Fly ash carbon content measuring method and device, storage medium and computer equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of thermal control, in particular to a fly ash carbon content measuring method and device, a storage medium and computer equipment. The method comprises the following steps: in a calibration stage, acquiring calibration microwave transmission parameter amplitude attenuation at different calibration ash positions formed by stacking microwave signals in a hollow metal waveguide tube under a plurality of preset masses of calibration ash samples with different preset carbon contents; and establishing a fitting model between the amplitude attenuation of the microwave transmission parameters and the carbon content under the fitting gray level. In the measurement stage, measurement microwave transmission parameter amplitude attenuation of a microwave signal under at least two different measurement ash positions of a to-be-measured ash sample is obtained, target microwave transmission parameter amplitude attenuation of the microwave signal under a fitting ash position of the to-be-measured ash sample is obtained through linear calculation, and finally the carbon content of the to-be-measured ash sample is obtained through calculation of a fitting model. According to the method, the influence of the fly ash filling mass change on the measurement result is effectively eliminated, so that the measurement result of the fly ash carbon content is not interfered by the ash level fluctuation any more.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of thermal control technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, storage medium and computer equipment for measuring the carbon content of fly ash. Background Technology

[0002] In the operation of coal-fired power plants, the carbon content of fly ash is a key parameter for measuring boiler combustion efficiency, and is crucial for optimizing combustion, reducing coal consumption, and reducing pollutant emissions.

[0003] In related technologies, the waveguide method is used to measure the carbon content of fly ash. However, when using the waveguide method, the different mass of fly ash inside the hollow metal waveguide (i.e., different ash positions formed by fly ash accumulation) directly affects the attenuation of the microwave signal, which in turn directly affects the measurement result of the carbon content of fly ash, making it difficult to meet the urgent need of thermal power plants for real-time and accurate detection of the carbon content of fly ash. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides a method, apparatus, storage medium and computer equipment for measuring the carbon content of fly ash. By measuring multiple ash levels and normalizing the fitted ash levels, the influence of the change in the filling mass of fly ash in the hollow metal waveguide on the measurement results is effectively eliminated, so that the measurement results of the carbon content of fly ash are no longer affected by the fluctuation of ash levels, and the accurate and stable detection of the carbon content of fly ash is achieved.

[0005] According to one aspect of this application, a method for measuring the carbon content of fly ash is provided, comprising: Acquire calibration data, which includes the amplitude attenuation of calibration microwave transmission parameters at different calibration gray levels formed by calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents and different preset masses in the hollow metal waveguide. Based on the calibration data, a fitting model is determined between the amplitude attenuation of microwave transmission parameters and carbon content at the fitted gray level, wherein the fitted gray level is determined according to the calibrated gray level. The amplitude attenuation of the microwave signal as a measurement microwave transmission parameter is obtained at different measurement gray levels formed by the gray sample to be tested. Based on the measured microwave transmission parameter amplitude attenuation, the target microwave transmission parameter amplitude attenuation of the microwave signal at the fitted gray position formed by the gray sample to be tested is determined; The carbon content of the gray sample to be tested is determined based on the fitting model and the amplitude attenuation of the target microwave transmission parameters.

[0006] According to another aspect of this application, a fly ash carbon content measuring device is provided, comprising: The calibration module is used to acquire calibration data, which includes the amplitude attenuation of the calibration microwave transmission parameter at different calibration gray levels formed by calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents and different preset masses in the hollow metal waveguide; and, based on the calibration data, to determine a fitting model between the amplitude attenuation of the microwave transmission parameter at the fitting gray level and the carbon content, wherein the fitting gray level is determined according to the calibration gray level. The measurement module is used to acquire the amplitude attenuation of the measured microwave transmission parameters of the microwave signal at different measured gray positions formed by the gray sample to be tested; and, based on the amplitude attenuation of the measured microwave transmission parameters, to determine the target amplitude attenuation of the microwave signal at the fitted gray position formed by the gray sample to be tested; and, based on the fitted model and the target amplitude attenuation of the microwave transmission parameters, to determine the carbon content of the gray sample to be tested.

[0007] According to another aspect of this application, a readable storage medium is provided having a program or instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the above-described fly ash carbon content measurement method.

[0008] According to another aspect of this application, a computer device is provided, including a storage medium, a processor, and a computer program stored on the storage medium and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the above-described fly ash carbon content measurement method.

[0009] By employing the above technical solution, this application provides a method, apparatus, storage medium, and computer equipment for measuring the carbon content of fly ash. In the calibration stage, by acquiring the amplitude attenuation of the calibration microwave transmission parameter at different calibration gray positions formed by the accumulation of microwave signals in hollow metal waveguides under multiple preset masses of calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents, a fitting model is established between the amplitude attenuation of the microwave transmission parameter at the fitted gray position and the carbon content. In the measurement stage, by acquiring the amplitude attenuation of the measured microwave transmission parameter at at least two different measurement gray positions of the sample to be measured, the target microwave transmission parameter amplitude attenuation of the microwave signal at the fitted gray position of the sample to be measured is obtained through linear calculation. Finally, the carbon content of the sample to be measured is calculated through the fitting model. This application, through multi-gray-position measurement and fitted gray-position normalization processing, effectively eliminates the influence of changes in the fly ash filling mass within the hollow metal waveguide on the measurement results, ensuring that the fly ash carbon content measurement results are no longer affected by gray position fluctuations, significantly improving measurement accuracy and stability, and achieving accurate and reliable online detection of fly ash carbon content.

[0010] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0011] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of the fly ash carbon content measurement method provided in an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for measuring the carbon content of fly ash according to another embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fly ash carbon content measurement system provided in another embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 4 The amplitude attenuation curve of the first calibrated microwave transmission parameter provided in another embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 5 The second calibration microwave transmission parameter amplitude attenuation curve provided in another embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 6 A structural block diagram of the fly ash carbon content measuring device provided in an embodiment of this application is shown; Explanation of reference numerals in the accompanying drawings: 1. Upper isolator of the waveguide; 2. Lower isolator of the waveguide; 3. Baffle; 4. Upper coaxial converter; 5. Mica sheet; 6. Coaxial connecting line; 7. Vector network analyzer; 8. Hollow metal waveguide; 9. Gray sample; 10. Lower coaxial converter; 11. Input port; 12. Receiver port. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other.

[0013] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0014] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term “comprising” as used in this application means the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we say an element is “connected” or “attached” to another element, it can be directly connected or attached to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. Furthermore, “connected” or “attached” as used herein can include wireless connections or wireless interconnections. The term “and / or” as used herein includes all or any unit and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0015] Exemplary embodiments according to this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application is thorough and complete, and that the concept of these exemplary embodiments is fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0016] This application provides a method for measuring the carbon content of fly ash, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: Step 101: Obtain calibration data.

[0017] The calibration data includes the amplitude attenuation of calibration microwave transmission parameters at different calibration gray levels formed by calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents and different preset masses inside the hollow metal waveguide.

[0018] This embodiment includes a calibration stage and a measurement stage. Steps 101-102 belong to the calibration stage, and steps 103-105 belong to the measurement stage.

[0019] In this step, by injecting various calibration gray samples with known preset carbon contents into a hollow metal waveguide, the calibration microwave reflection parameters and calibration microwave transmission parameters are obtained for different calibration gray positions formed by the accumulation of microwave signals within the hollow metal waveguide at least two different preset masses for each preset carbon content. Furthermore, based on the reference microwave transmission parameters and reference microwave reflection parameters of the microwave signal in the hollow metal waveguide under ash-free conditions, the values ​​of each calibration gray position are determined, and the amplitude attenuation of the calibration microwave transmission parameters at different calibration gray positions formed by the accumulation of calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents and masses is determined. Thus, calibration data is obtained.

[0020] Step 102: Based on the calibration data, determine the fitting model between the amplitude attenuation of microwave transmission parameters and carbon content at the fitted gray level.

[0021] Among them, the fitted gray level is determined based on the calibrated gray level.

[0022] In this step, based on calibration data, the target preset mass is first determined according to the fitting curve of microwave transmission parameter amplitude attenuation versus carbon content under each preset mass. Then, the fitted gray level is determined based on the calibration gray level under the target preset mass. Next, by linearly interpolating the amplitude attenuation of the calibration microwave transmission parameters at different calibration gray levels for the same preset carbon content, the amplitude attenuation of the fitted microwave transmission parameters at each preset carbon content under the fitted gray level is calculated. Finally, linear fitting is performed on the amplitude attenuation of the fitted microwave transmission parameters corresponding to different preset carbon contents to establish a fitting model between the amplitude attenuation of the microwave transmission parameters and the carbon content at the fitted gray level.

[0023] Step 103: Obtain the amplitude attenuation of the microwave transmission parameter at different measurement gray levels formed by the microwave signal in the gray sample to be tested.

[0024] In this step, the amplitude attenuation of the microwave signal at at least two different measurement gray levels of the gray sample is obtained. The measurement gray level is controlled by a preset first gray level setting value and a second gray level setting value, wherein the first gray level setting value is less than the fitted gray level and the second gray level setting value is greater than the fitted gray level. The measurement process is based on the same reference microwave transmission parameters as in step 102 to calculate the amplitude attenuation.

[0025] Step 104: Based on the measured amplitude attenuation of microwave transmission parameters, determine the target amplitude attenuation of microwave signal at the fitted gray level formed by the gray sample to be measured.

[0026] In this step, corresponding to the number of gray level settings, two gray levels are measured on the gray sample to be tested for linear interpolation, namely the first measured gray level and the second measured gray level. By linearly interpolating the amplitude attenuation of the first measured microwave transmission parameter at the first measured gray level formed by the accumulation of microwave signal in the gray sample to be tested and the amplitude attenuation of the second measured microwave transmission parameter at the second measured gray level, the target microwave transmission parameter amplitude attenuation of microwave signal at the fitted gray level formed by the accumulation of microwave signal in the gray sample to be tested is determined.

[0027] Step 105: Determine the carbon content of the gray sample to be tested based on the fitted model and the amplitude attenuation of the target microwave transmission parameters.

[0028] In this step, the amplitude attenuation of the target microwave transmission parameter is substituted into the fitting model to calculate the carbon content of the gray sample to be tested.

[0029] Another embodiment of this application provides a method for measuring the carbon content of fly ash, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the method includes: Step 201: Obtain the reference microwave transmission parameters and reference microwave reflection parameters of the microwave signal inside the hollow metal waveguide in the ash-free state.

[0030] This embodiment includes a calibration stage and a measurement stage. Steps 201-206 belong to the calibration stage. Steps 207-208 belong to the measurement stage.

[0031] In this embodiment, the following settings are pre-configured: Figure 3 The fly ash carbon content measurement system is shown. The system contains a hollow metal waveguide 8 that holds the fly ash sample 9. An upper isolator 1 and a lower isolator 2 are respectively installed at both ends of the hollow metal waveguide 8 in the axial direction. A baffle 3 is installed at the end of the hollow metal waveguide 8 near the lower isolator 2 for fixation and sealing. An upper coaxial converter 4 is installed on the outside of the end of the hollow metal waveguide 8 near the upper isolator 1, and a lower coaxial converter 10 is installed on the outside of the end of the hollow metal waveguide 8 near the lower isolator 2. Both the upper coaxial converter 4 and the lower coaxial converter 10 are connected to a vector network analyzer 7 via a coaxial cable 6. The vector network analyzer 7 has two physical ports: an input port 11 and a receiving port 12. The vector network analyzer 7 generates microwave signals. Input port 11 transmits these signals to coaxial cable 6, allowing the upper coaxial converter 4 to effectively couple the microwave signals emitted from input port 11 into the hollow metal waveguide 8. After successful coupling into the hollow metal waveguide 8 via the upper coaxial converter 4, the microwave signals propagate forward along the axial direction of the waveguide 8. When gray samples 9 are present within the hollow metal waveguide 8, the microwave signals interact with these gray sample particles. Due to their dielectric properties, the carbon particles in the gray sample 9 strongly absorb microwave energy and convert it into heat, causing the amplitude of the microwave signal to attenuate. Simultaneously, the presence of gray sample 9, as a dielectric material, also alters the propagation phase of the microwave signal. Furthermore, when the microwave signal encounters obstacles or interfaces with different dielectric constants within the hollow metal waveguide 8, such as the upper isolator 1, the lower isolator 2, or the "air-gray sample" interface, partial reflection occurs. Finally, the microwave signal that passes through the hollow metal waveguide 8 and reaches the other end of the hollow metal waveguide 8 is received by the lower coaxial converter 10 and transmitted back to the receiving port 12 of the vector network analyzer 7 via the coaxial connection line 6. Here, a mica sheet 5 is also provided near the lower coaxial converter 10 in the hollow metal waveguide 8 to achieve electrical insulation, sealing and high temperature resistance, while ensuring efficient transmission of microwave signals.

[0032] In this step, all materials inside the hollow metal waveguide are emptied to ensure that the interior of the hollow metal waveguide is clean and empty, without any previously remaining fly ash, dust, or other debris. The total physical length of the hollow metal waveguide is then measured to obtain the hollow metal waveguide in its ash-free state. Then, the reference S11 and reference S21 parameters of the microwave signal inside the hollow metal waveguide in the ash-free state are measured respectively.

[0033] It should be noted that the ash sample is a fly ash sample, and the accumulation height of the ash sample in the hollow metal waveguide 8 is the ash position. The S11 parameter, also known as the input reflection coefficient, is used as the microwave reflection parameter in this embodiment. The S11 parameter refers to the amount of microwave signal emitted from the input port of the vector network analyzer that is reflected back to the input port and measured after encountering impedance changes during propagation within the hollow metal waveguide. The S11 parameter is a complex number; its amplitude represents the ratio of the intensity of the emitted microwave signal to the intensity of the reflected microwave signal. A smaller S11 parameter amplitude indicates less reflection, and a larger S11 parameter amplitude indicates stronger reflection. The phase of the S11 parameter represents the waveform offset of the reflected microwave signal relative to the emitted microwave signal, reflecting the delay in microwave signal propagation and the electrical characteristics of the reflecting interface. The S21 parameter, also known as the forward transmission coefficient, is used as the microwave transmission parameter in this embodiment. The S21 parameter refers to the percentage of the microwave signal emitted from the input port of the vector network analyzer that passes through the hollow metal waveguide and is received at the receiving port of the vector network analyzer. The S21 parameter is also a complex number; its amplitude represents the intensity change of the microwave signal after passing through the hollow metal waveguide, and its phase represents the waveform shift of the microwave signal after passing through the hollow metal waveguide.

[0034] It is worth mentioning that, in the ash-free state, the microwave signal entering the hollow metal waveguide from the input port is only reflected by the structure of the hollow metal waveguide itself, without any interference introduced by fly ash. The measured reference S11 parameter at this time can contain information about the internal structure of the hollow metal waveguide. Furthermore, in the ash-free state, the microwave signal entering the hollow metal waveguide from the input port is only affected by the inherent losses of the entire fly ash carbon content measurement system. The measured reference S21 parameter at this time represents the optimal transmission state that the microwave signal can achieve in the hollow metal waveguide.

[0035] For specific examples, the inherent losses of the fly ash carbon content measurement system include conductor losses of the coaxial connection line, conversion losses of the coaxial converter, and conductor losses of the inner wall of the hollow metal waveguide.

[0036] Step 202: Perform time-domain transformation on the reference microwave reflection parameters to obtain the time-domain response curve of the reference microwave reflection parameters; determine the first reference time-domain time corresponding to the first preset reference position and the second reference time-domain time corresponding to the second preset reference position inside the hollow metal waveguide based on the reflection peak position in the time-domain response curve of the reference microwave reflection parameters; perform through-response calibration based on the reference microwave transmission parameters.

[0037] It should be noted that during the propagation of microwave signals within the hollow metal waveguide in a ash-free state, significant reflection signals will occur at the upper and lower isolators of the waveguide due to the sudden change in impedance between the metal and air. Therefore, in this embodiment, the upper and lower isolators within the hollow metal waveguide are designated as the first and second preset reference positions, respectively.

[0038] In this step, the amplitude portion of the reference S11 parameter is used, and a time-domain transformation, such as an inverse Fourier transform, is performed on the amplitude portion to convert the amplitude of the reference S11 parameter from the frequency domain to the time domain. After the time-domain transformation, the time-domain response curve of the reference S11 parameter is obtained. The horizontal axis of the time-domain response curve represents time, and the vertical axis represents the intensity of the reflected microwave signal. Each strong reflection peak position in the time-domain response curve of the reference S11 parameter indicates that the microwave signal encountered an obstacle or interface during propagation in the hollow metal waveguide. Therefore, this step determines the position of the first strong reflection peak position in the time-domain response curve of the reference S11 parameter as the position of the isolator on the waveguide, and the time-domain time corresponding to this reflection peak position is taken as the first reference time-domain time corresponding to the isolator on the waveguide. At the same time, the position of the last strong reflection peak position in the time-domain response curve of the reference S11 parameter is determined as the position of the isolator below the waveguide, and the time-domain time corresponding to this reflection peak position is taken as the second reference time-domain time of the isolator below the waveguide.

[0039] Here, the first reference time domain time corresponding to the isolator on the waveguide represents the total time it takes for the microwave signal to propagate from the input port to the isolator on the waveguide and then be reflected back to the input port. The second reference time domain time of the isolator on the waveguide represents the total time it takes for the microwave signal to propagate from the input port to the isolator on the waveguide and then be reflected back to the input port.

[0040] This embodiment saves the time-domain response curve of the reference S11 parameter. In subsequent steps, when injecting gray samples into the hollow metal waveguide for measurement, the time-domain response curve of the reference S11 parameter can be called again. By comparing the S11 parameter after the gray sample is injected with this saved reference S11 parameter, the new reflection peak position caused by the addition of the gray sample can be clearly and accurately highlighted without being interfered with by the inherent reflection of the hollow metal waveguide itself, which greatly improves the accuracy and reliability of gray position measurement.

[0041] Furthermore, this embodiment saves the amplitude of the reference S21 parameter. Based on the amplitude of the reference S21 parameter, the vector network analyzer performs a through-response calibration, so that all subsequent measured S21 parameters are compared with the reference S21 parameter. This mathematically eliminates the influence of the inherent loss in the hollow metal waveguide on the subsequent gray sample measurement results, so that the amplitude attenuation of the subsequently measured S21 parameter can accurately reflect the attenuation caused only by the gray sample.

[0042] Step 203: Obtain the calibration microwave reflection parameters and calibration microwave transmission parameters of the microwave signal at different calibration gray levels formed by calibration gray samples with the same preset carbon content and different preset masses; perform time-domain transformation on the amplitude of the calibration microwave reflection parameters to obtain the time-domain response curve of the calibration microwave reflection parameters; compare the time-domain response curve of the reference microwave reflection parameters with the time-domain response curve of the calibration microwave reflection parameters to determine the calibration time-domain time corresponding to the calibration gray level; calculate the value of the calibration gray level based on the calibration time-domain time; determine the amplitude attenuation of the calibration microwave transmission parameters of the microwave signal at the calibration gray level based on the amplitude difference between the reference microwave transmission parameters and the calibration microwave transmission parameters.

[0043] In this embodiment, at least two different preset masses are set for each preset carbon content calibration ash sample. Specifically, this step sets two different preset masses to balance computational efficiency and fitting accuracy. The preset masses include a first preset mass and a second preset mass, with the second preset mass being greater than the first preset mass.

[0044] In this step, for any calibration gray sample with a known preset carbon content, the calibration gray sample with the preset carbon content and a first preset mass is first automatically injected into the hollow metal waveguide from the inlet at the top of the hollow metal waveguide using a mechanical sample delivery system. This causes the calibration gray sample with the preset carbon content and the first preset mass to accumulate inside the hollow metal waveguide, forming a first calibration gray site. The interface where the first calibration gray site is located is designated as the first air-calibration gray sample interface. At this point, the hollow metal waveguide changes from a gray-free state to a gray-containing state, thus altering the propagation environment of the microwave signal.

[0045] Then, the first calibration S11 parameter of the microwave signal inside the hollow metal waveguide after injecting a calibration gray sample with the preset carbon content and first preset mass is measured. In addition to the reflection information from the upper and lower isolators within the waveguide, the first calibration S11 parameter also includes the reflection information from the first air-calibration gray sample interface inside the hollow metal waveguide. Therefore, the amplitude of the first calibration S11 parameter is transformed in the time domain to obtain the time domain response curve of the first calibration microwave reflection parameter. By comparing the time domain response curve of the reference microwave reflection parameter with the time domain response curve of the first calibration microwave reflection parameter, the first calibration time domain time corresponding to the first calibration gray position can be determined. Then, based on the first calibration time domain time corresponding to the first calibration gray position, the specific value of the first calibration gray position is calculated. Simultaneously, the first calibration S21 parameter of the microwave signal inside the hollow metal waveguide after injecting a calibration gray sample with the preset carbon content and first preset mass is measured. Therefore, the amplitude difference between the first calibration S21 parameter and the reference S21 parameter is used as the amplitude attenuation of the first calibration S21 parameter of the microwave signal in the hollow metal waveguide after injecting the calibration gray sample with the preset carbon content and the first preset mass.

[0046] Furthermore, based on the calibration gray sample with the preset carbon content and first preset mass already injected into the hollow metal waveguide, more calibration gray sample with the preset carbon content is injected into the hollow metal waveguide through a mechanical sample delivery system. This increases the total mass of the calibration gray sample with the preset carbon content in the hollow metal waveguide to a second preset mass. This results in the accumulation of the calibration gray sample with the preset carbon content and second preset mass within the hollow metal waveguide, forming a second calibration gray site. The interface where the second calibration gray site is located is designated as the second air-calibration gray sample interface. This adds a second observation point for calibration gray samples with the same preset carbon content, allowing for the determination of the impact of calibration gray site changes on microwave attenuation under the same preset carbon content.

[0047] Then, the second calibration S11 parameter of the microwave signal inside the hollow metal waveguide is measured after injecting a calibration gray sample with the preset carbon content and second preset mass. Similarly, the amplitude of the second calibration S11 parameter is transformed in the time domain to obtain the time domain response curve of the second calibration microwave reflection parameter. By comparing the time domain response curve of the reference microwave reflection parameter with the time domain response curve of the second calibration microwave reflection parameter, the second calibration time domain time corresponding to the second calibration gray position can be determined. Then, based on the second calibration time domain time corresponding to the second calibration gray position, the specific value of the second calibration gray position is calculated. Simultaneously, the second calibration S21 parameter of the microwave signal inside the hollow metal waveguide is measured after injecting the calibration gray sample with the preset carbon content and second preset mass. Therefore, the amplitude difference between the second calibration S21 parameter and the reference S21 parameter is used as the amplitude attenuation of the second calibration S21 parameter of the microwave signal inside the hollow metal waveguide after injecting the calibration gray sample with the preset carbon content and second preset mass.

[0048] It should be noted that the first calibration time-domain time corresponding to the first calibration gray level represents the total time it takes for the microwave signal to propagate from the input port to the first air-calibration gray sample interface and then reflect back to the input port. The second calibration time-domain time corresponding to the second calibration gray level represents the total time it takes for the microwave signal to propagate from the input port to the second air-calibration gray sample interface and then reflect back to the input port.

[0049] It is understood that in this embodiment, the calibration gray level includes a first calibration gray level and a second calibration gray level, the calibration S11 parameter includes a first calibration S11 parameter and a second calibration S11 parameter, the calibration S21 parameter includes a first calibration S21 parameter and a second calibration S21 parameter, the calibration time domain time includes a first calibration time domain time and a second calibration time domain time, and the calibration S21 parameter amplitude attenuation includes a first calibration S21 parameter amplitude attenuation and a second calibration S21 parameter amplitude attenuation.

[0050] Thus, this embodiment obtains the first calibration gray position accumulated by a calibration gray sample with any preset carbon content under a first preset mass, the amplitude attenuation of the first calibration S21 parameter of the microwave signal under the first calibration gray position, and the second calibration gray position accumulated by the calibration gray sample with the preset carbon content under a second preset mass, the amplitude attenuation of the second calibration S21 parameter of the microwave signal under the second calibration gray position.

[0051] Furthermore, as a refinement and extension of the specific implementation of the above embodiments, in order to fully illustrate the specific implementation process of this embodiment, the time-domain response curve of the reference microwave reflection parameters and the time-domain response curve of the calibrated microwave reflection parameters are compared to determine the calibration time-domain time corresponding to the calibration gray position; based on the calibration time-domain time, the value of the calibration gray position is calculated, specifically including: determining the calibration time-domain time corresponding to the calibration gray position according to the reflection peak position between the first reference time-domain time and the second reference time-domain time in the time-domain response curve of the calibrated microwave reflection parameters; and calculating the value of the calibration gray position based on the first reference time-domain time, the second reference time-domain time, the calibration time, and the length of the hollow metal waveguide.

[0052] It should be noted that in different time-domain response curves, the reflection peak positions corresponding to the upper and lower isolators of the waveguide inside the hollow metal waveguide are fixed and known, and can be obtained from the time-domain response curves of the reference S11 parameters, corresponding to the first reference time-domain time and the second reference time-domain time, respectively.

[0053] In the time-domain response curve for calibrating the S11 parameters, a new reflection peak position appears between the first and second reference time domain times. This is due to the sudden change in impedance at the air-calibration gray sample interface where the calibration gray position is located, caused by the microwave signal encountering this impedance change as it propagates within the hollow metal waveguide. This step uses the time domain time corresponding to this new reflection peak position as the calibration time domain time corresponding to the calibration gray position.

[0054] It is worth mentioning that the propagation and reflection time of the microwave signal in the air layer inside the hollow metal waveguide is proportional to the thickness of the air layer inside the hollow metal waveguide. Therefore, based on the first reference time domain time, the second reference time domain time, the calibration time domain time, and the length of the hollow metal waveguide, the value of the calibration gray level can be calculated.

[0055] For example, the first calibration gray level and the second calibration gray level can be calculated using the following formulas: , .in, The first reference time domain time, This is the second reference time domain time. For the first calibration time domain time, For the second calibration time domain, The length of the hollow metal waveguide This is the first calibration gray level. This is the second calibration gray level.

[0056] It is understandable that the air-calibration gray sample interface includes the first air-calibration gray sample interface and the second air-calibration gray sample interface.

[0057] Step 204: Repeat step 203 for calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents to obtain the amplitude attenuation of calibration microwave transmission parameters at different calibration gray positions formed by calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents and different preset masses.

[0058] In this step, after measuring a calibration gray sample with a preset carbon content, the hollow metal waveguide is emptied. Step 203 is then repeated for all other calibration gray samples with preset carbon contents. This yields the amplitude attenuation of the calibration S21 parameter at different calibration gray positions formed by the accumulation of calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents and masses within the hollow metal waveguide. This establishes a mapping relationship between preset carbon content, preset mass, calibration gray position, and calibration S21 parameter amplitude attenuation, thus obtaining calibration data.

[0059] Step 205: Fit the amplitude attenuation of the calibration microwave transmission parameters of the microwave signal under calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents at the same preset quality to obtain the fitting curve between the amplitude attenuation of the microwave transmission parameters and the carbon content corresponding to the preset quality; calculate the fitting index of the fitting curve; determine the target preset quality in the preset quality according to the fitting index; determine the fitting gray position according to the calibration gray position formed by the calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents under the target preset quality.

[0060] In the above steps, this embodiment measures the amplitude attenuation of the calibration S21 parameter at different calibration gray levels for each calibration gray sample with a preset carbon content. Since the gray levels differ, directly fitting the calibration S21 parameter amplitude attenuation to the carbon content would result in a fitting result affected by gray level variations. This embodiment sets the same fitting gray level for all calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents and calculates the amplitude attenuation of the fitting S21 parameter at the same fitting gray level for all calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents, thereby eliminating the interference from gray level variations.

[0061] In this step, the amplitude attenuation of the calibration S21 parameter corresponding to different preset carbon contents under the same preset quality is fitted to obtain the fitting curve between the amplitude attenuation of the microwave transmission parameter and the carbon content corresponding to the preset quality.

[0062] Furthermore, the fitting indices for the fitted curves corresponding to different preset qualities are calculated, such as R-squared (Coefficient of determination) and SSE (Sum of Squares Error). A larger fitting indices indicate better linearity of the fitted curve. This step selects the fitted curve with the largest fitting indices as the target fitted curve, and uses the preset quality corresponding to the target fitted curve as the target preset quality.

[0063] Then, based on all the calibrated gray levels corresponding to different preset carbon contents under the target preset mass, the fitted gray level is determined. For example, the average value of all calibrated gray level measurements corresponding to different preset carbon contents under the target preset mass is used as the fitted gray level.

[0064] Step 206: Perform linear interpolation on the amplitude attenuation of the calibration microwave transmission parameter at different calibration gray levels formed by calibration gray samples with the same preset carbon content to determine the amplitude attenuation of the fitted microwave transmission parameter at the fitted gray level formed by calibration gray samples with the preset carbon content; fit the amplitude attenuation of the fitted microwave transmission parameter at different calibration gray levels formed by calibration gray samples with different preset carbon content to determine the fitting model between the amplitude attenuation of the microwave transmission parameter at the fitted gray level and the carbon content.

[0065] In this step, linear interpolation is performed on the amplitude attenuation of the calibration S21 parameter corresponding to different calibration gray positions formed by the accumulation of calibration gray samples with any preset carbon content, so as to obtain the amplitude attenuation of the fitted S21 parameter of the microwave signal under the fitted gray position formed by the calibration gray sample with the preset carbon content.

[0066] For example, fitting the amplitude decay of parameter S21 Represented as: , in, For the amplitude attenuation of the first calibration parameter S21, For the amplitude attenuation of the second calibration parameter S21, To fit the gray level.

[0067] Thus, in this embodiment, for each calibration gray sample with a preset carbon content, a standardized fitting parameter S21 amplitude attenuation that excludes gray position interference has been calculated.

[0068] Furthermore, this step involves linearly fitting the amplitude attenuation of the fitted S21 parameter corresponding to different preset carbon contents to obtain a fitting model between the amplitude attenuation of the microwave transmission parameter and the carbon content at the fitted gray level. The fitting model includes the slope and intercept of the fitting.

[0069] Step 207: Obtain the amplitude attenuation of the microwave transmission parameters of the microwave signal at different measurement gray levels formed by the gray sample to be tested.

[0070] In this embodiment, a first gray level setting value and a second gray level setting value are pre-set according to the fitted gray level. The measurement gray level of the gray sample to be tested inside the hollow metal waveguide is controlled based on the first gray level setting value and the second gray level setting value. This allows the amplitude attenuation of the measured S21 parameter of the microwave signal at the measured gray level of the gray sample to be tested to be reliably calculated, and the target S21 parameter attenuation value of the microwave signal at the fitted gray level of the gray sample to be tested can be reliably calculated.

[0071] Specifically, a first gray level setting value is determined based on the value of the gray level that is less than the fitted gray level among all the calibrated gray levels, and a second gray level setting value is determined based on the value of the gray level that is greater than the fitted gray level among all the calibrated gray levels. This ensures that the measured gray level determined based on the first gray level setting value and the second gray level setting value can be located on both sides of the fitted gray level. In this way, the measured S21 parameter attenuation value of the microwave signal at different measured gray levels of the gray sample under test is linearly interpolated to obtain the target S21 parameter attenuation value of the microwave signal at the fitted gray level of the gray sample under test.

[0072] For example, if the calibrated gray level range is 71.6mm-125.6mm, and the fitted gray level is set to 120mm, then the first gray level setting can be set to 72mm, and the second gray level setting can be set to 122mm.

[0073] Furthermore, this embodiment sets at least two different measurement gray levels. Specifically, this step corresponds to the number of gray level settings, measuring two measurement gray levels of the gray sample to be tested for linear interpolation, namely the first measurement gray level and the second measurement gray level.

[0074] In this step, the ash sample and other materials inside the hollow metal waveguide are first emptied to ensure that the measurement starts from a known, clean state, avoiding interference from residues from the previous measurement. Then, a portion of the ash sample to be tested is injected into the hollow metal waveguide using a mechanical sample delivery system. At this point, the mass of the ash sample does not need precise control; it is sufficient to allow the ash sample inside the hollow metal waveguide to quickly reach an initial ash level. Next, the ash sample is slowly and continuously injected into the hollow metal waveguide using the mechanical sample delivery system. Simultaneously, using the same process as in step 203, the measured ash level of the ash sample is calculated in real time based on the measured S11 parameters of the ash sample. If the measured ash level of the ash sample is greater than or equal to the first ash level setting value, then this measured ash level is taken as the first measured ash level. Next, the first measurement S21 parameter of the microwave signal inside the hollow metal waveguide is measured at the first measurement gray position formed by the accumulation of the gray sample to be tested. Based on the amplitude difference between the first measurement S21 parameter and the reference S21 parameter, the amplitude attenuation of the first measurement S21 parameter of the microwave signal inside the hollow metal waveguide at the first measurement gray position formed by the accumulation of the gray sample to be tested is obtained.

[0075] Furthermore, based on the gray sample to be tested that has already been injected into the hollow metal waveguide at the first measurement gray level, the gray sample to be tested continues to be slowly and continuously injected into the hollow metal waveguide through a mechanical sample delivery system. Simultaneously, using the same process as in step 203, the measurement gray level of the gray sample is calculated in real time based on the measured measurement S11 parameters of the gray sample. If the measurement gray level of the gray sample is greater than or equal to the second gray level setting value, then the measurement gray level at this time is taken as the second measurement gray level. Next, the second measurement S21 parameters of the microwave signal in the hollow metal waveguide at the second measurement gray level formed by the accumulation of the gray sample are measured. Based on the amplitude difference between the second measurement S21 parameters and the reference S21 parameters, the amplitude attenuation of the second measurement S21 parameters of the microwave signal in the hollow metal waveguide at the second measurement gray level formed by the accumulation of the gray sample is obtained.

[0076] It is understandable that measuring the amplitude attenuation of the S21 parameter includes both the first measurement of the amplitude attenuation of the S21 parameter and the second measurement of the amplitude attenuation of the S21 parameter.

[0077] Step 208: Based on the measured amplitude attenuation of microwave transmission parameters, determine the target microwave transmission parameter amplitude attenuation at the fitted gray position formed by the gray sample to be tested; based on the fitted model and the target microwave transmission parameter amplitude attenuation, determine the carbon content of the gray sample to be tested.

[0078] It should be noted that when a microwave signal passes through a uniform dielectric material, the attenuation is proportional to the material thickness. That is, for a test ash sample with a fixed carbon content, the amplitude attenuation of the corresponding measured S21 parameter is linear with the change in the measured ash position.

[0079] Therefore, in this step, based on the amplitude attenuation of the first measurement S21 parameter of the microwave signal in the hollow metal waveguide at the first measurement gray position formed by the accumulation of the gray sample to be tested, and the amplitude attenuation of the second measurement S21 parameter at the second measurement gray position formed by the accumulation of the gray sample to be tested, linear interpolation is performed to obtain the target fitted S21 parameter amplitude attenuation of the microwave signal in the hollow metal waveguide at the fitted gray position formed by the accumulation of the gray sample to be tested.

[0080] For example, the target S21 parameter amplitude attenuation Represented as: , in, The first measurement is the amplitude attenuation of parameter S21. For the second measurement, the amplitude attenuation of parameter S21, The first gray level to be measured. This is the second gray level measurement.

[0081] Therefore, by substituting the amplitude attenuation of the target S21 parameter into the fitting model, the carbon content of the gray sample to be tested can be calculated.

[0082] This embodiment obtains the amplitude attenuation of the calibration microwave transmission parameter at at least two different calibration gray levels for each preset carbon content calibration gray sample during the calibration stage. All calibration microwave transmission parameter amplitude attenuations are then uniformly calibrated to the fitted gray level through linear interpolation, thereby constructing a fitting model between the amplitude attenuation of the microwave transmission parameter at the fitted gray level and the carbon content. During the measurement stage, the amplitude attenuation of the measured microwave transmission parameter at at least two different measurement gray levels of the gray sample under test is also obtained to calculate the target microwave transmission parameter amplitude attenuation of the microwave signal at the fitted gray level of the gray sample under test. This eliminates the interference of gray level changes on the measurement signal, ensuring that the final target microwave transmission parameter amplitude attenuation used to calculate the carbon content through the fitting model is only related to the dielectric properties (i.e., carbon content) of the gray sample under test, thus achieving accurate measurement insensitive to fly ash quality.

[0083] Furthermore, this embodiment utilizes the high speed of microwave measurement, combining the analysis of time-domain response curves obtained by time-domain transformation of the amplitudes of the reference microwave reflection parameters, calibrated microwave reflection parameters, and measured microwave reflection parameters. This enables real-time, dynamic monitoring of gray level changes within the hollow metal waveguide and rapid acquisition of data under multiple states. The entire measurement process requires no complex manual sampling and preprocessing, enabling online, continuous detection and timely guidance for boiler operation adjustments.

[0084] Meanwhile, this embodiment, through a systematic calibration process, scientifically selects the target preset quality and the corresponding fitting gray position based on the fitting index of the fitting curve between the amplitude attenuation of microwave transmission parameters and carbon content under different preset qualities. This enables this embodiment to adapt to different fly ash characteristics, establish the optimal fitting model, reduce the negative impact of changes in the on-site environment and fluctuations in fly ash properties on the measurement results, and demonstrate good robustness.

[0085] In another embodiment of this application, the hollow metal waveguide selected has an inner diameter of 20 mm and a length of 180 mm. The calibration ash samples selected for calibration have preset carbon contents of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%. 25 g of calibration ash sample is injected into the hollow metal waveguide for the first time, and then 10 g of calibration ash sample is injected for the second time. The frequency range of the S21 parameter selected for measurement is 10~12 GHz, and the frequency range of the S11 parameter is 9.5~14.5 GHz. The calibration ash position and the amplitude attenuation information of the calibration S21 parameter for each calibration ash sample are measured. The amplitude attenuation curves of the first calibration S21 parameter for calibration ash samples with different preset carbon contents at a mass of 25 g are shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the amplitude decay curves of the second calibration S21 parameter for calibration ash samples with different preset carbon contents at a mass of 35g are as follows: Figure 5 As shown. By Figure 4 and Figure 5 It can be seen that the linearity between carbon content and amplitude attenuation is better when the mass of the calibrated gray sample is 35g. Therefore, the fitted gray position should be near the gray position corresponding to the 35g mass gray sample. Combining the calibration gray positions of different calibrated gray samples shown in Table 1, the fitted gray position can be selected as 120mm.

[0086] Table 1

[0087] At a frequency of 11 GHz, the amplitude attenuation of the fitting S21 parameter at different preset carbon contents for calibrated gray samples of 25g and 35g mass was fitted at the fitted gray position, and the amplitude attenuation of the fitting S21 parameter at all fitted gray positions was fitted. The fitting models are shown in Table 2.

[0088] Table 2

[0089] Where mag is the amplitude decay of the S21 parameter, and uc is the carbon content.

[0090] As can be seen from Table 2, the 25g mass calibration gray sample has the worst fitting effect, while the 35g mass calibration gray sample has the best fitting effect. The fitting effect at the fitted gray position is very close to the fitting effect of the 35g mass gray sample, which meets the requirements.

[0091] The fitting model under the fitted ash position was used to measure three groups of ash samples with different carbon contents. Each ash sample with different carbon contents was measured three times and compared with the measurement results of the burning method. The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0092] Table 3

[0093] As can be seen, the measurement results in this embodiment are highly accurate.

[0094] It should be noted that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0095] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, as a specific implementation of the above-mentioned fly ash carbon content measurement method, this application embodiment provides a fly ash carbon content measurement device 600, which includes: a calibration module 601 and a measurement module 602.

[0096] The calibration module 601 is used to acquire calibration data, which includes the amplitude attenuation of the calibration microwave transmission parameter at different calibration gray levels formed by calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents and different preset masses in the hollow metal waveguide; and, based on the calibration data, to determine a fitting model between the amplitude attenuation of the microwave transmission parameter at the fitting gray level and the carbon content, wherein the fitting gray level is determined according to the calibration gray level. The measurement module 602 is used to acquire the amplitude attenuation of the measured microwave transmission parameter of the microwave signal at different measured gray positions formed by the gray sample to be tested; and, based on the amplitude attenuation of the measured microwave transmission parameter, to determine the target amplitude attenuation of the microwave signal at the fitted gray position formed by the gray sample to be tested; and, based on the fitted model and the target amplitude attenuation of the microwave transmission parameter, to determine the carbon content of the gray sample to be tested.

[0097] Optionally, the calibration module 601 is specifically used to obtain the reference microwave transmission parameters of the microwave signal in the hollow metal waveguide under the ashless state; obtain the calibration microwave transmission parameters of the microwave signal at the calibration gray position formed by the calibration gray sample; and determine the amplitude attenuation of the calibration microwave transmission parameters based on the amplitude difference between the reference microwave transmission parameters and the calibration microwave transmission parameters.

[0098] Optionally, the calibration module 601 is specifically used to obtain the reference microwave reflection parameters of the microwave signal in the hollow metal waveguide under a ashless state; obtain the calibration microwave reflection parameters of the microwave signal at the calibration gray position formed by the calibration gray sample; perform time-domain transformation on the amplitudes of the reference microwave reflection parameters and the calibration microwave reflection parameters respectively to obtain the time-domain response curves of the reference microwave reflection parameters and the calibration microwave reflection parameters; compare the time-domain response curves of the reference microwave reflection parameters and the calibration microwave reflection parameters to determine the calibration time-domain time corresponding to the calibration gray position; and calculate the value of the calibration gray position based on the calibration time-domain time.

[0099] Optionally, the calibration module 601 is specifically used to determine the first reference time domain time corresponding to the first preset reference position and the second reference time domain time corresponding to the second preset reference position in the hollow metal waveguide based on the reflection peak position in the time domain response curve of the reference microwave reflection parameters; to determine the calibration time domain time corresponding to the calibration gray position based on the reflection peak position between the first reference time domain time and the second reference time domain time in the time domain response curve of the calibration microwave reflection parameters; and to calculate the value of the calibration gray position based on the first reference time domain time, the second reference time domain time, the calibration time domain time and the length of the hollow metal waveguide.

[0100] Optionally, the calibration module 601 is specifically used to fit the amplitude attenuation of the calibration microwave transmission parameter under calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents at the same preset quality, to obtain a fitting curve between the amplitude attenuation of the microwave transmission parameter and the carbon content corresponding to the preset quality; calculate the fitting index of the fitting curve; determine the target preset quality in the preset quality according to the fitting index; and determine the fitting gray position according to the calibration gray position formed by the calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents under the target preset quality.

[0101] Optionally, the calibration module 601 is specifically used to perform linear interpolation on the amplitude attenuation of the calibration microwave transmission parameters of the microwave signal at different calibration gray positions formed by calibration gray samples with the same preset carbon content, to determine the amplitude attenuation of the fitted microwave transmission parameters of the microwave signal at the fitted gray position formed by the calibration gray samples with the preset carbon content; and to fit the amplitude attenuation of the fitted microwave transmission parameters of the microwave signal at the fitted gray position formed by calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents, to determine the fitting model.

[0102] Optionally, the measurement module 602 is specifically used to determine the measured gray level based on a first gray level setting value and a second gray level setting value, wherein the first gray level setting value and the second gray level setting value are determined based on the fitted gray level, the first gray level setting value is less than the fitted gray level, and the second gray level setting value is greater than the fitted gray level.

[0103] Specific limitations regarding the fly ash carbon content measuring device can be found in the limitations of the fly ash carbon content measuring method described above, and will not be repeated here. Each module in the aforementioned fly ash carbon content measuring device can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in hardware or independently of the processor in a computer device, or stored in software in the memory of a computer device, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0104] Based on the above, Figures 1 to 2 Accordingly, embodiments of this application also provide a readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method. Figures 1 to 2 The method for measuring the carbon content of fly ash is shown.

[0105] Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (such as CD-ROM, USB flash drive, mobile hard drive, etc.) and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (such as personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in various implementation scenarios of this application.

[0106] Based on the above, Figures 1 to 2 The method shown, and Figure 6 To achieve the above objectives, the present application also provides a computer device, specifically a personal computer, server, network device, etc., as shown in the virtual device embodiment. This computer device includes a storage medium and a processor; the storage medium stores a computer program; the processor executes the computer program to achieve the above-described objectives. Figures 1 to 2 The method for measuring the carbon content of fly ash is shown.

[0107] Optionally, the computer device may also include a user interface, a network interface, a camera, radio frequency (RF) circuitry, sensors, audio circuitry, a Wi-Fi module, etc. The user interface may include a display screen, input units such as a keyboard, etc., and optional user interfaces may also include USB ports, card reader ports, etc. The network interface may optionally include standard wired interfaces, wireless interfaces (such as Bluetooth interfaces, Wi-Fi interfaces), etc.

[0108] Those skilled in the art will understand that the computer device structure provided in this embodiment does not constitute a limitation on the computer device, and may include more or fewer components, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0109] The storage medium may also include an operating system and a network communication module. The operating system is a program that manages and stores the hardware and software resources of a computer device, supporting the operation of information processing programs and other software and / or programs. The network communication module is used to enable communication between the various components within the storage medium, as well as communication with other hardware and software within the physical device.

[0110] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that this application can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platform, or the embodiments of this application can be implemented by hardware.

[0111] Those skilled in the art will understand that the accompanying drawings are merely schematic diagrams of a preferred embodiment, and the modules or processes shown in the drawings are not necessarily essential for implementing this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that the modules in the apparatus of the embodiment can be distributed within the apparatus of the embodiment as described, or can be modified to be located in one or more apparatuses different from this embodiment. The modules of the above-described embodiment can be combined into one module, or further divided into multiple sub-modules.

[0112] The serial numbers in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of any particular implementation scenario. The above disclosures are merely a few specific implementation scenarios of this application; however, this application is not limited thereto, and any variations conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the carbon content of fly ash, characterized in that, The method includes: Acquire calibration data, which includes the amplitude attenuation of calibration microwave transmission parameters at different calibration gray levels formed by calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents and different preset masses in the hollow metal waveguide. Based on the calibration data, a fitting model is determined between the amplitude attenuation of microwave transmission parameters and carbon content at the fitted gray level, wherein the fitted gray level is determined according to the calibrated gray level. The amplitude attenuation of the microwave signal as a measurement microwave transmission parameter is obtained at different measurement gray levels formed by the gray sample to be tested. Based on the measured microwave transmission parameter amplitude attenuation, the target microwave transmission parameter amplitude attenuation of the microwave signal at the fitted gray position formed by the gray sample to be tested is determined; The carbon content of the gray sample to be tested is determined based on the fitting model and the amplitude attenuation of the target microwave transmission parameters.

2. The method for measuring the carbon content of fly ash according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of calibration data specifically includes: Obtain the reference microwave transmission parameters of the microwave signal inside the hollow metal waveguide in a ash-free state; Obtain the calibration microwave transmission parameters of the microwave signal at the calibration gray level formed by the calibration gray sample; The amplitude attenuation of the calibration microwave transmission parameter is determined based on the amplitude difference between the reference microwave transmission parameter and the calibration microwave transmission parameter.

3. The method for measuring the carbon content of fly ash according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of calibration data specifically includes: Obtain the reference microwave reflection parameters of the microwave signal inside the hollow metal waveguide in a ash-free state; Obtain the calibration microwave reflection parameters of the microwave signal at the calibration gray level formed by the calibration gray sample; The amplitudes of the reference microwave reflection parameter and the calibrated microwave reflection parameter are respectively transformed in the time domain to obtain the time domain response curves of the reference microwave reflection parameter and the calibrated microwave reflection parameter. By comparing the time-domain response curve of the reference microwave reflection parameters with the time-domain response curve of the calibrated microwave reflection parameters, the calibration time-domain time corresponding to the calibrated gray level is determined. The value of the calibration gray level is calculated based on the calibration time domain time.

4. The method for measuring the carbon content of fly ash according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of comparing the time-domain response curve of the reference microwave reflection parameters with the time-domain response curve of the calibrated microwave reflection parameters to determine the calibration time-domain time corresponding to the calibrated gray level specifically includes: Based on the position of the reflection peak in the time-domain response curve of the reference microwave reflection parameters, determine the first reference time-domain time corresponding to the first preset reference position and the second reference time-domain time corresponding to the second preset reference position inside the hollow metal waveguide; Based on the position of the reflection peak between the first reference time and the second reference time in the time-domain response curve of the calibrated microwave reflection parameters, the calibration time-domain time corresponding to the calibration gray level is determined. The calculation of the value of the calibrated gray level based on the calibrated time domain time specifically includes: The value of the calibration gray level is calculated based on the first reference time domain time, the second reference time domain time, the calibration time domain time, and the length of the hollow metal waveguide.

5. The method for measuring the carbon content of fly ash according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before determining the fitting model between the amplitude attenuation of microwave transmission parameters and carbon content at the gray level based on the calibration data, the method further includes: The amplitude attenuation of the calibrated microwave transmission parameter under the same preset mass but different preset carbon contents of the calibrated gray sample is fitted to obtain the fitting curve between the amplitude attenuation of the microwave transmission parameter corresponding to the preset mass and the carbon content. Calculate the fitting index of the fitted curve; Based on the fitting index, a target preset quality is determined from the preset quality; The fitted gray position is determined based on the calibration gray positions formed by the calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents under the target preset mass.

6. The method for measuring the carbon content of fly ash according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining a fitting model between the amplitude attenuation of microwave transmission parameters and carbon content at the gray level based on the calibration data specifically includes: Linear interpolation is performed on the amplitude attenuation of the calibration microwave transmission parameters of the microwave signal at different calibration gray positions formed by the calibration gray samples with the same preset carbon content to determine the amplitude attenuation of the fitted microwave transmission parameters of the microwave signal at the fitted gray position formed by the calibration gray samples with the preset carbon content. The amplitude attenuation of the fitted microwave transmission parameters under the fitted gray position formed by the calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents of the microwave signal is fitted to determine the fitting model.

7. The method for measuring the carbon content of fly ash according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The measured gray level is determined based on a first gray level setting value and a second gray level setting value. The first gray level setting value and the second gray level setting value are determined based on the fitted gray level. The first gray level setting value is less than the fitted gray level, and the second gray level setting value is greater than the fitted gray level.

8. A device for measuring the carbon content of fly ash, characterized in that, The device includes: The calibration module is used to acquire calibration data, which includes the amplitude attenuation of the calibration microwave transmission parameter at different calibration gray levels formed by calibration gray samples with different preset carbon contents and different preset masses in the hollow metal waveguide; and, based on the calibration data, to determine a fitting model between the amplitude attenuation of the microwave transmission parameter at the fitting gray level and the carbon content, wherein the fitting gray level is determined according to the calibration gray level. The measurement module is used to acquire the amplitude attenuation of the measured microwave transmission parameters of the microwave signal at different measured gray positions formed by the gray sample to be tested; and, based on the amplitude attenuation of the measured microwave transmission parameters, to determine the target amplitude attenuation of the microwave signal at the fitted gray position formed by the gray sample to be tested; and, based on the fitted model and the target amplitude attenuation of the microwave transmission parameters, to determine the carbon content of the gray sample to be tested.

9. A readable storage medium having a program or instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program or instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the steps of the fly ash carbon content measurement method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer device, comprising a storage medium, a processor, and a computer program stored on the storage medium and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the fly ash carbon content measurement method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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