Deep foundation pit support pile and structure bottom plate cooperative deformation early warning system

Abstract

The invention discloses a deep foundation pit support pile and structure bottom plate cooperative deformation early warning system, and relates to the technical field of building early warning, the deep foundation pit support pile and structure bottom plate cooperative deformation early warning system comprises the following steps: arranging dense optical fiber sensor networks at key parts of support piles, structure bottom plates and adjacent historical buildings, and collecting high-precision strain and deformation data in real time; dynamically inverting and updating a foundation stiffness model of an adjacent historical building based on the monitoring data in combination with a historical file; coupling indexes of comprehensive support pile-structure bottom plate differential deformation and historical building settlement are defined, and an alarm threshold value is set; when the indexes exceed the limit, the system automatically calculates the adjustment amount and instructs the hydraulic servo supporting system to dynamically adjust the output force of the hydraulic servo supporting system; the system performs periodic scanning and evaluation, and continuously optimizes control parameters; and when regulation and control are invalid or too frequent, the early warning level is upgraded, and a manual intervention review scheme is prompted. According to the method, active control over cooperative deformation of the support pile, the structural bottom plate and the historical building is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building early warning technology, and in particular relates to an early warning system for the coordinated deformation of deep foundation pit support piles and structural base slab. Background Technology

[0002] In deep foundation pit engineering, retaining piles and structural base slabs are the core vertical load-bearing components that ensure the stability of the foundation pit and the safety of the surrounding environment. Cement-soil mixing piles are a temporary retaining structure, constructed before the foundation pit is excavated. Their main function is to withstand external soil and water pressure, control soil deformation, and prevent the foundation pit from collapsing. The underground structural base slab (also known as the basement exterior wall) is part of the permanent main structure, poured layer by layer after the foundation pit is excavated. It must withstand external soil and water pressure and also serve as a spatial partition and load-bearing component during the building's use phase. Both exist in parallel and work together from the excavation of the foundation pit to the completion of the underground structure. Their coordinated deformation performance directly determines the safety of the foundation pit system and the protection effect on adjacent buildings, pipelines, and other facilities.

[0003] In deep foundation pit engineering, traditional monitoring methods mainly rely on discrete point sensors (such as inclinometers and settlement points). This method can only obtain displacement information at local locations and cannot comprehensively and continuously perceive the true strain distribution and deformation pattern of the support piles and structural base plate along their entire depth direction, resulting in a significant deficiency of incomplete monitoring data. At the same time, traditional support control strategies mostly rely on geological surveys and static design models before excavation. Once the support system (such as conventional steel supports) is installed, its stress state is difficult to adjust in real time according to the unknown and dynamically changing earth pressure ahead and the actual response of adjacent structures, which is a passive and lagging control mode. This static control method based on incomplete information is difficult to cope with the complex interaction between soil and structure during construction and cannot achieve early perception and active intervention of small but dangerous differential deformations, thus posing a major threat to the construction safety of adjacent important protected objects. Therefore, the following solutions are proposed to address the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a collaborative deformation early warning system for deep foundation pit support piles and structural base slabs. By deploying a distributed optical fiber sensor network, the system acquires full-section strain data of the support piles and structural base slabs in real time, and inversely calculates the foundation stiffness of adjacent historical buildings based on this data. This, in turn, drives the hydraulic servo support system to perform adaptive control, enabling active control of the collaborative deformation of the support piles, structural base slabs, and historical buildings. This solves the problems of incomplete data due to reliance on point-based discrete monitoring in existing technologies, and the passive control problems of passive control due to reliance on static design models which cannot make real-time dynamic adjustments based on the actual response of adjacent structures.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: This invention relates to a collaborative deformation early warning system for deep foundation pit support piles and structural base slabs, the early warning system comprising: Distributed sensing and acquisition module: responsible for real-time acquisition of raw strain and displacement data of support piles, structural base plate and historical buildings; converting physical deformation into transmittable optical signal data; Data aggregation and communication module: responsible for receiving and verifying the raw data from all sensors; and transmitting the processed data stably and reliably to the central control platform; Building stiffness inversion analysis module: dynamically inverts the equivalent stiffness of the foundation of adjacent historical buildings based on real-time monitoring data; quantifies the current state of the building structure by integrating real-time data and historical archives; Cooperative Deformation Decision Control Module: Calculates cooperative deformation indicators in real time and compares them with safety thresholds; uses control algorithms to calculate the required precise support force adjustment commands based on the deviation values; Hydraulic servo actuator module: responsible for receiving control commands and driving the hydraulic cylinder to perform precise force adjustments; at the same time, it transmits force feedback signals back to the system to form closed-loop control; Early warning and human-computer interaction module: It is responsible for monitoring the system status and issuing multi-level early warnings to managers when there is a risk; it also provides a system visualization interface for status monitoring and manual intervention.

[0006] The workflow of the early warning system is as follows: Step S1, Sensor Network Deployment: Deploy a dense fiber optic sensor network in key areas such as the support piles, structural base plate, and adjacent historical buildings to collect high-precision strain and deformation data in real time. Step S2, Building Stiffness Assessment: Based on monitoring data and historical archives, dynamically invert and update the foundation stiffness model of adjacent historical buildings to quantify their performance degradation due to age. Step S3, Calculation of Coordination Indicators: Define the coupling index between the differential deformation of the integrated support pile-structure base plate and the settlement of the historical building, and set the alarm threshold; Step S4, Adaptive Force Control: When the index exceeds the limit, the system automatically calculates the adjustment amount and instructs the hydraulic servo support system to dynamically adjust its output force; Step S5, Iterative Optimization Early Warning: The system performs periodic scans and evaluations to continuously optimize control parameters; when regulation is ineffective or too frequent, the early warning level is upgraded, prompting manual intervention to review the solution.

[0007] Furthermore, the output of the distributed sensing acquisition module is unidirectionally connected to the input of the data aggregation and communication module; the output of the data aggregation and communication module is unidirectionally connected to the input of the building stiffness inversion analysis module; the output of the building stiffness inversion analysis module is unidirectionally connected to the inputs of the collaborative deformation decision control module and the early warning and human-machine interaction module, respectively; the output of the collaborative deformation decision control module is unidirectionally connected to the input of the hydraulic servo execution module; the output of the early warning and human-machine interaction module is unidirectionally connected to the input of the collaborative deformation decision control module; and the output of the hydraulic servo execution module is unidirectionally connected to the input of the data aggregation and communication module.

[0008] Furthermore, step S1, the deployment of the sensor network, specifically includes the following steps: Step S11: Pre-embed distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS) on the soil-adjacent and soil-backed sides of the support piles (drilled cast-in-place piles) and the underground structure base slab (reinforced concrete wall), respectively. The sensor spacing is 0.5m, and the sensors cover the entire depth direction. Step S12: Attach surface fiber optic grating (FBG) sensors to the foundation beams and first-floor walls of the historical building to monitor micro-strain; Step S13: All sensors are connected to the demodulator (sampling frequency 100Hz) via optical fiber, and the data is transmitted to the central control platform in real time through the Internet of Things gateway; This step involves deploying fiber optic sensors at high density on the support piles, structural base slab, and the historical building itself to establish a monitoring network capable of real-time, continuous, and accurate sensing of structural micro-strain, providing raw and fundamental data input for the entire control system.

[0009] Furthermore, step S2, the building stiffness assessment, specifically includes the following steps: Step S21: Based on the strain data of historical building monitoring points, inversely determine the current equivalent stiffness of the foundation using a simplified model: In the formula, The equivalent comprehensive stiffness of the foundation of the historical building is given by n, where n is the total number of monitoring points. The base reaction force at the i-th monitoring point is calculated from the strain. The average settlement measured at all monitoring points; Step S22: Dynamically correct by combining the historical building's age and material degradation coefficient (based on values ​​assigned from historical inspection reports). attenuation factor (Value range: 0.6~1.0): In the formula, The adjusted equivalent comprehensive stiffness of the historical building foundation. Based on the stiffness attenuation factor, For multiplication operations, The original equivalent composite stiffness before adjustment; This step utilizes the real-time data collected in step S1 to calculate the current actual foundation stiffness value of the adjacent historical building through mechanical model inversion, and introduces a decay factor to dynamically correct it, thereby quantifying the uncertain factor of material performance degradation caused by the age of the historical building and providing key calculation parameters for the system.

[0010] Furthermore, step S3, the calculation of the collaborative index, specifically includes the following steps: Step S31: Define the cooperative deformation index The coupling function between the differential deformation of the support piles and the structural base slab and the settlement of the foundation of the historical building: In the formula, α is the weighting coefficient of the differential deformation component of the support system. For the horizontal or vertical displacement of the top of the support pile, Let L be the displacement of the top of the foundation slab wall of the underground structure, L be the side length of the foundation pit, and β be the weighting coefficient for the settlement component of the historical building. H represents the foundation settlement of the historical building, and H represents the height of the historical building. Step S32: Compare the calculated cooperative deformation index with a preset threshold. Perform real-time comparison; This step couples the differential deformation of the support piles and structural base plate with the settlement of the historical building into a comprehensive mathematical index, and sets a safety threshold for this index. This transforms complex engineering safety issues into numerical problems that can be calculated and judged in real time, and serves as a key decision-making basis for connecting monitoring and execution.

[0011] Furthermore, step S4, adaptive force control specifically includes the following steps: Step S41: Install a hydraulic servo support system between the support piles and the structural base plate (one set every 5m), each set including a pressure sensor and a servo hydraulic cylinder; Step S42: Real-time system calculation ,when The control command is generated in real time, and the specific adjustment amount is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, This refers to the adjustment amount of the support force that needs to be applied to the hydraulic servo support system. For proportional control gain, For the coordinated deformation index, The preset alarm threshold for the collaborative deformation index, For differential control gain, For the coordinated deformation index The derivative with respect to time t; When the collaborative deformation index exceeds the safety threshold, the central control platform will calculate the required adjustment force in real time based on the PID control algorithm and instruct the hydraulic servo system to output the support force, forming a closed-loop control of "perception-decision-execution", actively applying force to correct the deformation and directly ensuring safety.

[0012] Furthermore, step S5, iterative optimization of the early warning, specifically includes the following steps: Step S51: Perform a complete data scan and evaluation of the control effect at regular intervals, and update the data. and ; Step S52: When multiple consecutive cycles When the cumulative number of adjustments exceeds the daily preset limit (e.g., 50 times), the system will trigger a Level 1 warning (suggesting adjustment of the excavation plan). This step involves periodic scanning and evaluation to continuously update model parameters and review control effectiveness, thereby achieving self-iterative optimization of the system. At the same time, a multi-level early warning mechanism is set up to promptly issue different levels of alarms to management personnel when automatic control may be insufficient to cope with risks.

[0013] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention utilizes a distributed fiber optic sensor network to achieve real-time acquisition of the strain field across the entire length of the support piles and structural base plate, thereby obtaining deformation distribution information. Subsequently, the monitoring data is combined with the stiffness inversion model of adjacent historical buildings to dynamically perceive their actual response to the foundation pit excavation. Based on this, a hydraulic servo system is used to perform real-time, adaptive closed-loop adjustment of the support force, transforming passive support into active control. This directly intervenes in the coordinated deformation index, suppressing minor deformations and improving the foresight and control accuracy of the control system in complex urban environments.

[0014] 2. This invention directly embeds the safety assurance of historical buildings into the control logic. Through inversion analysis, it assesses the foundation stiffness of historical buildings in real time, considering the time-varying characteristics of their mechanical properties caused by material aging and accumulated damage. This allows the control system to make decisions based on the actual vulnerability of the building, rather than relying on idealized design drawings or experience-based judgments. By defining a collaborative deformation index, it couples and quantifies the deformation of the support system itself with the settlement response of the historical building, ensuring that the control target is always closely related to the safety threshold of the protected building. This early warning control mode, which deeply integrates the state perception of the protected object, enhances the ability to control unpredictable risks and provides precious historical buildings with a high level of security that is different from ordinary buildings.

[0015] 3. This invention constructs a dynamic feedback and continuously optimized intelligent control closed loop. Based on real-time monitoring data, model inversion results, and control effect feedback, the system performs multi-cycle iterative calculations and adjustments, enabling the control system to cope with uncertainties in soil parameters, changes in load conditions, and disturbances caused by unforeseen circumstances during excavation. It automatically adjusts the hydraulic support force to maintain system stability. Simultaneously, a multi-level early warning mechanism based on continuous over-limit judgment and cumulative adjustment frequency is introduced, providing engineers with clear risk escalation prompts and transforming post-event remediation into pre-event warning and in-event intervention. This not only reduces excessive reliance on manual experience judgment but also improves robustness in handling complex working conditions through automated processes combining hardware and software, thereby ensuring the overall reliability and continuity of deep foundation pit engineering from excavation to underground structure construction.

[0016] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a collaborative deformation early warning system for deep foundation pit support piles and structural base slabs according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process of a collaborative deformation early warning system for deep foundation pit support piles and structural base plate according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention is a collaborative deformation early warning system for deep foundation pit support piles and structural base slabs, comprising: Distributed sensing and acquisition module: responsible for real-time acquisition of raw strain and displacement data of support piles, structural base plate and historical buildings; converting physical deformation into transmittable optical signal data; Data aggregation and communication module: responsible for receiving and verifying the raw data from all sensors; and transmitting the processed data stably and reliably to the central control platform; Building stiffness inversion analysis module: dynamically inverts the equivalent stiffness of the foundation of adjacent historical buildings based on real-time monitoring data; quantifies the current state of the building structure by integrating real-time data and historical archives; Cooperative Deformation Decision Control Module: Calculates cooperative deformation indicators in real time and compares them with safety thresholds; uses control algorithms to calculate the required precise support force adjustment commands based on the deviation values; Hydraulic servo actuator module: responsible for receiving control commands and driving the hydraulic cylinder to perform precise force adjustments; at the same time, it transmits force feedback signals back to the system to form closed-loop control; Early warning and human-computer interaction module: It is responsible for monitoring the system status and issuing multi-level early warnings to managers when there is a risk; it also provides a system visualization interface for status monitoring and manual intervention.

[0021] The workflow of the early warning system is as follows: Step S1, Sensor Network Deployment: Deploy a dense fiber optic sensor network in key areas such as the support piles, structural base plate, and adjacent historical buildings to collect high-precision strain and deformation data in real time. Step S2, Building Stiffness Assessment: Based on monitoring data and historical archives, dynamically invert and update the foundation stiffness model of adjacent historical buildings to quantify their performance degradation due to age. Step S3, Calculation of Coordination Indicators: Define the coupling index between the differential deformation of the integrated support pile-structure base plate and the settlement of the historical building, and set the alarm threshold; Step S4, Adaptive Force Control: When the index exceeds the limit, the system automatically calculates the adjustment amount and instructs the hydraulic servo support system to dynamically adjust its output force; Step S5, Iterative Optimization Early Warning: The system performs periodic scans and evaluations to continuously optimize control parameters; when regulation is ineffective or too frequent, the early warning level is upgraded, prompting manual intervention to review the solution.

[0022] The output of the distributed sensing acquisition module is unidirectionally connected to the input of the data aggregation and communication module. The output of the data aggregation and communication module is unidirectionally connected to the input of the building stiffness inversion analysis module. The output of the building stiffness inversion analysis module is unidirectionally connected to the inputs of the collaborative deformation decision control module and the early warning and human-machine interaction module, respectively. The output of the collaborative deformation decision control module is unidirectionally connected to the input of the hydraulic servo execution module. The output of the early warning and human-machine interaction module is unidirectionally connected to the input of the collaborative deformation decision control module. The output of the hydraulic servo execution module is unidirectionally connected to the input of the data aggregation and communication module.

[0023] Step S1, the deployment of the sensor network specifically includes the following steps: Step S11: Pre-embed distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS) on the soil-adjacent and soil-backed sides of the support piles (drilled cast-in-place piles) and the underground structure base slab (reinforced concrete wall), respectively. The sensor spacing is 0.5m, and the sensors cover the entire depth direction. Step S12: Attach surface fiber optic grating (FBG) sensors to the foundation beams and first-floor walls of the historical building to monitor micro-strain; Step S13: All sensors are connected to the demodulator (sampling frequency 100Hz) via optical fiber, and the data is transmitted to the central control platform in real time through the Internet of Things gateway.

[0024] Step S2, the building stiffness assessment specifically includes the following steps: Step S21: Based on the strain data of historical building monitoring points, inversely determine the current equivalent stiffness of the foundation using a simplified model: In the formula, The equivalent comprehensive stiffness of the foundation of the historical building is given by n, where n is the total number of monitoring points. The base reaction force at the i-th monitoring point is calculated from the strain. The average settlement measured at all monitoring points; Step S22: Dynamically correct by combining the historical building's age and material degradation coefficient (based on values ​​assigned from historical inspection reports). attenuation factor (Value range: 0.6~1.0): In the formula, The adjusted equivalent comprehensive stiffness of the historical building foundation. Based on the stiffness attenuation factor, For multiplication operations, The original equivalent composite stiffness before adjustment.

[0025] Step S3, the calculation of the collaborative index specifically includes the following steps: Step S31: Define the cooperative deformation index The coupling function between the differential deformation of the support piles and the structural base slab and the settlement of the foundation of the historical building: In the formula, α is the weighting coefficient of the differential deformation component of the support system. For the horizontal or vertical displacement of the top of the support pile, Let L be the displacement of the top of the foundation slab wall of the underground structure, L be the side length of the foundation pit, and β be the weighting coefficient for the settlement component of the historical building. H represents the foundation settlement of the historical building, and H represents the height of the historical building. Step S32: Compare the calculated cooperative deformation index with a preset threshold. Perform real-time comparison.

[0026] Step S4, adaptive force control specifically includes the following steps: Step S41: Install a hydraulic servo support system between the support piles and the structural base plate (one set every 5m), each set including a pressure sensor and a servo hydraulic cylinder; Step S42: Real-time system calculation ,when The control command is generated in real time, and the specific adjustment amount is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, This refers to the adjustment amount of the support force that needs to be applied to the hydraulic servo support system. For proportional control gain, For the coordinated deformation index, The preset alarm threshold for the collaborative deformation index, For differential control gain, For the coordinated deformation index The derivative with respect to time t.

[0027] Step S5, iterative optimization warning, specifically includes the following steps: Step S51: Perform a complete data scan and evaluation of the control effect at regular intervals, and update the data. and ; Step S52: When multiple consecutive cycles When the system triggers a Level 1 warning (audio-visual alarm + manual intervention prompt), when the cumulative number of adjustments exceeds the daily preset limit (e.g., 50 times), a Level 2 warning is triggered (it is recommended to adjust the excavation plan).

[0028] One specific application of this embodiment is: Implementation Background: The deep foundation pit of a subway station is 18m deep and adjacent to a brick and wood structure historical building (12m high, with a shallow strip foundation) built in 1923. The foundation of the building has shown signs of aging in some areas. The initial value of its foundation stiffness degradation coefficient η is 0.7. The foundation pit is supported by a combination of bored cast-in-place piles (1.2m in diameter, 2m apart) and underground continuous walls (0.8m thick).

[0029] Implementation steps: Step S1: Sensor Deployment and Initialization Distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS) (model OS1100, accuracy ±1με) were pre-embedded in the reinforcing cages of the support piles and diaphragm walls, with one measuring point every 0.5m along the depth direction; fiber optic grating sensors (FBG) (model SM125, resolution 0.1℃ / με) were installed on the foundation beams and first-floor walls of the historical building, with a total of 24 measuring points; all sensors were connected to a demodulator (model SM130) via optical cables, with the sampling frequency set to 100Hz, and the data was transmitted to the central control platform via a 5G IoT gateway.

[0030] Step S2: Foundation Stiffness Inversion and Correction The central control platform calculates the current equivalent stiffness of the historical building foundation based on FBG monitoring data. Strain data from three measuring points at the bottom of the first-floor wall are collected (measured values:). ), through the material's elastic modulus (brick masonry) Converted to stress: Then, based on the foundation area (effective load-bearing area of ​​a single beam) ) Calculate the base reaction force inversely Average settlement Measurements taken by a laser rangefinder positioned at the foundation corner (current value 1.8 mm); Calculate foundation stiffness: Considering basic aging, a degradation factor is applied. : Step S3: Real-time calculation of collaborative deformation index The monitoring system acquires the displacement of the top of the support piles in real time. Displacement of the top of the structural base plate Settlement of foundations of historical buildings Substitute the parameters into the formula for the coordinated deformation index. ): Exceeding the set threshold .

[0031] Step S4: Dynamic adjustment of hydraulic servo support force A hydraulic servo support system (model HYSP-200, maximum output 200kN) installed between the pile and the wall receives control commands; it employs PID control. ), calculate the adjustment force: The system increases the output force of hydraulic supports No. 3, 7, and 11 (located in the area of ​​maximum settlement) by 5.06 kN, and the pressure sensor provides real-time feedback on the adjusted pressure value (from the original 125.4 kN to 130.46 kN). Step S5: Multi-cycle iteration and early warning Rescan the data after 10 minutes: Recalculate (Below the threshold); within 6 consecutive periods All values ​​remained below 0.074, and the system maintained its current support capacity; the next day, when the excavation pit reached -10m, changes in soil conditions caused two consecutive cycles of [unclear - likely referring to a specific event or problem]. The system triggered a Level 1 warning (audio-visual alarm in the control room + push SMS to the project manager), and returned to normal after manual intervention to adjust the excavation speed.

[0032] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0033] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A collaborative deformation early warning system for deep foundation pit support piles and structural base slab, characterized in that, The early warning system includes: Distributed sensing and acquisition module: responsible for real-time acquisition of raw strain and displacement data of support piles, structural base plate and historical buildings; converting physical deformation into transmittable optical signal data; Data aggregation and communication module: responsible for receiving and verifying the raw data from all sensors; and transmitting the processed data stably and reliably to the central control platform; Building stiffness inversion analysis module: dynamically inverts the equivalent stiffness of the foundation of adjacent historical buildings based on real-time monitoring data; quantifies the current state of the building structure by integrating real-time data and historical archives; Cooperative Deformation Decision Control Module: Calculates cooperative deformation indicators in real time and compares them with safety thresholds; uses control algorithms to calculate the required precise support force adjustment commands based on the deviation values; Hydraulic servo actuator module: responsible for receiving control commands and driving the hydraulic cylinder to perform precise force adjustments; at the same time, it transmits force feedback signals back to the system to form closed-loop control; Early warning and human-computer interaction module: responsible for monitoring the system status and issuing multi-level early warnings to managers when risks occur; it also provides a system visualization interface for status monitoring and manual intervention; The workflow of the early warning system is as follows: Step S1, Sensor Network Deployment: Deploy a dense fiber optic sensor network in key areas such as the support piles, structural base plate, and adjacent historical buildings to collect high-precision strain and deformation data in real time. Step S2, Building Stiffness Assessment: Based on monitoring data and historical archives, dynamically invert and update the foundation stiffness model of adjacent historical buildings to quantify their performance degradation due to age. Step S3, Calculation of Coordination Indicators: Define the coupling index between the differential deformation of the integrated support pile-structure base plate and the settlement of the historical building, and set the alarm threshold; Step S4, Adaptive Force Control: When the index exceeds the limit, the system automatically calculates the adjustment amount and instructs the hydraulic servo support system to dynamically adjust its output force; Step S5, Iterative Optimization Early Warning: The system performs periodic scans and evaluations to continuously optimize control parameters; when regulation is ineffective or too frequent, the early warning level is upgraded, prompting manual intervention to review the solution.

2. The early warning system for coordinated deformation of deep foundation pit support piles and structural base slab according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output of the distributed sensing acquisition module is unidirectionally connected to the input of the data aggregation and communication module. The output of the data aggregation and communication module is unidirectionally connected to the input of the building stiffness inversion analysis module. The output of the building stiffness inversion analysis module is unidirectionally connected to the inputs of the collaborative deformation decision control module and the early warning and human-machine interaction module, respectively. The output of the collaborative deformation decision control module is unidirectionally connected to the input of the hydraulic servo execution module. The output of the early warning and human-machine interaction module is unidirectionally connected to the input of the collaborative deformation decision control module. The output of the hydraulic servo execution module is unidirectionally connected to the input of the data aggregation and communication module.

3. The early warning system for coordinated deformation of deep foundation pit support piles and structural base slab according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1, the deployment of the sensor network, specifically includes the following steps: Step S11: Pre-embed distributed fiber optic sensors on the soil-adjacent and soil-backed sides of the support piles and the base slab of the underground structure, with a sensor spacing of 0.5m, to fully cover the depth direction. Step S12: Attach surface-mount fiber optic grating sensors to the foundation beams and first-floor walls of the historical building to monitor micro-strain; Step S13: All sensors are connected to the demodulator via optical fiber and the data is transmitted to the central control platform in real time through the Internet of Things gateway.

4. The early warning system for coordinated deformation of deep foundation pit support piles and structural base slab according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2, the building stiffness assessment, specifically includes the following steps: Step S21: Based on the strain data of historical building monitoring points, inversely determine the current equivalent stiffness of the foundation using a simplified model: In the formula, The equivalent comprehensive stiffness of the foundation of the historical building is given by n, where n is the total number of monitoring points. The base reaction force at the i-th monitoring point is calculated from the strain. The average settlement measured at all monitoring points; Step S22: Dynamically adjust based on the age of the historical building and the material degradation coefficient. attenuation factor : In the formula, The adjusted equivalent comprehensive stiffness of the historical building foundation. Based on the stiffness attenuation factor, For multiplication operations, The original equivalent composite stiffness before adjustment.

5. The early warning system for coordinated deformation of deep foundation pit support piles and structural base slab according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3, the calculation of the collaborative index, specifically includes the following steps: Step S31: Define the cooperative deformation index The coupling function between the differential deformation of the support piles and the structural base slab and the settlement of the foundation of the historical building: In the formula, α is the weighting coefficient of the differential deformation component of the support system. For the horizontal or vertical displacement of the top of the support pile, Let L be the displacement of the top of the foundation slab wall of the underground structure, L be the side length of the foundation pit, and β be the weighting coefficient for the settlement component of the historical building. H represents the foundation settlement of the historical building, and H represents the height of the historical building. Step S32: Compare the calculated cooperative deformation index with a preset threshold. Perform real-time comparison.

6. The early warning system for coordinated deformation of deep foundation pit support piles and structural base slab according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4, adaptive force control, specifically includes the following steps: Step S41: Install a hydraulic servo support system between the support piles and the structural base plate, each set including a pressure sensor and a servo hydraulic cylinder; Step S42: Real-time system calculation ,when The control command is generated in real time, and the specific adjustment amount is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, This refers to the adjustment amount of the support force that needs to be applied to the hydraulic servo support system. For proportional control gain, For the coordinated deformation index, The preset alarm threshold for the collaborative deformation index, For differential control gain, For the coordinated deformation index The derivative with respect to time t.

7. The early warning system for coordinated deformation of deep foundation pit support piles and structural base slab according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5, iterative optimization of the early warning, specifically includes the following steps: Step S51: Perform a complete data scan and evaluation of the control effect at regular intervals, and update the data. and ; Step S52: When multiple consecutive cycles When the cumulative number of adjustments exceeds the daily preset limit, the system triggers a Level 1 warning; when the cumulative number of adjustments exceeds the daily preset limit, a Level 2 warning is triggered.

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