Composite micro-nano energy collecting device

Abstract

The invention provides a composite micro-nano energy collecting device. The device comprises a constraint guide module, a magnetic suspension type electromagnetic generator module, a cantilever type piezoelectric nanometer generator module and a spring multilayer sheet friction nanometer generator module. And the magnetic suspension type electromagnetic generator module is connected with the cantilever type piezoelectric nano generator module through the flexible nylon cantilever and is located at the central position of the constraint guide module. The spring multilayer sheet friction nanometer generator module is fixed between the magnetic suspension type electromagnetic generator module and the cantilever type piezoelectric nanometer generator module, and the annular volume around the magnetic suspension type electromagnetic generator module is filled to form axial constraint. The device can break through the energy capture efficiency bottleneck of a traditional vibration energy collector in various scenes such as low frequency, intermediate frequency and high frequency, provides a self-powered solution with high power density and long service life for intelligent transportation, industrial Internet of Things sensors and wearable equipment, and provides a sustainable power supply for small electronic equipment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of distributed vibration energy collection, and particularly relates to a composite micro-nano energy collection device. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the acceleration of globalization, the development of Internet of Things technology becomes increasingly important. However, the traditional battery power supply mode has limitations such as limited endurance and high maintenance cost, which is difficult to meet the needs of long-term continuous operation and dynamic environment deployment of sensors. In order to improve the shortcomings of the traditional battery power supply technology, people use renewable energy as a new energy supply mode, including solar energy, wind energy, water energy, geothermal energy and hydrogen energy. Renewable energy has good environmental protection and can be recycled. However, the practical application of renewable energy is limited by factors such as light intensity fluctuation, poor airflow stability, and geographical environment constraints, which cannot meet the all-weather power supply needs of sensors, and further development is needed.

[0003] In the field of new energy collection, the friction nanogenerator can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy according to the triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction principle by capturing energy from the surrounding environment. This technology has the advantages of simple structure, high output voltage, low frequency and high efficiency. The piezoelectric material in the suspended beam type piezoelectric nanogenerator module will deform mechanically when subjected to external force. The lattice deformation will cause the separation of positive and negative charge centers in the material, resulting in a potential difference to power the load. It has the advantages of wide frequency response, low impedance matching, and wide material selection. The electromagnetic generator is based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. By cutting the magnetic induction lines with a conductor, an induced electromotive force is generated to realize electrical energy output. It has the advantages of high power output, high reliability, and fast dynamic response. However, single power generation technology has certain shortcomings. The friction nanogenerator is easily affected by temperature and humidity, resulting in low charge density. The output performance of the suspended beam type piezoelectric nanogenerator module is affected by the piezoelectric coefficient of the material. The electromagnetic generator has certain friction loss, resulting in energy loss, which is difficult to meet the needs of complex scenarios.

[0004] In view of the above technical bottlenecks, the composite energy collection technology significantly improves the ability to capture energy from the surrounding environment through the combination of multiple physical field coupling (electromagnetic-piezoelectric-frictional electricity synergy). However, the existing composite energy collection technology still has problems such as insufficient output power, friction layer wear, and high structural complexity. Therefore, we need to find new solutions in terms of frequency band optimization, spatial structure reconstruction, and friction coefficient regulation, to break through the existing technical bottlenecks and further realize high-power output and long-term stable composite energy collection devices. SUMMARY

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides a composite micro-nano energy collection device to effectively capture multi-frequency band mechanical energy of environmental vibration.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present application adopts the following technical scheme.

[0007] The composite micro-nano energy collection device comprises a constraint guiding module 1, a magnetic suspension type electromagnetic generator module 2, a suspension beam type piezoelectric nano generator module 3 and a spring multi-layer sheet friction nano generator module 4.

[0008] The magnetic suspension type electromagnetic generator module 2 is connected with the suspension beam type piezoelectric nano generator module 3 through a flexible nylon suspension beam 33, the spring multi-layer sheet friction nano generator module 4 is fixed between the magnetic suspension type electromagnetic generator module 2 and the suspension beam type piezoelectric nano generator module 3, and fills an annular volume around the magnetic suspension type electromagnetic generator module 2 to form axial constraint.

[0009] Preferably, the constraint guiding module 1 comprises an electromagnetic constraint guiding module 51 and a piezoelectric constraint guiding module (61), the electromagnetic constraint guiding module 51 is arranged inside the piezoelectric constraint guiding module (61) to form a double-layer nested structure, the electromagnetic constraint guiding module 51 and the piezoelectric constraint guiding module 61 are connected through the flexible nylon suspension beam 33, and the spring multi-layer sheet friction nano generator module 4 is arranged around the periphery of the electromagnetic constraint guiding module 51.

[0010] Preferably, the magnetic suspension type electromagnetic generator module 2 comprises a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 21, a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 22, a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 23, a copper coil 24 and the electromagnetic constraint guiding module 51; the neodymium iron boron permanent magnets 21 and 22 are respectively arranged at the lower part and the upper part of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 23, and the polarities of the two magnets are opposite; the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 23 is a vibration capture mass and forms an axial vibration unit, the axial vibration unit cuts magnetic induction lines in the electromagnetic constraint guiding module 51 along with vibration force, the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 23 is arranged at the middle part of the electromagnetic constraint guiding module 51 and has the same polarity as the upper and lower magnets; the two coils 24 are respectively fixed on the other sides of the upper and lower magnets, and the two coils 24 are connected in parallel to realize energy conversion through electromagnetic induction.

[0011] Preferably, the suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 includes: lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric ceramic 31, beryllium bronze electrode 32, and flexible nylon suspended beam 33. The suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 adopts a bicrystalline piezoelectric structure design, wherein two PZT piezoelectric ceramics 31 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the beryllium bronze electrode 32, with one electrode led out from the beryllium bronze substrate; an electrode is led out from the other side of the bicrystalline PZT piezoelectric ceramic layer 31 to achieve parallel output, and a hole is drilled in the center of the piezoelectric sheet module and fixed in the groove of the piezoelectric sheet washer 63 of the piezoelectric constraint guide module 61.

[0012] Preferably, the spring-loaded multilayer triboelectric nanogenerator module 4 includes: a PVDF-TrFE-CTFE-La2O3 composite nanofilm triboelectric layer 41, a spring-loaded TPU substrate 42, a copper foil layer 43, and a polyimide layer 44; the spring-loaded TPU substrate 42 adopts a helical spring structure design, and each layer of the spring multilayer structure consists of a copper foil electrode layer 43, a spring-loaded TPU substrate 42, a polyimide layer 44, a copper foil electrode layer 43, and a composite nanofilm triboelectric layer 41 in sequence. The polyimide layer 44 is located between the copper foil electrode 43 and the spring-loaded TPU substrate 42. The dielectric material PVDF-TrFE-CTFE-La2O3 composite nanofilm triboelectric layer 41 and the conductive material of the copper foil electrode layer 43 are prepared by spin coating process to form a heterogeneous triboelectric interface.

[0013] Preferably, the electromagnetic constraint guiding module 51 includes: a magnet sealing cover 52, a magnet box 53, a coil box 54, and a magnetic levitation guide rail 55; the sealing cover 52 is used to encapsulate the electromagnetic constraint guiding module 51; neodymium iron boron permanent magnets 22 and 21 are fixedly installed at the upper and lower ends of the magnet box 53, respectively; two coils 24 are built into the inside of the coil box 54, and wires are led out through preset through holes; and neodymium iron boron permanent magnets 23 are built into the magnetic levitation guide rail 55.

[0014] Preferably, the piezoelectric constraint guiding module 61 includes: a piezoelectric sheet sealing cover 62, a piezoelectric sheet gasket 63, a circuit box 64, and a collector housing (65); the piezoelectric sheet sealing cover achieves overall device encapsulation through component cooperation; the piezoelectric sheet gasket 63 fixes two piezoelectric sheets axially to form a symmetrical mechanical structure; the circuit box 64 integrates a power management circuit and is connected through a preset wire; the collector housing 65 adopts a double-layer nested structure and integrates a magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 and a spring multilayer sheet triboelectric nanogenerator module 4.

[0015] Preferably, the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 23 is located at the center of the electromagnetic constraint guidance module 51. The magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 is constructed based on the principle of like poles repulsion of magnets. The neodymium iron boron permanent magnet adopts an NSN or SNS type like pole magnetic field repulsion structure to achieve levitation. A stable levitation force is formed by the directional arrangement of the like poles of the upper and lower permanent magnets. The central permanent magnet adopts a symmetrical levitation layout.

[0016] Preferably, the piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 adopts a cantilever structure with full end fixed support. The piezoelectric sheet is fixed in the groove of the piezoelectric sheet washer 63 through an embedded design. The magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 is used as a vibration trapping mass block by a flexible nylon cantilever beam 33. The cantilever piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 is driven to convert the vibration mechanical energy into the bending deformation of the ceramic piezoelectric sheet, thereby causing the piezoelectric effect to generate alternating current and realizing the conversion of vibration mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0017] Preferably, the suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 uses a dual-crystal piezoelectric sheet. In vibration mode, the upper and lower dual-crystal piezoelectric sheets undergo synergistic deformation, thereby improving the voltage output of the suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3.

[0018] As can be seen from the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention above, the embodiments of the present invention provide a composite vibration mechanical energy harvesting device. By integrating electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and triboelectric power generation mechanisms within a limited volume, it solves the energy capture efficiency bottleneck of traditional vibration energy harvesters in various scenarios such as low frequency, medium and high frequency. This provides a self-powered solution with high power density and long lifespan for intelligent transportation, industrial IoT sensors, and wearable devices. This composite micro-nano energy harvesting device can achieve multi-frequency capture of environmental vibration mechanical energy, providing a sustainable power source for small electronic devices.

[0019] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and will become apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a composite vibration mechanical energy harvesting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a cantilever piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a spring-loaded multilayer triboelectric nanogenerator module 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an electromagnetic constraint guidance module 51 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a cantilever piezoelectric constraint guidance module 61 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the working cycle of a composite vibration energy harvesting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of a magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of a cantilever piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of a spring-loaded multilayer triboelectric nanogenerator module 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 11 These are the output performance curves of a magnetically levitated electromagnetic generator module 2 at different frequencies according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 12 The output performance curves of the suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 at different frequencies are shown in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 13 The output performance curves of the spring multilayer sheet triboelectric nanogenerator module 4 at different frequencies are shown in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 14 The above is a comparison curve of the charging of a capacitor by a magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2, a suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3, a spring multilayer sheet triboelectric nanogenerator module 4, and an electromagnetic-piezoelectric-triboelectric composite vibration energy collector according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] The reference numerals in the attached figures are explained as follows: 1-Constraint and guidance module; 2-Magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module; 3-Cantilever piezoelectric nanogenerator module; 4-Spring multilayer sheet triboelectric nanogenerator module; 21-NdFeB permanent magnet; 22-NdFeB permanent magnet; 23-NdFeB permanent magnet; 24-Coil; 31-PZT piezoelectric ceramic layer; 32-Beryllium bronze electrode; 33-Flexible nylon cantilever beam; 41-PVDF-TrFE-CTFE-La2O3 composite nanofilm triboelectric layer; 42-TPU substrate; 43-Copper electrode; 51-Electromagnetic constraint and guidance module; 52-Magnet sealing cover; 53-Magnet box; 54-Coil box; 55-Magnetic levitation guide rail; 61-Piezoelectric constraint and guidance module; 62-Piezoelectric sheet sealing cover assembly; 63-Piezoelectric sheet gasket; 64-Circuit box; 65-Collector housing. Detailed Implementation

[0036] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0037] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term “comprising” as used in this specification means the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we say an element is “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. Furthermore, “connected” or “coupled” as used herein can include wireless connections or couplings. The term “and / or” as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0038] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless defined as herein.

[0039] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will provide further explanation and description with reference to the accompanying drawings and several specific embodiments. These embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0040] The composite vibration energy harvesting device 100 provided in this embodiment of the invention includes the following components: a constraint guidance module 1, a magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2, a suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3, and a spring multilayer sheet triboelectric nanogenerator module 4.

[0041] The constraint guidance module 1 includes an electromagnetic constraint guidance module 51 and a piezoelectric constraint guidance module 61. The electromagnetic constraint guidance module 51 is placed inside the piezoelectric constraint guidance module 61, forming a double-layer nested structure, and the two are connected by a flexible nylon suspension beam 33. A spring-loaded multilayer triboelectric nanogenerator module 4 surrounds the electromagnetic constraint guidance module 51, making full use of the internal space of the device and improving space utilization.

[0042] The magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 includes: neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 21, neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 22, neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 23, and copper coil 24; the neodymium iron boron permanent magnets 21 and 22 are located below and above the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 23, respectively, and the polarities of the two magnets are opposite (N pole down / S pole up or S pole down / N pole up); the coil 24 is placed below the neodymium iron boron permanent magnets 21 and 22; the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 23 is a vibration-captured mass block, forming an axial vibration unit, which rapidly cuts magnetic field lines within the electromagnetic constraint guide module 51 with the vibration force.

[0043] The suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 includes: PZT (lead zirconate titanate, Pb(Zr)) 1-x Ti x The piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 comprises a piezoelectric ceramic 31, a beryllium bronze electrode 32, a flexible nylon cantilever beam 33, and a piezoelectric constraint guiding module 61. This cantilever piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 adopts a bicrystalline piezoelectric structure design. Two PZT piezoelectric ceramics 31 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the beryllium bronze electrode 32. A through-hole is machined at the center of the circular piezoelectric sheet. The flexible nylon cantilever beam 33 achieves mechanical coupling between the piezoelectric nanogenerator 3 and the electromagnetic generator 2. The electromagnetic generator 2 acts as a vibrating mass, providing an inertial load to enhance the mechanical energy capture efficiency of the system. Under the constraint of the piezoelectric constraint guiding module 61, the piezoelectric sheet vibrates up and down within the module, generating a piezoelectric effect.

[0044] The spring-loaded multilayer triboelectric nanogenerator module 4 includes: a PVDF-TrFE-CTFE-La2O3 composite nanofilm friction layer 41, a spring-loaded TPU substrate 42, a copper foil layer 43, and a polyimide layer 44. The spring-loaded TPU substrate 42 adopts a helical spring structure design and has good elasticity. Each layer of the spring-loaded multilayer structure consists of, in sequence, a copper foil electrode layer 43, a spring-loaded TPU substrate 42, a polyimide layer 44, a copper foil electrode layer 43, and the composite nanofilm friction layer 41. The copper foil electrode layer 43 can serve as both an electrode layer and a friction layer. Under vibration excitation, the composite nanofilm friction layer 41 and the copper foil electrode layer 43 undergo periodic contact-separation motion, generating a potential difference through the interfacial charge transfer effect, thus realizing the conversion of vibrational mechanical energy into electrical energy. The polyimide layer 44 is located between the copper foil electrode 43 and the spring-type TPU substrate 42. The conductive copper foil material can be used as both a friction layer and an electrode layer. The two friction layers are dielectric material and conductive material, respectively. The dielectric material PVDF-TrFE-CTFE-La2O3 composite nanofilm friction layer 41 and the copper foil electrode layer 43 conductive material are prepared by spin coating process to form a heterogeneous friction interface.

[0045] The electromagnetic constraint guiding module 51 includes: a magnet sealing cover 52, a magnet box 53, a coil box 54, and a magnetic levitation guide rail 55; the sealing cover 52 is used to encapsulate the electromagnetic constraint guiding module 51. Neodymium iron boron permanent magnets 22 and 21 are fixedly installed at the upper and lower ends of the magnet box 53, respectively. Two coils 24 are built into the coil box, and wires are led out through pre-set through holes. The magnetic levitation guide rail 55 contains neodymium iron boron permanent magnets 23.

[0046] The piezoelectric constraint guiding module 61 includes: a piezoelectric sheet sealing cover 62, a piezoelectric sheet washer 63, a circuit box 64, and a collector housing 65. The piezoelectric sheet sealing cover achieves overall device encapsulation through component mating. The piezoelectric sheet washer 63 axially fixes two piezoelectric sheets, forming a symmetrical mechanical structure. The circuit box 64 integrates a power management circuit, which is connected via pre-set wires. The collector housing 65 adopts a double-layer nested structure, internally integrating a magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 and a spring multilayer sheet triboelectric nanogenerator module 4. This module achieves axial constraint of the device through an integrated packaging design.

[0047] In some embodiments, the constraint guidance module 1 of the present invention may be selected from spherical, cuboid, cube, polygonal prism, conical, annular, and capsule-shaped structures. Preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the constraint guidance module 1 adopts a cylindrical structure, which can utilize its axial symmetry during vibration to make its components vibrate perpendicularly along the Z-axis direction, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of vibration energy.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present invention, magnets 21, 22, and 23 may be selected from samarium cobalt-based permanent magnets, AlNiCo permanent magnet alloys, iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloys, platinum-cobalt permanent magnet alloys, and ferrite permanent magnets. Preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, neodymium iron boron permanent magnets are used as the magnet material in the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2. This material has advantages such as high magnetic energy product, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high cost-effectiveness, and small size.

[0049] In some embodiments, the spatial structure of magnets 21 and 22 in this invention can be selected as a ring-shaped symmetrical arrangement, a Hellbeck array, and a multi-layer nested magnetic pole distribution. Preferably, in a specific embodiment of this invention, the neodymium iron boron permanent magnets 21 and 22 adopt an axially symmetrical dual-magnet structure, forming an axial magnetic field distribution. The diameter of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnets is 20 mm, and the thickness of the upper and lower magnets is different. The thickness of the lower magnet 21 is 5 mm, and the thickness of the upper magnet 22 is 3 mm. The lower magnet 21 is thickened to enhance the axial magnetic flux density, effectively counteracting the influence of gravity. The upper magnet 22 has a reduced thickness, thus reducing the upper axial magnetic field strength. The middle magnet 23 has a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 10 mm, and is dynamically suspended at the axial center position of the device through magnetic pole coupling effect.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, the electromagnetic induction coil 24 can be configured as a toroidal solenoid coil, a polygonal toroidal coil, a spiral coil, or a rectangular coil. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the coil 24 is a hollow cylindrical coil, which can reduce eddy current losses in the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 at high frequencies, and the copper coil 24 has the advantages of high conductivity and high stability. The upper and lower coils work simultaneously in parallel, which enhances the magnetic flux density, enables the collection of more current, increases the current carrying capacity, and increases the inductance.

[0051] In some embodiments, the piezoelectric ceramic 31 material of the suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 in this invention can be quartz crystal (SiO2), barium titanate (BaTiO3), or zinc oxide (ZnO). Preferably, in a specific embodiment of this invention, the piezoelectric ceramic material of the module is lead zirconate titanate (PZT), which has a high piezoelectric coefficient and excellent electromechanical coupling coefficient, as well as wideband response capability and high-frequency operating stability.

[0052] In some embodiments, the mechanical support structure of the cantilever piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 in this invention can be a simply supported beam or a continuous beam. Preferably, in this invention, the device ensures that the piezoelectric sheet 31 is always under central load by fixing it to the central recess of the piezoelectric sheet washer 63. During vibration, the internal stress of the piezoelectric material is distributed in a gradient, with the maximum stress value concentrated at the center of the piezoelectric sheet, significantly enhancing the piezoelectric effect.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, the cantilever piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 is equipped with a flexible connecting wire 33, which can be made of steel wire rope or polyimide connecting wire. Preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the flexible connecting wire is made of nylon material, which has both high flexibility and high strength characteristics. During the process of the electromagnetic generator driving the piezoelectric sheet to vibrate, the flexible nylon wire can dynamically adapt to the vibration amplitude, effectively suppressing breakage.

[0054] In some embodiments, the spring-multilayer triboelectric nanogenerator module 4 of the present invention has an overall spring-spiral hollow structure, with each layer having an area of ​​10 cm². 2 The device comprises 20 layers and utilizes a mechanical deformation energy storage mechanism to convert single vibrations into multiple vibrations, thereby improving low-frequency conversion efficiency. In its double-layer nested structure, the collector housing 65 integrates the spring-loaded multilayer triboelectric nanogenerator 4, while the magnetically levitated electromagnetic generator module 2 is further encapsulated within a spring-loaded helical hollow structure, fully utilizing the generator's internal space and increasing space utilization. The spring-loaded multilayer triboelectric nanogenerator 4 can also effectively absorb vibrational mechanical energy, reducing wear caused by vibration impacts and providing a certain degree of buffering.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present invention, the copper foil 43 used in the spring multilayer sheet triboelectric nanogenerator module 4 serves as both an electrode layer and a friction layer, avoiding a separate design for the electrode layer and the friction layer. During the contact separation cycle, the large potential difference between the surface of the copper foil electrode layer 43 and the composite nanofilm friction layer 41 enhances the amount of charge transfer.

[0056] In some embodiments of the present invention, the spring multilayer triboelectric nanogenerator 4 uses a self-charge excitation method to increase the charge density. Through the self-excitation circuit, the PVDF-TrFE-CTFE-La2O3 composite nanofilm triboelectric layer 41 of dielectric material undergoes a polarization effect, and the internal dipole moments are arranged in an orderly manner along the axial direction. At the same time, the capacitor in the self-excitation circuit provides charge replenishment to the triboelectric layer, further increasing the charge density of the spring multilayer triboelectric nanogenerator module 4, thereby increasing the output power.

[0057] In some embodiments, the composite nanofilm friction layer 41 of the present invention can be polyimide (PI), polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), or polyurethane (PU). Preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the material of the composite nanofilm friction layer 41 is polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene-lanthanum oxide (PVDF-TrFE-CTFE-La2O3). This material, by doping with rare earth metal oxides (La2O3), can significantly enhance the polarization effect of the composite nanofilm friction layer 41, increase the charge density of the spring multilayer triboelectric nanogenerator 4, and has high specific capacitance and excellent dielectric properties. The composite nanofilm friction layer 41 is prepared by spin coating, forming a dense structure with nanoscale thickness, effectively reducing defects and porosity, thereby significantly improving mechanical stability and triboelectric performance.

[0058] In this embodiment of the invention, the aim is to achieve efficient conversion of multimodal vibrational mechanical energy by collecting it. The core of the system comprises three cooperating generator modules. First, the magnetically levitated electromagnetic generator module 2, through its stepped magnetic field strength design, significantly reduces the resistance of the magnet during magnetic circuit movement, thereby improving energy conversion efficiency. Second, the suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3, through its bicrystalline piezoelectric sheet structure, converts vibrational mechanical energy into the synergistic bending deformation of the bicrystalline piezoelectric sheet, resulting in a significant increase in output voltage. Third, the spring-loaded multilayer friction nanogenerator module 4, through its helical spring design, enhances the vibration response frequency and current, and further strengthens the charge density through charge excitation technology. The system achieves three-stage transmission of vibrational mechanical energy through the constraint-guided module 1. After the vibrational mechanical energy is transmitted to the magnetically levitated electromagnetic generator module 2, it is transmitted to the suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 via the flexible nylon suspended beam 33, which then drives the spring-loaded multilayer friction nanogenerator module 4 to achieve the three-stage transmission of vibrational mechanical energy.

[0059] In this embodiment of the invention, three generator modules achieve power output through an energy integration and power management circuit. The system first uses a full-wave rectifier to convert the AC output into DC power, and then a series step-down circuit is used to regulate the output voltage to 5V. Finally, the DC power from the three modules is connected in parallel and integrated to the rated voltage to charge the capacitor.

[0060] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, provides further explanation and illustration of specific embodiments. These specific embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the drawings are merely schematic diagrams of the embodiments, and the components shown in the drawings are not necessarily essential for implementing the present invention. Any structural, methodological, or functional modifications made by those skilled in the art based on these embodiments are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] The structure of the composite vibration energy harvesting device provided in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, a coordinated vibration system is constructed from a magnetically levitated electromagnetic generator module 2, a cantilevered piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3, a spring-loaded multilayer friction nanogenerator module 4, and a constraint-guiding module 1. The data acquisition unit consists of an electromagnetic constraint-guiding module 51 and a piezoelectric constraint-guiding module 61. The magnetically levitated electromagnetic generator module 2 achieves axial constraint through the electromagnetic constraint-guiding module 51, the cantilevered piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 is fixed by the piezoelectric constraint-guiding module 61, and the spring-loaded multilayer friction nanogenerator module 4 is axially fixed between the electromagnetic and piezoelectric modules. The device is cylindrical in shape, and the three modules are mechanically coupled together to achieve efficient axial transmission of vibrational mechanical energy between the modules.

[0063] In this embodiment of the invention, the structure of the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the main body of the module is a hollow cylindrical structure. The neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnet 23 moves axially and cuts magnetic field lines under the excitation of vibrational energy. A magnetic field space with magnetic repulsion is formed by the NdFeB permanent magnets 21 and 22. The central NdFeB magnet 23 is in a dynamic magnetic levitation state. Due to its low friction, it can cut magnetic field lines at high frequency under micro-amplitude vibration. Two coils 24, each 20 mm in diameter and 10 mm thick, with 5800 turns, are fixed to both sides of the magnets 21 and 22 and connected in parallel. When the NdFeB permanent magnet 23 reciprocates under vibrational excitation, alternating current is generated within the coils 24 through the law of electromagnetic induction.

[0064] In this embodiment of the invention, the structure of the cantilever piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 is as follows: Figure 3As shown, a symmetrical bicrystalline piezoelectric structure is adopted, with bicrystalline piezoelectric sheets fixed at its upper and lower ends. The piezoelectric sheet 31 has a diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm. The piezoelectric sheet is fixed by a piezoelectric constraint guiding module 61. A through hole is machined in the center of the piezoelectric sheet, and a flexible nylon cantilever beam 33 achieves mechanical coupling between the upper and lower piezoelectric sheets and the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2, forming a cantilever structure. When the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 captures vibrational mechanical energy as a mass block, the flexible nylon cantilever beam 33 drives the piezoelectric sheet 31 to vibrate up and down, and the force on the center of the piezoelectric sheet 31 causes the whole to undergo mechanical deformation. The upper crystal of the bicrystalline piezoelectric sheet undergoes contraction deformation, while the lower crystal sheet exhibits expansion deformation. The lattice structure inside the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic sheet undergoes asymmetrical deformation due to the piezoelectric effect, which breaks the balance of positive and negative charges inside the piezoelectric sheet, thereby generating alternating current through the piezoelectric charge separation mechanism.

[0065] In this embodiment of the invention, the structure of the spring multilayer sheet triboelectric nanogenerator module 4 is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, its core component adopts a spring-shaped base structure, with a single-layer effective area of ​​10 cm². 2 The device has a total of 20 layers. From top to bottom, it comprises a copper foil electrode layer 43, a spring-loaded TPU substrate 42, a polyimide layer 44, another copper foil electrode layer 43, and a composite nanofilm friction layer 41. The spring-loaded TPU substrate 42 and the copper foil electrode layer 43 are bonded together with Kapton tape. The friction system employs a vertical contact-separation mode: under vibration excitation, the copper foil electrode layer 43 and the composite nanofilm friction layer 41 periodically contact and separate, resulting in charge transfer at the contact interface and creating a potential difference between the two electrodes. In operation, the spring-driven reciprocating motion enables continuous current output.

[0066] In this embodiment of the invention, the exploded structural diagram of the electromagnetic constraint guidance module 51 is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the magnet sealing cover 52 encapsulates the neodymium iron boron permanent magnets 21 and 22 inside the magnet box 53; the upper, middle, and lower layers of magnets are arranged in a (NSN) or (SNS) magnetic pole sequence, forming a magnetic levitation space. A neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 23 is placed inside the magnetic levitation rail 55, which can vibrate up and down within the magnetic levitation space. Two copper coils 24 are integrated inside the coil box 54. Figure 5 The left side shows a schematic diagram of the module's breakdown structure, and the right side shows a schematic diagram of the module's overall appearance.

[0067] In this embodiment of the invention, the exploded structural diagram of the piezoelectric confinement guiding module 61 is shown below. Figure 6As shown, the module achieves axial constraint of the piezoelectric sheet through the cooperation of the piezoelectric sheet sealing cover assembly 62 and the piezoelectric sheet washer 63. When the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 drives the piezoelectric sheet through the flexible nylon suspension beam 33, the piezoelectric sheet washer 63 can effectively suppress its lateral displacement. The circuit box 64 integrates a power management circuit to achieve efficient integration of the outputs of the three generators and leads out the total output port. The collector housing 65 axially integrates the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 and the spring multilayer sheet friction nanogenerator module 4, and its dual functions include: (1) constraining the axial position of the core components; (2) establishing a longitudinal transmission channel for vibration mechanical energy.

[0068] In this embodiment of the invention, the working mechanism of the composite vibration energy harvesting device is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, firstly, Figure 7 (i) In the initial state, the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 23 in the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 is in the central position under the action of magnetic repulsion. Under the action of the flexible nylon cantilever beam 33, the cantilever piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 connected to the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 is also in the central position. At the same time, the spring multilayer sheet friction nanogenerator module 4 is uniformly distributed inside the device, and the spring friction layer is in a separated state. Secondly... Figure 7 (ii) When the composite vibration energy harvesting device vibrates upward, the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 23 in the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 moves upward. Simultaneously, under the action of the upward vibration force, the entire magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 moves upward, pulling the ceramic piezoelectric sheet below through the flexible nylon suspension beam 33. The magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 at the center position drives the piezoelectric sheet below to undergo upward mechanical deformation. The spring multilayer friction nanogenerator module 4 also begins to compress upward due to the upward vibration force. At this time, the spring friction layers begin to contact. Again, Figure 7 (iii) As the upward vibration force decreases, the magnet 23 in the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 moves downward to the center position, the mechanical deformation of the piezoelectric sheet in the suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 returns to its initial state, and the friction layer of the spring multilayer friction nanogenerator module 4 is in a separated state. Finally, Figure 7 (iv) The composite vibration energy harvester begins to move downwards. The downward vibration force drives the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 23 in the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 to move downwards, and the entire module 2 also moves downwards. At the same time, it causes the piezoelectric sheet above to begin to deform mechanically, and the multi-layer spring friction nanogenerator module 4 is compressed downwards, with the spring friction layer in a contact state. When the next cycle of vibration begins, this state is repeated, continuously generating current output.

[0069] In this embodiment of the invention, the working principle of the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 is as follows: Figure 8As shown, the upper and lower neodymium iron boron permanent magnets 21 and 22 are arranged in the same direction to form a magnetic levitation space. After the vibration begins, the central neodymium iron boron permanent magnet 23 begins to cut the magnetic field lines, and the magnetic flux in the copper coil 24 changes periodically, generating an alternating current output through Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

[0070] In this embodiment of the invention, the working principle of the cantilever piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 (i)(ii)(iii) illustrate the working principle of the upper piezoelectric element. Figure 9 (iv)(v)(vi) illustrate the working principle of the piezoelectric element, where F represents the direction and magnitude of the force acting on the piezoelectric element. When F=0, the piezoelectric element undergoes no mechanical deformation, and its internal potential is in static equilibrium. When F=m, the piezoelectric element is subjected to the pulling force of the vibrating mass block of the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2. Due to the piezoelectric effect, the equilibrium state of the internal potential is broken, electrons decrease, charge begins to transfer, and free electrons migrate to form current flowing through the load. When F=0, the pulling force decreases, external free charges begin to replenish the piezoelectric element, electrons increase, and the potential returns to equilibrium. When the bicrystalline piezoelectric element of this device is subjected to external force, the change in internal polarization intensity causes the replenishment or release of free charges, thereby generating alternating current.

[0071] In this embodiment of the invention, the working principle of the spring multilayer sheet triboelectric nanogenerator module 4 is as follows: Figure 10 As shown. Figure 10 As shown in (i), in the initial state, the copper electrode surface carries a positive charge, the friction layer surface carries a negative charge, and the system is in potential equilibrium. When the copper electrode begins to separate from the dielectric material... Figure 10 In step (ii), the positive charge in the copper electrode flows to the electrode behind the dielectric material. Based on the energy storage characteristics of the capacitor in the voltage multiplier circuit, the charge is stored in it, and as the charge accumulates... Figure 10 (iii) Charge transfers from the copper electrode to the surface of the dielectric material friction layer, causing a gradual increase in surface charge density. When the dielectric material friction layer and the copper electrode separate again... Figure 10 (iv) A potential difference is formed between the electrode layers of the two materials, which drives electrons to transfer in the external circuit to form a load current.

[0072] In this embodiment of the invention, the output performance curve of the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 is as follows: Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11As shown in (a) and (b), when the operating frequency increases from 2 Hz to 10 Hz, the peak output voltage and current reach 27.8 V and 29.2 mA, respectively, showing a positive correlation growth trend. This is because the increase in frequency leads to a faster change in magnetic flux in coil 24, thereby improving output performance. When the fixed frequency is 10 Hz and the vibration amplitude is 10 mm, the load characteristic test results of this module are as follows... Figure 11 As shown in (c) and (d), when the load is 200 Ω, the output power reaches 180 mW, which verifies the technical advantage of the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 with low internal resistance.

[0073] In this embodiment of the invention, the output performance curve of the cantilever piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 is as follows: Figure 12 As shown, Figure 12 As shown in (a) and (b), the device exhibits significant frequency dependence in the 6 Hz–14 Hz frequency range. With increasing frequency, the peak output voltage reaches 16.7 V, and the maximum current is 23 mA. Experimental data indicate that as the frequency increases, the magnetically levitated electromagnetic generator module 2 causes greater deformation of the piezoelectric sheet, and the enhanced piezoelectric effect leads to improved output performance. Figure 12 (c)(d) revealed the load characteristics of the suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3. When the excitation frequency was 14 Hz and the amplitude was 10 mm, the internal resistance of the current-voltage characteristic curve matched the power curve. When the load resistance was 1 KΩ, the output power was measured to be 144 mW, which verified the effectiveness of the energy conversion system.

[0074] In this embodiment of the invention, by Figure 13 The load characteristics of spring-loaded multilayered sheet triboelectric nanogenerator module 4 are demonstrated. For example... Figure 13 As shown in (a)-(b), within a wide impedance range of 10 kΩ-100 MΩ, the device exhibits significant electrical output characteristics in the 6-14 Hz operating frequency range: when the driving frequency increases from 6 Hz to 14 Hz, the short-circuit current reaches 41.47 μA, and the open-circuit voltage increases to 182.61 V. Experimental data indicate that the improved output performance is due to the increased charge transfer between the positive and negative friction layers during contact as the frequency increases, leading to a greater potential difference and consequently a synchronous improvement in output performance.

[0075] like Figure 13As shown in (c), due to the high internal resistance of the spring-loaded multilayer friction nanogenerator module 4, the voltage across the load initially approaches 0 V, and the current flowing through the load is approximately 36.67 μA, close to the short-circuit current state. As the load resistance increases, the load voltage increases linearly, approaching the open-circuit voltage of 200 V, while the load current decreases to 0 μA. Experimental data show that the intersection of the voltage-current curves determines its equivalent internal resistance to be 8 MΩ. Figure 13 The power curve shown in (d) indicates that when the load resistance is equal to the equivalent internal resistance (R=8 MΩ), the system exhibits a maximum output power of 2.45 mW.

[0076] The composite vibration energy harvesting device proposed in this invention converts the mechanical energy of environmental vibrations into electrical energy, enabling the power supply of small electronic devices. The system integrates the output power of three generator modules with different mechanisms through a power management circuit, and the total system volume is 248.12 cm². 3 The peak power density of the composite vibration energy harvesting device reaches 1174 W / m³. 3 Equivalent to 1 m 3 A composite vibration energy harvester is connected in parallel to form a self-powered array, which can accumulate 1 kWh of electrical energy after 51 minutes of continuous operation. For example... Figure 14 The charging characteristic curves shown indicate that the efficiency of the composite vibration energy harvester in charging the 2200 μF capacitor is significantly improved compared to charging with a single generator. Among them, the composite vibration energy harvester has the fastest charging rate, followed by the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2, the cantilever piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3, and the spring-loaded multilayer friction nanogenerator module 4. This demonstrates that the power management circuit effectively integrates the output power of the three generator modules, providing a reliable solution for powering IoT terminals. After charging a 16 V, 1.1 F supercapacitor, the composite vibration energy harvester can successfully drive the NB-IoT full-network module, enabling data transmission on the IoT cloud platform.

[0077] The composite vibration energy harvester disclosed in this invention interconnects a magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2, a suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3, and a spring-loaded multilayer triboelectric nanogenerator module 4 via a constraint-guiding module 1. These three modules work collaboratively to achieve a three-stage transmission of vibrational mechanical energy, converting it into electrical energy. The magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 constructs a magnetic levitation system based on the principle of magnetic pole repulsion, reducing resistance during the movement of the magnetic block and creating a low-friction resistance magnetic levitation space. The central magnet of this device can rapidly cut magnetic field lines, causing a rapid change in the magnetic flux in the copper coil 24, thereby optimizing the efficiency of electromagnetic induction power generation and providing a novel design concept for electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting devices. Simultaneously, to harvest mid-to-high frequency vibrational mechanical energy, the suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 employs a dual optimization method of dual-crystal piezoelectric sheets and a suspended beam structure. While further improving mechanical deformation, the parallel connection of the dual-crystal piezoelectric sheets simultaneously improves output performance. The spring-loaded multilayer triboelectric nanogenerator module 4 utilizes a spring structure and a high-dielectric-constant dielectric friction material, increasing the surface charge density and significantly enhancing its vibrational mechanical energy conversion efficiency. To enhance environmental adaptability, the triboelectric power generation unit employs a spin-coating process to prepare a composite nanofilm triboelectric layer 41, which boasts advantages such as high density and high specific capacitance. This layer effectively overcomes the influence of temperature and humidity in the environment, ensuring the operational stability of the spring-loaded multilayer triboelectric nanogenerator module 4. Finally, the output power of the three generators is integrated through a power management circuit, providing power for the operation of electronic devices such as sensors and IoT devices. This composite vibration energy harvesting device offers valuable insights into environmental energy capture and electrical energy harvesting.

[0078] In summary, the three-stage energy harvesting structure of this invention adopts a collaborative structure of "middle magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator - upper and lower piezoelectric generators - outer triboelectric generators". The longitudinal transmission of vibration energy is achieved through the constraint and guidance module. The middle magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module introduces radial vibration mechanical energy into the upper and lower piezoelectric layers through a flexible connection. The outer triboelectric module forms an annular energy harvesting area.

[0079] The magnetic levitation low-friction electromagnetic generator uses a three-level magnetic repulsion arrangement to effectively counteract the influence of gravity, reducing the frictional loss of the magnet during the movement of cutting magnetic field lines, thus significantly improving the vibration energy conversion rate of the electromagnetic generator even in a micro-vibration environment.

[0080] The dual-crystal piezoelectric enhancement technology utilizes the flexible coupling of the mass block structure of the suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module 3 and the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2. By taking advantage of the inertial mass effect of the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator 2, the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 is used as a vibration trapping mass block, which enhances the mechanical deformation of the dual-crystal piezoelectric element and thus increases the output voltage of the parallel dual-crystal piezoelectric elements.

[0081] The three-dimensional helical spring structure of the multilayer triboelectric nanogenerator module 4 can increase the contact separation frequency between two triboelectric layers. Simultaneously, by adding rare earth elements to the dielectric material, the dielectric constant of the negative triboelectric layer material is increased.

[0082] The vibration energy harvester has the characteristic of wide frequency band operation. The magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 and the suspended beam piezoelectric generator module 3 are suitable for the mid-to-high frequency range, while the spring multilayer sheet triboelectric nanogenerator 4 is suitable for the low frequency range.

[0083] Those skilled in the art will understand that the accompanying drawings are merely schematic diagrams of one embodiment, and the modules or processes shown in the drawings are not necessarily essential for implementing the present invention.

[0084] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for apparatus or system embodiments, since they are basically similar to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments. The apparatus and system embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without creative effort.

[0085] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A composite micro / nano energy harvesting device, characterized in that, include: Constraint-guided module (1), magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module (2), suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module (3) and spring multilayer sheet triboelectric nanogenerator module (4). The magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module (2) is connected to the cantilever piezoelectric nanogenerator module (3) via a flexible nylon cantilever beam (33). The spring multilayer sheet triboelectric nanogenerator module (4) is fixed between two piezoelectric constraint modules in the constraint guide module 1. The magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module (2) is located at the center of the electromagnetic constraint guide module (51) in the constraint guide module (1). The spring multilayer sheet triboelectric nanogenerator module (4) fills the annular volume around the magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module (2) and forms an axial constraint.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constraint guidance module (1) includes an electromagnetic constraint guidance module (51) and a piezoelectric constraint guidance module (61). The electromagnetic constraint guidance module (51) is placed inside the piezoelectric constraint guidance module (61) to form a double-layer nested structure. A flexible nylon suspension beam (33) is used to connect the electromagnetic constraint guidance module (51) and the piezoelectric constraint guidance module (61). A spring multilayer sheet triboelectric nanogenerator module 4 surrounds the electromagnetic constraint guidance module (51).

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module (2) includes: neodymium iron boron permanent magnet (21), neodymium iron boron permanent magnet (22), neodymium iron boron permanent magnet (23), and copper coil (24); the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet (21) and (22) are located at the lower and upper parts of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet (23) respectively, and the polarities of the two magnets are opposite; the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet (23) is a vibration-captured mass block, forming an axial vibration unit, which cuts magnetic field lines in the electromagnetic constraint guide module (51) with the vibration force; the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet (23) is located in the middle of the electromagnetic constraint guide module (51), and its polarity is the same as that of the upper and lower magnets respectively; the two coils (24) are fixed on the other side of the upper and lower magnets respectively, and the two coils (24) are connected in parallel to realize energy conversion through electromagnetic induction.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module (3) includes: lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric ceramic (31), beryllium bronze electrode (32) and flexible nylon suspended beam (33). The suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module (3) adopts a dual-crystal piezoelectric structure design, wherein two PZT piezoelectric ceramics (31) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the beryllium bronze electrode (32), and one side electrode is led out from the beryllium bronze substrate; an electrode is led out from the other side of the dual-crystal PZT piezoelectric ceramic layer (31) and parallel output is realized; a hole is drilled in the center of the piezoelectric sheet and fixed in the groove of the piezoelectric sheet washer (63) of the piezoelectric constraint guide module (61).

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spring-loaded multilayer triboelectric nanogenerator module 4 includes: a PVDF-TrFE-CTFE-La2O3 composite nanofilm triboelectric layer (41), a spring-loaded TPU substrate (42), a copper foil layer (43), and a polyimide layer (44). The spring-loaded TPU substrate (42) adopts a helical spring structure design. Each layer of the spring multilayer structure consists of a copper foil electrode layer (43), a spring-loaded TPU substrate (42), a polyimide layer (44), a copper foil electrode layer (43), and a composite nanofilm triboelectric layer (41). The polyimide layer (44) is located between the copper foil electrode (43) and the spring-loaded TPU substrate (42). The dielectric material PVDF-TrFE-CTFE-La2O3 composite nanofilm triboelectric layer (41) and the conductive material of the copper foil electrode layer (43) are prepared by spin coating process to form a heterogeneous triboelectric interface.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic constraint guiding module (51) includes: a magnet sealing cover (52), a magnet box (53), a coil box (54), and a magnetic levitation guide rail (55); the sealing cover (52) is used to encapsulate the electromagnetic constraint guiding module (51); neodymium iron boron permanent magnets (21) and neodymium iron boron permanent magnets (22) are fixedly installed at the upper and lower ends of the magnet box (53); two coils (24) are built into the inside of the coil box (54), and wires are led out through the preset through holes; the magnetic levitation guide rail (55) contains neodymium iron boron permanent magnets (23).

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piezoelectric constraint guiding module (61) includes: a piezoelectric sheet sealing cover (62), a piezoelectric sheet gasket (63), a circuit box (64), and a collector housing (65). The piezoelectric sheet sealing cover achieves overall device encapsulation through component cooperation. The piezoelectric sheet gasket (63) fixes two piezoelectric sheets axially to form a symmetrical mechanical structure. The circuit box (64) integrates a power management circuit and completes the connection through a preset wire. The collector housing (65) adopts a double-layer nested structure and integrates a magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module 2 and a spring multilayer sheet friction nanogenerator module 4.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The neodymium iron boron permanent magnet (23) is located at the center of the electromagnetic constraint guidance module (51). The magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module (2) is constructed based on the principle of like poles repulsion of magnets. The neodymium iron boron permanent magnet adopts the NSN or SNS type like pole magnetic field repulsion structure to achieve levitation. The stable levitation force is formed by the directional arrangement of the like poles of the upper and lower permanent magnets. The central permanent magnet adopts a symmetrical levitation layout.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piezoelectric nanogenerator module (3) adopts a cantilever structure with full end fixed support. The piezoelectric sheet is fixed in the groove of the piezoelectric sheet washer (63) through embedded design. The magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator module (2) is used as a vibration capture mass block by the flexible nylon cantilever beam (33) to drive the cantilever piezoelectric nanogenerator module (3) to convert the vibration mechanical energy into the bending deformation of the ceramic piezoelectric sheet, thereby causing the piezoelectric effect to generate alternating current and realizing the conversion of vibration mechanical energy into electrical energy.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module (3) uses a dual-crystal piezoelectric sheet. In vibration mode, the upper and lower dual-crystal piezoelectric sheets undergo synergistic deformation, which improves the voltage output of the suspended beam piezoelectric nanogenerator module (3).

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