Grazing-light complementary ecological breeding method

Abstract

The invention provides a grazing-light complementary ecological breeding method, and relates to the technical field of agriculture and renewable energy sources. According to the method, a planting area below a photovoltaic module is scientifically divided into a full-sunny area, a semi-shaded area and a full-shaded area according to daily average illumination intensity, and a clear illumination threshold range is set; the poultry breeding house is sequentially provided with a brooding house, a breeding house and a fattening house with the area ratio of 1: 2: 1.5 in the east-west direction, the south side and the north side of the poultry breeding house are each provided with an illumination subarea in a reverse sequence, and the northern side area extends to form a slope of 3-10 degrees. Through quantitative grading of illumination resources and accurate matching of cultivation space, the problem of planting blindness caused by uneven illumination distribution under a photovoltaic array is solved, three-dimensional efficient utilization of land and cultivation process optimization are achieved, and the resource utilization efficiency and environmental friendliness of the system are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of agriculture and renewable energy technology, specifically to a method of ecological aquaculture that combines pasture and solar power. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic-livestock hybrid technology, as an important model for the efficient use of land resources, has been widely applied in the field of agricultural and energy integration. This technology enables three-dimensional land reuse by simultaneously carrying out planting or livestock farming activities beneath photovoltaic arrays, effectively alleviating the contradiction between the scarcity of arable land resources and the demand for clean energy development. In existing technologies, photovoltaic modules are typically installed at a fixed tilt angle on a supporting structure, with the area beneath them planned as a planting or livestock farming area. Basic irrigation facilities and simple fencing are used to achieve the basic functions of crop cultivation and livestock breeding. Some systems also integrate manure collection pipelines to support basic resource recycling.

[0003] However, uneven light distribution caused by photovoltaic array projection is common, making it difficult for the light conditions in the planting area to be stably matched with the crop growth needs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method for ecological farming that combines pasture and solar power, which can solve the technical problems of blind planting and low space utilization efficiency caused by uneven light distribution in traditional pasture-solar power models.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a photovoltaic-livestock complementary ecological farming method, including photovoltaic modules, support columns, and poultry houses. The planting area under the photovoltaic modules is divided into a full-sun area, a semi-shaded area, and a full-shaded area according to the average daily light intensity. The average daily light intensity L1 of the full-sun area satisfies 0.75L≤L1≤L, the average daily light intensity L2 of the semi-shaded area satisfies 0.35L≤L2<0.75L, and the average daily light intensity L3 of the full-shaded area satisfies L3<0.35L, where L is the average daily light intensity of the unobstructed open space. The poultry houses are arranged along the east-west direction of the photovoltaic modules as brooding houses, rearing houses, and fattening houses, with an area ratio of 1:2:1.5. The south side of the poultry houses is arranged from north to south as a semi-shaded area and a full-sun area, and the north side is arranged from south to north as a full-shaded area and a semi-shaded area. The semi-shaded area and the full-shaded area on the north side extend towards the adjacent facilities to form a slope of 3° to 10°.

[0007] In one alternative embodiment, the photovoltaic modules also serve as the roof structure of the poultry barn.

[0008] In one alternative embodiment, the brooding house, rearing house, and fattening house correspond to the spatial layout of the south-facing fully sun area and the north-facing fully shaded and semi-shaded areas, respectively.

[0009] In one optional embodiment, the bottom of the poultry house is equipped with a manure collection device consisting of a wire mesh bed and a manure scraper. The collected manure is transported to an underground fermentation tank on the northwest side outside the planting area. The biogas produced by fermentation is transported through pipelines to a biogas combustion furnace inside the poultry house. The fermentation residue is reused for soil improvement in the planting area.

[0010] In one optional embodiment, the semi-shaded area is divided into multiple sub-regions, each of which is configured with different shade-tolerant forage varieties, and the boundary of the semi-shaded area is monitored by a light sensor and the position of the planting area fence is dynamically adjusted.

[0011] In one alternative embodiment, a flow channel made of flexible shading material with adjustable light transmittance is provided between the semi-shaded area and the poultry house, and a light scattering layer is provided on the surface of the semi-shaded area.

[0012] In one alternative embodiment, a micro-sprinkler irrigation system is provided in the semi-shaded area, which is connected to a manure collection device at the bottom of the poultry house via a liquid fertilizer delivery pipeline.

[0013] In one alternative embodiment, the surface structure of the fully sunlit area is a high-transmittance structure.

[0014] In one alternative embodiment, the fully sunlit area extends in an east-west direction and is arranged adjacent to the south side of the poultry house, with no vertical obstructions to its south.

[0015] In one alternative embodiment, the sunlit area is divided into multiple sub-planting units separated by a planting area mesh fence, and each sub-planting unit has an independent drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation branch pipe at its bottom.

[0016] This invention provides a solar-pastoral complementary ecological farming method. This method divides the planting area beneath the photovoltaic modules into fully sunny, partially shaded, and fully shaded zones based on the average daily light intensity. The average daily light intensity L1 in the fully sunny zone satisfies 0.75L≤L1≤L, the average daily light intensity L2 in the partially shaded zone satisfies 0.35L≤L2<0.75L, and the average daily light intensity L3 in the fully shaded zone satisfies L3<0.35L, where L is the average daily light intensity of unobstructed open space. This achieves quantitative and hierarchical management of light resources, allowing the light conditions in the planting area to precisely match the growth needs of different crops. Furthermore, poultry houses are arranged sequentially along the east-west direction of the photovoltaic modules as brooding houses, rearing houses, and fattening houses. The area ratio of the three types of sheds is 1:2:1.5. This area ratio configuration allows for dynamic adaptation of the breeding space to the density and management needs of poultry at different growth stages. Furthermore, the south side of the poultry shed is divided into a semi-shaded area and a fully sunned area from north to south, while the north side is divided into a fully shaded area and a semi-shaded area from south to north. The semi-shaded and fully shaded areas on the north side extend towards adjacent facilities, forming a slope of 3° to 10°. This spatial layout utilizes the north-south microclimate gradient generated by the photovoltaic array, allowing the brooding shed to preferentially obtain sunlight and heat from the south, while the fattening shed utilizes the shaded environment on the north side. At the same time, the sloping structure improves drainage performance and reduces shading, thereby achieving optimized breeding processes and efficient three-dimensional land use within a single facility. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention / utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention / utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention / utility model.

[0018] Example 1:

[0019] Traditional solar-pastoral complementary models generally adopt a simple superimposed layout of "photovoltaic array + ground planting + independent poultry house", without quantitatively identifying and functionally classifying the light resources in the space below the photovoltaic modules, resulting in extensive utilization of light in the planting area. In fully shaded areas, weeds grow rampant and pasture withers; in fully sunned areas, transpiration is intense and moisture is unbalanced; and in partially shaded areas, indistinct boundaries lead to mismatched species and uneven growth. Furthermore, poultry house layouts are often arbitrarily arranged based on site conditions, failing to consider the differentiated microclimate (light intensity, temperature gradient, ventilation, and stability) requirements of poultry at different growth stages. Sufficient light and accumulated temperature are needed during the brooding period to ensure survival; moderate activity space and light are needed during the rearing period to stimulate bone development; and a quiet, cool, and low-stress environment is required during the fattening period to improve feed conversion rates. In addition, north-south light zones are often mirror-symmetrical or randomly interspersed, failing to couple the east-west shadow migration patterns and south-north shading attenuation gradients generated by the photovoltaic array itself. This results in low land utilization efficiency, structural redundancy, poor drainage, snow accumulation, and frequent localized shadow overlap problems. These issues collectively lead to low land yield per unit area, insufficient animal welfare during the breeding process, and a lack of data support for planting management, making it difficult to achieve synergistic effects and a sustainable closed loop between photovoltaic power generation, facility-based farming, and ecological planting.

[0020] Based on the aforementioned technical background, this embodiment provides a method for ecological farming that combines agriculture and solar power, including photovoltaic modules, support columns, and poultry houses. The planting area below the photovoltaic modules is divided into a full-sun area, a semi-shaded area, and a full-shaded area according to the average daily light intensity. The average daily light intensity L1 of the full-sun area satisfies 0.75L≤L1≤L, the average daily light intensity L2 of the semi-shaded area satisfies 0.35L≤L2<0.75L, and the average daily light intensity L3 of the full-shaded area satisfies L3<0.35L, where L is the average daily light intensity of the unobstructed open space. The poultry houses are arranged sequentially along the east-west direction of the photovoltaic modules as brooding houses, rearing houses, and fattening houses, with an area ratio of 1:2:1.5. The south side of the poultry houses is arranged from north to south as a semi-shaded area and a full-sun area, and the north side is arranged from south to north as a full-shaded area and a semi-shaded area. The semi-shaded area and the full-shaded area on the north side extend towards the adjacent facilities to form a slope of 3° to 10°.

[0021] Step 1: The planting area under the photovoltaic modules is divided into a full-sun area, a partial-shade area, and a full-shade area according to the average daily light intensity. The average daily light intensity L1 of the full-sun area satisfies 0.75L≤L1≤L, the average daily light intensity L2 of the partial-shade area satisfies 0.35L≤L2<0.75L, and the average daily light intensity L3 of the full-shade area satisfies L3<0.35L, where L is the average daily light intensity of the unshaded open space.

[0022] Among them, "daily average light intensity" refers to the light intensity (unit: μmol·m²) collected hourly during the period from 9:00 to 15:00 each day for a continuous 30-day period. -2 ·s -1The arithmetic mean of the light intensity values ​​is calculated by placing measurement points at a height of 30cm above the ground. Each measurement grid is 2m × 2m in size and uses silicon-based photoelectric sensors (such as the Apogee SQ-500 series) calibrated by the National Institute of Metrology. The value "L" is obtained by simultaneously deploying a control sensor group on bare ground at the same latitude and altitude without any obstructions to ensure that it represents the benchmark light level under the typical clear sky index in the local area. The "full sun zone" corresponds to the area with the richest light resources and is suitable for high light-efficiency forage grasses (such as Napier grass and Mexican corn grass) and drought-resistant forage crops. The "partial shade zone" is a medium light transition zone and is suitable for medium shade-tolerant varieties (such as white clover, orchardgrass, and alfalfa). Its lower limit threshold of 0.35L was determined through field trials. Below this value, the net photosynthetic rate of most shade-tolerant forage grasses decreases by more than 40%, while the upper limit of 0.75L corresponds to the critical point at which high light-efficiency varieties begin to show photoinhibition. "Completely shaded areas" have severely limited light and are mainly used to support shade-loving ground cover plants (such as Hosta and Liriope) or as temporary storage buffer zones for manure and waste, or as equipment maintenance passages. Supplemental LED light strips (wavelength 660nm / 450nm, luminous flux density 50–100 μmol·m²) can also be installed. -2 ·s -1 It is used for supplemental lighting in the brooding house at night; the three-zone system is non-static and allows for ±0.5m-level fine-tuning based on seasonal changes (such as the extended shadow at the winter solstice), component cleaning cycles (soiling causes a decrease in light transmittance of 8%–15%), and cloud dynamics, through a mobile fence system.

[0023] Optional variations include: adjusting the light intensity threshold to L1≥0.8L (strengthening the screening standard for the full sun area) and L2∈[0.4L,0.7L] (narrowing the range of the semi-shaded area to improve the accuracy of breed matching), or using the weighted daily cumulative photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) instead of the daily average light intensity as the basis for zoning, with the weighting coefficient set according to the activity rhythm of poultry (e.g., skewing the brooding option towards the 9:00–11:00 time period).

[0024] Step 2: The poultry houses are arranged in the east-west direction along the photovoltaic modules as brooding houses, rearing houses, and fattening houses, with an area ratio of 1:2:1.5.

[0025] The "arrangement along the east-west direction of the photovoltaic modules" refers to the three types of poultry houses having their long axes parallel to the photovoltaic array and forming a linear sequence on the horizontal projection plane, with 1.2–1.8m wide working passages between each house, and the passage floor paved with non-slip permeable concrete. The "brooding house" is a dedicated space for chicks from hatching to 21 days old, with a base area designed to accommodate 25–30 chicks per square meter, equipped with infrared heat lamps, negative pressure ventilation windows, and an automatic temperature and humidity control system (temperature range 32–28℃, relative humidity 60%–70%). The "growing house" accommodates poultry aged 22–63 days, with an area configured for 12–15 birds per square meter, and is equipped with perches, a sand bath area, and a progressive light program controller (lighting duration gradually decreasing from 16h / d). Up to 10h / d); the "fattening house" is for poultry aged 28-42 days before slaughter, with an area set at 8-10 birds per square meter, emphasizing sound insulation and noise reduction (rock wool filling the wall interlayer, sound insulation ≥45dB) and constant temperature and quiet air (wind speed ≤0.2m / s); the area ratio of the three is 1:2:1.5, which is not a fixed ratio and can be adjusted by ±0.2 parts depending on the breed of poultry (e.g., if the rearing period of laying hens is extended, the area of ​​the rearing house can be increased to 2.5 parts), the single batch stocking volume (for farms with tens of thousands of birds, the ratio can be increased to 1:2.2:1.6), and the span of the photovoltaic array (affecting the length of the shadow projection between the houses); this ratio design creates a functional gradient of "heat source concentration - activity expansion - quiet converging" in the east-west direction of the entire poultry breeding system, forming a spatiotemporal coupling with the morning and evening light and shadow displacement of the photovoltaic array. The front of the brooding house can preferentially capture the high-angle direct sunlight in the morning, while the rear of the fattening house is naturally in the shaded area in the afternoon.

[0026] Step 3: On the south side of the poultry house, a semi-shaded area and a fully sunned area are set up from north to south, and on the north side, a fully shaded area and a semi-shaded area are set up from south to north. The semi-shaded area and the fully shaded area on the north side extend towards the adjacent facilities to form a slope of 3° to 10°.

[0027] Among them, "setting up semi-shaded and fully sunned areas from north to south on the south side" refers to starting from the outer edge of the south wall of the poultry house, first setting up a semi-shaded area with a width of 8-12m (corresponding to the southern edge projection area of ​​the photovoltaic modules), and then extending outwards to a fully sunned area of ​​15-25m (avoiding the main shadow area). The two form a progressive structure of "shading near the house and abundant light in the distance", which facilitates the simultaneous implementation of early adaptive grazing for chicks and high-intensity feeding during the rearing period; "setting up fully shaded and semi-shaded areas from south to north on the north side" refers to starting from the outer edge of the north wall of the poultry house, first setting up a 4-6m fully shaded area (to receive the dense shade on the north side of the modules and the shadow of the structural support columns), and then extending to an 8-12m semi-shaded area (utilizing the diffused and reflected light from the north side). This reverse layout breaks through the conventional symmetrical thinking and actively utilizes the characteristics of more significant light attenuation and more stable shadows on the north side of the photovoltaic array to create a continuously low-temperature and stable microenvironment for the fattening house; "facing the phase "A slope extending 3° to 10° towards adjacent facilities" specifically refers to the elevation of the surface longitudinal section of the fully shaded and semi-shaded areas on the north side, towards adjacent roads, compost sheds, or management buildings, with a slope of 5°±1° and a slope length controlled within the range of 15–30m. The slope structure has three functions: first, it accelerates rain and snow runoff, avoiding water accumulation in the low-lying areas on the north side, which could lead to grass root rot and manure seepage; second, it raises the surface height, reducing the secondary shading of sunlight on the north side by the support column base (actual measurements show that it can increase the light intensity of L3 area by 12%–18%); and third, it guides airflow upwards, weakening the cold air retention effect on the north side, so that the air temperature entering the north window of the fattening shed is 1.5–2.3℃ higher than that on flat ground. The slope surface is covered with soil at a thickness of ≥0.8m, and the bottom layer is laid with HDPE geomembrane (1.5mm thick) and gravel diversion layer (particle size 20–40mm) to ensure long-term structural stability.

[0028] Optional modifications include: changing the slope direction from "towards adjacent facilities" to "towards the main drainage ditch of the site", or increasing the slope to 12° (suitable for hilly areas in the south with an annual rainfall of >1200mm), or embedding shallow buried light guides (150mm in diameter, reflectivity ≥95%) on the slope surface to direct some of the diffuse light from the south to the deep soil in the semi-shaded area on the north side, thereby improving the uniformity of light in the rhizosphere.

[0029] Through the above steps, this invention achieves precise light environment deconstruction and functional reconstruction of spatial resources under photovoltaic arrays: Step 1 establishes a three-level zoning model based on measured daily average light intensity, transforming the originally uncontrollable shadow variables into planable, matchable, and controllable agronomic parameters; Step 2 sets the poultry house type, scale, and spatial sequence according to the physiological rhythms and behavioral needs of poultry, deeply embedding the breeding process into the photovoltaic microclimate field; Step 3 innovatively adopts a composite layout of north-south heterogeneous zoning + north-side directional slope, which not only avoids the waste of light and drainage defects on the north side caused by the traditional symmetrical layout, but also actively optimizes the spatiotemporal distribution of the three elements of light, water, and air through terrain intervention. This solves the core problems in the background technology, such as extensive use of light resources, disconnect between poultry house layout and microclimate, and low land efficiency, achieving a systematic unity of scientific planting, welfare of breeding, and economic efficiency of engineering. The biomass of forage in the sunlit area increased by 23%–31%, the survival rate of breeds in the semi-shaded area increased to over 96.5%, the survival rate of chicks in the brooding house remained stable at 98.2% ± 0.7%, the feed conversion ratio in the fattening house decreased by 0.11–0.15, and the land equivalent ratio (LER) of the whole farm reached 1.83–2.07, which is significantly better than conventional pasture-lighting projects (LER≈1.3–1.5).

[0030] Example 2:

[0031] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides:

[0032] Photovoltaic modules also serve as the roof structure for poultry sheds.

[0033] This technology points to a structural-functional integrated design, where photovoltaic modules are no longer merely independent power generation units mounted above poultry houses, but directly undertake all or most of the functions of the poultry house roof enclosure, including load-bearing, waterproofing, heat insulation, and light transmission control (for some light-transmitting photovoltaic modules), while simultaneously achieving power conversion. Essentially, it integrates the traditional two separate structural systems of "photovoltaic array + poultry house roof" into a single composite building component system, deeply coupling the photovoltaic power generation system with the breeding facilities in terms of physical space, structural logic, and construction process.

[0034] As the roof structure of the poultry house, the photovoltaic modules are installed using rigid or semi-rigid connections to fix them to the main load-bearing frame of the poultry house (such as steel trusses, light steel purlin systems, or concrete ring beams). The connection nodes are structurally calculated to meet the combined bearing requirements of roof dead load, live load, wind load, and snow load in GB 50009—2012 "Code for Design of Building Structures". An elastic sealing gasket (such as EPDM rubber or silicone weather-resistant sealant) is set between the photovoltaic module frame and the roof support system to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction and ensure airtightness and watertightness. The module tilt angle is optimized and set according to the local latitude and the solar altitude angle on the winter solstice, ranging from 15° to 30°, which ensures both annual power generation efficiency and roof drainage slope (≥2%) requirements.

[0035] Photovoltaic modules can be selected from crystalline silicon double-glass modules (such as PERC bifacial double-glass modules), thin-film photovoltaic modules (such as copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) or amorphous silicon a-Si), or new perovskite photovoltaic modules. When bifacial modules are selected, their back side can receive reflected light from inside the poultry house and scattered light from the ground surface of the planting area, thereby increasing the overall power generation per unit area. When transparent photovoltaic modules (such as dot matrix perforated modules, strip transparent modules, or photovoltaic glass with low coverage (15%–40%)) are selected, controllable natural lighting can be provided inside the poultry house while ensuring basic power generation capacity, reducing artificial lighting energy consumption, and improving the uniformity of the light environment inside the house. This light transmittance adjustment can be achieved by replacing module modules with different shading rates, adjusting the module arrangement gaps, or integrating electrochromic films.

[0036] The electrical system of the photovoltaic modules is configured in coordination with the power load of the poultry house: the output of the modules is connected to the string inverter via a DC combiner box, and the AC power after inversion is connected to the poultry house distribution cabinet; the distribution cabinet is equipped with a priority power supply logic module to give priority to the use of photovoltaic power generation for key breeding equipment such as biogas combustion furnace ignition control, ventilation fans, automatic manure scraping system, micro-sprinkler solenoid valve and LED supplemental lighting; surplus power is fed into the grid or stored in the matching lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery pack (LFPbattery) to realize the energy management strategy of "self-generation and self-consumption, surplus power to the grid, and local consumption".

[0037] The various technical features form a hierarchical synergistic relationship: the structural integration of photovoltaic modules (rigid connection + sealed nodes) provides a basic guarantee for the reliability of roof functions; the diversity of module selection (double glass / thin film / transparent type) gives the system the flexibility to adapt to different climatic conditions, light requirements at different stages of breeding, and economic goals; the intelligent scheduling logic of the electrical system deeply binds clean energy production with the energy consumption of breeding processes, making the "roof" not only a physical barrier, but also an energy hub that dynamically responds to the breeding process.

[0038] The above solution achieves the following: By using photovoltaic modules directly as the roof structure of the poultry house, the need for multiple structural layers such as waterproof roof, insulation layer, ceiling, and photovoltaic brackets required in the traditional model is avoided, reducing the amount of steel, concrete, and waterproofing materials used, reducing building material costs by 35%–45%, and construction time by 20%–30%; By eliminating redundant roof structures and compressing vertical space stacking, the overall facility's projected footprint is reduced by 18%–25% compared to a separate layout, increasing the comprehensive output intensity per unit land area; Because the modules and the main frame are integrated for stress distribution, the overall structural rigidity and wind uplift resistance are enhanced, with measured roof displacement under 8-level gusts being more than 60% lower than that of traditional double-layer structures; Due to the coupling design of the heat dissipation channel on the back of the modules with the air circulation path inside the poultry house (such as using negative pressure ventilation inside the house to guide airflow across the back of the modules), the operating temperature of the modules is reduced by 5℃–8℃, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is increased by 3.2%–4.7%, further enhancing the stability of energy output.

[0039] Example 3:

[0040] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides:

[0041] The brooding house, rearing house, and fattening house correspond to the spatial layout of the fully sunny area on the south side and the fully shaded area and semi-shaded area on the north side, respectively.

[0042] Step 1: Spatial layout of the brooding house corresponding to the fully sunlit area on the south side;

[0043] The "brooding house" refers to a specialized poultry house used for centralized rearing, heat and humidity control, vaccination, and early behavioral training of chicks aged 0-4 weeks. Its structure must meet requirements of high airtightness, adjustable ventilation rate (air changes ≥ 15 times / hour), and floor-laying insulation material (such as rice husks or fermented bed substrate). It must also be equipped with infrared heat radiation panels or a floor heating system as an auxiliary heat source. The building orientation of the brooding house strictly follows an east-west axis, with the longer side oriented east-west and the shorter side north-south. The south wall has large-area light-transmitting windows (light transmittance ≥ 85%) or high-light-transmitting polycarbonate panels to maximize the reception of direct solar radiation from the southern sunlit area. The "southern sunlit area" refers to the area located outside the southward projection area of ​​the photovoltaic modules and adjacent to the southern boundary of the poultry house, with an average daily... The light intensity L1 satisfies 0.75L≤L1≤L for continuous planting areas (L is the average daily light intensity of unobstructed open space), with no vertical obstructions on the ground surface, a south-facing viewing angle ≥120°, and a high light transmittance structure on the ground surface (such as a gravel-sand composite layer or microporous light-transmitting concrete slab) to ensure that reflected and scattered light can effectively penetrate to the south window of the brooder house. The spatial correspondence between the two is reflected in the fact that the central axis of the south wall of the brooder house coincides with the northern boundary of the fully sunlit area on the south side, and the projection of the south-facing lighting surface of the brooder house covers a 1.2–1.8m wide band on the northern edge of the fully sunlit area. This allows the solar radiation absorbed by the ground surface of the fully sunlit area to form a stable hot airflow after the ground surface is heated, which is naturally introduced into the air inlet at the bottom of the brooder house from south to north, realizing passive thermal energy coupling. Optional variations of this correspondence include: raising the entire brooding house by 0.6–1.2m to form an elevated layer, allowing surface hot air from the south-facing sunny area to directly enter the house's fresh air system via the elevated passage; or installing polycarbonate honeycomb panels on the outside of the south wall of the brooding house as a secondary heat collection cavity to enhance heat capture efficiency.

[0044] Step Two: Spatial layout of the fattening shed corresponding to the fully shaded area on the north side;

[0045] Among them, "fattening sheds" refer to specialized poultry houses used for intensive fattening, quiet weight gain, and stress reduction of poultry aged 12 weeks and above. Their structure emphasizes low light intensity (illuminance ≤ 50 lux), high humidity stability (relative humidity 65%–75%), low noise (≤ 45 dB(A)), and good thermal insulation performance (roof heat transfer coefficient K ≤ 0.45 W / (m²)). 2•K); The fattening shed is also arranged in an east-west direction, but is located at the northernmost unit of the poultry shed; "Northern shaded area" refers to the planting area located within the northward projection area of ​​the photovoltaic modules, where the average daily light intensity L3 meets L3<0.35L, the photovoltaic modules above it have a tilt angle ≥25°, and the height of the support columns on the north side is 0.8–1.5m higher than that on the south side. Combined with the 3°–10° slope terrain (slope direction facing north) extending from the north to the adjacent facilities, the thickness of the soil cover layer on the slope surface increases from south to north to 0.4–0.6m, and deep-rooted shade-tolerant plants (such as hosta and saxifrage) are planted to enhance the shading and transpiration cooling effect; The spatial correspondence between the two is reflected as follows: The north wall of the fattening shed is 0.3–0.5m away from the southern boundary of the fully shaded area on the north side, forming a shallow concave buffer zone. The low temperature and high humidity microclimate of the fully shaded area continuously permeates into the air intake corridor on the north side of the fattening shed through this buffer zone, reducing the fluctuation range of the ambient temperature inside the shed. Optional variations of this relationship include: adding a double-layer hollow shading grid (grid inclination angle 15°–20°, material is aluminum alloy with an alumina coating) to the outside of the north wall of the fattening shed to form a multi-level shading system in conjunction with the vegetation in the fully shaded area; or burying PE-Xa geothermal pipes underground in the fully shaded area to pre-cool the fresh air entering the fattening shed using the soil constant temperature layer (annual temperature of 14–16℃ at a depth of 1.5m).

[0046] Step 3: Spatial layout of the incubator corresponding to the semi-shaded area on the north side;

[0047] The "growing house" refers to a specialized poultry house used for the transitional feeding, skeletal and muscular development, and group adaptation training of poultry aged 5–11 weeks. Its environmental parameters fall between those of the brooding house and the fattening house: illuminance requirement of 80–150 lux, temperature control range of 18–24℃, and ventilation rate of 8–12 times / hour. This growing house is located between the brooding house and the fattening house, forming the middle unit in a three-section continuous layout. The "north-side semi-shaded area" refers to a planting area located south of the north-side fully shaded area, adjacent to the north boundary of the growing house, where the average daily light intensity L2 meets the requirement of 0.35L≤L2<0.75L. The photovoltaic modules above this area use adjustable tilt brackets (adjustment range 12°–22°), and a light scattering layer (composed of white ceramic microspheres with a particle size of 0.3–0.8 mm mixed with epoxy resin at a mass ratio of 3:1 and cured, with a surface roughness Ra=12–18μm) is laid on the surface to... After diffuse reflection, the incident light is uniformly projected onto the north window of the rearing house. The spatial correspondence between the two is as follows: the north wall of the rearing house is equipped with an operable louver (adjustable opening range 0–90°), the lower edge of which is level with the ground surface of the semi-shaded area on the north side. The reflected light from the light scattering layer is introduced into the house through the louver, forming a dynamic light environment (daytime light intensity gradient change rate ≤15 lux / min), which meets the visual development and rhythm regulation needs of poultry. Optional variations of this correspondence include: installing an intelligent light-modulating film (electrochromic type, response time <3s, visible light transmittance adjustment range 10%–80%) on the inner side of the north wall of the rearing house, which is linked with the light sensor in the semi-shaded area to achieve closed-loop control of the light environment; or integrating a flexible LED supplementary lighting strip (peak wavelength 660nm+450nm, photosynthetic photon flux density PPFD=50–120μmol / (m²)) below the light scattering layer on the surface of the semi-shaded area. 2 ·s)) automatically starts on consecutive rainy days to maintain the basic photobiological effect of the incubator.

[0048] Through the above steps, this invention achieves precise spatial matching between the brooding house, rearing house, and fattening house and the differentiated lighting zones under the photovoltaic array: Because the brooding house corresponds to the fully sunny area on the south side, it obtains surface heat feedback and passive heating driven by high-intensity solar radiation, significantly reducing artificial heating energy consumption (measured energy saving rate ≥32%); because the fattening house corresponds to the fully shaded area on the north side, it relies on high shading rate and soil cold source to form a natural low-temperature microenvironment, inhibiting the increase in cortisol caused by high-temperature stress and improving feed conversion rate (FCR improvement of 0.11–0.15); because the rearing house corresponds to the semi-shaded area on the north side, it utilizes the light scattering layer and adjustable louvers to collaboratively construct a dynamically adapted light environment, promoting the development of retinal photoreceptor cells and circadian rhythm synchronization in poultry, and reducing the incidence of pecking (reduction of 41%–53%); the spatial layout ratio of the three (1:2:1.5) further ensures the rationality of the flock density gradient at each stage (brooding house ≤25 birds / m²). 2 ≤15 birds / m² 2 Fattening shed ≤ 10 birds / m²2 This enables the breeding process to be continuous and the environmental control to be refined, ultimately solving the problems of energy waste, lack of animal welfare and fluctuations in production efficiency caused by the insufficient response to the different environmental conditions such as light and temperature required by poultry at different growth stages in the background technology.

[0049] Example 4:

[0050] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides:

[0051] The poultry house is equipped with a manure collection device consisting of a wire mesh bed and a manure scraper at the bottom. The collected manure is transported to an underground fermentation tank on the northwest side of the planting area. The biogas produced by fermentation is transported through pipelines to the biogas burner in the poultry house. The fermentation residue is reused for soil improvement in the planting area.

[0052] Step 1: The bottom of the poultry house is equipped with a manure collection device consisting of a wire mesh bed and a manure scraper;

[0053] The "net bed" is a load-bearing metal mesh structure laid 0.8–1.2m above the poultry house floor. The mesh size ranges from 2.5cm×2.5cm to 4cm×4cm, and it is woven from 304 stainless steel or hot-dip galvanized steel wire. The surface is passivated to enhance corrosion resistance and resistance to manure and urine erosion. Ventilation gaps are formed beneath the net bed to facilitate natural drying of manure and separation of urine. This structure physically isolates the poultry activity area from the temporary manure storage space, achieving preliminary solid-liquid separation; solid manure remains on the mesh surface, while urine and flushing water fall vertically through the mesh into the collection trough below. In an optional embodiment, the net bed can be replaced with a modular polymer composite mesh panel (such as polypropylene + glass fiber reinforced type), which has the same load-bearing strength (≥2.5kN / m²). 2 With superior heat insulation performance, it is suitable for the winter brooding stage in cold regions, reducing heat loss inside the shed.

[0054] The "manure scraper" is a reciprocating automatic manure removal mechanism arranged longitudinally (east-west) along the poultry house, including a drive motor, transmission chain, scraper body, and guide rail system. The scraper body has an L-shaped cross-section, with the distance between the front blade and the bottom surface of the mesh bed controlled at 3-5mm. It is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE), which has a low coefficient of friction and strong wear resistance. The drive motor is a variable frequency speed-regulating geared motor (power 0.75-1.5kW), which is started and stopped by a PLC controller according to a preset cycle (2-4 times per day, each run for 60-120s) to ensure that dry manure is pushed to the manure collection port at the end of the house in a timely manner. In an optional embodiment, the manure scraper adopts a pneumatic flexible scraper structure: using a silicone-aramid composite film as the scraper body, it is periodically expanded and contracted to detach from the bottom surface of the mesh bed by compressed air pulse drive, which is suitable for the noise-sensitive brooding house environment and significantly reduces mechanical vibration and noise interference (≤55dB(A)).

[0055] The mesh bed and scraper plate work together to form an integrated pretreatment unit for manure and sewage that combines dynamic separation and directional transport: the mesh bed provides spatial separation and gravity dehydration, while the scraper plate gives the system active cleaning capabilities; together, the two reduce the moisture content of manure and sewage from the initial 75-85% to 60-65%, significantly improving the efficiency of subsequent anaerobic fermentation and avoiding the problems of increased sewage volume and ammonia nitrogen volatilization caused by traditional water flushing manure cleaning mode.

[0056] Step 2: The collected manure is transported to an underground fermentation tank on the northwest side of the planting area;

[0057] The "collected manure" specifically refers to semi-dry manure material that has undergone preliminary dehydration on the mesh bed and is then concentrated and pushed into the manure collection trough by scrapers. Its solids content is consistently between 30% and 40%, its pH value is between 6.8 and 7.4, and its temperature is maintained between 25% and 32℃. The conveying method employs a closed screw conveyor or a pneumatic vacuum suction system. The conveying pipeline is entirely buried, with a diameter of DN150–DN200, and its inner wall is coated with an epoxy resin anti-corrosion layer. The inclination angle is controlled at 8°–12° to ensure smooth gravity flow. The final destination is the "underground fermentation tank on the northwest side outside the planting area." This fermentation tank is a fully buried reinforced concrete structure, with its volume configured according to the scale of the breeding operation (e.g., an effective volume ≥30m³ for 5000 broilers). 3 The fermentation tank is topped with a soil layer ≥1.2m thick and covered with turf, providing insulation, noise reduction, and ecological integration. The tank interior features a double-layer stirring paddle (upper layer: slow axial flow, 12–18 r / min; lower layer: high-speed turbine, 45–60 r / min), equipped with a temperature sensor (Pt100), pH electrode, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) probe for online monitoring of multiple parameters during fermentation. Alternatively, the underground fermentation tank can be replaced with a buried flexible anaerobic fermentation bag (made of multi-layer co-extruded HDPE / ETFE composite film), which offers quick installation, reduces costs by over 30%, and provides excellent gas barrier properties (CH4 permeability ≤0.5 g / m³). 2 •d) Applicable to areas with limited land resources or complex geological conditions.

[0058] The layout places the fermentation tank on the northwest side outside the planting area, which is based on a comprehensive optimization of the local prevailing wind direction (such as the NW wind that prevails in North China all year round) and the solar azimuth angle: on the one hand, it avoids the spread of fermentation odors to the planting operation area and personnel activity area with the prevailing wind direction; on the other hand, it takes advantage of the relatively short sunshine hours and lower surface temperature in the northwest to suppress the release of methane and the imbalance of microbial community caused by overheating of the tank in summer, and ensure the stability of anaerobic digestion.

[0059] Step 3: The biogas produced by fermentation is piped to the biogas burner in the poultry house;

[0060] The biogas produced by fermentation mainly consists of methane (CH4, volume fraction 55–65%), carbon dioxide (CO2, 30–40%), a small amount of hydrogen sulfide (H2S, <100ppm), and water vapor. After wet desulfurization (FeCl3 catalytic oxidation) and condensation dehumidification in the pool, the biogas enters a pressure-stabilizing buffer tank (working pressure 0.8–1.2kPa), and is then transported to the poultry house through a low-pressure stainless steel corrugated hose (DN50, working pressure ≤3kPa). The biogas combustion furnace is an atmospheric pressure direct-fired infrared radiation furnace with a rated thermal power of 30–60kW, and has a built-in ceramic honeycomb infrared radiation panel and intelligent ignition control system. The furnace body integrates an O2 concentration monitoring and automatic flameout protection module, which automatically cuts off the gas supply and alarms when the O2 concentration in the house is lower than 19.5 vol%. The combustion products are led to the outside of the house for high-altitude emission (≥3m) through a dedicated flue pipe, and the NO in the flue gas is... x SO2 emission concentrations are respectively below 150 mg / Nm³ 3 With 50mg / Nm 3 It meets the requirements of the "Emission Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding Industry" (GB 18596-2001). In an optional implementation, the biogas combustion furnace is replaced with a biogas-driven heat pump heating unit: the waste heat of the biogas internal combustion engine drives the absorption heat pump to achieve "power generation + heating" dual supply, and the heat energy utilization efficiency is increased to more than 85%, which is suitable for brooding houses and rearing houses that require constant temperature control throughout the year.

[0061] Step 4: Fermentation residue is reused for soil improvement in the planting area.

[0062] "Fermentation residue" refers to the biogas residue obtained after solid-liquid separation (using a belt filter press or screw press dewatering machine, with a sludge moisture content ≤75%) following anaerobic fermentation. Its organic matter content is ≥45%, total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) ≥5%, humic acid content ≥20g / kg, coliform count ≤100 CFU / g, and ascarid egg mortality rate ≥95%, meeting the quality requirements for Grade I biogas residue in the "Technical Specifications for Biogas Fertilizer Application" (NY / T 2065-2011). "Reuse for soil improvement in planting areas" refers to applying biogas residue at a rate of 1.5–3.0 t / hm². 2For application, the fertilizer is evenly spread on the surface of fully sun-exposed, semi-shaded, and fully shaded areas using a fertilizer spreader, followed by rotary tillage into the soil (15–20 cm deep) to replenish organic matter, rebuild aggregate structure, and enhance cation exchange capacity (CEC). Differentiated application is applied according to different light zones: in fully sun-exposed areas, the focus is on improving water and fertilizer retention capacity, so 0.5%–1.0% biochar (particle size 2–5 mm) is added to the biogas residue; in semi-shaded areas, the focus is on improving aeration and inhibiting pathogens, so 10%–15% Trichoderma spp. solid-state fermentation agent is mixed into the biogas residue; in fully shaded areas, the focus is on adjusting pH and promoting humification, so 0.3%–0.6% limestone powder (CaCO3 content ≥90%) is added to the biogas residue. In an optional embodiment, the fermentation residue is subjected to aerobic composting and secondary fermentation (maintained at 55–65℃ for 5–7 days during the warming period) to produce granular organic substrate, which is used for covering pasture seedbeds in sunny areas or as a substrate for raising shade-tolerant grass seeds in semi-shaded areas, further expanding the resource utilization pathway.

[0063] Through the above-described steps, this invention achieves a closed-loop system for reducing poultry manure at the source, closed-loop transportation, efficient anaerobic conversion, and multi-path resource recycling: the combination of the mesh bed and scraper plate reconstructs the manure generation-collection interface from a physical structure perspective, significantly reducing the ammonia concentration in the shed (by more than 60% compared to the traditional water-flushing manure model) and improving animal welfare; the underground fermentation tank, based on its northwest geographical location and buried structural design, ensures harmless treatment efficiency while minimizing the environmental impact of the facility; the biogas combustion furnace will dispose of waste The material is converted into a controllable heat source, replacing diesel or electric heating, saving approximately 12,000–18,000 yuan in annual operating costs per brooding house. Customized application of fermentation residue to the fields based on the characteristics of different light zones overcomes the limitations of traditional "one-size-fits-all" organic fertilizer application, allowing soil improvement measures to precisely match the micro-ecological environment needs of each planting area. After three years of continuous application, the organic matter content of the topsoil in fully sun-exposed areas increased by 2.1–2.8 g / kg, pasture biomass in semi-shaded areas increased by 18–25%, and ground cover vegetation coverage in fully shaded areas reached over 92%. This technological approach systematically addresses the practical problems of difficult manure treatment, high environmental pollution risks, and low recycling efficiency caused by the fragmentation of planting and animal husbandry resources in large-scale farming, providing a quantifiable, replicable, and sustainable technological paradigm for ecological farming in a pastoral-solar complementary scenario.

[0064] Example 5:

[0065] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides:

[0066] The semi-shaded area is divided into multiple sub-areas, each with different shade-tolerant forage varieties. The boundaries of the semi-shaded area are monitored by light sensors and the position of the planting area fence is dynamically adjusted.

[0067] The “semi-shaded area” refers to the planting area under photovoltaic modules where the average daily light intensity L2 satisfies 0.35L≤L2<0.75L. Its spatial range is affected by the tilt angle of the photovoltaic array, row spacing, support height, local latitude, and seasonal solar altitude angle. This area is not a fixed geometric area, but a light environment gradient zone that changes dynamically over time. To achieve precise adaptation to this dynamic light domain, this embodiment divides the semi-shaded area into at least three continuous but physically isolated sub-regions along the east-west or north-south direction, such as the first sub-region (near the fully sunlit area), the second sub-region (the central transition zone), and the third sub-region (near the fully shaded area). Each sub-region is separated by a movable planting area mesh fence. The mesh fence is constructed of a lightweight aluminum alloy frame and a high-strength polyethylene (PE) woven mesh with a mesh size of 2cm × 2cm and an overall height of 0.8m to 1.2m. A shallow groove slide rail system is embedded at the bottom, and the slide rail is laid along the direction of the photovoltaic support foundation, allowing the fence to be adjusted within a range of ±1.5m in the horizontal plane along the preset guide rail direction. The fence driving method includes three selectable modes: electric push rod drive, stepper motor + synchronous belt drive, or pneumatic telescopic cylinder drive. Among them, the electric push rod drive uses a DC reduction push rod with a rated thrust ≥200N, a stroke accuracy of ±2mm, a response time ≤3s, and a power-off self-locking function.

[0068] The phrase "selecting different shade-tolerant forage varieties for each sub-region" refers to differentiated configuration based on the physiological response characteristics of forage to light compensation point, light saturation point, and chlorophyll a / b ratio under low light conditions: The first sub-region (relatively strong light, L2≈0.65L~0.74L) is configured with moderately shade-tolerant varieties, such as orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.); the second sub-region (L2≈0.45L~0.64L) is configured with highly shade-tolerant varieties, such as white clover (Trifolium repens L.) or shade-tolerant lines of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.); and the third sub-region (L2≈0.35L~0.44L) is configured with extremely shade-tolerant varieties, such as creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) or some Carex species. (spp.) Native varieties; all forage varieties were planted using tray seedling raising followed by mechanical transplanting. Plant spacing was set at 15cm×20cm to 30cm×40cm depending on the variety's canopy width. Before transplanting, a slow-release organic substrate (containing 30% well-rotted cow manure, 20% biochar, and 50% vermiculite, with a total porosity ≥65%) was applied to the surface of each sub-area to enhance the stability of the rhizosphere micro-oxygen environment under low light conditions. As an optional embodiment, a mixed sowing model can also be used; 2-3 shade-tolerant varieties with complementary spectral absorption characteristics (e.g., white clover + orchardgrass + fescue) are mixed in the same sub-area in proportion to regulate the canopy structure through interspecific light competition, thereby improving the light interception efficiency per unit area.

[0069] The phrase "monitoring and dynamically adjusting the planting area fence position via light sensors at the boundary of the semi-shaded area" refers to deploying two rows of distributed light sensor arrays along the outer boundary line of the semi-shaded area (i.e., the ground projection lines corresponding to the theoretical light thresholds L2 = 0.35L and L2 = 0.75L): the northern boundary array is deployed along the boundary line between the fully shaded and semi-shaded areas, and the southern boundary array is deployed along the boundary line between the semi-shaded and fully sunlit areas; each row of arrays contains no fewer than 5 light sensor units, with a spacing of ≤3m between adjacent units. The sensors are silicon photodiode type digital light sensors (e.g., model TSL2561, measurement range 0.1–40,000 lux, accuracy ±5%). 2The sensor has a C-type communication interface and is installed 0.3m above the ground with the probe facing upwards. It is equipped with a rainproof and sunshade cover and a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating. The sensor data is connected to the local edge computing node (equipped with ARM) via an RS485 bus. The node incorporates a dynamic illuminance partitioning algorithm based on a Cortex-A53 processor and LiteOS real-time operating system. It collects full array data every 15 minutes, calculates the average illuminance value within a sliding window (7 consecutive sampling points), and uses 0.35L and 0.75L as dual thresholds for area classification. When more than 60% of the sensor measurements deviate from the corresponding threshold ±8% in three consecutive samplings of a boundary line, a fence position calibration command is triggered. The command is sent to each fence drive unit via the CAN bus, driving the fence to move along the slide rail as a whole. The displacement Δd = k × |L2,meas - L2,ref|, where k is the displacement coefficient (value 0.15m / (1000lux)), L2,meas is the weighted average illuminance measured at the boundary line, and L2,ref is the corresponding threshold illuminance. The displacement process uses an S-shaped acceleration / deceleration curve control to avoid mechanical impact. As an optional embodiment, the light sensor can also be replaced with a multispectral sensor (such as ASDFieldSpec4) with an integrated spectrometer module to simultaneously acquire the flux density of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm), thereby enabling zoned regulation based on the actual photosynthetic needs of the plant rather than simply the illuminance value.

[0070] The aforementioned technical features work synergistically: the sliding rail movable fence serves as the physical execution carrier, providing spatial reconfiguration capabilities; the distributed light sensor array acts as the sensing input, providing high spatiotemporal resolution environmental parameters; the edge computing node serves as the decision-making center, realizing closed-loop control from threshold criterion to deviation quantification, displacement calculation, and command issuance; and the differentiated forage variety configuration constitutes the biological response terminal, ensuring that vegetation in the newly defined sub-area remains in its physiologically optimal photonic niche after fence displacement. These three elements form a complete feedback chain of "perception—decision—execution—response."

[0071] Through the above scheme, the present invention achieves: adaptive migration of the physical boundary of the semi-shaded area driven by real-time light data, ensuring that each sub-region remains within the preset shade tolerance gradient range; by dividing multiple sub-regions and configuring forage varieties with significant differences in light adaptability, the entire semi-shaded area forms a composite vegetation community with complementary vertical light niches; through the coupling effect of continuous monitoring by light sensors and dynamic adjustment of the fence, it effectively addresses external disturbances such as changes in solar azimuth angle during dawn and dusk, instantaneous cloud cover, and fluctuations in local light transmittance caused by dust accumulation or cleaning and maintenance on the surface of photovoltaic modules; thus solving the problems in the background technology caused by light fluctuations due to weather changes, seasonal changes, and equipment maintenance, resulting in uneven forage growth, variety degradation, a sharp drop in forage yield, and blind planting management, significantly extending the effective growth period of high-quality forage, and improving the stability and predictability of annual dry matter yield per unit area.

[0072] Example 6:

[0073] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides:

[0074] A flow channel made of flexible shading material with adjustable light transmittance is provided between the semi-shaded area and the poultry house, and a light scattering layer is provided on the surface of the semi-shaded area.

[0075] The semi-shaded area refers to the planting area directly beneath photovoltaic modules where the average daily light intensity L2 satisfies 0.35L ≤ L2 < 0.75L. Spatially, it is located in the second section of the sequence from north to south on the south side of the poultry shed, or the first section of the sequence from south to north on the north side. The light intensity in this area falls between that of the fully sunned and fully shaded areas, exhibiting significant dynamic fluctuations. Affected by diurnal variations in solar altitude angle, seasonal changes, module tilt adjustments, and the degree of surface contamination, the measured light intensity can fluctuate within the range of 0.42L to 0.73L. To ensure the stability of forage growth, the semi-shaded area serves as the core response unit for active regulation of the light environment, rather than a passive adaptation zone.

[0076] The poultry house is a complex of breeding buildings consisting of brooding houses, rearing houses, and fattening houses arranged in an east-west direction. Its roof structure is integrated with photovoltaic modules (see Specific Implementation Method 2). The walls are made of heat-insulating composite panels. The bottom of the south wall is equipped with an openable ventilation window, and the north wall has a reserved interface for the installation of the flow channel near the ground. The poultry house has a rectangular plan layout, with the long side extending east-west and the short side extending north-south. Its southern outer edge connects with the northern boundary of the semi-shaded area, and its northern outer edge connects with the southern boundary of the semi-shaded area, forming a transition zone with a width of 1.2 to 2.5 meters. This transition zone is the physical installation space for the flow channel.

[0077] The airflow channel is a linear functional structure located between the semi-shaded area and the poultry house. Its main body is composed of a flexible shading material with adjustable light transmittance. This flexible shading material has a multi-layer composite film structure, consisting of, from top to bottom: a top layer of UV-resistant polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) coating, a middle layer of embedded electrochromic microcapsule array (containing WO3 / TiO2 nano-heterojunctions), and a bottom layer of high-toughness polyester (PET) base film. Under DC voltage control of 0–3.5V, the visible light transmittance of this material can be continuously and steplessly adjusted within the range of 15%–85%, with a response time ≤8s and a cycle durability ≥10. 5 The overall flow channel is arranged in an arc or zigzag shape, extending horizontally along the south / north facade of the poultry house. Its length matches the corresponding section of the poultry house, and its height is 1.8–2.6m. The lower edge is 0.3–0.5m from the ground, and the upper edge is level with or slightly lower than the eaves of the poultry house by 0.1–0.2m. Its function is not only to provide shade, but also to redirect oblique sunlight reflected from the top edge of the poultry house and the south / north sides of the photovoltaic modules through the synergy of its curved shape and material optical properties, guiding it to the lower part of the canopy in the semi-shaded area. As an optional embodiment, the flow channel can also be replaced by a pneumatic flexible louver structure: composed of a silicone-based flexible blade array, a micro-pump drive module, and a pressure feedback sensor. By adjusting the air pressure inside the cavity, the opening angle of the blades (0°–75°) is controlled, achieving graded adjustment of light transmittance from 30% to 90%, suitable for environments with special requirements for electromagnetic compatibility.

[0078] The light scattering layer, 3–8 cm thick, is laid on the surface of the semi-shaded area and consists of three functional layers stacked from bottom to top: the bottom layer is a lightweight ceramic granule pad (5–12 mm in diameter) with a porosity of 45%–55%, serving as a drainage and support layer; the middle layer is a modified silica sol-epoxy resin composite coating doped with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (0.8%–1.5% by mass), which forms a micron-scale uneven surface after curing; the top layer is a uniformly distributed layer of spherical hollow glass microspheres (refractive index n = 1.92 ± 0.03) with a particle size of 0.1–0.5 mm and an areal density of 180–260 g / m³. 2This combined structure can attenuate the specular reflection component of incident direct light by more than 62%, while increasing the scattered light flux to 1.3 to 1.7 times that of the original incident light. Furthermore, the proportion of effective photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the scattered light with wavelengths of 400–500 nm (blue light) and 600–700 nm (red light) is increased by 11% and 9%, respectively, significantly improving the spectral matching degree and light energy capture efficiency of the lower leaves of the forage canopy. As an alternative embodiment, the light scattering layer can also be replaced with a bio-based light scattering film: using cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as the framework, loading quantum dot-modified carbon nitride (g-C3N4 / QDs) light conversion particles, and hot-pressing them into a 5mm thick semi-transparent flexible film. Under 365nm ultraviolet excitation, it can emit dual-band fluorescence with peak values ​​at 450nm and 660nm, directly supplementing the photosynthetically active radiation in the low-light area of ​​the canopy, and is particularly suitable for the light compensation point requirements of semi-shade forage grasses such as orchardgrass and white clover.

[0079] The aforementioned guiding channel and light scattering layer constitute a light environment collaborative regulation subsystem: the guiding channel, as the "front-end optical path regulator," is responsible for optimizing the macroscopic light input and incident direction; the light scattering layer, as the "end-end optical quality reconstructor," is responsible for the microscopic visual field redistribution and spectral gain; the two are spatially connected (the output beam of the guiding channel is directly projected onto the surface of the light scattering layer), and functionally progressive (first controlling the total amount, then optimizing the quality), jointly addressing the complex light environment defects in the semi-shaded area caused by photovoltaic array shading, such as steep illumination gradient, low scattering ratio, and insufficient canopy transmittance.

[0080] Through the above scheme, this invention achieves the following: By setting up a flexible shading material channel with adjustable light transmittance between the semi-shaded area and the poultry house, the light flux entering the semi-shaded area can be automatically adjusted according to the real-time light intensity. During periods of strong sunlight on sunny days, the light transmittance is reduced to 20%–35%, avoiding photoinhibition and leaf burn in light-sensitive forages such as alfalfa; during cloudy days or periods of weak light at dawn and dusk, the light transmittance is increased to 65%–85%, ensuring basic photosynthetic needs; and due to the arc / zigzag structure of the channel and the anisotropic optical properties of the material, the high-illuminance patches originally concentrated on the northern side of the semi-shaded area near the poultry house are redirected to the southern side far from the poultry house and the lower part of the canopy, reducing the standard deviation of illuminance in the semi-shaded area from 860 lx before adjustment to below 290 lx, thus improving the spatial uniformity index. The ratio (min / max) was increased from 0.31 to 0.68. Furthermore, the light scattering layer on the surface of the semi-shaded area reduced the ineffective reflection loss of incident light by 42% and regulated the ratio of red to blue light in the effective scattered light to meet the CIE standard photosynthetic photon flux ratio (PPFR:PPFB≈2.3:1). This resulted in a 27.4% increase in the net photosynthetic rate of orchardgrass under L2=0.48L conditions compared to the control group, with the chlorophyll a / b ratio remaining stable at 2.85±0.12, effectively alleviating the problems of excessive growth and lodging caused by weak light stress. Finally, through the spatiotemporal coupling regulation of the flow channel and the light scattering layer, the technical problems of uneven light distribution and local excessive or insufficient light intensity affecting plant growth in the semi-shaded area were solved in the background technology. This improved the stability of forage biomass production and the flexibility of variety adaptation, supporting the continuous and efficient operation of the forage-photosynthetic system throughout the year under complex weather conditions.

[0081] Example 7:

[0082] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides:

[0083] The semi-shaded area is equipped with a micro-sprinkler irrigation system, which is connected to the manure collection device at the bottom of the poultry house through a liquid fertilizer delivery pipeline.

[0084] Step 1: Install a micro-sprinkler irrigation system in the semi-shaded area;

[0085] The semi-shaded area refers to the region where the average daily light intensity L2 satisfies 0.35L≤L2<0.75L. Spatially, it is located in the second zone from north to south on the south side of the poultry house (adjacent to the southern boundary of the fully sunned area), and the second zone from south to north on the north side (adjacent to the southern boundary of the fully shaded area). The surface of this area is covered with a light-scattering layer (such as a layer of white reflective gravel incorporating titanium dioxide particles or a polymer composite film sprayed with a diffuse reflection coating) to improve the spatial uniformity and diffuse ratio of incident light, reducing the risk of localized burns caused by direct sunlight. The micro-sprinkler irrigation system consists of corrosion-resistant PE main pipes, stainless steel branch pipes, and... It consists of an adjustable-angle rotary micro-sprinkler (spray radius 0.8–1.5m, working pressure 0.15–0.3MPa) and an intelligent solenoid valve array. The sprinklers are arranged in a zigzag pattern along the east-west direction with a spacing of 1.2–2.0m to ensure coverage without dead angles. The micro-sprinkler adopts a low-pressure atomization design, with the droplet diameter controlled within the range of 100–300μm, taking into account both air humidification and leaf surface wetting functions. It is particularly suitable for the synergistic needs of semi-shaded pasture grasses for high relative humidity (65%–85%) and continuous surface moisture (soil moisture content maintained at 60%–75% of field capacity). In an optional embodiment, the micro-sprinkler irrigation system can be replaced with a drip-arrow micro-irrigation system with pressure compensation function. The drip arrows are inserted 5-8 cm deep into the root zone of the forage grass, directly supplying water to the fibrous root zone of shade-tolerant forage grasses (such as orchardgrass and alfalfa mixed sowing strips). This system is suitable for sites with high soil permeability or high wind speed. Alternatively, ultrasonic atomizing nozzles can be used instead of rotating micro-sprinklers. These nozzles are activated during the morning and evening hours to generate cold mist with a particle size of <50 μm, thereby enhancing the humidity buffering capacity of the microclimate in semi-shaded areas.

[0086] The structural configuration and operating parameters of the micro-sprinkler irrigation system are dynamically matched with the transpiration characteristics of the forage grasses planted in the semi-shade area: when the semi-shade area is planted with moderately shade-tolerant varieties (such as white clover, with a light saturation point of approximately 800 μmol·m⁻¹), the system is designed to be suitable for the transpiration characteristics of the forage grasses. -2 ·s -1 When spraying, the system is set to spray twice a day, with each spray lasting 8–12 minutes; when using highly shade-tolerant varieties (such as Festuca spp., with a light saturation point ≤400 μmol·m), the system is set to spray twice a day, with each spray lasting 8–12 minutes. -2 ·s -1 When the light intensity drops to the lower limit of the L2 threshold (0.35L) and the relative humidity is below 65%, spraying is automatically triggered; when the light intensity rises back to the upper limit of L2 (0.75L) and the humidity is ≥78%, operation is suspended.

[0087] Step 2: The micro-sprinkler irrigation system is connected to the manure collection device at the bottom of the poultry house through a liquid fertilizer delivery pipeline;

[0088] The liquid fertilizer delivery pipeline is an HDPE double-wall corrugated pipe lined with EPDM rubber, with a nominal diameter of DN50 and a pressure rating of 1.0MPa. It is buried underground at a depth of 0.8–1.2m with a slope of i = 0.3%–0.5% to ensure smooth gravity flow. The inner wall of the pipeline is coated with a nano-silica hydrophobic coating to inhibit the adhesion of organic matter and the formation of biofilm. Its inlet end is connected to the liquid phase outlet of the manure collection device at the bottom of the poultry house via a three-way valve. This outlet is located at the end of the collection tank below the manure scraper and is connected after two-stage sand settling and coarse filtration (pore size 1.5mm). The outlet end is connected to the front end of the main pipeline of the micro-sprinkler irrigation system and is equipped with a pulse metering pump (flow accuracy ±2%) and an online pH / EC sensor (monitoring the liquid fertilizer pH 6.2–7.0 and conductivity 1.8–2.5mS / cm) to achieve closed-loop control of liquid fertilizer concentration. In an optional embodiment, the liquid fertilizer delivery pipeline can be replaced with a positive pressure delivery system driven by a pneumatic diaphragm pump, which is suitable for sites with large terrain undulations and where natural slope cannot be met; alternatively, a magnetically coupled shaftless screw pump can be used to directly extract the supernatant after preliminary solid-liquid separation from the liquid phase zone of the fermentation tank, avoiding the risk of pipeline blockage.

[0089] The manure collection system at the bottom of the poultry house consists of a wire mesh bed (woven from 304 stainless steel wire, with a mesh size of 25mm×25mm and a height of 1.2m from the ground), an inclined scraper (PTFE-coated aluminum alloy plate, with an inclination angle of 12° and a travel speed of 0.08m / s), and a bottom collection tank (concrete lined with fiberglass, with a volume ≥ 1.8 times the daily manure production). The scraper operates periodically (3–5 times daily), pushing the manure mixture falling from the wire mesh bed into the collection tank. After settling and stratification, the upper liquid phase (containing dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and small molecule organic acids) overflows into the liquid fertilizer delivery pipeline, while the lower solid phase is transported by a screw conveyor to the solid phase inlet of the fermentation tank. This design ensures the availability of nutrients in the liquid phase (especially water-soluble ammonium nitrogen NH4). + -N and dihydrogen phosphate H2PO4 - With a high retention rate of ≥92%, nitrogen volatilization loss is avoided in traditional dry manure cleaning methods.

[0090] There is a clear functional coupling relationship between the two technical features mentioned above: the micro-sprinkler irrigation system is not only an irrigation execution unit, but also a carrier for the precise spatiotemporal delivery of liquid fertilizer nutrients; the liquid fertilizer delivery pipeline constitutes a material flow channel connecting the waste at the breeding end and the nutrient demand at the planting end, and the temperature of the liquid fertilizer delivered is stable at 22-28℃ (close to the ambient temperature of the semi-shaded area), avoiding the impact of low-temperature liquid fertilizer on the grass roots; at the same time, the humic acid substances contained in the liquid fertilizer work synergistically with the micro-sprinkler droplets to form a water-retaining film on the leaf surface, further extending the water use efficiency in the semi-shaded area.

[0091] Through the above-described steps, this invention achieves the following: By setting up a micro-sprinkler irrigation system with atomization control and humidity response capabilities in the semi-shaded area, it solves the technical problems in the background technology where irrigation in the semi-shaded area relies on manual experience and is prone to causing local over-wetting and root rot or edge drought and chlorosis; By directly introducing the liquid phase components of the poultry manure collection device into the micro-sprinkler irrigation system through a dedicated liquid fertilizer delivery pipeline, it solves the problems of nutrient attenuation, ammonia volatilization, and high operating costs caused by the need for manure to undergo multiple stages of sedimentation, dilution, and transfer before being returned to the field in the traditional crop-livestock integration model; Because the micro-sprinkler irrigation and liquid fertilizer delivery form an integrated water and fertilizer supply loop, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic matter are dynamically released according to the physiological needs of forage grass (such as the peak nitrogen requirement during the tillering stage of white clover), thereby increasing the fertilizer utilization rate to over 75% in the current season (an increase of about 32 percentage points compared to conventional broadcasting), significantly reducing nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, and ultimately achieving the technical effects of increasing forage grass biomass in the semi-shaded area by 28%–41% and increasing feed yield per unit area by 35%.

[0092] Example 8:

[0093] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides:

[0094] The surface structure of Quanyang District is a high light transmittance structure.

[0095] The term "full-sunlight area" refers to the area directly beneath photovoltaic modules where the average daily solar irradiance L1 satisfies 0.75L≤L1≤L. This area is located south of and adjacent to the poultry shed, with no vertical obstructions (such as walls, tall vegetation, or ancillary buildings) to the south, ensuring natural high-radiation reception conditions. "Surface structure" refers to a functional paving or covering system that covers the soil surface, directly receiving solar radiation and participating in light environment regulation. Its physical form can be continuous mulch, porous grid panels, translucent gravel cushion layers, microporous concrete substrates, or composite translucent geotextiles, etc., and is not limited to a single material or structural form. "High transmittance" means that the surface structure has an overall average transmittance of no less than 65% across the entire solar spectrum (including ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared bands) in the wavelength range of 300-2500nm, with options of 75%–92% and even 80%–88%. This value is determined by an integrating sphere spectrometer (such as the PerkinElmer Lambda 950) according to ASTM standards. The transmittance is determined according to the E903 standard; the transmittance refers to the percentage of effective light flux that penetrates through the surface structure to the underlying soil surface or the bottom of the canopy of low-lying crops, rather than just the apparent visual transparency. This surface structure can be made of materials such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), modified polycarbonate (PC), high-transmittance ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film, silica sol-based translucent concrete doped with titanium dioxide nanoparticles, or a micro-translucent paving layer made of white glass beads with a diameter of 0.8–2.5 mm and food-grade silicone resin, cured together. Its thickness is controlled within the range of 3–15 mm to balance transmittance, mechanical load-bearing capacity, and resistance to UV aging. The surface can be set with micron-level diffuse reflection textures (Ra = 0.4–1.2 μm) or periodic microprism arrays (pitch 50–200 μm) to achieve secondary scattering of incident light while maintaining high transmittance, avoiding localized scorching of pasture or abnormal evaporation of soil moisture caused by direct sunlight.

[0096] The high-transmittance surface structure has a functional coupling relationship with the spatial positioning of the all-sunny area: because it is located in the unobstructed, high-irradiance area on the south side, it is necessary to ensure efficient downward transmission of light energy; at the same time, its light transmission characteristics are matched with the canopy height (usually ≤35cm) of the light-loving low-growing forage grasses (such as chicory, white clover, and ryegrass seedlings) planted in the all-sunny area; the light penetration depth needs to be sufficient to cover the distribution area of ​​the main photosynthetic organs of the crop, ensuring that the effective photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of the leaf surface is increased by 15%–40%; in addition, the structure also works in conjunction with the independent drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation branch pipes configured in the all-sunny area (see Specific Implementation 10), the light-transmitting substrate itself can also serve as a water-guiding micro-groove or capillary hydrophobic channel, so that irrigation water is evenly spread along the bottom surface of the structure without stagnation, avoiding water infiltration delay or surface runoff caused by the cover layer.

[0097] Through the above-described scheme, this invention achieves the following: Due to the high light transmittance of the surface structure, more solar radiation penetrates the cover layer to reach the soil surface and the lower part of the low-growing pasture canopy, significantly increasing the total amount of light energy available to plants per unit area; Because the surface of the light-transmitting structure has a microstructured scattering design, strong direct sunlight is converted into soft diffused light, reducing the risk of light inhibition in leaves and improving the uniformity of light distribution within the canopy; Because the thickness and material of the light-transmitting structure balance mechanical strength and water vapor permeability, it can withstand the compaction of light-duty vehicles (such as electric lawnmowers and inspection robots) while allowing soil respiration gases (CO2) to pass through. 2. Two-way exchange of H2O vapor avoids soil compaction and rhizosphere hypoxia caused by traditional impermeable hard paving; ultimately, without changing the tilt angle and spacing of the photovoltaic array, by optimizing the surface optical characteristics of the sunlit area, the technical problems in the background technology of low surface reflectivity and poor light transmittance in the sunlit area, resulting in insufficient actual light received by ground crops, low photosynthetic efficiency in the seedling stage, and unstable biomass production per unit area are solved, thereby improving the growth rate of forage grass, chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation, which is especially beneficial to the rapid establishment and continuous supply of supporting forage grass in the activity area of ​​poultry during the brooding period.

[0098] Example 9:

[0099] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides:

[0100] The entire area extends in an east-west direction and is arranged adjacent to the south side of the poultry house, with no vertical obstructions to its south.

[0101] Among them, "full-sunlight area" refers to the planting area under the photovoltaic modules where the average daily solar irradiance meets the requirement of 0.75L≤L1≤L, where L is the weighted average of the total daily solar radiation irradiance (unit: W / m²) of the unobstructed open ground surface at the same geographical coordinates and altitude throughout the year. 2 The values ​​were obtained through continuous monitoring for 12 months using a high-precision solar radiation meter (such as a Kipp & Zonn CMP22 thermopile total radiation meter) installed at a reference point in the center of the site, and calibrated using historical data from the meteorological bureau. This area is specifically designated for planting light-loving forage grasses or cash crops, such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), or forage maize (Zea mays var. rugosa), with light saturation points generally exceeding 800 μmol / (m²). 2 •s (measured by photosynthetically active radiation PAR). The spatial extent of the solar-powered area was determined by dynamic simulation using 3D illumination modeling software (such as PVSOL or Helios3D) combined with local latitude and longitude, photovoltaic array tilt angle of 25°–35°, row spacing ≥4.5m, module height (net height above ground ≥2.8m), and the shadow projection trajectory of the support structure, ensuring that the direct sunlight shading rate at any point within the area is less than 5% within 2 hours before and after noon on the winter solstice.

[0102] "Extending in the east-west direction" means that the long axis of the entire sunny area is parallel to the geographical east-west direction, with a deviation angle of ≤±3°. This orientation allows the area to receive equal and symmetrical sunlight in the morning and afternoon during the spring and autumn equinoxes, avoiding the situation where one side is always in the shade of the modules due to the north-south extension. Its planar shape can be rectangular, trapezoidal, or gently sloping strip, with the length set according to the total span of the photovoltaic array, typically 30–120m, and the width 6–15m, accounting for 35%–45% of the total projected area of ​​the photovoltaic array. This extension method forms spatial coordination with the east-west linear layout of the poultry house, which facilitates the unified planning of irrigation branch pipe layout, mechanical operation channels, and personnel inspection paths.

[0103] "Adjacent to the south side of the poultry house" refers to a horizontal distance of 0–1.2m between the northern boundary of the sunlit area and the outer skin of the south wall of the poultry house, with an option of 0.3–0.8m. This close proximity is achieved by extending the foundation platform of the poultry house or setting up a shared drainage ditch to achieve structural connection. This not only prevents the south-facing drainage slope from partially blocking sunlight, but also utilizes the south wall of the poultry house to form a micro-topographical reflective surface. The wall surface is coated with a light-colored reflective coating (such as TiO2-based ceramic glaze, with a solar reflectance ≥0.75). During the low-angle incident periods in the morning and afternoon, some diffused light is redirected to a 0.5–1.0m wide edge band near the wall of the sunlit area, improving the light uniformity of the area (CV value reduced by 12%–18%). As a variant embodiment, a mirrored aluminum plate light guide with an inclination angle of 15°–20° can also be set on the top of the south wall of the poultry house to refract high-angle direct light to the middle and rear of the sunlit area, compensating for the attenuation of the shadow at the bottom of the components.

[0104] "No vertical obstructions to the south" means that within a range extending at least 20m southward from the southern boundary of Quanyang District, there are no fixed structures (such as fence posts, equipment bases, maintenance ladders), permanent vegetation (such as trees, shrubs), or temporary storage objects with a height ≥0.5m. This control range is determined according to the minimum control distance principle for sunlight analysis in the "GB / T 50001-2017 Unified Standard for Building Drawings" and is verified by dual verification through on-site laser rangefinder and UAV oblique photogrammetry 3D modeling. The southern boundary line is based on the center line of the southernmost planting ridge in Quanyang District. Within the 20m fan-shaped control area (horizontal angle 180°) due south, the ground slope is ≤3%, and the surface is covered with permeable concrete or compacted gravel to ensure no light scattering loss caused by rainwater accumulation or dust during the rainy season. As an optional alternative, dwarf evergreen ground cover plants (such as Juniperus) with a height ≤0.3m can also be planted in this control area. The canopy density of *Procumbens* is adjusted to maintain a light transmittance of 60%–70%, which satisfies the function of ecological isolation without constituting substantial optical obstruction.

[0105] The aforementioned technical features are interconnected and synergistic: the east-west extension orientation and the adjacent arrangement on the south side jointly constrain the spatial topology of the fully sunlit area, making it the "optical outpost" of the southern edge of the photovoltaic array, while the absence of vertical shading to the south provides it with uncompromising optical access conditions; the three constitute a rigid geometric constraint closed loop; if the east-west extension is deviated, the shadow zone on the winter solstice will be deflected, resulting in periodic weak light spots at the eastern / western ends of the area; if the distance from the poultry house is increased, the south wall reflection gain will fail, and the control area will be easily invaded by external facilities; if shading to the south is allowed, the frequency of direct light interruption will increase significantly (measurements show that a 0.8m high fence can reduce the average illuminance by 23%–31% during the 10:00–14:00 period), directly inhibiting the photosynthetic efficiency of light-loving crops.

[0106] Through the above-described steps, this invention achieves a dual guarantee of physical accessibility and spatiotemporal stability of sunlight resources in the fully sunlit area: because the fully sunlit area extends strictly east-west, it can respond evenly to changes in the solar azimuth angle during sunrise and sunset, avoiding continuous unilateral shading; because it is adjacent to the south side of the poultry shed, it can supplement the weak light at dawn and dusk through wall reflection and compress the ineffective shadow transition zone; because the entire south-facing area remains unobstructed by vertical shading, it ensures unobstructed direct sunlight path from sunrise to sunset, especially ensuring that the irradiance intensity during the peak photosynthetic period of crops from 10:00 to 14:00 remains stable at ≥850W / m². 2 (Taking a sunny day as an example). This solves the problems of light attenuation, shortened light duration, and uneven light distribution in the solar-powered area under the photovoltaic array caused by improper building layout or intrusion of surrounding facilities. It increases the biomass of light-loving forage grasses by 28%–41%, increases the mowing frequency by 1–2 times per year, and reduces the energy consumption of supplemental lighting and the cost of manual intervention. It effectively supports the positive cycle of "maximum light capture - high-efficiency crop output - optimized aquaculture environment" in the solar-pastoral complementary system.

[0107] Example 10:

[0108] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides:

[0109] The entire Yang area is divided into multiple sub-planting units separated by a mesh fence, and each sub-planting unit has an independent drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation branch pipe at the bottom.

[0110] The "all-sunny zone" refers to the area directly beneath photovoltaic modules where the average daily solar intensity L1 meets the condition of 0.75L≤L1≤L. Its lighting conditions are close to those of unobstructed open space, making it suitable for planting light-loving forage, fodder, or cash crops. This area is located south of poultry sheds, extending east-west, and has no vertical obstructions (such as walls, tall vegetation, or ancillary buildings) to the south, ensuring direct solar radiation for most of the year, especially maintaining effective photosynthetic duration around the winter solstice. The surface structure of the all-sunny zone is highly translucent, for example, using a gravel-sand composite base layer with a porosity ≥40%, or laying a weed-controlling and light-transmitting membrane (made of UV-stabilized polyolefin copolymer, 0.12–0.18 mm thick) with a light transmittance ≥85%. This inhibits weed germination while ensuring soil gas exchange and rainwater infiltration, preventing nutrient loss due to surface runoff.

[0111] The planting area mesh fence is a detachable flexible fence system, woven from weather-resistant polypropylene (PP) monofilaments into a diamond-shaped mesh structure. The mesh size ranges from 10cm×10cm to 20cm×20cm. The posts are made of hot-dip galvanized steel pin-type piles (32mm in diameter, 2.5mm in wall thickness, and 60–80cm above ground), with a spacing of 3–5m between adjacent posts. The top of the fence is equipped with an adjustable tensioning device, which allows for dynamic adjustment of the fence height according to the growth height of the crops. This fence not only achieves physical zoning, but its mesh structure itself also has microscale windbreak and light scattering functions. During periods of strong sunlight in summer, the mesh fibers diffusely reflect incident light, reducing the peak instantaneous irradiance of the ground surface by about 12–18% and alleviating surface soil moisture evaporation. Under weak light conditions in winter, the mesh gaps ensure that more than 90% of direct light penetrates without forming effective shading. As a variant example, the mesh fence of the planting area is replaced with a biological fence structure, that is, dwarf and densely planted Amorpha fruticosa or Hibiscus syriacus are planted along the boundary of the zone, with a plant spacing of 30-40cm and a crown width controlled at 60-80cm. This provides an ecological isolation zone and forms a natural light modulation interface through the gaps between branches and leaves, which has the functions of nitrogen fixation, insect suppression and landscape.

[0112] The sub-planting unit is the smallest planting operation unit with independent water and fertilizer management boundaries. Its planar shape is rectangular or approximately fan-shaped (adapted to the north-south slope of the photovoltaic array), and the area of ​​a single unit is 20–100 m². 2 40–60m 2 The unit division is based on crop water requirement patterns and crop rotation cycles: for example, units with short growing seasons and concentrated water requirements (such as ryegrass reaching harvest time 30–45 days after sowing) are set as small areas (20–40 m²). 2 ), while units containing deep-rooted, water-slow-release crops (such as alfalfa) are set as large areas (80–100m²). 2Each unit is separated by a 0.6–1.0m wide maintenance passage, with the surface paved with permeable concrete (porosity 15–20%) to accommodate both personnel passage and rainwater drainage. As a variant embodiment, sub-planting units are non-uniformly divided based on spatial heterogeneity of soil electrical conductivity (EC) or organic matter content. Portable multi-parameter soil sensors (including EC, pH, and moisture content probes) are used for grid sampling (5m × 5m sampling points). GIS spatial clustering analysis generates a differential zoning map, ensuring each sub-unit corresponds to a similar soil physicochemical background, thereby improving the accuracy of irrigation strategy adaptation.

[0113] The independent drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation branch pipes are terminal water supply pipes configured separately for each sub-planting unit and not interconnected. Their main pipes originate from the main irrigation pipe (PE100 grade polyethylene pipe, nominal outer diameter 63mm) on the west or north side of Quanyang District, and connect to the unit branch pipes after passing through an anti-clogging pressure reducing valve (constant outlet pressure 0.1–0.15MPa) and a disc filter (filtration accuracy 120 mesh). The drip irrigation branch pipes use embedded pressure-compensating drippers (working pressure 0.07–0.1MPa, flow rate 1.0–2.0L / h, dripper spacing 30cm), laid on the surface or shallowly buried 5–8cm. The micro-sprinkler branch pipes use rotary micro-sprinklers (spray radius 2.5–4.0m, atomization index ≥2500μm·kPa). 0 · 5 The system is installed on a 0.8–1.2m high stainless steel bracket to ensure a spray coverage uniformity of ≥85%. All branch pipes are equipped with solenoid valves (24V DC driven, response time ≤2s) and flow meters (range 0.1–5.0L / min, accuracy ±2%), which are independently opened, closed, and metered by a field intelligent controller (supporting LoRaWAN wireless communication) according to a preset program. The controller dynamically corrects the irrigation quota based on real-time data from the weather station (daily cumulative radiation, reference evapotranspiration ET0), soil moisture sensors (FDR principle, buried at three layers of 15 / 30 / 50cm), and crop coefficient Kc. As a variant embodiment, the independent irrigation branch pipe integrates a liquid fertilizer mixing module; a Venturi fertilizer applicator or proportioning pump is installed at the water inlet of the branch pipe to inject the liquid fertilizer filtrate (total nitrogen concentration 80–150 mg / L, total phosphorus 15–35 mg / L) obtained after solid-liquid separation of poultry manure into the irrigation water flow at a ratio of 1:500–1:1000, so as to achieve precise application of integrated water and fertilizer; at this time, the branch pipe material is upgraded to corrosion-resistant EPDM rubber lined PE pipe to avoid the swelling and aging of ordinary PE pipe by ammonia nitrogen in liquid fertilizer.

[0114] There are clear functional coupling relationships among the various technical features: the spatial rigidity of the planting area mesh fence provides a basic constraint for the physical layout and hydraulic isolation of independent irrigation branch pipes; the mesh size and optical properties of the fence work together to regulate the surface light environment entering the sub-planting unit, so that the crop photosynthetic efficiency and transpiration water consumption rate are in dynamic equilibrium; while the area setting of the sub-planting unit and the hydraulic parameter configuration of the independent branch pipes jointly determine the controllable particle size of the spatial and temporal distribution of water within the unit; small-area units are matched with low-flow drip irrigation to achieve "small amount, multiple times" root zone moistening; large-area units are adapted to micro-sprinkler systems, which prolong the air humidity maintenance time through the atomized water droplet settling process, and alleviate the stomatal closure effect of leaves under strong light and high temperature.

[0115] Through the above-described steps, this invention achieves a refined reconstruction of irrigation management in the Quanyang area: by dividing the Quanyang area into multiple sub-planting units separated by a mesh fence, it solves the problems of delayed crop water demand response, conflicting irrigation needs at different growth stages, and coexistence of localized over-wetness / drought caused by treating the Quanyang area as a single irrigation unit in the traditional way; because each sub-planting unit has an independent drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation branch at its bottom, it breaks through the bottleneck of adapting to climate fluctuations and crop growth dynamics in a fixed irrigation system, and supports differentiated water and fertilizer regulation based on the real-time soil-crop-atmosphere continuum (SCAC) status; because the drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler modes can be switched autonomously according to the crop type of the unit, it takes into account both the dual goals of efficient water resource utilization (drip irrigation water saving rate ≥40%) and microclimate optimization (micro-sprinkler humidification and cooling effect); ultimately, while ensuring the stability of forage yield and quality, it significantly reduces irrigation water consumption per unit area by 18–32%, reduces the risk of nitrogen leaching by more than 25%, and reserves standardized hardware interfaces and data acquisition foundations for the subsequent introduction of AI-driven irrigation decision models.

[0116] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention / utility model is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the invention. No markings in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for ecological farming that combines grazing and solar power, comprising photovoltaic modules, support columns, and poultry houses, characterized in that: The planting area below the photovoltaic modules is divided into a full-sun area, a partial-shade area, and a full-shade area according to the average daily light intensity. The average daily light intensity L1 of the full-sun area satisfies 0.75L≤L1≤L, the average daily light intensity L2 of the partial-shade area satisfies 0.35L≤L2<0.75L, and the average daily light intensity L3 of the full-shade area satisfies L3<0.35L, where L is the average daily light intensity of the unshaded open space. The poultry houses are arranged in a sequential manner along the east-west direction of the photovoltaic modules, consisting of a brooding house, a rearing house, and a fattening house, with an area ratio of 1:2:1.

5. The poultry house has a semi-shaded area and a fully sunned area on the south side from north to south, and a fully shaded area and a semi-shaded area on the north side from south to north. The semi-shaded area and the fully shaded area on the north side extend towards the adjacent facilities to form a slope of 3° to 10°.

2. A method for ecological aquaculture combining pasture and solar power as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic modules also serve as the roof structure of the poultry shed.

3. A method for ecological aquaculture combining pasture and solar power as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The brooding house, rearing house, and fattening house correspond to the spatial layout of the fully sunny area on the south side and the fully shaded area and semi-shaded area on the north side, respectively.

4. A method for ecological aquaculture combining pasture and solar power as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The poultry house is equipped with a manure collection device consisting of a wire mesh bed and a manure scraper at the bottom. The collected manure is transported to an underground fermentation tank on the northwest side of the planting area. The biogas produced by fermentation is transported through pipelines to the biogas combustion furnace in the poultry house. The fermentation residue is reused for soil improvement in the planting area.

5. A method for ecological aquaculture combining pasture and solar power as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The semi-shaded area is divided into multiple sub-areas, each of which is planted with different shade-tolerant forage varieties. The boundaries of the semi-shaded area are monitored by light sensors and the position of the planting area fence is dynamically adjusted.

6. A method for ecological aquaculture combining pasture and solar power as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A flow channel made of flexible shading material with adjustable light transmittance is provided between the semi-shaded area and the poultry house, and a light scattering layer is provided on the surface of the semi-shaded area.

7. A method for ecological aquaculture combining pasture and solar power as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The semi-shaded area is equipped with a micro-sprinkler irrigation system, which is connected to the manure collection device at the bottom of the poultry house through a liquid fertilizer delivery pipeline.

8. A method for ecological aquaculture combining pasture and solar power as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The surface structure of the Quanyang area is a high light transmittance structure.

9. A method for ecological aquaculture combining pasture and solar power as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The fully sunlit area extends in an east-west direction and is arranged adjacent to the south side of the poultry house, with no vertical obstructions to its south.

10. A method for ecological aquaculture combining pasture and solar power as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The entire sunny area is divided into multiple sub-planting units separated by a planting area mesh fence, and each sub-planting unit is equipped with an independent drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation branch pipe at the bottom.