Boiling gasification device

Abstract

The invention discloses a boiling gasification device, and belongs to the technical field of mineral separation. The device comprises a coal gasifier and a tempering furnace, the top of the coal gasifier is covered with a furnace top, and the upper part of the coal gasifier is connected with the top of the tempering furnace through a pipeline; a barrel is arranged at the upper part in the hardening and tempering furnace and is suspended in the hardening and tempering furnace; the furnace top and the cylinder body are made of heat-resistant steel; a plurality of Y-shaped anchoring parts are evenly arranged on the inner side of the furnace top, and a heat insulation layer and a heat-resisting pouring layer are sequentially arranged on the inner side of the furnace top from outside to inside. The head of the Y-shaped anchoring part is located in the heat-resisting pouring layer, the thickness of the heat-insulating layer ranges from 40 mm to 60 mm, and the thickness of the heat-resisting pouring layer ranges from 120 mm to 180 mm. A tortoise-shell tile layer and a heat-resistant ceramic layer are sequentially arranged on the inner side of the cylinder body from outside to inside, the thickness of the cylinder body is 5-8 mm, the tortoise-shell tile layer is made of heat-resistant steel, the thickness of the tortoise-shell tile layer is 20-25 mm, and the thickness of the heat-resistant ceramic layer is 28-35 mm. And the service cycles of the furnace top and the cylinder can be prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mineral processing technology, and specifically relates to a boiling gasification device. Background Technology

[0002] The beneficiation process for iron ore can be as follows: Siderite ore with a grade of 24%–28% is roasted, then ground, magnetically separated, and reverse flotation is performed to obtain an iron concentrate with a grade of approximately 56%, with a recovery rate of about 70%. The processing can be as described in patent application number CN201510647362.4, which discloses a method for producing strongly magnetic magnetite from refractory weakly magnetic iron oxide ore, including the following process steps: (1) Powdering and processing: Iron oxide ore with a particle size of 25-80mm is conveyed to the ore bin via a conveying device. The ore is fed from the ore bin and fed into the high-efficiency vertical roller mill for grinding via a quantitative feeding device. A low-temperature flue gas fluidized bed furnace generates low-temperature hot air, which is mixed with the return air from the subsequent roasting system to 300°C and then fed into the high-efficiency vertical roller mill for drying and grinding. The fine-grained ore powder after drying and grinding enters the high-efficiency air classifier for powdering under the action of hot gas. Powdered ore with a particle size ≤0.2mm and a moisture content of less than 2% is sent to the cyclone dust collector for material-gas separation. Powdered ore with a particle size >0.2mm is returned to the ore bin for re-grinding by the bucket elevator A. After the powdered ore is separated by material-gas by the cyclone dust collector, most of the powdered ore is collected and enters the conveyor, and a small portion of the powdered ore is collected by the bag dust collector with the hot gas and enters the conveyor. The conveyor sends the powdered ore to the subsequent roasting system for roasting via the bucket elevator B.

[0003] (2) Magnetized roasting: The powdered ore produced in step (1) is first preheated by a multi-stage cyclone preheater arranged in series. After being preheated, the powdered ore is separated from the penultimate cyclone preheater and directly enters the spray roasting furnace to react with the low-temperature reducing gas in the furnace. The low-temperature roasting time is 1s-60s. A low-temperature reducing gas preparation system is provided, including a coal gasification furnace and a conditioning furnace. The coal gasification furnace produces low-temperature coal gas, which enters the conditioning furnace to prepare low-temperature reducing gas that meets the process atmosphere requirements. The process parameters are a temperature of 550℃-900℃ and a CO volume fraction controlled at 0.5-10%. The generated low-temperature reducing gas enters the furnace from the bottom of the spray roasting furnace to react with the powdered ore. The reacted gas and iron ore powder are discharged from the top of the reactor and enter the last stage of the cyclone roasting furnace. The air preheater separates the material and gas. The separated low-temperature flue gas is then sequentially transferred to the first-stage cyclone preheater. The outlet of the first-stage cyclone preheater is connected to the inlet of the circulating fan. The outlet of the circulating fan is divided into four paths: one path goes through a regulating valve to the roller mill; another path goes through a regulating valve to the tempering furnace as the secondary air for the tempering furnace; another path goes through a regulating valve to the bag filter dust collector mentioned in step (1) to recover a small amount of ore powder in the flue gas; and the last path is connected to the exhaust pipe for temporary discharge. During the roasting process in this step, the atmosphere of the low-temperature reducing gas in the tempering furnace is adjusted so that the ore powder is in a suspended state during roasting, and the gas-solid contact area is greater than 3000-4000 times. The solid-gas ratio of the ore powder to the introduced low-temperature reducing gas during low-temperature roasting is 1.0-2.2 kg / Nm³. 3 .

[0004] (3) Cooling of roasted ore: The iron ore powder separated from the last stage cyclone preheater enters the evaporator for cooling. After pressurization, water is sprayed directly onto the high-temperature iron ore powder prepared in step (2) after forming water mist through the nozzle. It absorbs heat and evaporates rapidly, so that the high-temperature strong magnetic iron ore powder is rapidly cooled to below 150°C and mixed with the water inlet at the bottom of the evaporator for cooling again. It is then discharged from the bottom and enters the magnetic separation system. The separated water vapor can be recycled.

[0005] (4) Magnetic separation: The minerals prepared in step (3) are slurried and then subjected to weak magnetic separation and flotation to obtain high-grade iron concentrate.

[0006] Low-temperature reducing gas needs to be introduced during roasting, and this gas can be generated by a gasifier. For example, patent application number CN201510084651.8 discloses a reducing atmosphere high-temperature flue gas generation system, including a fluidized bed gasifier and a series-connected combustion conditioning device. The combustion conditioning device has a cylindrical shell, with a hot gas inlet at the top connected to the hot gas outlet of the fluidized bed gasifier via a gas pipe, and a reducing atmosphere high-temperature flue gas outlet and a flue pipe at the bottom. A burner is installed inside the shell at the top and connected to the hot gas inlet. An annular baffle is welded to the inner wall of the shell at the lower part of the burner, and the annular baffle has several openings. An annular air supply chamber is formed by the air vent, the burner sidewall, the annular baffle, and the shell. A cylindrical body is connected below the burner to form a combustion chamber. There is a gap between the cylindrical body and the shell to form an annular air distribution chamber. An air distribution pipe is installed on the shell corresponding to the air distribution chamber. An inner sleeve is provided below the air distribution chamber inside the shell. There is a gap between the inner sleeve and the shell to form a ventilation duct. Upper and lower annular air chambers are provided at the upper and lower ends of the ventilation duct. The lower annular air chamber is connected to the combustion air inlet pipe, and the upper annular air chamber is connected to the air supply chamber through several connecting pipes. The inner cavity of the inner sleeve is a combustion mixing chamber. The upper end of the combustion mixing chamber is connected to the combustion chamber and the air distribution chamber.

[0007] During actual use, the applicant found that the furnace top (a separate structure from the furnace body) of the coal gasifier was prone to deformation, as was the inner cylinder of the conditioning furnace (suspended inside the conditioning furnace). Both the furnace top and the inner cylinder are made of heat-resistant steel. Deformation of the furnace top affects the sealing effect of the coal gasifier, and deformation of the inner cylinder (which serves as the combustion chamber) affects the thermal conditions, resulting in poor stability of the concentration of the output reducing gas. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a boiling gasification device that avoids deformation of the furnace top and cylinder, extends service life, and reduces maintenance. The technical solution is as follows: This invention provides a boiling gasification device, which includes a coal gasifier 1 and a conditioning furnace 2. The coal gasifier 1 is topped with a furnace top 3, the upper part of which is connected to the top of the conditioning furnace 2 via a pipeline. The upper part of the conditioning furnace 2 is provided with a cylindrical body 4, which is suspended inside the conditioning furnace 2. Both the furnace top 3 and the cylindrical body 4 are made of heat-resistant steel. The inner side of the furnace top 3 is uniformly provided with a plurality of Y-shaped anchors 5, and the inner side of the furnace top 3 is provided with a heat insulation layer 6 and a heat-resistant cast iron layer from the outside to the inside. The heat-resistant casting layer 7 is constructed; the head of the Y-shaped anchor 5 is located inside the heat-resistant casting layer 7; the thickness of the heat insulation layer 6 is 40-60mm; the thickness of the heat-resistant casting layer 7 is 120-180mm; the inner side of the cylinder 4 is provided with a tortoise shell layer 8 and a heat-resistant ceramic layer 9 from the outside to the inside; the thickness of the cylinder 4 is 5-8mm; the material of the tortoise shell layer 8 is heat-resistant steel and its thickness is 20-25mm; the thickness of the heat-resistant ceramic layer 9 is 28-35mm.

[0009] Preferably, in this embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the heat insulation layer 6 is 50 mm, the thickness of the heat-resistant cast layer 7 is 150 mm, the thickness of the cylinder 4 is 6 mm, the thickness of the tortoise shell tile layer 8 is 20 mm, and the thickness of the heat-resistant ceramic layer 9 is 30 mm.

[0010] In this embodiment of the invention, the tail end of the Y-shaped anchor 5 is welded and fixed to the inner side of the furnace top 3, and it is set perpendicular to the furnace top 3 with a height of H1; the distance between two adjacent Y-shaped anchors 5 is 200-250mm, and the total height of the heat insulation layer 6 and the heat-resistant casting layer 7 is H2, where H2=H1+(15-25)mm.

[0011] In this embodiment of the invention, the heat insulation layer 6 is rock wool, the heat-resistant casting layer 7 is cast from silicate heat-resistant materials, and the heat-resistant ceramic layer 9 is alumina ceramic.

[0012] Specifically, the raw material composition of the heat-resistant castable layer 7 in this embodiment of the invention is as follows: 40-65 parts by weight of heat-resistant aggregate, 30-36 parts by weight of heat-resistant powder, and 5-15 parts by weight of binder. The heat-resistant aggregate is selected from one or more of corundum, quartz, mullite, and alumina; the binder is sodium silicate; the heat-resistant powder is silicate; the particle size of the heat-resistant aggregate is 1-10 mm; and the particle size of the heat-resistant powder is 0.05-0.5 mm. The preparation of the heat-resistant castable layer 7... The method is as follows: heat-resistant aggregate and heat-resistant powder are dissolved in binder solution according to the proportion to obtain slurry. The furnace top 3 is inverted and a mold is installed. The slurry is poured into the mold and then compacted, demolded, cured and heated. The heating process is as follows: heating at 100±20℃ for 8-10 hours, heating at 300±20℃ for 15-20 hours, heating at 600±20℃ for 15-20 hours, heating at 800±20℃ for 12-15 hours, heating at 980±10℃ for 4-5 hours, and then naturally cooled.

[0013] More specifically, in the heat-resistant aggregate of the embodiments of the present invention, the proportion of 1-3mm aggregate is 25-45wt%, the proportion of 3-5mm aggregate is 45-65wt%, and the proportion of 6-10mm aggregate is 5-20%; the composition of the heat-resistant aggregate is: corundum accounts for 40-60wt%, mullite accounts for 30-40wt%, and the balance is alumina.

[0014] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the tortoise shell layer 8 is formed by laying multiple regular hexagonal steel sheets on the inner side of the cylinder 4; the regular hexagonal steel sheets are welded and fixed on the inner side of the cylinder 4, and their side length is 30-60mm; the interval between two adjacent regular hexagonal steel sheets is 2-5mm, and the material of the regular hexagonal steel sheets is 0Cr18Ni9.

[0015] Specifically, the composition of the raw materials for the heat-resistant ceramic layer 9 in this embodiment of the invention is as follows: 55-70wt% alumina, 15-30wt% binder, and the balance being one or more of quartz, kaolin, corundum, mullite, silicon carbide, and aluminum silicate; the binder is selected from sodium silicate, and the particle size of the raw materials is 150-300 mesh; the preparation method of the heat-resistant ceramic layer 9 is as follows: the surface of the tortoise shell tile layer 8 is cleaned, the raw materials are dissolved in the binder solution according to the ratio, stirred evenly, and then coated on the surface of the tortoise shell tile layer 8. After curing for 24-36 hours, it is dried at 150±50℃ for 30-40 minutes and then dried at 600±50℃ for 35-50 minutes.

[0016] In this embodiment of the invention, the conditioning furnace 2 includes a vertically arranged shell, a burner at the top of the shell, a flue pipe at the bottom of the shell, a cylindrical body 4 located in the upper part of the shell below the burner, an annular partition between the burner and the inner wall of the shell, and an outer sleeve on the lower outer wall of the shell. The burner, the cylindrical body 4, and the outer sleeve are all coaxially arranged with the shell. The burner is flared at the top and wider at the bottom, and its top is connected to the upper part of the gasification furnace 1 through a pipe. The annular partition has multiple ventilation holes, and an annular air supply chamber is formed between the side wall of the burner, the upper side of the annular partition, and the upper part of the shell. An annular air distribution chamber is formed between the cylindrical body 4 and the shell. An air distribution pipe is provided in the upper part of the shell corresponding to the annular air distribution chamber. An upper annular air chamber and an outer sleeve are respectively provided on the upper and lower ends of the shell and the outer sleeve. The lower annular air chamber has multiple combustion air inlet pipes evenly arranged around the axis of the shell. The upper annular air chamber has multiple connecting pipes evenly arranged around the axis of the shell. The connecting pipes are vertically arranged and their upper ends are connected to the annular air supply chamber. The combustion air inlet pipes and the air distribution pipes are both connected to the smoke outlet pipes through pipes with valves. The burner has multiple air supply pipes. The upper end of the air supply pipe is welded to the side wall of the burner and communicates with the annular air supply chamber. Its lower end extends to the bottom of the burner and is vertically downward. The outer middle part of the cylinder 4 has multiple hanging ears, which are evenly distributed around the axis of the cylinder 4. The inner side of the shell has a coaxial support ring. The inner diameter of the support ring is larger than the outer diameter of the cylinder 4. The lower part of the cylinder 4 passes downward through the support ring, and the hanging ears are placed on the upper side of the support ring.

[0017] In this embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the furnace gas output from the coal gasification furnace 1 is 930-950℃; the temperature of the reducing gas output from the conditioning furnace 2 is 640-660℃, and the volume fraction of carbon monoxide is 2.0-3.5%.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention are as follows: The embodiments of the present invention provide a boiling gasification device that can avoid deformation of the furnace top and cylinder, reducing maintenance. At the same time, the load-bearing capacity of the coal gasification furnace and the conditioning furnace (the furnace top can be set heavier, but the cylinder cannot) and processing difficulty (the furnace top has a small processing surface, making processing easier; the cylinder has a large processing surface, making processing more difficult) are considered. Specifically, the replacement cycle of the improved furnace top and cylinder is approximately 4.5 years, which is about right and facilitates simultaneous maintenance. For the different improvement methods used for the furnace top and cylinder, the cylinder needs to consider wind resistance and weight. In this patent, for the cylinder, the wind resistance before and after the improvement is basically unchanged (the thickness of the cylinder itself is reduced, the total thickness increase is small, and the ceramic surface is smooth). The furnace top has lower construction difficulty and can be set with a larger weight. In this patent, the tortoise-shell tile layer has multiple functions: first, to increase the thickness of the cylinder itself; second, to facilitate the adhesion of the heat-resistant ceramic layer (reducing processing difficulty); and third, to prevent cylinder deformation (e.g., Figure 3-4 As shown, the cylinder is very easy to deform and the deformation range is large. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the boiling vaporization device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cylinder structure; Figure 3 This is a front view of the deformed cylinder; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the reverse side of the deformed cylinder; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the furnace top structure in this embodiment; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cylinder in this embodiment; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the tortoise shell tile structure.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Coal gasification furnace, 2. Tempering furnace, 3. Furnace top, 4. Cylinder body, 5. Y-shaped anchor, 6. Insulation layer, 7. Heat-resistant cast layer, 8. Tortoise shell tile layer, 9. Heat-resistant ceramic layer. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Example 1 See Figure 1-2In Examples 5-6, Example 1 provides a fluidized bed gasification device, which includes a coal gasifier 1 and a conditioning furnace 2, etc. The coal gasifier 1 is vertically arranged, and its diameter gradually increases from bottom to top (it can be configured with a multi-section structure). Its top is covered with a furnace top 3 (an upwardly arc-shaped protrusion that is not fixedly connected to the coal gasifier 1). Its upper part is connected to the top of the conditioning furnace 2 through a pipeline (outputting furnace gas, the parameters of which are: the temperature of the furnace gas is 930-950℃). The inner wall of the coal gasifier 1 is provided with a layer of heat-resistant bricks.

[0023] The conditioned furnace 2 is vertically positioned, parallel to the gasifier 1. The conditioned furnace 2 includes a shell, burner, flue pipe, cylinder 4, annular baffle, and outer casing. The shell is vertically positioned and made of heat-resistant steel, with a layer of heat-resistant bricks on its inner wall. The burner is located at the top inside the shell, and is flared (with a conical upper part), its top connected to the upper part of the gasifier 1 via a pipe. The flue pipe is located at the bottom of the shell and is used to output reducing gas. The parameters of the output reducing gas are: temperature 640-660℃, and carbon monoxide volume fraction 2.0-3.5%. The annular baffle is located between the burner and the inner wall of the shell; it is circular, located at the lower end of the burner's conical surface, and has multiple ventilation holes. The outer casing is located on the lower outer wall of the shell, forming an annular chamber between it and the shell. The burner, cylinder 4, and outer casing are all coaxially positioned with the shell. An annular air supply chamber is formed between the burner's sidewall, the upper side of the annular baffle, and the upper part of the shell (top and sidewall). An annular air distribution chamber is formed between the cylinder 4 and the shell. An air distribution pipe is provided on the upper part of the shell, corresponding to the annular air distribution chamber. An upper annular air chamber and a lower annular air chamber (with air supply pipes (allowing in ambient temperature air)) are respectively provided on the upper and lower ends of the outer shell to seal the two ends of the outer shell. Both the upper and lower annular air chambers are coaxially arranged with the shell and are annular structures. Multiple combustion air inlet pipes are evenly arranged around the axis of the shell in the lower annular air chamber, and multiple connecting pipes are evenly arranged around the axis of the shell in the upper annular air chamber. The connecting pipes are vertically arranged and their upper ends connect to the annular air supply chamber. Both the combustion air inlet pipes and the air distribution pipes are connected to the flue gas pipe through pipes with valves. The burner contains multiple (at least 6) air supply pipes. The upper end of the air supply duct is welded to the side wall (specifically, a conical surface) of the burner and communicates with the annular air supply chamber. Its upper part (lower part vertically arranged) is inclined towards the inner wall of the shell, and its lower end extends to the bottom of the burner and is vertically downward. Multiple (at least 6) suspension lugs are provided on the outer middle of the cylinder 4. The multiple suspension lugs are evenly distributed around the axis of the cylinder 4. A support ring is coaxially provided on the inner side of the shell. The inner diameter of the support ring is larger than the outer diameter of the cylinder 4. The lower part of the cylinder 4 passes downward through the support ring, and the suspension lugs are placed on the upper side of the support ring to suspend the cylinder 4 inside the tempering furnace 2.

[0024] Both the furnace top 3 and the furnace shell 4 are made of heat-resistant steel. Multiple Y-shaped anchors 5 are evenly distributed on the inner side of the furnace top 3. From the outside to the inside, a heat insulation layer 6 and a heat-resistant cast-in-place layer 7 are sequentially arranged on the inner side of the furnace top 3. The head (V-shaped end) of the Y-shaped anchor 5 is located within the heat-resistant cast-in-place layer 7, and its tail end is welded and fixed to the inner side of the furnace top 3. It is perpendicular to the furnace top 3, with a height of H1, and is made of heat-resistant steel. The distance between two adjacent Y-shaped anchors 5 is 200-250mm. The total height of the heat insulation layer 6 and the heat-resistant cast-in-place layer 7 is H2, where H2 = H1 + (15-25)mm. The thickness of the heat insulation layer 6 is 40-60mm, and the heat insulation layer 6 is made of rock wool.

[0025] The thickness of the heat-resistant casting layer 7 is 120-180mm; the heat-resistant casting layer 7 is cast from silicate heat-resistant materials.

[0026] The inner side of the cylinder 4 is provided with a tortoise-shell layer 8 and a heat-resistant ceramic layer 9, arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. The thickness of the cylinder 4 is 5-8mm (thinner than existing technology, which is usually around 10mm). The tortoise-shell layer 8 is made of heat-resistant steel and is 20-25mm thick. It is formed by laying multiple regular hexagonal steel sheets (with gaps between adjacent regular hexagonal steel sheets) on the inner side of the cylinder 4. The regular hexagonal steel sheets are welded and fixed to the inner side of the cylinder 4. The heat-resistant ceramic layer 9 is 28-35mm thick and is made of alumina ceramic.

[0027] Example 2 Example 2 provides a boiling gasification device, whose structure is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that: the thickness of the heat insulation layer 6 in this example is 50 mm, the thickness of the heat-resistant cast layer 7 is 150 mm, the thickness of the cylinder 4 is 6 mm, the thickness of the tortoise shell layer 8 is 20 mm, and the thickness of the heat-resistant ceramic layer 9 is 30 mm.

[0028] Example 3 Example 3 provides a boiling gasification device, the structure of which is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the raw material composition of the heat-resistant cast-in-place layer 7 in this example is as follows: 40-65 parts by weight of heat-resistant aggregate, 30-36 parts by weight of heat-resistant powder, and 5-15 parts by weight of binder. The heat-resistant aggregate is selected from one or more of corundum, quartz, mullite, and alumina. The binder is sodium silicate (dissolved in water), and the heat-resistant powder is silicate. The particle size of the heat-resistant aggregate is 1-10 mm, and the particle size of the heat-resistant powder is 0.05-0.5 mm. Water-reducing agent (0.1-0.5 parts by weight) and / or refractory fibers (such as glass fiber, stainless steel fiber, etc.) may also be added to the raw materials of the heat-resistant cast-in-place layer 7 as needed.

[0029] The preparation method of the heat-resistant castable layer 7 is as follows: heat-resistant aggregate and heat-resistant powder are dissolved in a binder solution (water content is 8-15% of the raw material weight) according to the specified ratio to obtain a slurry. The furnace top 3 is inverted and a mold is installed. The slurry is poured into the mold and then compacted, demolded, cured (for more than 60 hours), and heated. The heating process is as follows: heating at 100±20℃ for 8-10 hours, heating at 300±20℃ for 15-20 hours, heating at 600±20℃ for 15-20 hours, heating at 800±20℃ for 12-15 hours, heating at 980±10℃ for 4-5 hours, followed by natural cooling.

[0030] Among them, the proportion of 1-3mm aggregate is 25-45wt%, the proportion of 3-5mm aggregate is 45-65wt%, and the proportion of 6-10mm aggregate is 5-20%.

[0031] In one embodiment of this patent, the heat-resistant aggregate is composed of: 40-60 wt% corundum, 30-40 wt% mullite, and the balance being alumina.

[0032] Example 4 Example 4 provides a boiling vaporization device, the structure of which is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the side length of the regular hexagonal steel sheet in this example is 30-60mm. The interval between two adjacent regular hexagonal steel sheets is 2-5mm, and the material of the regular hexagonal steel sheet is 0Cr18Ni9.

[0033] The heat-resistant ceramic layer 9 is composed of 55-70 wt% alumina, 15-30 wt% binder, and the balance being one or more of quartz, kaolin, corundum, mullite, silicon carbide, and aluminum silicate. The binder is selected from sodium silicate (dissolved in water), and the particle size of the raw material is 150-300 mesh (preferably 200 mesh). The preparation method of the heat-resistant ceramic layer 9 is as follows: the surface of the tortoise shell layer 8 is cleaned (to remove oxides, grease, and dust, etc.), the raw material is dissolved in the binder solution (the amount of water is 15-30% of the weight of the raw material) according to the formula, stirred evenly, and then coated on the surface of the tortoise shell layer 8. After curing for 24-36 hours, it is dried at 150±50℃ for 30-40 minutes and then dried at 600±50℃ for 35-50 minutes.

[0034] Example 5 Example 5 provides a boiling gasification device, whose structure is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the thickness of the heat insulation layer 6 in this example is 50mm, and it is specifically made of rock wool.

[0035] The heat-resistant castable layer 7 has a thickness of 150 mm. The raw material composition of the heat-resistant castable layer 7 is as follows: 50 parts by weight of heat-resistant aggregate, 32 parts by weight of heat-resistant powder, and 8 parts by weight of binder. In the heat-resistant aggregate, the proportions of 1-3 mm aggregate are 30 wt%, 3-5 mm aggregate are 55 wt%, and 6-10 mm aggregate are 15%. The composition of the heat-resistant aggregate is: 50 wt% corundum, 36 wt% mullite, and 14 wt% alumina. The binder is sodium silicate, and the heat-resistant powder is silicate. The particle size of the heat-resistant powder is 0.1-0.4 mm. The preparation method of the heat-resistant castable layer 7 is as follows: the heat-resistant aggregate and heat-resistant powder are dissolved in the binder solution according to the specified ratio to obtain a slurry. The furnace top 3 is inverted and a mold is installed. The slurry is poured into the mold, and after vibration, demolding, curing (72 h), and heating, the final product is obtained. The heating process is as follows: heat at 100±20℃ for 8 hours, at 300±20℃ for 18 hours, at 600±20℃ for 18 hours, at 800±20℃ for 15 hours, at 980±10℃ for 4 hours, and then cool naturally.

[0036] In this embodiment, the diameter of the quenching furnace 2 is 2.7m. The thickness of the cylinder 4 is 6mm, the thickness of the tortoise shell tile layer 8 is 20mm, and the side length of the regular hexagonal steel sheet is 45mm; the interval between two adjacent regular hexagonal steel sheets is 3mm, and the material of the regular hexagonal steel sheet is 0Cr18Ni9.

[0037] The heat-resistant ceramic layer 9 has a thickness of 30 mm. The raw material composition of the heat-resistant ceramic layer 9 is: 62 wt% alumina, 20 wt% binder, and the balance being kaolin and corundum (the mass ratio of kaolin to corundum is 1:3). The binder is sodium silicate, and the particle size of the raw material is 200 mesh. The preparation method of the heat-resistant ceramic layer 9 is as follows: the surface of the tortoise-shell tile layer 8 is cleaned, the raw material is dissolved in the binder solution according to the specified ratio, stirred evenly, and then coated onto the surface of the tortoise-shell tile layer 8. After curing for 32 hours, it is dried at 180±10℃ for 32 minutes and then dried at 620±10℃ for 45 minutes.

[0038] The replacement cycle time before and after the improvement is shown in Table 1: Table 1

[0039] As can be seen from Table 1, the improved design significantly extends the service life of the furnace top and the furnace shell, while maintaining a similar service life.

[0040] Table 2 shows the changes in carbon monoxide concentration (volume concentration, the same below) in the last 10 days before the replacement of cylinder 4: Table 2

[0041] As can be seen from Table 2, starting 6 days before maintenance (the maintenance cycle is 2 months), the concentration of carbon monoxide in the output reducing gas fluctuates greatly, meaning that before the improvement, the concentration was unstable for 1 / 10 of the usage cycle.

[0042] After the improvements, the changes in carbon monoxide concentration over the last 10 months (maintenance cycle of 4.5 years, average value calculated) and the last 10 days are shown in Tables 3 and 4: Table 3

[0043] Table 4

[0044] As can be seen from Tables 3 and 4, after the improvement, the carbon monoxide concentration remained very stable throughout the entire service life, with only slight fluctuations even in the days leading up to maintenance. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A boiling gasification apparatus, comprising a coal gasifier (1) and a conditioning furnace (2), wherein the top of the coal gasifier (1) is covered with a furnace top (3), the upper part of which is connected to the top of the conditioning furnace (2) via a pipeline; a cylinder (4) is provided in the upper part of the conditioning furnace (2), the cylinder (4) being suspended inside the conditioning furnace (2); both the furnace top (3) and the cylinder (4) are made of heat-resistant steel; characterized in that, The inner side of the furnace top (3) is uniformly provided with multiple Y-shaped anchors (5), and the inner side of the anchors is provided with a heat insulation layer (6) and a heat-resistant casting layer (7) from the outside to the inside. The head of the Y-shaped anchor (5) is located inside the heat-resistant casting layer (7). The thickness of the heat insulation layer (6) is 40-60mm, and the thickness of the heat-resistant casting layer (7) is 120-180mm. The inner side of the cylinder (4) is provided with a tortoise shell layer (8) and a heat-resistant ceramic layer (9) from the outside to the inside. The thickness of the cylinder (4) is 5-8mm. The material of the tortoise shell layer (8) is heat-resistant steel and its thickness is 20-25mm. The thickness of the heat-resistant ceramic layer (9) is 28-35mm.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the heat insulation layer (6) is 50 mm, the thickness of the heat-resistant cast layer (7) is 150 mm, the thickness of the cylinder (4) is 6 mm, the thickness of the tortoise shell tile layer (8) is 20 mm, and the thickness of the heat-resistant ceramic layer (9) is 30 mm.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tail end of the Y-shaped anchor (5) is welded and fixed to the inner side of the furnace top (3), and it is set perpendicular to the furnace top (3) with a height of H1; the distance between two adjacent Y-shaped anchors (5) is 200-250mm, and the total height of the heat insulation layer (6) and the heat-resistant casting layer (7) is H2, where H2 = H1 + (15-25)mm.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat insulation layer (6) is rock wool, the heat-resistant casting layer (7) is cast from silicate heat-resistant materials, and the heat-resistant ceramic layer (9) is alumina ceramic.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The raw material composition of the heat-resistant castable layer (7) is as follows: 40-65 parts by weight of heat-resistant aggregate, 30-36 parts by weight of heat-resistant powder and 5-15 parts by weight of binder. The heat-resistant aggregate is selected from one or more of corundum, quartz, mullite and alumina; the binder is sodium silicate, the heat-resistant powder is silicate, the particle size of the heat-resistant aggregate is 1-10 mm, and the particle size of the heat-resistant powder is 0.05-0.5 mm. The preparation method of the heat-resistant castable layer (7) is as follows: heat-resistant aggregate and heat-resistant powder are dissolved in binder solution according to the proportion to obtain slurry, the furnace top (3) is inverted and a mold is installed, the slurry is poured into the mold, and obtained after vibration, demolding, curing and heating; the heating process is as follows: heating at 100±20℃ for 8-10h, heating at 300±20℃ for 15-20h, heating at 600±20℃ for 15-20h, heating at 800±20℃ for 12-15h, heating at 980±10℃ for 4-5h, and then naturally cooling.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the heat-resistant aggregate, the proportion of 1-3mm aggregate is 25-45wt%, the proportion of 3-5mm aggregate is 45-65wt%, and the proportion of 6-10mm aggregate is 5-20%; the composition of the heat-resistant aggregate is: corundum accounts for 40-60wt%, mullite accounts for 30-40wt%, and the balance is alumina.

7. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The tortoise shell tile layer (8) is formed by laying multiple regular hexagonal steel sheets on the inner side of the cylinder (4); the regular hexagonal steel sheets are welded and fixed on the inner side of the cylinder (4), and their side length is 30-60mm; the interval between two adjacent regular hexagonal steel sheets is 2-5mm, and the material of the regular hexagonal steel sheets is 0Cr18Ni9.

8. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The composition of the raw material of the heat-resistant ceramic layer (9) is: 55-70wt% alumina, 15-30wt% binder, and the balance is one or more of quartz, kaolin, corundum, mullite, silicon carbide and aluminum silicate; the binder is selected from sodium silicate, and the particle size of the raw material is 150-300 mesh. The heat-resistant ceramic layer (9) is prepared by cleaning the surface of the tortoise shell tile layer (8), dissolving the raw materials in the binder solution according to the ratio, stirring evenly and then coating it on the surface of the tortoise shell tile layer (8), curing for 24-36 hours, drying at 150±50℃ for 30-40 minutes, and drying at 600±50℃ for 35-50 minutes.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conditioning furnace (2) includes a vertically arranged shell, a burner at the top inside the shell, a flue pipe at the bottom of the shell, a cylinder (4) at the upper part of the shell and located below the burner, an annular partition between the burner and the inner wall of the shell, and an outer sleeve on the lower outer wall of the shell. The burner, cylinder (4) and outer sleeve are all coaxially arranged with the shell. The burner is a funnel shape with a smaller top and a larger bottom, and its top is connected to the upper part of the gasification furnace (1) through a pipe. The annular partition is provided with multiple ventilation holes, and an annular air supply chamber is formed between the side wall of the burner, the upper side of the annular partition and the upper part of the shell. The cylindrical body (4) and the shell are spaced apart to form an annular air distribution chamber; an air distribution pipe is provided on the upper part of the shell corresponding to the annular air distribution chamber; an upper annular air chamber and a lower annular air chamber are respectively provided on the upper and lower ends of the outer shell; multiple combustion-supporting air inlet pipes are evenly arranged around the axis of the shell on the lower annular air chamber; multiple connecting pipes are evenly arranged around the axis of the shell on the upper annular air chamber; the connecting pipes are vertically arranged and their upper ends are connected to the annular air supply chamber; both the combustion-supporting air inlet pipe and the air distribution pipe are connected to the outlet through pipes with valves. The burner is equipped with multiple air supply pipes; the upper end of the air supply pipe is welded to the side wall of the burner and communicates with the annular air supply chamber, and its lower end extends to the bottom of the burner and is set vertically downward; the outer middle part of the cylinder (4) is provided with multiple hanging ears, which are evenly distributed around the axis of the cylinder (4); the inner side of the shell is coaxially provided with a support ring, the inner diameter of the support ring is larger than the outer diameter of the cylinder (4), the lower part of the cylinder (4) passes downward through the support ring, and the hanging ears are placed on the upper side of the support ring.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature of the gas output from the gasifier (1) is 930-950℃; the temperature of the reducing gas output from the conditioning furnace (2) is 640-660℃, and the volume fraction of carbon monoxide is 2.0-3.5%.

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