Seed treatment agent containing sedaxane, benziothiazolinone and clothianidin and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural pest control, and particularly discloses a seed treatment agent containing sedaxane (A), benziothiazolinone (B) and clothianidin (C) and application of the seed treatment agent. The seed treatment agent is composed of effective components including sedaxane, benziothiazolinone and clothianidin and auxiliaries allowed to be added in agricultural production, can be used in a seed coating or seed dressing mode, and can effectively prevent and control three soil-borne diseases including potato black scurf, ginger blast and garlic root rot and soil insects including grubs, root-knot nematodes, garlic maggots and the like corresponding to three crops. The composition has the advantages of lasting control effect, high safety, long lasting period, no phytotoxicity to crops and the like. The composition can effectively solve the problems of narrow control range, enhanced pest and disease resistance and the like of a current single agent, remarkably improves the crop yield and quality, and is suitable for large-scale agricultural popularization and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural pest and disease control technology, specifically relating to a ternary compound seed treatment agent, particularly a seed treatment agent containing fluoxastrobin, thiamethoxam and thiamethoxam, and the synergistic application of this agent in the control of common pests and diseases in crops such as potatoes, ginger, and garlic. Background Technology

[0002] Sedaxane, chemical formula: C 18 H 19 F2N3O, belonging to the pyrazolamide class of compounds, inhibits fungal metabolism by binding to succinate dehydrogenase and is a novel SDHI fungicide. Fluoxastrobin possesses potential biostimulant-like effects (similar to gibberellins and auxins). After coating, the solution penetrates the surrounding soil, significantly promoting plant root growth while forming a protective ring for seeds, roots, and stem base. It exhibits good mobility across various soil types and can be evenly distributed to crop roots. Fluoxastrobin demonstrates good control efficacy against a variety of soil-borne and seed-borne fungal diseases, particularly those caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Ustilago maydis. It can be used for seed treatment of crops such as rice, potato, corn, and wheat.

[0003] Benzisothiazolinone, chemical formula C7H5NOS, is a novel, broad-spectrum benzothiazolinone fungicide. This fungicide primarily disrupts the nuclear structure of pathogenic bacteria, interfering with their metabolism, causing them to lose their vital organs or experience physiological dysfunction, leading to exhaustion and death. This compound has strong systemic penetration, possesses both protective and curative effects, and has a long-lasting effect, making it difficult for pathogens to develop resistance and ensuring its safety for crops. It is mainly used to control various bacterial and fungal diseases such as cucumber downy mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, tomato bacterial wilt, pear scab, apple rot, citrus canker, anthracnose, and grape black rot.

[0004] Clothiadin, with the molecular formula C6H8ClN5O2S, is a highly effective, safe, and selective neonicotinoid insecticide. Its action is similar to that of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, exhibiting contact, stomach poison, and systemic activity. It is absorbed by seeds and slowly released into the rhizosphere soil. It effectively controls a variety of pests on rice, vegetables, fruit trees, and other crops, including aphids, leafhoppers, thrips, planthoppers, grubs, root-knot nematodes, and root maggots. It boasts advantages such as high efficiency, broad spectrum, low dosage, low toxicity, long-lasting efficacy, no phytotoxicity to crops, safe use, and no cross-resistance with conventional pesticides. Furthermore, compared to other insecticides in its class, it exhibits better systemic and penetrating properties.

[0005] Potatoes, ginger, and garlic are important economic and food crops in my country, but they face serious threats from pests and diseases during cultivation. Among them, potato black scurf, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, leads to seed potato rot and plant wilting, resulting in yield losses of 30% to 50% in severe cases. Ginger wilt, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is highly contagious and spreads rapidly, potentially causing total crop failure. Garlic root rot, caused by Fusarium, Pythium, and other pathogens, damages the garlic root system, hinders nutrient absorption, and results in small, poor-quality garlic bulbs. Meanwhile, the damage caused by underground pests is also prominent. The potato underground pest, the white grub, feeds on potato tubers, causing holes and rot, reducing the commercial value of the tubers. The ginger underground pest, the root-knot nematode, eats the ginger roots and stems, causing tuber damage and weakened plant growth. The garlic underground pest, the garlic maggot (scientific name: leek maggot larvae), bores into the garlic bulbs, causing bulb rot and yellowing of leaves, seriously affecting garlic yield.

[0006] Current methods for controlling the aforementioned pests and diseases have significant shortcomings: single fungicides can only control one type of disease, and single insecticides can only target one type of pest, requiring growers to apply pesticides multiple times, increasing labor costs and easily leading to excessive pesticide residues; some agents have poor systemic properties and short-lasting effects, failing to provide sustained protection, and long-term use can easily lead to pesticide resistance in pests and diseases, further reducing control effectiveness. Therefore, developing a highly effective and safe seed treatment agent that can simultaneously control multiple diseases and underground pests has become an urgent need in current agricultural production. Furthermore, a search of current patents and literature revealed no reports of using a combination of fluoxastrobin, thiamethoxam, and thiamethoxam for seed treatment to control the aforementioned pests and diseases. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a seed treatment agent containing fluoxastrobin, thiamethoxam and thiamethoxam to achieve "one medicine for multiple preventions", simultaneously controlling potato black scurf, ginger wilt, garlic root rot and corresponding underground pests, reducing the cost of medicines, reducing pesticide residues, and improving crop yield and quality.

[0008] To achieve the objectives of this invention, the technical solution adopted is as follows: This invention relates, in one aspect, to a seed treatment agent containing fluoxastrobin, thiamethoxam, and thiamethoxam, comprising active ingredients and adjuvants permitted for agricultural production. The active ingredients of the seed treatment agent include fluoxastrobin, thiamethoxam, and thiamethoxam.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the active ingredients fluoxastrobin, thiamethoxam, and thiamethoxam is 1~20:1~10:1~30, more preferably 1~10:1~5:1~20, further preferably 5:1:1-20, and most preferably 5:1:15.

[0010] The seed treatment agent of the present invention can be prepared into seed treatment suspension, seed treatment emulsion, seed treatment dry powder, seed treatment soluble agent and seed treatment soluble powder, and more preferably into seed treatment suspension.

[0011] In this invention, the adjuvant ingredients that are permissible to be added in agricultural production include one or more of the following: wetting agents, dispersants, penetrants, antifreeze agents, preservatives, defoamers, thickeners, colorants, film-forming agents, pH adjusters, and deionized water.

[0012] in: The wetting agent includes one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, sodium dioctyl succinate sulfonate, fatty alcohol sulfate, and alkylnaphthalene sulfonate. The dispersant includes one or more of the following: lignin sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, polycarboxylate, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymer, phosphate salt, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate sulfate, sodium methylene bisnaphthalene sulfonate, and lignin derivatives. The penetrant includes one or more of the following: fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, sodium diisooctyl succinate sulfonate, fast T, sec-octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether, and alkyl polysaccharide glycoside. The antifreeze includes one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride. The preservatives include one or more of potassium sorbate, Kathon, formaldehyde, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, sodium sorbate, isothiazolinone, and sodium dehydroacetate; The defoamer includes one or more of the following: organosilicon, polyether, mineral oil, dimethylsiloxane, polyether-modified organosilicon, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycerol ether, fatty acid ester defoamer, and organosilicon-mineral oil composite defoamer; The thickener includes one or more of xanthan gum, guar gum, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, fumed silica, bentonite, magnesium aluminum silicate, and attapulgite. The colorant includes one or more of lemon yellow, sunset yellow, carmine, brilliant blue, and magenta; The film-forming agent includes one or more of the following: polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate emulsion, acrylate copolymer, polyurethane resin, gum arabic, chitosan, and sodium alginate; The pH adjuster includes one or more of the following: hydrochloric acid, glacial acetic acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, citric acid, malic acid, triethanolamine, and diethanolamine.

[0013] Furthermore, the seed treatment agent comprises the following components and their weight percentages: 1%~40% active ingredient, 1%~8% wetting agent, 1%~6% dispersant, 1%~5% penetrant, 3%~5% antifreeze, 0.3%~0.5% preservative, 0.3%~1% defoamer, 0.15%~0.3% thickener, 3%~24% colorant, 1%~3% film-forming agent, 0.2%~2% pH adjuster, and deionized water to bring the total to 100%.

[0014] The preparation method of the seed treatment suspension of the present invention is as follows: after stirring and sand milling all components, including the effective ingredients, auxiliary ingredients (excluding film-forming agents and colorants), and deionized water, for 1.5 hours, a white slurry is obtained by filtration. Then, film-forming agents and colorants are added according to the formula ratio and homogenized and stirred. After mixing evenly, the slurry is discharged.

[0015] Another aspect of this invention relates to the use of the seed treatment agent described herein for treating crop seeds. The crop seeds treated with the seed treatment agent include wheat, corn, potato, peanut, ginger, rice, soybean, garlic, rapeseed, and other crop seeds, for the prevention and control of seed-borne or soil-borne underground pests and diseases.

[0016] Furthermore, the preferred crops are potatoes, ginger, and garlic; the preferred diseases are potato black scurf, ginger wilt, and garlic root rot; and the preferred underground pests are grubs, root-knot nematodes, and garlic maggots.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention has a wider range of control, addressing the pain point of combined disease and pest damage. Existing technologies mostly use single fungicides or insecticides or binary compounds, failing to simultaneously address seed-borne or soil-borne diseases and underground pests. This invention, through a ternary compound, can effectively control potato black scurf, ginger wilt, garlic root rot (fungal + bacterial disease), as well as grubs, root-knot nematodes, and root maggots with a single seed treatment. Secondly, the three active ingredients of this invention have complementary targets (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor + disruption of cell membrane / protein synthesis + nicotinic acetylcholine receptor), exhibiting a significant synergistic effect. This not only enhances the control effect but also significantly reduces the probability of resistance development, provides a long-lasting effect, and greatly reduces the number of applications and labor costs. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer and easier to understand, the technical solutions involved in this invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific indoor toxicity tests and field efficacy trials. However, this invention is not limited to the following embodiments. It should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

[0019] I. Indoor bioassay activity determination Example 1: Screening of the ratio of fluoxastrobin and thiamethoxam against potato black scurf and garlic root rot and determination of co-toxicity coefficient. Test materials Test targets: Potato black scurf, caused by *Rhizoctonia solani*, a fungus belonging to the Deuteromycetes, provided by the Plant Pathology Laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University. Garlic root rot, caused by *Fusarium oxysporum*, a fungus belonging to the genus *Fusarium*, provided by the Plant Pathology Laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University.

[0020] Test agents: 96% fluoxastrobin technical (Syngenta Nantong Crop Protection Co., Ltd.), 95% thiamethoxam technical (Shaanxi Xida Huate Technology Industry Co., Ltd.).

[0021] Test culture medium: Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium 2. Test treatment Dosage setup: The test agents fluoxastrobin and thiamethoxam were prepared into stock solutions using DMF, and then diluted with 2% Tween 80 sterile water. Fluoxastrobin and thiamethoxam were then mixed in seven ratios: 20:1, 15:1, 10:1, 5:1, 1:1, 1:5, and 1:10. After the preliminary tests of each agent, the designed series of ratios were added to PDA medium to prepare drug-containing plates. A blank control (containing 2% Tween 80 sterile water instead of water) was set up.

[0022] Experimental replication: Each concentration treatment was replicated 3 times.

[0023] 3. Test Methods Refer to the "Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China NY / T1156.2006", mycelial growth rate method.

[0024] Pre-prepared mycelial blocks were inoculated onto PDA agar plates containing different concentrations of fungicides. Potato black scurf was cultured at 23°C for 3 days, and garlic root rot was cultured at 25°C for 2 days. Colony diameter was measured using the cross-hatching method, the average colony diameter was calculated, and the EC50 of different fungicides on the strains was determined.50 The co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) of the mixture was calculated using the co-toxicity coefficient calculation method. The synergistic effect of the mixture was determined using the following specific calculation method: Using a single agent from the mixture as the standard reagent (usually EC) 50 (The lower one), calculate: Single-dose toxicity index = standard agent EC 50 / A single-dose EC 50 ×100 Actual toxicity index (ATI) = EC of standard single dose 50 EC values / mixtures 50 value × 100 Theoretical Toxicity Index (TTI) = Toxicity Index of Single Agent A × Proportion of Single Agent A in the Mixture + Toxicity Index of Single Agent B × Proportion of Single Agent B in the Mixture Cotoxicity coefficient (CTC) = Measured toxicity index / Theoretical toxicity index × 100 Co-toxicity coefficient classification: when CTC≥120, the mixture exhibits a synergistic effect; when CTC≤80, it exhibits an antagonistic effect; and when CTC is between 80 and 120, it exhibits an additive effect.

[0025] Table 1. Results of toxicity assays of different ratios of fluoxastrobin and thiamethoxam against potato black scurvy.

[0026] Table 2. Results of toxicity tests of different ratios of fluoxastrobin and thiamethoxam against garlic root rot.

[0027] Tables 1 and 2 show that, based on the mycelial growth rate method, both fluoxastrobin and thiamethoxam exhibit good control effects against potato black scurf and garlic root rot. Their EC50 values ​​against potato black scurf are 0.281 mg / L and 9.347 mg / L, respectively, and against garlic root rot are 2.571 mg / L and 5.632 mg / L, respectively. When the active ingredient mass ratio is 1–20:1–10, the co-toxicity coefficients against both diseases in the laboratory are all >120, indicating a significant synergistic effect. The co-toxicity coefficients are highest at an active ingredient ratio of 5:1, reaching 171.013 and 165.424, respectively, demonstrating the best synergistic effect. Therefore, the optimal ratio of 5:1 was selected for subsequent screening of the optimal insecticidal ratio using the insecticide thiamethoxam to determine the optimal dosage of thiamethoxam.

[0028] Example 2: Screening of the ratio of fluoxastrobin and thiamethoxam against ginger wilt and determination of co-toxicity coefficient 1. Test materials Test target: Ginger wilt disease, also known as bacterial rot or bacterial wilt, is a devastating soil-borne bacterial disease. The pathogen is mainly Ralstonia solanacearum, provided by the Plant Pathology Laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection, Guizhou Agricultural University.

[0029] Test agents: 96% fluoxastrobin technical (Syngenta Nantong Crop Protection Co., Ltd.), 95% thiamethoxam technical (Shaanxi Xida Huate Technology Industry Co., Ltd.).

[0030] Test medium: NA medium.

[0031] 2. Test treatment Preparation of NA medium with bacteria: Prepare a bacterial suspension of a certain concentration of the pathogen of ginger wilt disease, and then spread the bacterial suspension evenly on NA medium with a sterile spreader and wait for it to grow.

[0032] Dosage setting: The test agents fluoxastrobin and thiamethoxam were prepared into a stock solution using DMF, and then diluted with 2% Tween 80 sterile water. Fluoxastrobin and thiamethoxam were then mixed in seven ratios: 20:1, 15:1, 10:1, 5:1, 1:1, 1:5, and 1:10, respectively.

[0033] 3. Test Methods Following the inhibition zone method, after preparing the reagents for the respective experiments, the designed series of reagent solutions were added dropwise to bacterial colonies. Three parallel controls were set up for each treatment, with identical volumes of reagent added. A blank control was provided using a reagent-free culture medium (sterile water containing 2% Tween 80 instead of water), and the medium was incubated at 25°C for 2 days. The diameter of the inhibition zone was measured using the cross-sectional method, the average diameter of the inhibition zone was calculated, and the EC50 of different reagents against ginger wilt was determined. 50 The co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) of the mixture was calculated using the co-toxicity coefficient calculation method. The synergistic effect of the mixture was determined, and the specific calculation method was the same as in Example 1.

[0034] Table 3. Results of toxicity assays of different ratios of fluoxastrobin and thiamethoxam against ginger wilt disease.

[0035] Table 3 shows that, based on the inhibition zone method, both fluoxastrobin and thiamethoxam at different ratios exhibit good control effects against ginger wilt disease. Specifically, fluoxastrobin and thiamethoxam show good EC50 control effects against ginger wilt disease. 50The concentrations were 13.732 mg / L and 1.249 mg / L, respectively. When the effective ingredient mass ratio was 1–20:1–10, the co-toxicity coefficient against ginger wilt disease was >120, indicating a significant synergistic effect. The co-toxicity coefficient was highest at 158.404 when the effective ingredient ratio was 5:1, demonstrating the best synergistic effect. Therefore, this ratio was selected for subsequent screening of the optimal insecticidal ratio with the insecticide thiamethoxam to determine the optimal dosage of thiamethoxam.

[0036] Example 3: Toxicity determination of (fluoxacillin + thiamethoxam) mixture and thiamethoxam at different ratios against underground pests grubs, garlic maggots and root-knot nematodes. 1. Test conditions 1.1 Test insect source White grubs were collected from potato fields in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, where potato black scurf and white grub infestation were most severe. Second-instar larvae of relatively uniform size were selected for laboratory toxicity testing. Garlic maggots were collected from garlic fields in Jinxiang, Shandong Province, where garlic maggot infestation is a long-standing problem. Third- to fourth-instar maggots were collected from whole plants as test subjects. Root-knot nematodes were collected from ginger fields in Kaili, Guizhou Province, where root-knot nematode infestation was most severe. Healthy, active, and uniformly sized second-instar nematode larvae, aged 5-6 days, were selected as test subjects.

[0037] 1.2 Cultivation Conditions Grubs: 100g of soil that has been sterilized at high temperature (21℃), with a relative humidity of 65% and a pH of 6.3.

[0038] Garlic maggots: Place them in a petri dish containing moistened filter paper (about 9cm in diameter), with fresh garlic bulbs (2cm in diameter) inside. After covering the dish, place it in an incubator at (25±2)℃ and 70% relative humidity in the dark.

[0039] Root-knot nematodes: Sandy loam soil was passed through a 20-mesh sieve and sterilized at 120℃ for 4 hours using a far-infrared rapid dryer. It was then cultured in a greenhouse at approximately (25±1)℃ and a relative humidity of about 60%.

[0040] 1.3 Instruments and Equipment Biochemical incubator, SW-CJ-2F double-sided clean bench, as well as Eppendorf pipettes, oven, beakers, sterile plastic cups, etc.

[0041] 2. Experimental Design 2.1 Test reagents 96% fluoxastrobin technical grade (Syngenta Nantong Crop Protection Co., Ltd.), 95% thiamethoxam technical grade (Shaanxi Xida Huate Technology Industry Co., Ltd.), 98% thiamethoxam technical grade (Hebei Weiyuan Biochemical Co., Ltd.).

[0042] 2.2 Test Treatment 2.2.1 Dosage setting The test agents fluoxastrobin, thiamethoxam, and thiamethoxam were prepared into stock solutions using DMF, and then diluted with 2% Tween 80 sterile water. Based on the optimal ratio of fluoxastrobin to thiamethoxam selected in "Example 1" and "Example 2" for controlling potato black scurf, garlic root rot, and ginger wilt, a fixed ratio of 5:1 was used as the fixed fungicide ratio. Subsequently, the fungicides were compounded with thiamethoxam in seven ratios: 5:1:1, 5:1:5, 5:1:10, 5:1:15, 5:1:20, 5:1:25, and 5:1:30 to prepare the required series of agents. A blank control was set up using a culture medium without the agents (sterile water containing 2% Tween 80 was used instead of water).

[0043] 2.2.2 Experimental Repetition Grubs: 25 grubs per treatment, repeated 3 times.

[0044] Garlic maggots: 30 maggots per treatment, repeated 3 times in total.

[0045] Root-knot nematodes: 60 nematodes per treatment, repeated 3 times.

[0046] 3. Test Methods Grubs: The indoor toxicity of different agents to grubs was determined using the immersion method. First, the tested grub larvae were placed in seven different series of agents listed in 2.2.1 (dosing setup) and a blank control. After immersion for 10 seconds, they were removed, dried, and then placed in plastic cups containing 100g of sterilized soil. The soil moisture content of the plastic cups (diameter 11cm, height 5.4cm) was 65%, and the pH was 6.3. Each plastic cup contained 25 grubs, and four identical, sprouted primary seed potatoes were placed in each cup as feed. The cups were then placed in a constant temperature incubator at 21℃. After 72 hours, the results were checked and the number of dead grubs was recorded.

[0047] Garlic maggots: The in vitro toxicity of different pesticides to garlic maggots was determined using the immersion method. Filter paper cut into pieces larger than 9 cm in diameter was laid flat in petri dishes. Seven different series of pesticide solutions listed in the dosage settings, as well as a blank control solution, were added using a pipette. The pesticide solution was adjusted to the maximum water holding capacity of the filter paper. Twenty 3rd-4th instar larvae were evenly introduced into each petri dish using a paintbrush. Simultaneously, fresh garlic cloves were cut into 0.5 cm pieces. 2 Garlic cloves of various sizes were soaked in seven different prepared solutions for approximately 20 seconds, then removed and slightly dried with absorbent paper. The treated garlic cloves were then evenly placed into petri dishes according to the corresponding solution ratio, with eight cloves per dish. The petri dishes were then covered and placed in an incubator at (25±2)℃ and 70% relative humidity in the dark. The number of dead insects was counted after 48 hours of treatment.

[0048] Root-knot nematodes: The indoor toxicity of different pesticides to root-knot nematodes was determined using the soil-mix method. 1.0 kg of treated dry soil was weighed, and seven different series of pesticides listed in the test setup were added to the dry soil sample in ascending order of concentration. A suitable amount of water was then added to bring the soil moisture content to approximately 18%. The toxic soil was mixed in a V-type mixer for 5 minutes until homogeneous, and then placed into glass rearing tubes (1.8 cm in diameter and 7.5 cm in height) containing one test nematode. A small amount of ginger was added as food, and the tubes were sealed with rubber stoppers to prevent escape. Each treatment consisted of 60 test nematodes, repeated three times. The treated nematodes were placed in a greenhouse at approximately (25±1)℃ and a relative humidity of approximately 60%. The number of dead nematodes was counted after 5 days.

[0049] (Death criteria: The insect body is obviously shrunken or cannot crawl normally when touched) The specific calculation method is as follows: Using a single agent from the mixture as the standard reagent (usually selected by LC) 50 (The lower one), calculate: Single-dose toxicity index = LC50 of standard reagent 50 A single-dose LC 50 ×100 Actual Attractive Toxicity Index (ATI) = LC of a single standard dose 50 LC of values / mixtures 50 value × 100 Theoretical Toxicity Index (TTI) = Toxicity index of fungicide A × Proportion of fungicide A in the mixture + Toxicity index of insecticide B × Proportion of insecticide B in the mixture Cotoxicity coefficient (CTC) = Measured toxicity index / Theoretical toxicity index × 100 Co-toxicity coefficient classification: when CTC≥120, the mixture exhibits a synergistic effect; when CTC≤80, it exhibits an antagonistic effect; and when CTC is between 80 and 120, it exhibits an additive effect.

[0050] Table 4. Toxicity test results of (fluoxacillin + thiamethoxam) mixture and thiamethoxam at different ratios to grubs.

[0051] Table 5. Toxicity test results of (fluoxacillin + thiamethoxam) mixture and thiamethoxam at different ratios against garlic maggots.

[0052] Table 6. Results of toxicity assays against root-knot nematodes at different ratios of fluoxastrobin + thiamethoxam mixture and thiamethoxam.

[0053] The results measured in Tables 4, 5, and 6 show that the mixtures of fluoxastrobin:thiamethoxam (5:1) and the insecticide thiamethoxam at different ratios all exhibited certain control effects against grubs, garlic maggots, and root-knot nematodes. Furthermore, the LC50 of the mixtures of fluoxastrobin:thiamethoxam (5:1) and thiamethoxam against grubs was [not specified in the original text]. 50 The LC50 values ​​for controlling garlic maggots were 54.296 mg / L and 17.853 mg / L, respectively. 50 The LC50 concentrations for controlling root-knot nematodes were 48.139 mg / L and 11.472 mg / L, respectively. 50 The concentrations were 73.425 mg / L and 10.153 mg / L, respectively. The fact that the mixture of these two fungicides effectively killed underground pests such as grubs, garlic maggots, and root-knot nematodes is likely because the combination of fluoxastrobin and thiamethoxam, at high concentrations, allows their broad-spectrum fungicidal activity to penetrate the intestinal walls of these pests, inhibiting or killing symbiotic microorganisms within the intestines, thus causing physiological disorders, suppressing normal growth, and ultimately leading to death. In addition... When the ratio of the three active ingredients was 5:1:1 to 30, the co-toxicity coefficients against grubs, garlic maggots, and root-knot nematodes were all >120, showing a significant synergistic effect. In particular, when the ratio was 5:1:15, the control effect against grubs, garlic maggots, and root-knot nematodes was the best, with coefficients of 165.908, 162.851, and 157.277, respectively. However, when the ratio was 5:1:20 to 30, the co-toxicity coefficients against the three underground pests did not change much and even decreased slightly. This is considered to be because the amount of active ingredients added was too large, resulting in insufficient supply of acetylcholine receptors in the tested insects, thus producing a "desensitization" phenomenon, reducing the efficiency of interference with nerve signals, and thus the toxicity coefficients did not change much.

[0054] II. Field efficacy trials Based on the above indoor toxicity studies of fluoxastrobin, thiamethoxam, and thiamethoxam against potato black scurf, garlic root rot, and ginger wilt, as well as the corresponding underground pests grubs, garlic maggots, and root-knot nematodes, it was found that a ratio of fluoxastrobin to thiamethoxam of 5:1 yielded the best control effect against the three crop diseases. Therefore, further screening revealed that a ratio of 5:1:15 for the three active ingredients resulted in the best control effect against the corresponding three underground pests. Consequently, a seed treatment suspension can be prepared according to this ratio for subsequent field efficacy trials to fully demonstrate the control efficacy of the compound composition involved in this invention.

[0055] Homemade medicine example 1: (5+1+15)% Fluoxastrobin·Thiamethoxam·Thiamethoxam, Seed Treatment Suspension Concentrate

[0056] Homemade medicine example 2: 5% Thiamethoxam, Seed Treatment Suspension

[0057] Preparation method of seed treatment suspension: The active ingredients, auxiliary ingredients other than film-forming agents and colorants, and deionized water are accurately weighed according to the proportion, and then homogenized and dispersed by high-speed shearing. After 30 minutes, zirconium beads with a weight ratio of 1:1.2 are added and sand milled for 1.5 hours. Then, the mixture is filtered to obtain a white slurry. Finally, film-forming agents and colorants are added according to the formula proportion and homogenized and stirred for 30 minutes. After mixing evenly, the desired seed treatment suspension is obtained.

[0058] Example 1: Field efficacy trials of different pesticides against potato black scurf and underground pest grubs. 1.1 Test reagents and treatment Table 7 Test reagents and treatments

[0059] 1.2 Test Methods Potato variety tested: Jizhangshu 226 Experimental site selection: The experimental site was located in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province. The soil in the experimental field was sandy loam with moderate fertility and a pH value of 6.7. The previous crop was corn.

[0060] Experimental Design: The experiment included five treatments: 21% fluoxastrobin·thiamethoxam·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension, 44% fluoxastrobin seed treatment suspension, 5% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension, 48% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension, and a water control (CK). All seeds were treated with the pesticides listed in Table 7 above, and all seeds were treated once before sowing and then dried. Each treatment was replicated three times, with each replicate plot measuring 36 m². 2 (3.6m × 10m), with a 1m spacing between plots, arranged completely randomly. Sowing was carried out on April 18, 2024.

[0061] 1.3 Survey Methods Experimental survey: Emergence rate was investigated on May 12th, underground pests on July 15th, and the incidence of potato black scurf on stem base and tubers was investigated on June 20th and August 28th, respectively. The corresponding emergence rate and control effects were calculated. The specific survey plan is as follows: Potato emergence rate survey: Record the total number of seedlings in each treatment plot after the seedlings have emerged.

[0062] Survey of underground pests, grubs: On August 28, 2024 (harvest period), five-point sampling was conducted in each plot. Soil was dug at 50cm length, width, and depth, and then passed through a 30-mesh sieve. The grub population in each treatment soil sample was investigated and analyzed.

[0063] Potato black scurf disease survey: On June 20th (growing season) and August 28th (harvest season), the incidence of potato black scurf disease at the base of potato stems and tubers was investigated. A five-point sampling method was used in each plot, with 10 plants sampled at each point, for a total of 50 plants per plot, with three replicates. A total of 150 plants were sampled for each pesticide treatment. After harvest, 50 tubers were randomly selected from each plot, washed, and their disease severity was assessed. The disease index and control efficacy were then calculated according to the disease grading standards. The potato black scurf disease grading standards are as follows: Table 8 Grading Standards for Potato Black Scurf Disease Severity

[0064] After statistically recording the diseased plants according to the relevant national field trial standards, the disease index, disease control effect, and insect control effect were calculated. The significance of the control effect was analyzed using Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT).

[0065] Emergence rate (%) = Number of seedlings germinating in one treatment / Total number of seedlings surveyed × 100 Disease incidence rate (%) = (Number of diseased plants / Total number of plants surveyed) × 100 Disease index = 100 × ∑(number of diseased plants at each level × relative level value) / (highest disease level × total number of plants surveyed) Disease prevention efficacy (%) = (Disease index in control area - Disease index in drug-treated area) / Disease index in control area × 100 Insect control efficacy (%) = (Number of live insects in the control area - Number of live insects in the pesticide-treated area) / Number of live insects in the control area × 100 Table 9. Emergence rate of potatoes under different treatments and their control effects on potato black scurvy and grubs.

[0066] Note: ① Lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), and uppercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.01).

[0067] Observations in Table 9 show that, after potato seeds were treated with the four pesticides and the blank control as shown in Table 7, the seedling emergence rate was best with 21% fluoxastrobin·thiamethoxam·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension (96.67%), followed by 44% fluoxastrobin seed treatment (91.33%) and 5% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension (85.33%). The emergence rate of 48% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension was almost identical to that of the control (CK). Furthermore, investigations into potato black scurf disease symptoms and pest control at the stem base and tuber parts revealed that the 21% fluoxastrobin·thiamethoxam·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension showed the best control effect, with disease control efficacy of 89.71% and 82.14%, respectively, and pest control efficacy of 85.83%. The disease control efficacy was second best with 44% fluoxastrobin seed treatment suspension and 5% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension. The disease control efficacy of 48% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension was the worst, close to the control (CK) with almost no effect. Its insect control efficacy was lower than that of 21% fluoxastrobin·thiamethoxam·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension (69.29%), but significantly better than that of 44% fluoxastrobin seed treatment suspension and 5% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension.

[0068] Example 2: Field efficacy trials of different pesticides against garlic root rot and garlic maggots (a type of underground pest) 2.1 Test reagents and treatment Same as "Table 7 Test reagents and treatment".

[0069] 2.2 Test Methods Garlic variety tested: Jinxiang red-skinned garlic (the dominant variety in this region). Experimental site selection: The experimental site was located in Jinxiang, Shandong. The soil in the experimental field was medium loam with moderate and uniform fertility and a pH value of 6.3. Due to continuous cropping for many years, garlic root rot was severe.

[0070] Experimental Design: The experiment included five treatments: 21% fluoxastrobin·thiamethoxam·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension, 44% fluoxastrobin seed treatment suspension, 5% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension, 48% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension, and a water control (CK). All seeds were treated with the pesticides listed in Table 7 above, and all seeds were treated once before sowing and then dried. Each treatment was replicated three times, with each replicate plot measuring 60 m². 2 The arrangement is completely random. Sowing took place on September 24, 2024.

[0071] 2.3 Survey Methods Experimental survey: The emergence rate was investigated on October 9, 2024; the seedling mortality rate was investigated on January 25 (overwintering period) and March 28 (greening period) in 2025; the seedling growth was investigated on January 22, 2025; the pre-harvest growth was investigated on May 10; and the disease index and the underground pest garlic maggot were investigated before harvest on May 20. The control effect was calculated and the yield was measured on-site.

[0072] The specific investigation plan is as follows: Garlic emergence rate survey: When the emergence rate is greater than 60%, 15 days after sowing (October 9), a five-point sampling method is used in each plot, with 100 holes surveyed at each point, and the garlic emergence rate is counted.

[0073] Seedling mortality rate survey: Five-point sampling method for each plot, 120 plants were surveyed at each point in a row, the number of dead seedlings was recorded and the mortality rate was calculated.

[0074] Growth assessment: The growth of garlic was assessed in accordance with GB / T 23416.9-2009 "Technical Specifications for Safe Control of Vegetable Diseases and Pests Part 9: Allium". The growth assessment was based on CK with a score of 100, and the growth of each treatment was evaluated and analyzed from multiple aspects such as leaves, roots and bulbs.

[0075] Survey of underground pests, garlic maggots: On May 20, 2025 (harvest season), five-point sampling was conducted in each plot. Soil was dug at 30cm length, width, and depth, and then passed through a 30-mesh sieve. The number of garlic maggots in each treatment soil sample was investigated and analyzed.

[0076] Garlic root rot disease severity index survey: Five random sampling points were taken in each plot, and 30 garlic plants with uniform growth were selected at each point for investigation, for a total of 150 plants. The number of diseased plants at each level was recorded, and the disease index and control effect were calculated.

[0077] The classification standards for garlic root rot disease are as follows: Grade 0: Root plate intact, fibrous roots reddish, and dryness rate less than 1%; Grade 1: Root plate intact, fibrous roots reddish, dryness rate 1%~10%; Grade 3: Root plate rot <1 / 3, fibrous roots are red, and the rate of drying out is 11%~40%; Level 5: The root system is visibly damaged, with red rot in the fibrous roots and a drying rate of 41% to 90%. Level 7: Root plate rot, fibrous roots red rot, and over 90% dryness rate.

[0078] After statistically recording the diseased plants according to the relevant national field trial standards, the disease index, disease control effect, and insect control effect were calculated. The significance of the control effect was analyzed using Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT).

[0079] Emergence rate (%) = Number of seedlings germinating in one treatment / Total number of seedlings surveyed × 100 Mortality rate (%) = Number of dead seedlings / Total number of seedlings surveyed × 100 Disease index = 100 × ∑(number of diseased plants at each level × relative level value) / (highest disease level × total number of plants surveyed) Disease prevention efficacy (%) = (Disease index in control area - Disease index in drug-treated area) / Disease index in control area × 100 Insect control efficacy (%) = (Number of live insects in the control area - Number of live insects in the pesticide-treated area) / Number of live insects in the control area × 100 Yield survey: A five-point sampling method was used for each treatment, with a sample size of 2m at each point. 2 The yield of garlic was measured, and the average weight of a single garlic bulb and the average yield of fresh garlic bulbs per acre were calculated for each treatment.

[0080] One mu of fresh garlic (kg) = average yield per square meter (kg) × 667 × 90% (excluding impurities) Table 10. Effects of different seed treatments on garlic emergence safety and growth vigor.

[0081] Note: ① Lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), and uppercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.01).

[0082] Table 10 shows that after treating garlic seeds with the four pesticides, the garlic seedling emergence rate was best with 21% fluoxastrobin·thiamethoxam·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension at 98%, followed by 44% fluoxastrobin seed treatment suspension at 94.67%, 5% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension at 91.33%, and 48% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension at 89.33%. During the overwintering and greening stages, the seedling mortality rate of garlic plants was investigated. Compared with the control (CK), the garlic treated with 21% fluoxastrobin·thiamethoxam·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension had the lowest seedling mortality rate, and its overall growth (judged from the perspectives of garlic roots, vigorous growth, leaves, and bulbs) was also significantly better than the other treatments.

[0083] Table 11. Control effects of different seed treatments on garlic root rot and garlic maggots.

[0084] Note: ① Lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), and uppercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.01).

[0085] Table 11 shows that for controlling garlic root rot, the 21% fluoxastrobin·thiamethoxam·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension showed the best efficacy at 91.96%, followed by 44% fluoxastrobin seed treatment suspension at 85.72%, 5% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension at 70.06%, and 48% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension at 0.22%, with almost no effect. Similarly, for controlling the underground pest garlic maggot, the 21% fluoxastrobin·thiamethoxam·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension showed the most significant efficacy at 88.79%, followed by 48% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension at 67.24%, while the other two treatments showed the lowest efficacy, with almost no effect.

[0086] Table 12 Effects of different seed treatments on garlic yield

[0087] Note: ① Lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), and uppercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.01).

[0088] Table 12 shows that, through statistical analysis of the effects of different seed treatment agents on garlic yield, garlic treated with 21% fluoxastrobin·thiamethoxam·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension showed the best yield increase compared to other agents, with a yield increase rate of 34.11%. This was followed by 44% fluoxastrobin seed treatment suspension at 19.63%, 48% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension at 14.49%, and 5% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension at 10.75%.

[0089] Example 3: Field efficacy trials of different pesticides against ginger wilt disease and root-knot nematodes. 3.1 Test reagents and treatment Same as "Table 7 Test reagents and treatment".

[0090] 3.2 Test Methods Ginger variety tested: Small yellow ginger Experimental site selection: The experimental site was located in Kaili, Guizhou Province. The soil in the experimental field was sandy loam. The water and fertilizer management in the field was consistent, the fertility was uniform, the soil pH value was 6.5, and the previous crop was ginger.

[0091] Experimental Design: The experiment included five treatments: 21% fluoxastrobin·thiamethoxam·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension, 44% fluoxastrobin seed treatment suspension, 5% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension, 48% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension, and a water control (CK). All seeds were treated with the pesticides listed in Table 7 above, and all seeds were treated once before sowing and then dried. Each treatment was replicated three times, with each replicate plot measuring 50 m². 2300 ginger plants were planted, arranged completely randomly in each plot. Sowing took place on April 10, 2024.

[0092] 2.3 Survey Methods At harvest time, the number of ginger wilt disease-affected clumps in each plot was investigated, and the effectiveness of control measures was calculated. Experimental survey: The emergence rate was investigated on April 22, 2024; the number of ginger wilt disease-affected clumps in each plot was investigated on August 23 (young ginger harvest period) and October 27 (old ginger harvest period) in 2025; August 23 is also the peak period of the underground pest root-knot nematode. At the same time as the young ginger was harvested, the underground pest root-knot nematode was investigated and the control effect was calculated.

[0093] The specific investigation plan is as follows: Garlic emergence rate survey: When the emergence rate is greater than 60%, the ginger emergence rate is counted 12 days after sowing (April 22).

[0094] Investigation of root-knot nematodes, an underground pest: On August 23, 2025 (the harvest season for young ginger), five-point sampling was conducted in each plot. Soil was dug at 30cm length, width, and depth, and then passed through a 30-mesh sieve. The number of root-knot nematodes in each treatment soil sample was investigated and analyzed.

[0095] Ginger wilt disease disease index survey: Five random sampling points were taken in each plot, and 30 ginger plants with uniform growth were selected at each point for investigation, for a total of 150 plants. The number of diseased plants at each level was recorded, and the disease index and control effect were calculated.

[0096] By observing the symptoms of disease in individual plants, such as leaves, stems, and tubers, the severity of the disease can be assessed and the following classifications can be made for ginger wilt disease: Grade 0 (Healthy Plant): The entire plant shows no signs of disease, and the leaves are bright green. The plant is upright with thick stems; the tubers are not rotten, have no odor, and are growing normally. Grade 1 (slightly affected plants): Symptoms are only present on the lower 1-2 older leaves, with yellowing at the tips or edges of the leaves. The plants wilt but recover in the morning and evening. There are no obvious lesions on the stems or tubers, and the vascular bundles may occasionally show localized light brown discoloration. Level 2 (moderately diseased plants): 3-5 leaves in the middle and lower part of the plant wilt and turn yellow, and cannot recover in the morning and evening. The base of the stem is slightly brown and feels soft and rotten to the touch. Water-soaked brown spots appear on the local epidermis of the tuber. After cutting, the vascular bundles are brown and account for 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the tuber in length. There is no obvious odor. Level 3 (severely affected plants): More than 80% of the leaves of the entire plant are wilted and dried, with the leaves drooping and lying on the ground; the base of the stem is obviously brown and soft and rotten, and it is easy to break from the base. When the stem is squeezed, milky white bacterial ooze will ooze out. Most of the tuber epidermis is brown and rotten. After cutting it open, the vascular bundles are all brown, accounting for more than 1 / 2 of the tuber, with a sour smell. Some roots are rotten. Level 4 (and severely affected plants): All leaves of the plant are completely withered and fall off, the stems are collapsed or hollow and rotten; the tubers are completely rotten, the skin is cracked, the inside is pasty and covered with brown sticky liquid, with a strong sour smell, and the roots are completely necrotic.

[0097] After statistically recording the diseased plants according to the standard, the disease index, disease control effect, and insect control effect were calculated. The significance of the control effect was analyzed using Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT).

[0098] Emergence rate (%) = Number of seedlings germinating in one treatment / Total number of seedlings surveyed × 100 Mortality rate (%) = Number of dead seedlings / Total number of seedlings surveyed × 100 Disease index = 100 × ∑(number of diseased plants at each level × relative level value) / (highest disease level × total number of plants surveyed) Disease prevention efficacy (%) = (Disease index in control area - Disease index in drug-treated area) / Disease index in control area × 100 Insect control efficacy (%) = (Number of live insects in the control area - Number of live insects in the pesticide-treated area) / Number of live insects in the control area × 100 Table 13. Effects of different treatments on ginger emergence rate and control of ginger wilt and root-knot nematodes.

[0099] Note: Lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), and uppercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.01).

[0100] Observation of Table 13 shows that, among the four different pesticide treatments, the ginger seedling emergence rate was highest at 98% with the 21% fluoxastrobin·thiamethoxam·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension, followed by 96.33% with the 5% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension. The 44% fluoxastrobin seed treatment suspension was slightly higher than the 48% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension at 94.67% and 94% respectively, with little difference between the two. Next, the efficacy of 21% fluoxastrobin·thiamethoxam·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension on ginger wilt disease was investigated at the harvest times of young ginger and old ginger. The efficacy of 21% fluoxastrobin·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension on ginger was significantly better than the other three agents, with efficacy of 94.79% and 92.97%, respectively. The efficacy of 5% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension on ginger wilt disease was 88.6% and 82.57%, respectively. The efficacy of 44% fluoxastrobin seed treatment suspension on ginger wilt disease was 83.39% and 79.87%, respectively. The efficacy of 48% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension on ginger wilt disease was almost non-existent and comparable to the control (CK). In addition, during the harvesting period of young ginger, a survey of root-knot nematodes was conducted. The results showed that the 21% fluoxastrobin·thiamethoxam·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension had the best and most significant control effect on root-knot nematodes at 85.44%, followed by the 48% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension with a control effect of 62.14%. The 44% fluoxastrobin and 5% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspensions had almost no control effect on root-knot nematodes.

[0101] The seed treatment suspension of this invention, through the rational compounding of fluoxastrobin, thiamethoxam, and thiamethoxam, has been successfully tested in both indoor toxicity tests and field efficacy trials on target diseases such as potato black scurf, garlic root rot, and ginger wilt, as well as corresponding underground pests such as grubs, root maggots, and root-knot nematodes. These results demonstrate that the combination of these three active ingredients in a 5:1:15 ratio effectively controls the three diseases and underground pests mentioned in the invention, exhibiting synergistic effects. This significantly reduces the amount of pesticide used and the occurrence of phytotoxicity, meeting the current requirements for green, environmentally friendly, and sustainable plant protection. Therefore, it can be actively promoted and applied in agricultural production.

Claims

1. A seed treatment agent containing fluoxastrobin, thiamethoxam, and thiamethoxam, characterized in that: The seed treatment agent mainly consists of active ingredients and adjuvants that are permitted to be added in agricultural production; the active ingredients of the seed treatment agent include fluoxastrobin, thiamethoxam, and thiamethoxam.

2. The seed treatment agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the active ingredients fluoxastrobin, thiamethoxam, and thiamethoxam is 1~20:1~10:1~30.

3. The seed treatment agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preferred mass ratio of the active ingredients fluoxastrobin, thiamethoxam, and thiamethoxam is 1~10:1~5:1~20.

4. The seed treatment agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed treatment agent can be prepared as a seed treatment suspension, a seed treatment emulsion, a seed treatment dry powder, a seed treatment soluble agent, and a seed treatment soluble powder.

5. The seed treatment agent according to claim 4, characterized in that: The seed treatment agent is preferably prepared as a seed treatment suspension.

6. The seed treatment agent according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The permitted additives for agricultural production include one or more of the following: wetting agents, dispersants, penetrants, antifreeze agents, preservatives, defoamers, thickeners, colorants, film-forming agents, pH adjusters, and deionized water.

7. The seed treatment agent according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The seed treatment agent consists of the following components and their weight percentages: 1%~40% active ingredient, 1%~8% wetting agent, 1%~6% dispersant, 1%~5% penetrant, 3%~5% antifreeze, 0.3%~0.5% preservative, 0.3%~1% defoamer, 0.15%~0.3% thickener, 3%~24% colorant, 1%~3% film-forming agent, 0.2%~2% pH adjuster, and deionized water to make up to 100%.

8. The method for preparing the seed treatment agent according to claim 7, characterized in that: The active ingredients, auxiliary ingredients (excluding film-forming agents and colorants), deionized water, and other components are stirred and milled for 1.5 hours, then filtered to obtain white slurry. Film-forming agents and colorants are then added according to the formula ratio and homogenized and stirred until evenly mixed before being discharged.

9. The use of the seed treatment agent according to any one of claims 1-7 for crop seed treatment, characterized in that: The seed treatment agent is used on the seeds of crops such as wheat, corn, potato, peanut, ginger, rice, soybean, garlic, and rapeseed to prevent and control seed-borne or soil-borne underground diseases and pests.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The preferred crops are potatoes, ginger, and garlic; the preferred diseases are potato black scurf, ginger wilt, and garlic root rot; and the preferred pests are grubs, root-knot nematodes, and garlic maggots.

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