A light rain co-generation device and method based on solar cell panel electrode multiplexing

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of energy power generation, and discloses a light rain synergic generator and method based on solar cell panel electrode multiplexing, which comprises a solar cell panel, a friction dielectric layer, a subsurface electrode C, an adjustable inclination angle and height assembly; the internal metal grid line and the conductive network of the solar cell panel simultaneously serve as a power generation electrode of the solar cell panel and an induced bottom electrode of the friction nanogenerator, electrode multiplexing is realized, and the induced charge can be guided out through the original photovoltaic output loop without an additional transparent conductive layer, relying on the alternating current short circuit (capacitive coupling) characteristics of the internal PN junction under the transient triboelectric pulse. The application completely saves a large-area transparent conductive electrode (ITO, etc.), only needs a layer of cheap FEP film and a small amount of copper foil, is easy to be large-scale transformed, almost does not affect the photovoltaic performance of the solar panel, and under the premise of not damaging the packaging of the solar panel, the generated short circuit current can reach 6 mu A, which is much higher than that of a traditional similar device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy power generation technology, specifically relating to a solar-rain co-generation generator and method based on the reuse of solar panel electrodes. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, to improve the energy utilization rate of solar power generation systems during cloudy and rainy weather, integrating droplet / rain energy harvesting technology with solar panels has become an important research direction in the field of new energy. The mainstream technical solution is to integrate a droplet nanogenerator with a transparent electrode on the outer side of the solar panel, forming a solar-rain synergistic power generation device that can simultaneously utilize light energy and rain energy.

[0003] The typical structure and working principle of existing solar-rain co-generation devices are as follows: A large-area, highly transparent conductive layer is prepared on top of the solar panel. Commonly used materials include indium tin oxide (ITO), silver nanowires, and graphene, which serve as the inductive bottom electrode of the generator. A polymer insulating film is then coated on this transparent conductive layer as a triboelectric layer. During operation, raindrops impact and flow across the film surface, converting rain energy into electrical energy through solid-liquid contact charging and electrostatic induction. The solar panel then independently generates photovoltaic power on sunny days.

[0004] However, the aforementioned existing technologies have the following obvious drawbacks in practical applications:

[0005] High cost and complex manufacturing process: The manufacturing process of large-area, highly uniform transparent conductive electrodes is complicated, and the core materials such as ITO are expensive, resulting in high overall cost of the device and making it difficult to promote on a large scale and upgrade existing solar panels.

[0006] There is shading loss, which reduces photovoltaic efficiency: The additional transparent conductive layer and friction layer increase the optical path and block part of the incident sunlight, which leads to a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar panel on sunny days and affects the core power generation performance.

[0007] Extremely low output current and poor practical application: Traditional single-electrode structures have high internal resistance and the output current is usually only at the nanoampere level, which cannot directly drive conventional electronic devices and has limited energy harvesting value.

[0008] Poor environmental adaptability and insufficient total rainfall collection capacity: Most devices are designed only for discrete raindrops, and when heavy rain forms a continuous water flow, they are prone to charge short circuits, sudden drop in collection efficiency, or even shutdown. At the same time, the fixed installation angle of the device cannot be adapted to different slopes and different rainfall conditions, making it difficult to maintain stable and efficient output. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a solar-rain co-generation generator and method based on the reuse of solar panel electrodes, thereby solving the problems of high cost, complex manufacturing process, shading loss, and poor practicality in the prior art.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a solar-rain co-generation generator based on the reuse of solar panel electrodes, comprising: a solar panel, a triboelectric layer, a subsurface electrode C, and an adjustable height and tilt angle assembly; The metal grid lines and conductive network on the front of the solar cell serve as both the power generation electrode of the solar panel and the induction bottom electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator, achieving electrode reuse without the need for additional transparent conductive layer fabrication. Furthermore, the triboelectric induced charge is exported through the transient AC coupling of the PN junction inside the solar cell. The triboelectric dielectric layer is a FEP film covering the light-receiving surface of the solar panel, and the under-surface electrode C is attached to the lower edge of the FEP film and leads out a wire; The sensing bottom electrode is formed by the positive output wire A or negative output wire B of the solar panel as the sensing bottom electrode lead-out end of the nanogenerator, which is connected to the other end of the external circuit and together with the surface electrode C to form a power generation circuit. The generator is independent of the location of the raindrops. The droplets can achieve contact charging and electrostatic induction output at any position of the FEP friction film. It can generate electricity continuously under heavy rain conditions with discrete raindrops and continuous water flow. It uses the internal capacitance effect of the solar panel to increase the output current to the microamp level.

[0011] Preferably, the FEP film has a thickness of 0.01–0.2 mm and is fixed to the front of the solar panel by physical pressing or sealing with transparent adhesive. It serves as both a triboelectric layer and a protective layer for the surface of the solar panel, without blocking sunlight or reducing photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0012] Preferably, the under-surface electrode C is a copper foil with a width of 1 cm, which is only disposed at the lower edge of the FEP film and does not cover the effective light-receiving area of ​​the solar panel.

[0013] Preferably, the external circuit obtains the induced electrical signal by connecting any native output wire (positive red wire A or negative black wire B) on the back of the solar panel, without disassembling the solar panel or adding extra wires. The sensing bottom electrode is a metal grid and conductive network on the front side of the solar cell.

[0014] Both the positive output wire A and the negative output wire B can be used independently as the induction bottom electrode lead-out terminals, and efficient electrostatic induction can be achieved by utilizing the AC short-circuit characteristics of the PN junction under electrostatic pulse.

[0015] Preferably, the adjustable height and tilt angle assembly allows the tilt angle of the solar panel to be continuously adjustable from 0° to 90°; The adjustable height and tilt components allow the droplet height to be adjusted from 5 cm to 60 cm to switch output modes.

[0016] Preferably, the output mode includes: In high-current pulse mode, when a water droplet comes into contact with and spreads out, it touches the electrode C on the lower surface, generating an instantaneous microampere-level current output; In the DC charge accumulation mode, a water droplet rapidly slides to contact the lower electrode C on the surface, achieving unidirectional charge accumulation and charging the energy storage element. In the continuous liquid flushing mode, a large flow of rainwater forms a continuous water film on the membrane surface, generating dense electrical pulses.

[0017] A method for operating a solar-rain co-generator based on solar panel electrode reuse includes the following steps: S1. Cover the light-receiving surface of the solar panel with an FEP film, and set a surface electrode C at the lower edge of the film; S2. Reuse the metal grid lines and conductive network on the front of the solar cell as the sensing bottom electrode, completely eliminate the additional transparent conductive electrode, and connect the sensing bottom electrode wire and the surface electrode C wire to the external circuit. S3. When raindrops or water flow come into contact with the FEP film, contact charging occurs, causing the FEP surface to carry a negative charge. Under the influence of the negative electric field on the FEP surface, the reusable inductive bottom electrode inside the solar panel induces an equal amount of positive charge. S4. By adjusting the tilt angle and drip height, high current pulse output or DC charge accumulation output can be achieved; S5. A dynamic liquid film is formed under the continuous water flow, and a quasi-steady-state current pulse is continuously output to complete the full range of rain energy collection.

[0018] Preferably, the droplet instantaneously connects the FEP surface and the electrode C below the surface when it is in its maximum spreading state, and the induced charge is rapidly released to form a microampere-level pulse current.

[0019] Preferably, the droplet slides at high speed along the FEP film, and achieves unidirectional charge transfer through the double-layer shear effect, thereby achieving voltage step accumulation on the energy storage capacitor.

[0020] Preferably, solar panels generate electricity independently on sunny days, and a reused electrode structure generates rain energy on rainy days, achieving all-weather solar-rain synergistic power generation.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a solar-rain co-generation generator and method based on the reuse of solar panel electrodes, which has the following beneficial effects: Extremely low cost and high transparency: It completely eliminates the need for large-area transparent conductive electrodes (ITO, etc.), requiring only a layer of inexpensive FEP film and a very small amount of copper foil, without affecting the photovoltaic performance of the solar panel, and is extremely easy to upgrade on a large scale.

[0022] Significantly improves output performance: It cleverly reuses the metal grid lines and conductive network on the front of the solar cell as the sensing bottom electrode, generating a short-circuit current of up to 6μA, which is much higher than that of traditional similar devices, and can directly light up LED lights.

[0023] A novel electrode reuse mechanism: The "AC short circuit" characteristic of PN junctions under electrostatic pulses was discovered and utilized, enabling both the positive and negative terminals of the solar panel to serve as highly efficient electrostatic induction terminals, thus simplifying circuit design.

[0024] All-weather and full-rainfall collection: It realizes energy collection under all operating conditions, from solar power generation on sunny days to scattered droplets from light rain to continuous flushing from heavy rain. Seamless switching of triboelectric power generation improves energy utilization efficiency.

[0025] Dual-mode power generation: The device can achieve high-current transient output (for real-time drive) or DC voltage accumulation (for energy storage) depending on the distance of the droplet landing point.

[0026] Environmental adaptability: By adjusting the tilt angle, this device can simulate and adapt to the installation environment of roofs or rainwater runoff surfaces with different slopes, ensuring optimal output power under various installation conditions.

[0027] Controllable switching of output modes: The device no longer has only one fixed electrical output. Users can achieve a precise match between "pursuing high instantaneous power (lighting up LEDs)" and "pursuing efficient charge storage (charging capacitors)" by adjusting the combination of height and tilt angle. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the solar-rain co-generation generator based on solar panel electrode reuse according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the layout and lead-out positions of the back conductors A (red) and B (black) on the solar panel of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the under-surface electrode C of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the change of current over time in the single-droplet DC mode of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the change of current over time in the single-drop AC mode of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage change over time in the single-droplet DC mode of the present invention; Figure 7This is a schematic diagram illustrating the change of current over time during heavy rain, as presented in this invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the charging changes of a 1000μF capacitor before and after the FEP is attached to the solar panel according to the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the positive output wire A of the solar panel on the current according to the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of connecting the solar negative electrode output wire B on the current according to the present invention; Figure 11 This invention does not involve connecting solar power wires. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0030] Example 1: See attached document Figures 1 to 11 A solar-rain co-generator based on solar panel electrode reuse includes: a commercial solar panel, a triboelectric layer, a subsurface electrode C, and an adjustable height and tilt angle assembly; The metal grid lines and conductive network on the front of the solar cell serve as both the power generation electrode of the solar panel and the induction bottom electrode of the nanogenerator, achieving electrode reuse (directly replacing traditional transparent conductive electrodes without the need for additional ITO, silver nanowires or graphene transparent conductive layers), eliminating the need for additional transparent conductive layers. This solution uses the metal grid lines and conductive network on the front of the solar cell as both the power generation electrode of the solar panel and the induction bottom electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator. This gives it the dual function of a photovoltaic power generation electrode and a droplet triboelectric nanogenerator induction bottom electrode, directly replacing the large-area transparent conductive electrodes such as ITO, silver nanowires, and graphene required in traditional solar-rain co-generation devices. This eliminates the fabrication process and material costs of additional transparent conductive layers at the structural level, achieving integrated design without additional transparent electrodes.

[0031] The triboelectric dielectric layer is a FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer) film covering the light-receiving surface of the solar panel, and the under-surface electrode C is attached to the lower edge of the FEP film and leads out a wire; FEP film is a triboelectric dielectric material with high electron affinity in solid-liquid contact electrification system, possessing excellent durability, hydrophobicity and insulation; the surface electrode C attached to the lower edge of the FEP film is the charge collection and output terminal, which together with the induction bottom electrode wire led out from the back of the solar panel to form a closed electrostatic induction power generation circuit.

[0032] This device overcomes the limitations of raindrop landing location; contact between a droplet and any area of ​​the FEP film can trigger solid-liquid contact electrification and electrostatic induction coupling output. It is adaptable to both discrete raindrops and continuous water flow conditions, and relies on its internal P... The AC short-circuit (capacitive coupling) characteristic of the N-junction under transient triboelectric pulses allows induced charges to be discharged through the existing photovoltaic output circuit without the need for an additional transparent conductive layer. This increases the traditional nanoampere-level output current to the microampere-level steady-state output, significantly improving the practicality of rain energy harvesting.

[0033] The sensing bottom electrode is led out by a wire from the back of the solar panel, and together with the wire led out by the surface bottom electrode C, they form a power generation circuit. The generator is independent of the raindrop's landing point; the droplet can achieve contact charging and electrostatic induction output at any position on the FEP friction film. It continuously generates electricity under conditions of both discrete raindrops and continuous water flow during heavy rain, relying on its internal P... The AC short-circuit (capacitive coupling) characteristic of the N-junction under transient triboelectric pulses increases the output current to the microamp level.

[0034] See attached document Figure 1 The FEP film has a thickness of 0.01–0.2 mm and is fixed to the front of the solar panel by physical pressing or sealing with transparent adhesive. It serves as both a triboelectric layer and a protective layer on the surface of the solar panel, without blocking sunlight or reducing photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0035] See attached document Figure 3 The under-surface electrode C is a copper foil with a width of 1 cm, which is only set at the lower edge of the FEP film and does not cover the effective light-receiving area of ​​the solar panel; Copper foil possesses electrical advantages such as low resistivity, high charge mobility, and easy soldering of leads, enabling rapid collection and discharge of interface-induced charges. The electrode is linearly arranged only along the lower edge of the FEP film, completely avoiding the effective light-receiving area of ​​the solar panel, thus eliminating light-shielding losses and optical interference. The electrode and FEP film are bonded using conductive adhesive, ensuring lossless charge transfer when the droplet contacts and conducts. This single-electrode arrangement simplifies the structure, reduces material consumption, and avoids the charge short-circuiting and signal interference problems associated with multi-electrode layouts.

[0036] See attached document Figure 2 The lead wire of the sensing bottom electrode is either the positive output wire A or the negative output wire B led out from the back of the solar panel; Both the positive output wire A and the negative output wire B can be used independently as the induction bottom electrode lead-out terminals, and efficient electrostatic induction can be achieved by utilizing the AC short-circuit characteristics of the PN junction under electrostatic pulse. Its core principle is that the PN junction of the solar panel exhibits a momentary AC short-circuit characteristic under electrostatic pulse excitation. This characteristic eliminates the binding effect of the built-in electric field of the PN junction on the electrostatic induced charge, significantly reducing the induced charge transmission impedance and improving electrostatic induction efficiency. The dual independent lead-out design for the positive and negative terminals allows for flexible selection of the induction circuit based on rainfall intensity and installation tilt angle, adapting to the impedance matching requirements of different output modes and simplifying the topology of external rectification and energy storage circuits.

[0037] In this embodiment, the adjustable height and tilt angle assembly allows the tilt angle of the solar panel to be continuously adjustable from 0° to 90°; The adjustable height and tilt components allow the droplet height to be adjusted from 5 cm to 60 cm to switch output modes.

[0038] By adjusting the droplet impact kinetic energy and contact state, the system can actively switch between three output modes: high-current pulse, DC charge accumulation, and continuous fluid scouring, meeting the needs of different application scenarios such as real-time drive and energy storage. See attached document Figures 4 to 7 The output modes include: In the high-current pulse mode, the droplet landing point and tilt angle are adjusted so that the droplet can instantly connect the FEP surface and the electrode C below the surface in the maximum spreading state. At this time, a large amount of induced charge accumulated inside the solar panel is rapidly released through the droplet conduction circuit. The peak short-circuit current in the high-current pulse mode can reach 6 μA. In the DC charge accumulation mode (charge pumping), the tilt angle is adjusted to allow the droplet to slide at high speed on the FEP. Utilizing the double-layer shearing effect as the droplet slides away from the interface, the droplet carries a net positive charge and is injected into the lower electrode C. In this mode, the charge transfer is unidirectional, enabling a step-like linear accumulation of voltage on the energy storage capacitor. In the continuous fluid scouring mode, when the droplet becomes a continuous water flow, the water flow forms a dynamic liquid film on the surface. The water flow acts as a moving load source, constantly rubbing against the FEP and discharging charge through the lower electrode C, generating high-frequency, high-density quasi-steady-state current pulses.

[0039] A method for operating a solar-rain co-generator based on solar panel electrode reuse includes the following steps: S1. Cover the light-receiving surface of the solar panel with an FEP film, and set a surface electrode C at the lower edge of the film; S2. The metal grid lines and conductive network on the front of the solar cell are reused as both the power generation electrode of the solar panel and the induction bottom electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator, completely eliminating the additional transparent conductive electrode, and connecting the induction bottom electrode wire and the surface electrode C wire to the external circuit. This step is the core implementation of electrode reuse. It directly uses the metal grid lines and conductive network on the front of the solar cell as the sensing bottom electrode, completely eliminating the complex processes of fabrication, bonding, and photolithography of large-area transparent conductive electrodes in traditional solutions. The sensing bottom electrode wire A or B, led from the back of the solar panel, and the under-surface electrode wire C are respectively connected to an external rectifier bridge, a voltage regulator circuit, and a load / energy storage unit to construct a complete photovoltaic-rain co-generation circuit, achieving electrical isolation and coordinated output of the photovoltaic and rain energy power generation systems.

[0040] S3. When raindrops or water flow come into contact with the FEP film, contact charging occurs, causing the FEP surface to carry a negative charge. Under the influence of the negative electric field on the FEP surface, the reusable inductive bottom electrode inside the solar panel induces an equal amount of positive charge. When raindrops / water flow come into contact with the FEP thin film, solid-liquid contact electrification occurs due to interfacial electron transfer. The FEP film surface captures electrons and carries a high density of negative electrostatic charge. The electrostatic field formed by this negative charge penetrates the photovoltaic glass and, through electrostatic induction, excites an equal amount of opposite positive charges on the reused inductive bottom electrode inside the solar panel, forming an interfacial potential difference and a space charge region, providing the potential energy basis for subsequent charge release and output. This process is a lossless physical electrification that does not rely on external energy and is driven solely by the kinetic energy of the rainfall.

[0041] S4. By adjusting the tilt angle and drip height, high current pulse output or DC charge accumulation output can be achieved; By adjusting the droplet sliding characteristics through a closed-loop tilt angle and precisely controlling the droplet impact energy through droplet height, the two mechanisms work together to achieve directional switching of the output mode: low tilt angle and medium height are suitable for high-current pulse mode; high tilt angle and high height are suitable for DC charge accumulation mode. This adjustment mechanism can dynamically optimize the output characteristics and improve energy utilization efficiency according to actual rainfall conditions and power demand. S5. A dynamic liquid film is formed under the continuous water flow, and a quasi-steady-state current pulse is continuously output to complete the full range of rain energy collection. Under heavy rain conditions, continuous water flow forms a dynamic liquid film on the FEP surface. The liquid film continuously covers the friction interface and maintains a conductive connection, making the contact electrification and electrostatic induction process continuous and stable, and outputting a quasi-steady-state current pulse. This enables the full-range rain energy collection of light rain discrete droplets, medium rain droplet groups, and heavy rain continuous water flow, breaking through the limitation of traditional devices that are only suitable for a single rainfall pattern.

[0042] In this embodiment, the droplet instantaneously connects the FEP surface and the electrode C below the surface when it is in its maximum spreading state, and the induced charge is rapidly released to form a microampere-level pulse current.

[0043] When the droplet spreads to its maximum area after impacting the FEP film, the droplet itself acts as a liquid conductor, instantaneously bridging the charged surface of the FEP and the electrode C below the surface, eliminating the interfacial charge barrier, and causing the accumulated charge on the sensing bottom electrode to be released rapidly in the form of pulses.

[0044] This process follows the transient response principle of RC circuits. Due to the synergistic effect of the internal capacitance and loop resistance of the solar panel, a narrow-pulse-width, high-amplitude microampere-level current pulse is generated, resulting in output characteristics far superior to those of traditional single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerators. In this embodiment, the droplet slides at high speed along the FEP film, and achieves unidirectional charge transfer through the double-layer shearing effect, thereby realizing voltage step accumulation on the energy storage capacitor.

[0045] As the droplet slides at high speed along the FEP film, the diffused layer charge in the electrical double layer at the solid-liquid interface is sheared off, resulting in a unidirectional net charge transfer. This process is equivalent to a charge pumping effect. The transferred charge is continuously injected into the external energy storage capacitor, causing the capacitor voltage to rise in a stepwise manner. This enables the conversion of AC pulse signals into DC energy storage signals, solving the problems of unstable output and difficulty in storage in traditional rainwater power generation.

[0046] In this embodiment, solar panels generate electricity independently on sunny days, and a reused electrode structure generates rain energy on rainy days, achieving all-weather solar-rain synergistic power generation.

[0047] Sunny, rainless conditions: The FEP thin film does not interfere with the incident sunlight, and the solar panel independently completes the photoelectric conversion through the photovoltaic effect, outputting stable DC power to meet the main power supply needs.

[0048] Rainy weather operation: Photovoltaic output weakens, and the device automatically switches to the electrode reuse rain energy power generation mode. Rain energy is collected through solid-liquid friction charging and electrostatic induction, realizing time-sharing complementarity and all-weather coordinated power generation of solar energy and rain energy, which greatly improves the energy utilization rate and power supply continuity of the new energy system in rainy weather.

[0049] A method for fabricating a solar-rain co-generator based on solar panel electrode reuse includes the following: Preparation stage: Take a 15cm×15cm monocrystalline silicon solar panel.

[0050] Coating process: A 0.15mm thick FEP film is fixed to the front of the solar panel by physical pressing or sealing the edges with transparent adhesive.

[0051] Electrode setup: Attach a 1cm wide self-adhesive copper foil along the lower edge of the film (where the droplet flows out) and lead out wire C.

[0052] Circuit connection: Connect the red wire A on the back of the solar panel to the black probe (COM terminal) of the electrometer (such as Keithley 6514), and connect the copper foil wire C to the red probe (input terminal).

[0053] Energy harvesting experiment: Tilt the device at 60° and fix it in place. Drop water droplets at a certain frequency from 25cm above the device.

[0054] When the droplet lands close to the copper foil and contacts the copper foil at maximum spread, a peak current of 6μA can be observed and the LED can be lit.

[0055] When the droplet falls at a high point, and then slides before contacting the copper foil, a step-like increase in the voltage of the external capacitor can be observed.

[0056] Continuous fluid power generation: Simulating heavy rain conditions, a continuous flow of water was used to wash the surface of a thin film. The current signal was observed to transform into a dense quasi-steady-state pulse sequence, with the total charge output per unit time reaching more than five times that of the discrete mode.

[0057] See attached document Figures 8 to 11 To demonstrate that the FEP film has no impact on the intrinsic output performance of the solar panel, output performance tests were conducted on the same solar panel before and after film application. The solar panel was completely covered with a 0.15mm FEP film, and a 1000μF capacitor was used for charging. The test conditions simulated a single water droplet with a drop height of 25cm, a solar panel tilt angle of 55°, and the solar panel and capacitor connected in series. A 6514 electrometer was set to voltage mode with a range of 10V and connected in parallel across the capacitor. Figure 8 As shown, it can be seen that the capacitor can be charged to 7V in about 4 seconds before and after the film is applied, proving that the FEP film has no impact on the output performance of the solar panel.

[0058] To demonstrate that the internal metal grid lines and conductive network of a solar panel simultaneously serve as the power generation electrode of the solar panel and the inductive bottom electrode of a triboelectric nanogenerator, thus achieving electrode reuse, and relying on the internal P The AC short-circuit (capacitive coupling) characteristic of the N-junction under transient triboelectric pulses allows the induced charge to be discharged through the original photovoltaic output circuit without the need for an additional transparent conductive layer.

[0059] The external circuit acquires the induced electrical signal by connecting any of the native output wires on the back of the solar panel (positive red wire A or negative black wire B), without requiring disassembly of the solar panel or additional wiring. The current output performance was tested by completely covering the solar panel with a 0.15mm FEP film. The test conditions simulated a single water droplet, with a droplet height of 25cm, a solar panel tilt angle of 55°, and a 6514 electrometer connected in series in the circuit. Figure 9As shown, when the lower electrode C wire of the droplet triboelectric nanogenerator is connected to the red probe of the electrometer, and the black probe is connected to the positive output wire A; as Figure 10 As shown, the black probe is connected to the negative output wire B; as Figure 11 As shown, with the black probe grounded, it was found that the output performance reached approximately 7μA regardless of whether the black probe was connected to solar electrode A or B. However, when grounded, the current was only 1.2μA. This fully demonstrates the electrode reuse and internal P The AC short-circuit (capacitive coupling) characteristics of the N-junction under transient triboelectric pulses.

[0060] Furthermore, from a practical perspective, the FEP film applied to the surface of the solar panel is a hydrophobic material. It not only serves as a friction layer for generating electricity through friction with water droplets, but also reduces the obstruction of light transmittance by dust and debris on the solar panel surface due to its hydrophobic nature. Additionally, as FEP is a flexible polymer material, it can protect the solar panel from damage to the surface glass by gravel, thus reducing maintenance costs.

[0061] Results Verification: Tests were conducted with three cases: connected wire A, connected wire B, and A / B disconnected. The experiments demonstrated that the current increased significantly when A or B was connected, proving the effectiveness of reusing the internal electrodes of the solar panel in enhancing electrostatic induction.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar-rain co-generator based on solar panel electrode reuse, comprising: Solar panel, triboelectric layer, subsurface electrode C, adjustable height and tilt assembly; Its features include: the metal grid lines and conductive network on the front side of the solar cell serve as both the power generation electrode of the solar panel and the induction bottom electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator, achieving electrode reuse without the need for additional transparent conductive layer preparation, and exporting triboelectric induced charge through the transient AC coupling of the PN junction inside the solar cell. The triboelectric dielectric layer is a FEP film covering the light-receiving surface of the solar panel, and the under-surface electrode C is attached to the lower edge of the FEP film and leads out a wire; The sensing bottom electrode is formed by the positive output wire A or negative output wire B of the solar panel as the sensing bottom electrode lead-out end of the nanogenerator, which is connected to the other end of the external circuit and together with the surface electrode C to form a power generation circuit. The generator is independent of the location of the raindrops. The droplets can achieve contact charging and electrostatic induction output at any position of the FEP friction film. It can generate electricity continuously under heavy rain conditions with discrete raindrops and continuous water flow. It uses the internal capacitance effect of the solar panel to increase the output current to the microamp level.

2. The solar-rain co-generation generator based on solar panel electrode reuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The FEP film has a thickness of 0.01–0.2 mm and is fixed to the front of the solar panel by physical pressing or sealing with transparent adhesive. It serves as both a triboelectric layer and a protective layer on the surface of the solar panel, without blocking sunlight or reducing photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

3. The solar-rain co-generation generator based on solar panel electrode reuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The under-surface electrode C is a copper foil with a width of 1 cm, which is only set at the lower edge of the FEP film and does not cover the effective light-receiving area of ​​the solar panel.

4. The solar-rain co-generation generator based on solar panel electrode reuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external circuit obtains the induced electrical signal by connecting to any native output wire on the back of the solar panel, without the need to disassemble the solar panel or add extra wires. Both the positive output wire A and the negative output wire B can be used independently as the induction bottom electrode lead-out terminals, and efficient electrostatic induction can be achieved by utilizing the AC short-circuit characteristics of the PN junction under electrostatic pulse.

5. The solar-rain co-generation generator based on solar panel electrode reuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable height and tilt angle assembly allows the tilt angle of the solar panel to be continuously adjusted from 0° to 90°. The adjustable height and tilt components allow the droplet height to be adjusted between 5 cm and 60 cm to switch output modes.

6. The solar-rain co-generator based on solar panel electrode reuse according to claim 5, characterized in that, The output modes include: In high-current pulse mode, when a water droplet comes into contact with and spreads out, it touches the electrode C on the lower surface, generating an instantaneous microampere-level current output; In the DC charge accumulation mode, a water droplet rapidly slides to contact the lower electrode C on the surface, achieving unidirectional charge accumulation and charging the energy storage element. In the continuous fluid scouring mode, a large flow of rainwater forms a continuous water film on the surface of the film, generating dense current pulses.

7. A method for operating a solar-rain co-generator based on solar panel electrode reuse as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Cover the light-receiving surface of the solar panel with an FEP film, and set a surface electrode C at the lower edge of the film; S2. Reuse the metal grid lines and conductive network on the front of the solar cell as the sensing bottom electrode, completely eliminate the additional transparent conductive electrode, and connect the sensing bottom electrode wire and the surface electrode C wire to the external circuit. S3. When raindrops or water flow come into contact with the FEP film, contact charging occurs, causing the FEP surface to carry a negative charge. Under the influence of the negative electric field on the FEP surface, the reused inductive bottom electrode inside the solar panel induces an equal amount of positive charge. S4. By adjusting the tilt angle and drip height, high current pulse output or DC charge accumulation output can be achieved; S5. A dynamic liquid film is formed under the continuous water flow, and a quasi-steady-state current pulse is continuously output to complete the full range of rain energy collection.

8. The operating method of the solar-rain co-generator based on solar panel electrode reuse according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the droplet is in its maximum spreading state, it instantly connects the FEP surface with the electrode C below the surface, and the induced charge is rapidly released to form a microampere-level pulse current.

9. The method for operating a solar-rain co-generator based on solar panel electrode reuse according to claim 7, characterized in that, The droplet slides at high speed along the FEP film, and achieves unidirectional charge transfer through the double-layer shear effect, thus realizing voltage step accumulation on the energy storage capacitor.

10. The method for operating a solar-rain co-generator based on solar panel electrode reuse according to claim 7, characterized in that, On sunny days, solar panels generate electricity independently, while on rainy days, the electrode reuse structure generates rain energy, achieving all-weather solar-rain synergistic power generation.

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