more of humic acid, biochar, sugarcane bagasse, and slaked lime; the disintegrant is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The disintegration time of the disintegrant in the protective layer is related to soil moisture. After the sugarcane single-bud pellets are sown, the protective layer will quickly absorb water from them. When the moisture content of the sugarcane single-bud pellet protective layer reaches 60% or more, it will disintegrate. Therefore, when the soil moisture is high, the protective layer quickly absorbs water from the soil and disintegrates rapidly; when the soil moisture is low, the protective layer cannot absorb enough water from the soil to reach the disintegration moisture content and will not disintegrate. Instead, it protects the sugarcane buds and seeds first, preventing the sugarcane seeds from becoming too dry after disintegration and withering and dying, which helps to improve the germination rate and seedling rate of sugarcane.

[0009] Preferably, the binder is one or more of starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin or pectin.

[0010] Preferably, in step (2), the cross-section of the planting trench is V-shaped or trapezoidal, and the trench depth is 25-40cm; the bottom of the planting trench is provided with an isolation layer composed of sugarcane bagasse and biochar in a weight ratio of 2:1, with a thickness of 2-4cm.

[0011] Preferably, in step (2), the sowing tool is a sugarcane single-bud pelleting planter; the spacing between the planting holes is 25-35cm. The sowing tool ensures that the pelleted single-bud seed stems fall into the planting furrow with an accurate posture. The sugarcane single-bud pelleting planter is the planter disclosed in the inventor's patent application CN202511071373.2.

[0012] Preferably, in step (3), the water-retaining material is a biodegradable mulch film with a thickness of 0.008–0.012 mm or sugarcane leaves with a thickness of 5–10 cm; the biodegradable mulch film is a starch-based biodegradable mulch film with a degradation cycle of 60–80 days. The water-retaining material covers at least the soil above the seed stem.

[0013] Preferably, in step (4), the first topdressing adopts the water and fertilizer integration method, and the fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with added humic acid; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 1:1:1, and the amount used per mu is 15-20 kg.

[0014] Preferably, in step (1), the compressive strength of a single sugarcane single-bud pellet is 20-30 N.

[0015] The present invention achieves at least the following beneficial effects: 1. The planting trench of this invention can effectively collect rainwater, and the use of water-retaining materials can effectively inhibit soil moisture evaporation. The water-retaining agent of the pelleted sugarcane single bud provides a "mini reservoir" for the seedlings, ensuring that the sugarcane obtains the water required for growth during the germination and seedling stages in the case of seasonal drought or uneven rainfall, thereby improving the emergence rate and uniformity of emergence.

[0016] 2. The pelleted sugarcane single bud of this invention provides comprehensive and balanced nutrition for the early stage of seedling growth, avoiding the problem that sugarcane buds cannot survive in the barren soil of hilly areas due to lack of nutrition and water supply. The integrated water and fertilizer topdressing after budding can accurately supplement the large amount of elements needed for the rapid growth of seedlings, ensuring that the sugarcane has both initial and later nutrition, effectively resisting early adversity, promoting strong seedlings and well-developed root systems, and laying a solid foundation for high yield.

[0017] 3. This invention creates a favorable growing environment for sugarcane in hilly and mountainous areas through the preparation of planting trenches, trench bottoms, and single-bud sugarcane pellets, especially for the growth of sugarcane seedlings. This improves the survival rate of sugarcane seedlings, allows sugarcane roots to penetrate deeper and wider, enhances the plant's resistance to lodging and its ability to absorb water and fertilizer in the middle and later stages, greatly alleviates the problem of poor overall soil conditions in hilly and mountainous areas, and increases the income of agriculture in barren hilly and mountainous areas. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1This is a picture of seedlings after emergence in the pelleted planting method of Embodiment 2 of the present invention (planting hole spacing of 25cm at the bottom of the furrow, i.e., plant spacing of 25cm); Figure 2 This is a picture of seedlings after emergence in the pelleted planting method of Embodiment 3 of the present invention (planting hole spacing at the bottom of the furrow is 35cm, i.e., plant spacing is 35cm); Figure 3 This is a comparison of the seedlings after emergence from conventional single-bud planting of sugarcane without pelleting in Example 1. Figure 4 A single bud of freshly picked sugarcane (including complete bud, half-bud, and quarter-bud); Figure 5 This is a diagram of a single sugarcane bud (1 / 4 sugarcane bud) used in this invention. Figure 6 A diagram showing the freshly cut sugarcane bud and the sugarcane rootstock containing the bud; Figure 7 A picture of the sugarcane rootstock remaining after the sugarcane buds have been removed. Figure 8 This is a working scene diagram of the present invention for cutting sugarcane buds; Figure 9 This is a front view of the cutting machine of the present invention used for cutting sugarcane buds; Figure 10 Image showing the preparation of sugarcane single-bud pellets for removing sugarcane buds; Figure 11 This is a diagram showing the tillering of sugarcane seedlings after a period of pellet planting. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used below have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The technical terms used herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specifically stated, all raw materials, reagents, instruments, and equipment used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.

[0021] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

[0022] In this invention, the method of wrapping the inner, middle, and outer layers onto the pretreated sugarcane single bud segment is accomplished using a sugarcane single bud pelletizing coating device. This sugarcane single bud pelletizing coating device is disclosed in patent application CN202510880571.7 from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences (the applicant of this invention). Specifically, it includes an adjustable mounting mechanism 100 and a sliding plate 110 slidably mounted on the adjustable mounting mechanism 100. A rotation drive motor 300 is provided on the back of the sliding plate 110, and the output end of the rotation drive motor 300 passes through the sliding plate 110. The plate 0 is connected to the loading pot 200. It is worth mentioning that the loading pot 200 is made of stainless steel, and its internal bearing surface is curved and smooth. The purpose is to allow the coating material to better adhere to the surface of the seeds. Under the action of the inner wall of the pot, the two are kneaded to form pellets. The rotation drive motor 300 drives the loading pot 200 to rotate. The adjustable mounting mechanism 100 is also provided with a wave adjustment mechanism 400. The sliding plate 110 is mechanically connected to the wave adjustment mechanism 400. The wave adjustment mechanism 400 drives the sliding plate 110 to slide up and down. The coating device uses the rotary drive motor 300 to drive the material-carrying round pot 200 to rotate at a constant speed. During the rotation of the material-carrying round pot 200, the coating material and seeds (here referring to sugarcane seed tubers) located in the round pot roll and turn along the inner wall of the material-carrying round pot 200. Under the action of the fluctuation adjustment mechanism 400, the coating material and seeds are flexibly and repeatedly thrown up and down to complete the uniform combination between the two. With the help of the inner wall of the pot, the coating material covers the outer wall of the seeds and is kneaded into a pellet shape.

[0023] The loading pan 200 is also provided with a discharge channel 220 with a closed end cap 210. After the seeds have completed granulation (pelletizing), by opening the closed end cap 210 and rotating the loading pan 200 to adjust the discharge port of the discharge channel 220 to be vertically downward (towards the ground), the pelleted seeds slide from the loading pan 200 into the discharge channel 220 and are discharged from the discharge channel 220.

[0024] For the specific address, the inner layer is wrapped first, and then the inner layer is sprayed evenly with a mist of adhesive and growth regulator to make the surface of the seed stem evenly moist. Then, 2% quicklime is evenly sprinkled on the moistened surface of the seed stem. The powder will immediately adhere to the moist surface to form the first coating. After drying and fixing, the inner layer is formed.

[0025] Then, the middle layer is wrapped. After the inner layer is initially fixed, an adhesive is sprayed first, followed by the wrapping of polyacrylamide-type water-retaining agent, organic fertilizer, and trace element fertilizer powder. This allows the powder to be continuously adhered, and the size of the pellets gradually increases, so that the sugarcane seed stalk is wrapped with the predetermined amount of middle layer material. Then, it is dried to prevent the pellets from sticking together.

[0026] Finally, the outer layer is coated: after the middle layer is dried, a small amount of binder is sprayed again (to prevent the outer layer from becoming too hard), and then soil conditioner and disintegrant powder are coated. The powder is continuously adhered, and the size of the pellets gradually increases, making the surface of the pellets smooth, firm, and regular. After drying, sugarcane single-bud pellets are obtained.

[0027] The sowing tool used in this invention is based on patent application CN202511071373.2 published by the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences (the applicant of this invention), which specifically discloses a sugarcane single-bud pellet planting machine. It includes a planting frame body 200 that is pulled by a traveling power device 100, and further includes a furrow opener 300 installed at the bottom of the planting frame body 200 for opening furrows and sowing seeds. The furrow opener 300 is located at one end of the planting frame body 200 as it travels. A soil covering device 400 is installed at the bottom of the planting frame body 200 to cover the furrows with soil to bury the sugarcane seeds. The soil covering device 400 is located at the rear end of the planting frame body 200. A single-bud pellet seed-taking mechanism 500 is also installed on the planting frame body 200, located between the furrow opener 300 and the soil covering device 400. Between 0 and 0, the single-bud seed pellet taking mechanism 500 includes a storage box 510, a conveying cylinder 520, a taking part 530, and a driving part 540. The planting frame body 200 is equipped with several storage boxes 510. The conveying cylinder 520 is installed on the side of the storage box 510, and a notch is provided on the side of the conveying cylinder 520 near the outlet end. The driving part 540 is installed on the planting frame body 200, and its output end is mechanically connected to the taking part 530. The taking part 530 includes a closed chain 531 and a taking spoon 532 provided on the closed chain 531. The taking spoon 532 transports the sugarcane single-bud seed pellets from the storage boxes 510 one by one into the conveying cylinder 520. This seeding method effectively avoids the sugarcane seeds from clogging in the seed box or seed metering device during the sowing process, affecting the uniformity and accuracy of sowing. The storage box 510 is funnel-shaped. The purpose is to improve material distribution. Using a sugarcane single-bud pelleting planter ensures that the pelleted single-bud seed stalks fall into the planting furrow with an accurate orientation.

[0028] The organic fertilizers and trace element fertilizers used in this application are all commonly used fertilizers in this field and available on the market, without restrictions on specific models and manufacturers.

[0029] Example 1 A mechanized planting method for single-bud sugarcane pellets adapted to hilly and mountainous terrain includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of sugarcane single bud pellets: Healthy sugarcane single buds (one-quarter of a complete sugarcane single bud and the part containing the bud) are disinfected and soaked for germination treatment in sequence. The inner layer, nutrient layer and protective layer are wrapped around the outside of the sugarcane single bud seed stem in a layered coating method from the inside to the outside. After each layer is wrapped, it is dried before wrapping the next layer to form sugarcane single bud pellets. The inner layer consists of 2% quicklime, binder, and growth regulator in a weight ratio of 2:1:0.05, with a thickness of 2 mm; the growth regulator is a mixture of sodium naphthaleneacetate and gibberellin in a weight ratio of 2:1. The nutrient layer consists of polyacrylamide-type water-retaining agent, binder, organic fertilizer, and trace element fertilizer in a weight ratio of 1:0.3:5:0.1, with a thickness of 5 mm. The protective layer consists of binder, soil conditioner, and disintegrant in a weight ratio of 0.3:1:0.5, with a thickness of 1.2 cm; the soil conditioner is humic acid, biochar, and bagasse in a weight ratio of 1:1:1; the disintegrant is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; the binder is starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, and gelatin in a weight ratio of 1:1:1; the compressive strength of a single sugarcane bud pellet is 20 N. (2) Directional sowing: Planting furrows are opened along contour lines in hilly areas. With the help of the sugarcane single-bud pellet planting machine, the sugarcane single-bud pellets prepared in step (1) are sown in planting holes with a spacing of 30cm at the bottom of the furrow, and then covered with soil. The planting trench has a V-shaped or trapezoidal cross-section and a depth of 25cm. The bottom of the planting trench is equipped with an isolation layer composed of sugarcane bagasse and biochar in a weight ratio of 2:1, with a thickness of 2cm. (3) Water management: Cover the surface of the planting furrow with water-retaining material after sowing and covering with soil; The water-retaining material is a biodegradable mulch film with a thickness of 0.008 mm or sugarcane leaves with a thickness of 5 cm; the biodegradable mulch film is a starch-based biodegradable mulch film with a degradation cycle of 60 days; (4) Field management: When the sugarcane seedlings have grown 3 leaves, the first topdressing is carried out; thinning and fixing of seedlings are carried out during the tillering period; the first topdressing adopts the water and fertilizer integration method, and the fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with added humic acid; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is 1:1:1, and the amount used per mu is 15kg.

[0030] Example 2 A mechanized planting method for single-bud sugarcane pellets adapted to hilly and mountainous terrain includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of sugarcane single bud pellets: Healthy sugarcane single buds (one-quarter of a complete sugarcane single bud and the part containing the bud) are disinfected and soaked for germination treatment in sequence. The inner layer, nutrient layer and protective layer are wrapped around the outside of the sugarcane single bud seed stem in a layered coating method from the inside to the outside. After each layer is wrapped, it is dried before wrapping the next layer to form sugarcane single bud pellets. The inner layer consists of 2% quicklime, binder, and growth regulator in a weight ratio of 2:1:0.3, with a thickness of 4 mm; the growth regulator is a mixture of sodium naphthaleneacetate and gibberellin in a weight ratio of 2.5:1. The nutrient layer consists of polyacrylamide-type water-retaining agent, binder, organic fertilizer, and trace element fertilizer in a weight ratio of 1:0.3:5:0.2, with a thickness of 1 mm. The protective layer consists of binder, soil conditioner, and disintegrant in a weight ratio of 0.3:1.5:0.5, with a thickness of 0.8 cm; the soil conditioner is humic acid and slaked lime in a weight ratio of 1:1; the disintegrant is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; the binder is carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin, and pectin in a weight ratio of 1:1:1. The compressive strength of a single sugarcane bud pellet is 30 N. (2) Directional sowing: Planting trenches are opened along contour lines in hilly and mountainous areas. With the help of a sugarcane single-bud pellet planting machine, the sugarcane single-bud pellets prepared in step (1) are sown in planting holes with a spacing of 25cm at the bottom of the trench, and then covered with soil. The planting trench has a V-shaped or trapezoidal cross-section and a depth of 40cm. The bottom of the planting trench is equipped with an isolation layer composed of sugarcane bagasse and biochar in a weight ratio of 2:1, with a thickness of 4cm. (3) Water management: Cover the surface of the planting furrow with water-retaining material after sowing and covering with soil; The water-retaining material is a biodegradable mulch film with a thickness of 0.012 mm or sugarcane leaves with a thickness of 10 cm; the biodegradable mulch film is a starch-based biodegradable mulch film with a degradation cycle of 80 days; (4) Field management: When the sugarcane seedlings have grown 5 leaves, the first topdressing is carried out; thinning and fixing of seedlings are carried out during the tillering period; the first topdressing adopts the water and fertilizer integration method, and the fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with added humic acid; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is 1:1:1, and the amount used per mu is 20kg.

[0031] Example 3 A mechanized planting method for single-bud sugarcane pellets adapted to hilly and mountainous terrain includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of sugarcane single bud pellets: Healthy sugarcane single buds (one-quarter of a complete sugarcane single bud and the part containing the bud) are disinfected and soaked for germination treatment in sequence. The sugarcane single bud is then coated with an inner layer, a nutrient layer and a protective layer from the inside out through a layered coating method. After each layer is coated, it is dried before the next layer is coated to form sugarcane single bud pellets. The inner layer consists of 2% quicklime, binder, and growth regulator in a weight ratio of 2:1:0.2, with a thickness of 3 mm; the growth regulator is a mixture of sodium naphthaleneacetate and gibberellin in a weight ratio of 2.3:1; the nutrient layer consists of polyacrylamide-type water-retaining agent, binder, organic fertilizer, and trace element fertilizer in a weight ratio of 1:0.3:5:0.15, with a thickness of 3 mm; the protective layer consists of binder, soil conditioner, and disintegrant in a weight ratio of 0.3:1.2:0.5, with a thickness of 1.0 cm; the soil conditioner is humic acid, bagasse, and slaked lime in a weight ratio of 1:1:1; the disintegrant is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; the binder is carboxymethyl cellulose and gelatin in a weight ratio of 1:1; the compressive strength of a single sugarcane bud pellet is 25 N; (2) Directional sowing: Planting furrows are opened along contour lines in hilly and mountainous areas. With the help of the sugarcane single-bud pellet planting machine, the sugarcane single-bud pellets prepared in step (1) are sown in planting holes with a spacing of 35cm at the bottom of the furrow, and then covered with soil. The planting trench has a V-shaped or trapezoidal cross-section and a depth of 33cm. The bottom of the planting trench is equipped with an isolation layer composed of sugarcane bagasse and biochar in a weight ratio of 2:1, with a thickness of 3cm. (3) Water management: Cover the surface of the planting furrow with water-retaining material after sowing and covering with soil; The water-retaining material is a biodegradable mulch film with a thickness of 0.010 mm or sugarcane leaves with a thickness of 8 cm; the biodegradable mulch film is a starch-based biodegradable mulch film with a degradation cycle of 70 days; (4) Field management: When the sugarcane seedlings have grown 4 leaves, the first topdressing is carried out; thinning and fixing of seedlings are carried out during the tillering period; the first topdressing adopts the water and fertilizer integration method, and the fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with added humic acid; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is 1:1:1, and the amount used per mu is 18kg.

[0032] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that in step (1), the sugarcane single buds are not pelletized. Instead, the healthy sugarcane single buds are subjected to conventional disinfection and soaking and germination treatments before being planted directly, with other conditions remaining unchanged.

[0033] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that in step (1), the pelleting preparation does not use the sugarcane single bud pelleting coating device of patent application CN202510880571.7. Instead, the materials other than the binder in the inner layer, nutrient layer and protective layer are mixed into a mixture. The sugarcane single bud is placed on a rotating plate. While the plate is rotating around the axis, the binder is sprayed evenly in a mist form through a spray system to make the surface of the seed stalk evenly moist. The mixture is sprinkled on the moist sugarcane bud surface through a powder feeding system. The powder will immediately adhere to the moist surface to form a coating layer. After drying and fixing, other conditions remain unchanged.

[0034] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that in step (1), no protective layer material is added when preparing sugarcane single-bud pellets; only the inner layer and nutrient layer are added, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0035] Comparative Example 4 The difference from Example 1 is that in step (1), when preparing sugarcane single-bud pellets, the protective layer material is composed of binder, soil conditioner and disintegrant in a weight ratio of 0.3:4:0.5, and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0036] Comparative Example 5 The difference from Example 1 is that in step (1), when preparing sugarcane single-bud pellets, the inner layer material is composed of 2% quicklime, binder and growth regulator in a weight ratio of 2:1:1, and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0037] Comparative Example 6 The difference from Example 1 is that in step (1), when preparing sugarcane single-bud pellets, the nutrient layer is composed of polyacrylamide-type water-retaining agent, binder, organic fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in a weight ratio of 1:0.3:5:0.9, and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0038] Comparative Example 7 The difference from Example 1 is that in step (2), the spacing between planting holes at the bottom of the trench is 20cm (i.e., the spacing between plants is 20cm), while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0039] Comparative Example 8 The difference from Example 1 is that in step (2), the spacing between planting holes at the bottom of the trench is 45cm (i.e., the spacing between plants is 45cm), while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0040] Comparative Example 9 The difference from Example 1 is that in step (2), the bottom of the planting trench is provided with an isolation layer composed of sugarcane bagasse and biochar in a weight ratio of 4:1, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0041] Comparative Example 10 The difference from Example 1 is that in step (3), the surface of the planting trench after sowing and covering with soil is not covered with water-retaining material, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0042] Comparative Example 11 The difference from Example 1 is that in step (4), when the sugarcane seedlings have grown 8 to 12 leaves, the first topdressing is carried out, and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0043] Experiment Title: Field Validation Experiment of Sugarcane Granulation Planting Method in Hilly and Mountainous Areas 1. Experimental Design and Methods Tested varieties: Guire No. 2 and Yunzhe 08-1609.

[0044] Experimental sites: Planting bases in Laibin, Guangxi (Sugarcane planting base of Laibin Jinfeng Agricultural Investment Co., Ltd. in Fenghuang Town, Xingbin District, Laibin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Bapen Village, Bapen Township, Fusui County, Chongzuo City, typical hilly and mountainous areas).

[0045] Experimental Design: Experimental group: Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 (implementation methods of the present invention); Control group: Comparative Examples 1 to 11 (schemes that lack or alter a key feature of the present invention). Gui Re 2 and Yun Zhe 08-1609 were used as planting varieties. The experiment was divided into 18 groups, with 9 groups for each sugarcane variety. Each group was planted with 100 single-bud seed stems, and the experiment was repeated 3 times. Gui Re 2 and Yun Zhe 08-1609 were planted using the methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-11, respectively.

[0046] Apart from the technical features that each group specifically pointed out as being changed, other field management measures remained consistent.

[0047] Measurement indicators and timing: 60 days after sowing, investigate the emergence rate, seedling establishment rate, plant height and stem diameter.

[0048] During the experiment, the emergence rate (%), seedling establishment rate (%), plant height (cm), and stem diameter (mm) were recorded for each group and variety. Emergence rate (%) = (total number of seedlings / total number of buds) × 100%; seedling establishment rate (%) = (number of healthy seedlings / total number of seedlings) × 100%; yield per mu (t / mu) = number of effective stems (stalks / mu) × single stem weight (kg) / 1000. The number of effective stems was obtained from the final field survey. At harvest, the single stem weight (kg) and yield per mu (t / mu) of sugarcane for both Guire 2 and Yunzhe 08-1609 varieties were recorded for each group.

[0049] 2. Experimental Results and Analysis The experimental results of Guire No. 2 are shown in Table 1 below, and the experimental results of Yunzhe 08-1609 are shown in Table 2 below.

[0050] Table 1. Effects of different treatments on seedling growth and harvest of Guire No. 2 seedlings. Table 2. Effects of different treatments on seedling growth and harvest of sugarcane 08-1609. Note: Data are expressed as "mean ± standard deviation"; different letters after the data in the same column indicate that the difference is significant at the P<0.05 level.

[0051] As shown in Tables 1 and 2, the experimental data of both varieties indicate that Example 1 significantly outperformed the other comparative examples in both germination rate and seedling establishment rate. In particular, compared to Comparative Example 1 (without pelleting), the germination rates of Guire 2 and Yunzhe 08-1609 were both higher, fully demonstrating that pelleted seed stalks provide better water and fertilizer supply for improving sugarcane germination rate. The germination rate of Comparative Example 10 (without water-retaining material) was lower than that of Example 1, indicating that water-retaining material plays a crucial role in maintaining soil moisture.

[0052] Comparative Example 2 (mixed coating) significantly lagged behind Example 1 in terms of plant height, stem diameter, and yield, with both Guire 2 and Yunzhe 08-1609 showing reduced yields per mu. This result fully demonstrates the important value of the layered coating structure in regulating the timing of nutrient release, and the precise nutrient supply of this invention is beneficial for increasing yield.

[0053] The significant reduction in plant height and single stem weight in Comparative Example 11 (late topdressing) indicates that the 3-5 leaf stage is a critical period for nutrient relay. Delayed topdressing leads to nutrient gaps after the pellets are depleted, affecting seedling growth. Example 1, through precise timing of topdressing, achieved a yield increase per acre compared to Comparative Example 6.

[0054] The significant reduction in emergence rate and effective stem number in Comparative Example 3 (non-directional sowing) indicates that directional sowing plays an important role in ensuring emergence quality. Although Comparative Example 9 (change in isolation layer ratio) did not differ significantly from Example 1 in most indicators, it still resulted in a decrease in yield per acre, indicating that the optimized isolation layer ratio has a positive effect on creating the best root zone environment.

[0055] The two varieties showed consistent trends across all treatments, demonstrating the universality and stability of the technical solution of this invention. Example 1 achieved yields of 7.62 tons per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) and 7.95 tons per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) on Guire 2 and Yunzhe 08-1609 respectively, both significantly higher than Comparative Example 1, fully demonstrating the outstanding effect of this invention in increasing sugarcane yield in hilly and mountainous areas.

[0056] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it will be apparent that many changes and variations can be made in accordance with the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various different choices and variations. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A mechanized planting method for single-bud sugarcane pellets adapted to hilly and mountainous terrain, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of sugarcane single bud pellets: Healthy sugarcane single buds are disinfected and soaked in water to promote germination. The sugarcane single buds are coated with an inner layer, a nutrient layer and a protective layer from the inside out through a layered coating method. After each layer is coated, it is dried before the next layer is coated to form sugarcane single bud pellets. (2) Directional sowing: Planting furrows are opened along contour lines in hilly and mountainous areas. The sugarcane single-bud pellets prepared in step (1) are sown into the planting holes at the bottom of the furrows using a sowing tool, and then covered with soil. (3) Water management: Cover the surface of the planting furrow with water-retaining material after sowing and covering with soil; (4) Field management: When the sugarcane seedlings have grown 3-5 leaves, apply the first top dressing; during the tillering stage, thin out the seedlings and fix the seedlings.

2. The mechanized planting method for single-bud sugarcane pellets adapted to hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the sugarcane single bud eye is one-quarter of a complete sugarcane single bud and contains the bud eye; the inner layer is composed of 2% quicklime, binder and growth regulator in a weight ratio of 2:1:(0.05~0.3) and has a thickness of 2~4mm; the growth regulator is a mixture of sodium naphthaleneacetate and gibberellin in a weight ratio of (2~2.5):

1.

3. The mechanized planting method for single-bud sugarcane pellets adapted to hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the nutrient layer is composed of polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, binder, organic fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in a weight ratio of 1:0.3:5:(0.1~0.2), and the thickness is 1~5mm.

4. The mechanized planting method for single-bud sugarcane pellets adapted to hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the protective layer is composed of an adhesive, a soil conditioner and a disintegrant in a weight ratio of 0.3:(1-1.5):0.5, and has a thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm; the soil conditioner is one or more of humic acid, biochar, bagasse and quicklime; the disintegrant is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

5. A mechanized planting method for single-bud sugarcane pellets adapted to hilly and mountainous areas according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, The binder is one or more of starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin or pectin.

6. The mechanized planting method for single-bud sugarcane pellets adapted to hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the cross-section of the planting trench is V-shaped or trapezoidal, and the trench depth is 25-40cm; the bottom of the planting trench is provided with an isolation layer composed of sugarcane bagasse and biochar in a weight ratio of 2:1, with a thickness of 2-4cm.

7. The mechanized planting method for single-bud sugarcane pellets adapted to hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the sowing tool is a sugarcane single-bud pellet planting machine; the spacing between the planting holes is 25-35cm.

8. The mechanized planting method for single-bud sugarcane pellets adapted to hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the water-retaining material is a biodegradable mulch film with a thickness of 0.008 to 0.012 mm or sugarcane leaves with a thickness of 5 to 10 cm; the biodegradable mulch film is a starch-based biodegradable mulch film with a degradation cycle of 60 to 80 days.

9. A mechanized planting method for single-bud sugarcane pellets adapted to hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the first topdressing adopts the water and fertilizer integration method, and the fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with added humic acid; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is 1:1:1, and the amount used per mu is 15-20 kg.

10. A mechanized planting method for single-bud sugarcane pellets adapted to hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the compressive strength of a single sugarcane single-bud pellet is 20-30 N.

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