Soil sample scouring experiment device and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering, and discloses a soil sample scouring experiment device, which comprises a box body, a base and a scouring assembly, the outer wall of the base is fixedly connected with a support rod, and the scouring assembly is arranged outside the box body; the prompting mechanism is arranged on the box body; the supporting mechanism is mounted in the inner wall of the supporting rod; the adjusting mechanism is arranged on the base; a soil sample scouring experiment device and an experiment method comprise the following steps: S1, preparing loess samples with different water contents and different dry densities by adopting a sample pressing method, weighing the total weight of the prepared samples and a square cutting ring together, and recording; through arrangement of the scouring assembly and integration of the high-speed camera, accurate collection and quantitative analysis of core parameters such as the erosion rate and the sediment yield can be achieved, the structural strength design of key stress parts is optimized, damage of water flow scouring and sediment abrasion to an instrument is reduced, the service life of the instrument is prolonged, and the test stability of the instrument is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering, and particularly relates to a soil sample scouring experiment device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Loess stratum erosion is not only one of the key driving factors causing serious water and soil loss in a region, but also easily induces and significantly aggravates compound soil erosion processes such as gully erosion, collapse erosion and landslide erosion, and causes multiple superimposed influences on the regional ecological environment. Meanwhile, this phenomenon has continuously threatened the stability and safety of farmland infrastructure projects such as terrace construction, water storage and irrigation systems, and linear projects such as highways, railway trunk lines and oil and gas pipeline networks.

[0003] The impact resistance of loess is defined as the physical and mechanical properties of loess resisting particle dispersion and structure damage under the action of water flow impact. This index is a core parameter for quantitatively characterizing the erosion resistance of loess, and directly reflects the strength of the erosion resistance of loess. From the research logic, the quantitative research on the mechanical erosion rate of loess stratum must be based on the prerequisite of systematic research on the impact resistance of loess, and the two are closely related and technically dependent.

[0004] In some existing technologies, the soil impact resistance measuring instrument is limited by inherent defects such as poor rationality of structural design and poor adaptability of test conditions, and the measuring accuracy, data reliability and application range cannot meet the needs of accurate quantitative analysis of the impact resistance of loess. This technical bottleneck has become a key factor restricting the research on the erosion mechanism of loess stratum, the construction of erosion prediction models and the optimization of engineering protection technology. Therefore, the soil sample scouring experiment device and method are proposed to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the problems in the background art, the application provides a soil sample scouring experiment device and method.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the application provides the following technical scheme: a soil sample scouring experiment device, comprising a box body and a base, the outer wall of the base is fixedly connected with a support rod, further comprising: a scouring assembly arranged outside the box body; a prompting mechanism arranged on the box body; a supporting mechanism installed in the inner wall of the support rod; and an adjusting mechanism arranged on the base. The scouring assembly comprises a flow channel, the inner wall of the flow channel is provided with an energy dissipation pool, the outer wall of the flow channel is fixedly connected with a gradient meter, and the outer wall of the flow channel is provided with a sample loading groove; the scouring assembly further comprises a high-precision scale, a high-speed camera A and a high-speed camera B, and the outer wall of the high-precision scale is in contact with a measuring cylinder.

[0007] Preferably, the flow channel is hinged on the top end outer wall of the supporting rod, and the clinometer and the sample loading groove are welded on the flow channel.

[0008] Preferably, the prompting mechanism comprises a fixed block, an inner wall of the fixed block is elastically connected with a rotating shaft through a volute spring, an outer wall of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a prompting plate, the outer wall of the rotating shaft is provided with a groove, an inner wall of the fixed block is elastically connected with a protruding block through a connecting spring, the inner wall of the fixed block and the inner wall of the box body are slidably connected with an inclined block, the inner wall of the fixed block is slidably connected with a sliding rod, the inner wall of the box body is elastically connected with a water tank through a reset spring, an outer wall of the water tank is fixedly connected with a water outlet pipe, and the outer wall of the water outlet pipe is fixedly connected with an adjusting valve.

[0009] Preferably, the fixed block is fixedly connected on the outer wall of the box body, one end of the volute spring is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the fixed block, the other end of the volute spring is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the inner wall of the fixed block, one end of the reset spring is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the water tank, the other end of the reset spring is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the box body, and the water tank is slidably connected with the inner wall of the box body.

[0010] Preferably, one end of the connecting spring is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the protruding block, the other end of the connecting spring is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the fixed block, the protruding block is slidably connected with the inner wall of the fixed block, the protruding block is clamped with the groove, one end of the sliding rod is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the protruding block, and the other end of the sliding rod is slidably connected with the outer wall of the inclined block.

[0011] Preferably, the supporting mechanism comprises a bottom plate, an outer wall of the bottom plate is hingedly connected with a hinge rod, an outer wall of the hinge rod is rotatably connected with a sliding block, an inner wall of the sliding block is elastically connected with an inserting rod through a telescopic spring, and an outer wall of the supporting rod is provided with an inserting slot.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom plate is hingedly connected in the inner wall of the supporting rod, the sliding block is slidably connected with the outer wall of the supporting rod, one end of the telescopic spring is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the inserting rod, the other end of the telescopic spring is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the sliding block, the inserting rod is slidably connected with the inner wall of the sliding block, and the inserting rod is clamped with the inserting slot.

[0013] Preferably, the adjusting mechanism comprises an inclined rod, one end of the inclined rod is hingedly connected with the bottom end outer wall of the flow channel, the other end of the inclined rod is hingedly connected with a moving block, an inner wall of the moving block is elastically connected with a pulling rod through a compression spring, and an inner wall of the base is provided with a circular groove.

[0014] Preferably, the moving block is slidably connected in the inner wall of the base, one end of the compression spring is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the pulling rod, the other end of the compression spring is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the moving block, the pulling rod is slidably connected with the inner wall of the moving block, and the pulling rod is clamped with the circular groove.

[0015] The application also provides a soil sample scouring experiment device experiment method, which comprises the following steps: S1, using a sample preparation method to prepare loess samples with different water contents and different dry densities, weighing the total weight of the prepared samples and a square cutting ring together and recording, and adjusting the height of the samples to make the upper and lower ends of the samples and the end face of the cutting ring at the same horizontal plane; S2, according to the experimental design requirements, the flow channel is adjusted to a preset slope to ensure that the slope is stable and has no deviation, the sample with the cutting ring filled in S1 is installed into the sample groove to ensure that the sample is firmly installed and closely adheres to the sample groove without loosening; S3, the cylinder for collecting the scouring mud water is placed on a high-precision scale to ensure that the cylinder is directly opposite the sample scouring water drop point, high-speed camera A and high-speed camera B are respectively used to capture the real-time erosion form change of the loess sample in the scouring process and to track and record the dynamic change of the erosion amount with time, and finally, according to the experimental working condition requirements, the overall inclination angle of the flow channel is adjusted; S4, opening the faucet of the water outlet pipe, injecting water into the energy dissipation pool according to the set flow rate, ensuring that the water flow is uniformly injected into the flow channel, measuring the water flow depth in real time during the water injection process and recording, strictly controlling the initial scouring flow rate to be 0.02 L / s, keeping the water flow in a thin layer flow state, and recording the starting time of the scouring experiment at the same time, completing the water flow parameter adjustment and initial state confirmation; S5, continuously observing the sample scouring state and water flow form during the experiment, when any of the following conditions is met, immediately stop water supply: the maximum scouring depth of the sample reaches 2 cm, or the water flow on the sample surface changes from laminar flow to fine groove flow, after stopping the experiment, accurately recording the total scouring time, and synchronously stopping the high-speed camera shooting and the data recording of the high-precision scale; S6, taking down the remaining sample and the cutting ring, measuring the total volume of the mud water in the cylinder and recording, collecting the mud-containing sample from the cylinder, marking the sample, combining the initial total mass, total volume and other data of the sample recorded by the high-speed camera video recording, and preliminarily calculating the sediment loss amount related parameters; S7, replacing a new loess sample, according to the complete steps of S1 to S6, repeating the scouring experiment under different water contents, different dry densities, different scouring slopes and other preset working conditions, and recording in detail for each group of working condition experiments to ensure the repeatability and comparability of the experimental data.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects: The application can realize accurate collection and quantitative analysis of core parameters such as erosion rate and sediment yield by setting the flushing assembly, integrating a high-speed camera to record the erosion dynamic process of the loess sample and the sediment stripping and transport characteristics in real time, using rust-proof alloy steel as the main framework manufacturing material, optimizing the structural strength design of key stressed components, reducing the damage of water erosion and sediment wear to the instrument, and prolonging the service life and test stability. When the water in the water tank is close to being used up, the water tank moves up under the elastic force of the reset spring, and the inclined block is pressed to move up, the inclined block drives the protrusion and the groove to be out of contact, the limiting of the shaft and the prompt plate is released, the prompt plate can be automatically turned over under the action of the volute spring, and the side marked with the water shortage word is outward, which can attract the attention of the operator to add water, so that the problem that the operator cannot find in time due to insufficient water and affects the experiment progress is avoided. When the support mechanism is set, the support rod is pulled and the sliding block is moved downward, the bottom plate can be turned over downward through the hinge rod, and the support rod and the flow channel can be assisted and supported from both sides after the bottom plate contacts the ground, so that the problem that the flow channel is tilted due to external force collision during the experiment is avoided. Through the setting of the adjusting mechanism, the operator can move the moving block in the inner wall of the base by pulling the pull rod, drive the inclined rod to turn over, and drive the flow channel to turn over at the connection between the flow channel and the support rod as the center, so that the slope of the flow channel can be conveniently and quickly adjusted according to the experimental requirements, without the need to adjust by rotating the bolt, and the operation is simple. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a whole structure schematic diagram of the application; Figure 2 It is a box body section structure schematic diagram of the application; Figure 3 It is a fixed block and box body section structure schematic diagram of the application; Figure 4 It is a Figure 3 enlarged structure schematic diagram of part A of the application; Figure 5 It is a support mechanism and adjusting mechanism structure schematic diagram of the application; Figure 6 It is a support rod section and support mechanism structure schematic diagram of the application; Figure 7 It is an adjusting mechanism structure schematic diagram of the application; Figure 8 It is a Figure 7 enlarged structure schematic diagram of part B of the application.

[0018] In the figure: 100, box body; 101, flow channel; 102, energy dissipation pool; 103, slope meter; 104, sample loading groove; 105, high-precision scale; 106, measuring cylinder; 107, high-speed camera A; 108, high-speed camera B; 200, prompting mechanism; 201, fixed block; 202, prompting plate; 203, rotating shaft; 204, volute spring; 205, groove; 206, connecting spring; 207, protrusion; 208, inclined block; 209, sliding rod; 210, return spring; 211, water tank; 300, supporting mechanism; 301, bottom plate; 302, hinged rod; 303, sliding block; 304, extension spring; 305, insertion rod; 306, insertion slot; 400, adjusting mechanism; 401, inclined rod; 402, moving block; 403, compression spring; 404, pull rod; 405, circular groove; 500, base; 600, supporting rod; 700, water outlet pipe; 800, adjusting valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0020] As shown in the drawings, Figures 1 to 8 The present application provides a soil sample scouring experimental device, which comprises a box body 100 and a base 500, the outer wall of the base 500 is fixedly connected with a supporting rod 600, and further comprises a scouring assembly, a prompting mechanism 200, a supporting mechanism 300 and an adjusting mechanism 400. The scouring assembly comprises a flow channel 101, the inner wall of the flow channel 101 is provided with an energy dissipation pool 102, the outer wall of the flow channel 101 is fixedly connected with a slope meter 103, and the outer wall of the flow channel 101 is provided with a sample loading groove 104; the scouring assembly further comprises a high-precision scale 105, a high-speed camera A 107 and a high-speed camera B 108, and the outer wall of the high-precision scale 105 is in contact with a measuring cylinder 106.

[0021] As shown in the drawings, Figures 1 to 8 The slope meter 103 and the sample loading groove 104 are both welded on the flow channel 101.

[0022] With the above scheme: the box 100 is provided with a water inlet, through which the flushing water can be injected into the internal water tank 211, the prompt mechanism 200 can automatically prompt the operator to replenish water in time when the water in the water tank 211 is close to being used up, so as to avoid the influence of water shortage on the experimental process, the water tank 211 and the box 100 are made of rust-proof alloy steel; the base 500 and the supporting rod 600 are used to support the flow channel 101, which is also made of rust-proof alloy steel, which can improve the overall supportability, the angle of the flow channel 101 can be adjusted through the adjusting mechanism 400, the soil sample is simulated under different slope flushing experiments, the supporting mechanism 300 is used to improve the stability of the flow channel 101, so as to avoid the influence of collision or other external force on the experimental process; the flow channel 101 is provided with a baffle, the baffle is not in contact with the inner wall of the bottom end of the flow channel 101 and leaves a certain distance, the baffle is arranged in the left inner wall of the flow channel 101, this part is the energy dissipation pool 102, which can reduce the flow rate of water and stabilize the flow state, the soil sample can be placed in the cutting ring, and the whole is fixed in the sample loading groove 104, and the sample loading groove 104 is made of rust-proof alloy steel and welded, the size is 200mm*100mm*100mm, the water and soil sample after flushing will enter the measuring cylinder 106, the weight is measured by the high-precision scale 105, the high-speed camera A 107 and the high-speed camera B 108 can capture the morphological change of the soil sample in real time when the soil sample is flushed, and the erosion amount changes with time.

[0023] As shown in Figures 2 to 4 The prompt mechanism 200 includes a fixed block 201, the inner wall of the fixed block 201 is elastically connected with a rotating shaft 203 through a volute spring 204, the outer wall of the rotating shaft 203 is fixedly connected with a prompt plate 202, the outer wall of the rotating shaft 203 is provided with a groove 205, the inner wall of the fixed block 201 is elastically connected with a protruding block 207 through a connecting spring 206, the inner wall of the fixed block 201 and the inner wall of the box 100 are slidingly connected with an inclined block 208, the inner wall of the fixed block 201 is slidingly connected with a sliding rod 209, the inner wall of the box 100 is elastically connected with a water tank 211 through a return spring 210, the outer wall of the water tank 211 is fixedly connected with a water outlet pipe 700, and the outer wall of the water outlet pipe 700 is fixedly connected with an adjusting valve 800.

[0024] With the above scheme: the prompt board 202 in the prompting mechanism 200 is provided with a water shortage prompt on one side and a whiteboard on the other side. When the water tank 211 contains more water, the reset spring 210 is compressed due to gravity, the water tank 211 moves downward as a whole in the inner wall of the box body 100, and the whiteboard of the prompt board 202 faces away from the outside, indicating that the water is sufficient at this time. After the water in the water tank 211 is used, the weight decreases and the water tank 211 moves upward under the elastic force of the reset spring 210. The water outlet pipe 700 penetrates the outer wall of the box body 100 and can move up and down synchronously with the water tank 211. After the water tank 211 moves upward, the outer wall of the top end presses the inclined block 208 to move upward, which can drive the prompt board 202 to automatically flip over through the inclined block 208, so that the side with the water shortage prompt is flipped outward. The operator can see the water shortage prompt and add water in time, so that the prompt effect is more eye-catching. The adjusting valve 800 can be used to adjust the water flow of the water outlet pipe 700, so that the soil sample can be washed under different water flows.

[0025] As shown in Figures 2 to 4 The fixed block 201 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the box body 100, one end of the volute spring 204 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed block 201, the other end of the volute spring 204 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft 203, the rotating shaft 203 is rotationally connected to the inner wall of the fixed block 201, one end of the reset spring 210 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the water tank 211, the other end of the reset spring 210 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the box body 100, and the water tank 211 is slidingly connected to the inner wall of the box body 100.

[0026] Adopt the above scheme: under normal circumstances, when the water tank 211 is sufficient, the whiteboard of the prompt board 202 faces outward, the volute spring 204 is in a contracted state, the protruding block 207 is popped out and is clamped with a group of grooves 205 under the elastic force of the connecting spring 206, the position of the fixed rotating shaft 203 and the prompt board 202 is fixed, the protruding block 207 drives the sliding rod 209 to contact the top inclined surface of the inclined block 208; when the water is almost used up, the reset spring 210 supports the water tank 211 to move upward, the top end of the water tank 211 will extrude the inclined block 208 to make it move upward vertically, the inclined surface of the inclined block 208 pulls the sliding rod 209 to move, since the sliding rod 209 and the protruding block 207 can only move horizontally, the protruding block 207 will be driven to move and be separated from the grooves 205, the limiting of the rotating shaft 203 is released, the volute spring 204 is stretched due to the elastic force and drives the rotating shaft 203 and the prompt board 202 to turn over 180°, so that the prompt board 202 turns over 180° and the side with the prompt words faces outward, so that the prompt effect can be automatically achieved when the water is insufficient; when the operator fills water into the water tank 211, the prompt board 202 can be manually turned over 180° in the reverse direction, after the water tank 211 is filled with water, the water tank 211 will move downward again and be separated from the inclined block 208, the protruding block 207 is popped out and is clamped with the grooves 205 under the elastic force of the connecting spring 206, so that the fixing of the rotating shaft 203 can be completed, and the initial state is returned.

[0027] As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the support mechanism 300 comprises a bottom plate 301, the outer wall of the bottom plate 301 is hinged with a hinge rod 302, the outer wall of the hinge rod 302 is rotationally connected with a sliding block 303, the inner wall of the sliding block 303 is elastically connected with a plug rod 305 through a telescopic spring 304, and the outer wall of the support rod 600 is provided with a plug slot 306.

[0028] Adopt the above scheme: the support mechanism 300 is used for supporting the two sides of the flow channel 101, so as to prevent it from being tilted due to external force, and the support mechanism 300 can be folded when not in use, thereby reducing the occupied space; the bottom plate 301 can be turned over up and down, and when it is turned over to contact the ground, it can be fixed through the limiting of the hinge rod 302 and the sliding block 303, and it can be supported from both sides; the plug slot 306 is provided with two groups of upper and lower plug slots, and the sliding block 303 can be fixed at the upper and lower positions through the clamping of the plug rod 305 in the sliding block 303 and the plug slot 306.

[0029] As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the bottom plate 301 is hinged in the inner wall of the support rod 600, the sliding block 303 is slidingly connected with the outer wall of the support rod 600, one end of the telescopic spring 304 is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the plug rod 305, the other end of the telescopic spring 304 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the sliding block 303, the plug rod 305 is slidingly connected with the inner wall of the sliding block 303, and the plug rod 305 is clamped with the plug slot 306.

[0030] With the above scheme: when the operator pulls out the plug rod 305, the extension spring 304 is compressed and retracted, and the plug rod 305 is disengaged from the plug slot 306, so that the limit of the sliding block 303 is released and the sliding block 303 is vertically moved; when the sliding block 303 moves, the hinged rod 302 connected with one end of the sliding block 303 moves synchronously, the other end of the hinged rod 302 flips and drives the bottom plate 301 to flip up and down, so that the state of the supporting mechanism 300 as a whole is adjusted; when the sliding block 303 moves downward to the position corresponding to the plug slot 306 below, the plug rod 305 is released, and the extension spring 304 drives the plug rod 305 to pop out and be clamped with the plug slot 306, so that the bottom plate 301 is fixed in the unfolded state, and vice versa, when the plug rod 305 is clamped with the plug slot 306 above, the bottom plate 301 is in the folded state.

[0031] As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the adjusting mechanism 400 includes a slope rod 401, one end of the slope rod 401 is hinged with the outer wall of the bottom end of the flow channel 101, the other end of the slope rod 401 is hinged with a moving block 402, the inner wall of the moving block 402 is elastically connected with a pull rod 404 through a compression spring 403, and the inner wall of the base 500 is provided with a circular groove 405.

[0032] With the above scheme: the adjusting mechanism 400 is used for conveniently and quickly adjusting the inclination of the flow channel 101, the adjusting mechanism 400 is arranged on one side of the flow channel 101, the slope rod 401 in the adjusting mechanism 400 can drive one end of the flow channel 101 to move up and down, the center part of the bottom end of the flow channel 101 is hinged with the supporting rod 600, and the flow channel 101 can be flipped around the center; the moving block 402 can move transversely in the inner wall of the base 500, the angle of the slope rod 401 is adjusted, and a plurality of groups of circular grooves 405 are arranged in the base 500, the slope rod 401 can be fixed at a plurality of different angles through the clamping of the pull rod 404 and the circular groove 405, and then the flow channel 101 is fixed at different slopes.

[0033] As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the moving block 402 is slidingly connected in the inner wall of the base 500, one end of the compression spring 403 is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the pull rod 404, the other end of the compression spring 403 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the moving block 402, the pull rod 404 is slidingly connected with the inner wall of the moving block 402, and the pull rod 404 is clamped with the circular groove 405.

[0034] With the above scheme: under normal circumstances, the pull rod 404 is in a downward pop-out state due to the elastic force of the compression spring 403 and is in contact with the circular groove 405; when the moving block 402 needs to be moved laterally, the pull rod 404 can be pulled upward to disengage from the circular groove 405, so that the moving block 402 is released from the limit and can be moved; in the moving process, the oblique rod 401 moves synchronously at one end connected thereto, and the other end of the oblique rod 401 pushes one end of the flow channel 101 to turn upward or downward; when the moving block 402 moves towards the side close to the support rod 600, the top end of the oblique rod 401 moves upward to push the left side of the flow channel 101 to turn upward, so that the slope increases; conversely, when the moving block 402 moves away from the side of the support rod 600, the right side of the flow channel 101 turns upward, so that the slope decreases; when the moving block 402 moves to the position corresponding to the pull rod 404 and the circular groove 405, the compression spring 403 drives the pull rod 404 to pop out due to the elastic force and engage with the circular groove 405, so as to fix the state of the oblique rod 401, and further fix the slope of the flow channel 101; this adjustment mode is relatively simple, does not need to adjust the slope of the flow channel 101 by rotating the bolt, is more convenient and fast, and improves the adjustment efficiency.

[0035] The application also provides a soil sample scouring experiment device and an experiment method thereof. S1, preparing loess samples with different water contents and different dry densities by using a sample pressing method, weighing the prepared samples together with a square cutting ring, and recording the total weight, and adjusting the height of the samples to make the upper and lower ends of the samples and the end faces of the cutting ring be at the same horizontal plane; S2, adjusting the flow channel 101 to a preset slope according to the experimental design requirements, ensuring that the slope is stable and has no deviation, installing the cutting ring sample filled in S1 into the sample installation groove 104, and ensuring that the sample is firmly installed and closely adheres to the sample groove without looseness; S3, placing the collection cylinder 106 for scouring muddy water on the high-precision scale 105, ensuring that the collection cylinder 106 is directly opposite the water falling point of the sample, and using the high-speed camera A 107 and the high-speed camera B 108 to capture the real-time erosion form change of the loess sample in the scouring process and track and record the dynamic change of the erosion amount with time, and finally adjusting the overall inclination angle of the flow channel 101 according to the experimental working condition requirements; S4, opening the faucet of the water outlet pipe 700, and injecting water into the energy dissipation pool 102 at a set flow rate, ensuring that the water flow is uniformly injected into the flow channel 101, measuring the water flow depth in real time during the water injection process and recording it, strictly controlling the initial scouring flow rate to be 0.02 L / s, keeping the water flow in a thin layer flow state, recording the starting time of the scouring experiment at the same time, and completing the water flow parameter adjustment and initial state confirmation; S5, continuously observe the sample scouring state and water flow pattern during the experiment, and stop water supply immediately when any of the following conditions is met: the maximum scouring depth of the sample reaches 2cm, or the water flow on the surface of the sample changes from laminar flow to fine groove flow; after stopping the experiment, accurately record the total scouring time, and simultaneously stop the data recording of the high-speed camera and the high-precision scale 105; S6, remove the remaining sample and the cutting ring, measure the total volume of the mud water in the measuring cylinder 106 and record it, collect the mud-containing sample from the measuring cylinder 106, mark the sample, and combine the initial total mass, total volume and other data recorded by the high-speed camera video recording to preliminarily calculate the sediment loss parameters; S7, replace the new loess sample, and repeat the scouring experiment under different water contents, different dry densities, different scouring slopes and other preset working conditions according to the complete steps of S1 to S6, and make detailed records for each group of working condition experiments to ensure the repeatability and comparability of the experimental data.

[0036] The working principle and use process of the application are as follows: Before the experiment, the operator can pull out the insertion rod 305 to make the insertion rod 305 and the upper insertion slot 306 of the supporting rod 600 disengage, release the limit of the sliding block 303, and then move the sliding block 303 downward to drive the hinged rod 302 to rotate, and simultaneously drive the bottom plate 301 to flip to be completely in contact with the ground. At this time, the insertion rod 305 corresponds to the position of the lower insertion slot 306, the insertion rod 305 is loosened, the extension spring 304 is reset to drive the insertion rod 305 to pop out and be clamped with the lower insertion slot 306, the positions of the sliding block 303 and the bottom plate 301 are fixed, the supporting mechanism 300 is unfolded, and the bottom plate 301 can guarantee the stability of the flow channel 101 during the experiment.

[0037] Then the required amount of water for the experiment can be injected into the water tank 211 through the water inlet on the box body 100, the water tank 211 compresses the reset spring 210 under the action of gravity, moves downward along the inner wall of the box body 100, and the prompt plate 202 is in the state of white plate facing outward; then the slope of the flow channel 101 is adjusted according to the experimental requirements, the operator pulls the pull rod 404 upward to make the pull rod 404 disengage from a group of circular grooves 405, and then the moving block 402 can be moved horizontally, and in the moving process, the inclined rod 401 drives the flow channel 101 to flip around the hinged point of the flow channel 101 and the supporting rod 600, when the slope of the flow channel 101 reaches the preset value observed through the slope meter 103, the moving of the moving block 402 is stopped, the pull rod 404 is loosened, the compression spring 403 is reset to drive the pull rod 404 to pop out and be clamped with the corresponding circular groove 405, the positions of the moving block 402 and the inclined rod 401 are fixed, and the slope adjustment of the flow channel 101 is completed conveniently and quickly.

[0038] After the preparation work is completed, the soil sample scouring experiment can be carried out, if the water in the water tank 211 is reduced to near depletion during the experiment, the weight of the water tank 211 is reduced, the return spring 210 loses the gravity pressure and resets upward, driving the water tank 211 to move upward along the inner wall of the tank body 100; the top outer wall of the water tank 211 extrudes the bottom slope of the slope block 208, pushing the slope block 208 to move vertically upward, the slope drives the slide rod 209 and the protrusion 207 to move horizontally, making the protrusion 207 and the groove 205 disengage, releasing the limit of the rotating shaft 203; at this time, the spiral spring 204 stretches under the action of the elastic force, driving the rotating shaft 203 to rotate 180° around the inner wall of the fixed block 201, the rotating shaft 203 synchronously drives the prompt plate 202 to overturn 180°, making the side marked with the water shortage prompt character face outward, attracting the attention of the operator to add water, after the operator adds water to the water tank 211, the experiment can be resumed, the prompting effect is good, and the problem that the insufficient water in the water tank 211 affects the progress of the scouring experiment is avoided.

[0039] It should be noted that, in the present document, relational terms such as first and second and the like can be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but can include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0040] While embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the application is not limited to the details of the embodiments described, since numerous further modifications and changes can be apparent to one skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the application. The scope of the application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A soil erosion test apparatus, comprising a housing (100) and a base (500), characterized in that: The outer wall of the base (500) is fixedly connected to a support rod (600), and also includes: A flushing assembly, the flushing assembly being disposed outside the housing (100); A prompting mechanism (200) is provided on the housing (100); A support mechanism (300) is installed in the inner wall of the support rod (600); An adjustment mechanism (400) is provided on a base (500); The flushing assembly includes a flow channel (101), an energy dissipation pool (102) is provided on the inner wall of the flow channel (101), a slope meter (103) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the flow channel (101), and a sample loading groove (104) is opened on the outer wall of the flow channel (101). The flushing assembly also includes a high-precision scale (105), a high-speed camera A (107), and a high-speed camera B (108), with a measuring cylinder (106) in contact with the outer wall of the high-precision scale (105).

2. The soil erosion test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow channel (101) is hinged to the top outer wall of the support rod (600), and the inclinometer (103) and sample loading groove (104) are both welded to the flow channel (101).

3. The soil sample erosion test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prompting mechanism (200) includes a fixed block (201), the inner wall of the fixed block (201) is elastically connected to a rotating shaft (203) via a spiral spring (204), the outer wall of the rotating shaft (203) is fixedly connected to a prompting plate (202), the outer wall of the rotating shaft (203) is provided with a groove (205), the inner wall of the fixed block (201) is elastically connected to a protrusion (207) via a connecting spring (206), the inner wall of the fixed block (201) and the inner wall of the box (100) are slidably connected to a slope block (208), the inner wall of the fixed block (201) is slidably connected to a slide rod (209), the inner wall of the box (100) is elastically connected to a water tank (211) via a reset spring (210), the outer wall of the water tank (211) is fixedly connected to a water outlet pipe (700), and the outer wall of the water outlet pipe (700) is fixedly connected to a regulating valve (800).

4. The soil erosion test apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fixing block (201) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the box (100). One end of the spiral spring (204) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixing block (201), and the other end of the spiral spring (204) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft (203). The rotating shaft (203) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the fixing block (201). One end of the return spring (210) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the water tank (211), and the other end of the return spring (210) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the box (100). The water tank (211) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the box (100).

5. The soil erosion test apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the connecting spring (206) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the protrusion (207), and the other end of the connecting spring (206) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixing block (201). The protrusion (207) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixing block (201). The protrusion (207) is engaged with the groove (205). One end of the slide rod (209) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the protrusion (207), and the other end of the slide rod (209) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the inclined block (208).

6. The soil erosion test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support mechanism (300) includes a base plate (301), a hinge rod (302) is hinged to the outer wall of the base plate (301), a slider (303) is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the hinge rod (302), an insert rod (305) is elastically connected to the inner wall of the slider (303) through a telescopic spring (304), and a slot (306) is provided on the outer wall of the support rod (600).

7. The soil erosion test apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that: The base plate (301) is hinged to the inner wall of the support rod (600), the slider (303) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the support rod (600), one end of the telescopic spring (304) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the insertion rod (305), the other end of the telescopic spring (304) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the slider (303), the insertion rod (305) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the slider (303), and the insertion rod (305) is engaged with the slot (306).

8. The soil erosion test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism (400) includes a slant rod (401), one end of which is hinged to the bottom outer wall of the flow channel (101), and the other end of which is hinged to a moving block (402). The inner wall of the moving block (402) is elastically connected to a pull rod (404) via a compression spring (403). The inner wall of the base (500) is provided with a circular groove (405).

9. The soil erosion test apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that: The movable block (402) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the base (500). One end of the compression spring (403) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the pull rod (404). The other end of the compression spring (403) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the movable block (402). The pull rod (404) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the movable block (402). The pull rod (404) is engaged with the circular groove (405).

10. A method for testing a soil erosion apparatus, applied to a soil erosion apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Loess samples with different moisture contents and dry densities were prepared by pressing. The total weight of the prepared samples and the square ring cutter was weighed and recorded. At the same time, the height of the samples was adjusted so that the upper and lower ends of the samples were at the same level as the end face of the ring cutter. S2. According to the experimental design requirements, adjust the flow channel (101) to the preset slope to ensure that the slope is stable and without deviation. Install the sample with ring cutter that has been filled in S1 into the sample loading groove (104) to ensure that the sample is installed firmly and fits tightly with the sample groove without any looseness. S3. Place the measuring cylinder (106) for collecting the scouring mud and water on the high-precision scale (105) to ensure that the measuring cylinder (106) is facing the scouring point of the sample. High-speed camera A (107) and high-speed camera B (108) are used to capture the real-time erosion morphology changes of the loess sample during the scouring process and to track and record the dynamic changes of the erosion amount over time. Finally, adjust the overall tilt angle of the flow channel (101) according to the experimental conditions. S4. Turn on the tap of the water outlet pipe (700) and inject water into the energy dissipation tank (102) at the set flow rate to ensure that the water flow is evenly injected into the flow channel (101). During the water injection process, measure and record the water flow depth in real time, strictly control the initial flushing flow rate to 0.02L / s, keep the water flow in a thin laminar flow state, and record the start time of the flushing experiment to complete the water flow parameter debugging and initial state confirmation. S5. During the experiment, continuously observe the scouring state and water flow pattern of the sample. When any of the following conditions are met, immediately stop the water supply: the maximum scouring depth of the sample reaches 2cm, or the water flow on the sample surface changes from laminar flow to fine channel flow. After stopping the experiment, accurately record the total scouring time and simultaneously stop the high-speed camera shooting and the high-precision scale (105) data recording. S6. Remove the remaining sample and ring cutter, measure and record the total volume of mud and water in the measuring cylinder (106), collect mud-containing samples from the measuring cylinder (106), mark the samples, and combine the initial total mass and total volume of the samples recorded by the high-speed camera with other data to preliminarily calculate the relevant parameters of mud and sand loss. S7. Replace with new loess samples and repeat the scouring experiment under preset working conditions such as different moisture contents, different dry densities, and different scouring slopes, following the complete steps from S1 to S6. Make detailed records for each set of working conditions to ensure the repeatability and comparability of the experimental data.

Images