Multi-source energy cooperative capture management method and device for riding tool

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-source energy cooperative capture management method and device for a riding tool, and belongs to the technical field of urban low-carbon traffic. The device comprises a photovoltaic power generation subsystem, a sound energy power generation subsystem, a hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem and an energy storage and intelligent control subsystem which are electrically connected with a central controller. The central controller performs mutual exclusion and priority scheduling control on the plurality of energy capture subsystems based on the brake signal and the charge state of the lithium battery pack: when the brake signal is detected, only the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem is started, and other energy sources are suspended; and when the braking signal is not detected, photovoltaic, hydraulic and sound energy subsystems are scheduled to operate according to the charge state interval and the preset priority, and orderly collaboration and safe storage of multi-source energy are achieved. According to the scheme, the energy utilization efficiency and the system operation stability are improved, and the method is suitable for energy self-supply management of urban riding tools.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The embodiment of the present application relates to the technical field of urban low-carbon transportation, in particular to a multi-source energy cooperative capturing management method and device for a riding tool. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of urban low-carbon transportation and energy self-consistent system, the energy supply mode of the riding tool is facing multiple challenges such as endurance capability, energy diversity and environmental friendliness. The traditional electric power-assisted vehicle mainly relies on the lithium battery charged by the power grid, which has the problems of single energy source, long-distance riding endurance anxiety and aggravation of urban power grid load; at the same time, the noise pollution in the urban transportation environment is increasingly serious, and the traditional governance method is usually only regarded as a cost center, and cannot realize energy utilization.

[0003] In the prior art, there are many attempts to improve the energy autonomy of the riding tool: some technologies add flexible solar panels to the vehicle body to charge the vehicle battery, but the energy source only depends on light, and the endurance capability is greatly reduced in rainy weather or at night, and the braking energy and environmental noise energy are not recycled; some technologies disclose a road sound barrier based on piezoelectric materials, which can convert traffic noise vibration into electric energy, but the device is a fixed roadside facility and cannot provide power for the riding tool in motion, and the initial construction and maintenance cost is high; some technologies design a hydraulic energy recovery hub for bicycles, which can recover part of the braking energy, but the system is a closed hydraulic circuit, the energy conversion efficiency is limited, and it does not form a synergistic complement with photovoltaic, sound energy and other energy forms; some technologies introduce a bicycle braking energy recovery system based on supercapacitors, which has fast response speed but limited energy storage, and usually needs to be used with lithium batteries, and the energy management strategy is simple and cannot adapt to the complex riding conditions in the city.

[0004] In summary, although the prior art has made some progress in the capture or recovery of a single energy source, there are still problems such as single energy dimension, lack of cooperation between systems, and separation of environmental governance and energy regeneration, and there is an urgent need for a comprehensive solution that can deeply integrate multiple energy sources, have intelligent dynamic management capability, and organically integrate environmental governance and energy regeneration. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the technical problems of the prior art that the energy source of the riding tool is single, the multi-source energy lacks a cooperative capturing mechanism, the noise governance is only a cost center, and the energy management strategy is static and fixed, the present application provides a multi-source energy cooperative capturing management method and device for a riding tool. The technical solution is as follows: In one aspect, a multi-source energy cooperative capture management device for a riding tool is provided, comprising a photovoltaic power generation subsystem, an acoustic energy power generation subsystem, a hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem and an energy storage and intelligent control subsystem mounted on a frame (9), each of the subsystems being electrically connected to the energy storage and intelligent control subsystem; The energy storage and intelligent control subsystem comprises a lithium battery pack (5) and a central controller, and the central controller is configured to: When a braking signal is detected, only the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem is started and the photovoltaic power generation subsystem and the acoustic energy power generation subsystem are suspended; When no braking signal is detected, the photovoltaic power generation subsystem, the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem and the acoustic energy power generation subsystem are controlled according to a preset priority based on the state of charge of the lithium battery pack (5); to realize mutual exclusion and priority cooperative operation among the multiple energy capture subsystems.

[0006] Optionally, the photovoltaic power generation subsystem is arranged on the curved surface of the frame (9), the acoustic energy power generation subsystem is mounted on the part of the vehicle that is easy to contact sound waves, and the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem is in transmission connection with the front wheel (8) or the rear wheel (3) of the vehicle; The photovoltaic power generation subsystem is a flexible single-junction perovskite photovoltaic module (1) with a weak light conversion efficiency of not less than 20% and an effective area of 0.5m 2 ~1m 2 , and integrates a maximum power point tracking algorithm based on the perturb and observe method.

[0007] Optionally, the acoustic energy power generation subsystem is coupled by a gradient porosity acoustic metamaterial and a piezoelectric-friction composite device (7); The acoustic metamaterial has a high-efficiency response band in the frequency range of 200Hz-1200Hz, and the piezoelectric-friction composite device (7) is used to convert vibration energy into electrical energy; The piezoelectric-friction composite device (7) comprises a diaphragm structure, a piezoelectric unit and a shunt electromagnetic diaphragm assembly, the diaphragm structure drives the piezoelectric unit to generate piezoelectric output and drives the shunt electromagnetic diaphragm assembly to generate electromagnetic induction output in a magnetic field under the action of acoustic pressure.

[0008] Optionally, the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem comprises a micro axial piston pump (2), an air bag accumulator and a hydraulic motor (4), the hydraulic motor (4) is coaxially connected with the micro axial piston pump (2) to have a permanent magnet generator (6) for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, and the displacement of the micro axial piston pump (2) linearly changes with the braking pressure signal to realize linkage adjustment of braking intensity and energy recovery intensity.

[0009] Optionally, the central controller integrates a control algorithm, which is an LSTM neural network algorithm, with a scheduling error of <3% and a response delay of ≤50 ms, and detects the available state of each energy source at a frequency of 10 Hz; the energy capture priority set by the central controller is: photovoltaic power generation system > hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem > acoustic energy power generation system.

[0010] Optionally, the lithium battery pack (5) is a power battery for an electric riding tool, and the lithium battery pack (5) is electrically connected to the central controller. The central controller regulates the system working mode based on the real-time state of charge (SOC) of the lithium battery pack (5), specifically: When SOC < 30%, enter the emergency energy supplement mode, only maintain the power supply of the core sensing and control circuit, cut off unnecessary loads, and allow trickle charging of each energy source; When 30%≤SOC < 80%, enter the intelligent capture mode, and capture energy according to the preset priority; When SOC≥80%, enter the high-charge maintenance mode, turn off the photovoltaic power generation system and the acoustic energy power generation system, and only keep the brake recovery function of the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem.

[0011] Optionally, the start-stop threshold of the photovoltaic power generation system is: light intensity ≥200W / m 2 Start, ≤50W / m 2 Stop; The start-stop threshold of the acoustic energy power generation system is: noise ≥75dB start, ≤65dB stop; The start condition of the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem is: brake pressure ≥0.5MPa, the upper limit of the pressure charging of the air bag accumulator is 18MPa, and the lower limit of the pressure relief is 6MPa.

[0012] Optionally, the piezoelectric-friction composite device (7) adopts a modular interface design, supports replacement with an electromagnetic diaphragm, and the central controller reserves a communication interface to support optimization of priority arbitration rules through firmware updates.

[0013] On the other hand, a multi-source energy cooperative capture and management method based on the above device is provided, comprising: After system initialization, the central controller real-time collects the SOC value of the lithium battery pack (5), the brake signal, the light intensity, and the environmental noise decibel value; When the brake signal is detected, start the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem, and suspend the energy capture of the photovoltaic power generation system and the acoustic energy power generation system; When the brake signal is not detected, switch to the corresponding working mode according to the SOC value, and start the corresponding energy capture subsystem according to the preset priority rule; The photovoltaic energy conversion system, the acoustic energy conversion system and the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem convert the captured energy into electric energy, and then the voltage is adjusted by a DC-DC conversion circuit, and the electric energy is stored in the lithium battery pack (5) according to the charging and discharging rules. The central controller cyclically detects each state signal, dynamically adjusts the energy capture and storage strategy, and updates the system working state.

[0014] Optionally, when the brake signal is not detected, the energy capture strategy under different working conditions is as follows: In the acceleration / constant speed working condition, the photovoltaic energy conversion system is preferentially started, and the acoustic energy conversion system is started synchronously when the noise reaches the standard; In the parking and static working condition, only the acoustic energy conversion system is started, the comprehensive conversion efficiency of the hydraulic-mechanical-electric energy of the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem is not less than 85%, and the noise reduction amount of the acoustic energy conversion system is greater than or equal to 15 dB.

[0015] The application discloses a multi-source energy cooperative capture management method and device for a riding tool, the device comprising a photovoltaic energy conversion system, an acoustic energy conversion system, a hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem and an energy storage and intelligent control subsystem, each of the subsystems being electrically connected with a central controller. The central controller performs mutual exclusion and priority scheduling control on the multiple energy capture subsystems based on a brake signal and a state of charge of a lithium battery pack: when the brake signal is detected, only the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem is started and other energy sources are suspended; when the brake signal is not detected, the photovoltaic, hydraulic and acoustic energy subsystems are scheduled to operate according to a preset priority according to the state of charge interval, so that the multi-source energy is cooperatively captured and safely stored in an orderly manner. The scheme improves the energy utilization efficiency and the system operation stability, and is suitable for energy self-supply management of urban riding tools. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a multifunctional bicycle model structure diagram; Figure 2 It is a multi-source energy cooperative capture and management system working flowchart; Figure 3 It is a structure diagram of the series composite noise reduction device of the porous material layer and the shunt electromagnetic vibration film. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0018] In this paper, "a plurality of" refers to two or more. The association relationship of the associated objects is described as "and / or", which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which means that there are three cases of A alone, A and B together, and B alone. The character " / " generally represents an "or" relationship between the front and rear associated objects.

[0019] Example 1 This application provides a multi-source energy collaborative capture and management device for cycling tools, including a photovoltaic power generation system, an acoustic power generation system, a hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem, and an energy storage and intelligent control subsystem installed on the frame (9), and each subsystem is electrically connected to the energy storage and intelligent control subsystem.

[0020] The photovoltaic power generation system is fitted to the curved surface of the vehicle frame (9), the acoustic power generation system is installed in the part of the vehicle that is easily exposed to sound waves, and the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem is connected to the front wheel (8) or rear wheel (3) of the vehicle.

[0021] The energy storage and intelligent control subsystem includes a lithium battery pack (5) and a central controller. The central controller is electrically connected to the photovoltaic power generation system, the acoustic power generation system and the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem, respectively, and is used to uniformly schedule and manage each energy capture subsystem.

[0022] The central controller has mutually exclusive and priority-based coordinated control functions, specifically: When a braking signal is detected, the central controller only activates the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem, while simultaneously sending a pause command to the photovoltaic power generation system and the acoustic power generation system to stop energy capture, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of energy recovery during braking. When no braking signal is detected, the central controller performs priority scheduling control on the photovoltaic power generation system, the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem and the acoustic power generation system according to the state of charge (SOC) of the lithium battery pack (5) and environmental parameters, so as to realize the mutual exclusion and priority cooperative operation between multiple sources.

[0023] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 An example is provided.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the frame (9) provides a mounting carrier for each subsystem. The photovoltaic power generation system is closely fitted to the curved surface of the frame (9) to maximize the use of the light area during riding.

[0025] The acoustic energy generation system is preferably installed on the handlebars, sides of the frame, or other areas where sound waves are easily accessible, to ensure effective capture of urban traffic noise.

[0026] The hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem is connected to the front wheel (8) or the rear wheel (3) through a transmission structure to realize the conversion of wheel kinetic energy and hydraulic energy.

[0027] The lithium battery pack (5) in the energy storage and intelligent control subsystem is fixed in the middle of the frame (9), the central controller is integrated on the side of the lithium battery pack (5), and is electrically connected with the sensors and execution components of the other three subsystems through wires, so as to collect state signals such as light intensity, noise decibel value, brake pressure, battery SOC in real time, and control the start-stop and power distribution of each subsystem according to the preset rules.

[0028] Therefore, through the above control logic, the embodiment realizes the operation constraint and collaborative scheduling among multiple energy sources, rather than a simple parallel power generation structure, thereby improving the overall stability and energy utilization efficiency of the system. When a brake signal is detected, only the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem is started and the other energy sources are suspended; when no brake signal is detected, the photovoltaic, hydraulic and acoustic energy subsystems are operated according to the preset priority in the state of charge interval, realizing the orderly collaboration and safe storage of multiple energy sources. This scheme improves the energy utilization efficiency and system operation stability, and is suitable for energy self-supply management of urban riding tools.

[0029] Embodiment 2 In a possible implementation, the photovoltaic power generation subsystem is a flexible single-junction perovskite photovoltaic module (1) with a weak light conversion efficiency of not less than 20%, an effective area of 0.5m 2 ~1m 2 , and a maximum power point tracking algorithm based on the perturb and observe method, which samples the voltage and current every 1 second and adjusts the duty cycle.

[0030] Among them, the photovoltaic power generation subsystem adopts a flexible single-junction perovskite photovoltaic module (1) which has good flexibility and can completely fit the curved surface profile of the frame (9), with an effective area of 0.7m 2 , ensuring maximum light reception in the limited space of the riding tool. Its weak light conversion efficiency reaches 20%, so it can still generate electricity stably in weak light environments such as overcast days and tree shade. The module is integrated with an MPPT (maximum power point tracking) algorithm based on the perturb and observe method, which samples the output voltage and current every 1 second, and adjusts the duty cycle through a step-by-step circuit to make the photovoltaic module always work near the maximum power point, greatly improving the energy capture efficiency in weak light and rapidly changing light conditions.

[0031] Therefore, the output end of the photovoltaic module is electrically connected with the central controller, and the output power is adjusted by the central controller according to the state of charge and ambient light intensity. When the system is in a high power retention mode or a brake signal is detected, the central controller suspends the output of the photovoltaic power generation subsystem to avoid energy management conflicts caused by simultaneous operation of multiple sources.

[0032] By linking the photovoltaic power generation and the central controller scheduling logic, the photovoltaic system not only exists as an independent energy module, but also participates in the overall collaborative control system.

[0033] Embodiment 3 In a possible implementation, the sound energy generating electronic system is composed of a gradient porosity acoustic metamaterial and a piezoelectric-friction composite device (7), the acoustic metamaterial has a high-efficiency response band in a frequency range of 200 Hz-1200 Hz, and the piezoelectric-friction composite device (7) is used to convert vibration energy into electric energy.

[0034] The sound energy generating electronic system adopts a coupling structure of a gradient porosity acoustic metamaterial and a piezoelectric-friction composite device (7), the gradient porosity design makes the acoustic metamaterial form a flat high-efficiency response band in the main frequency range (200 Hz-1200 Hz) of urban traffic noise, and the acoustic metamaterial can be passively matched to most vehicle noise and wind noise without active tuning. When environmental noise acts on the acoustic metamaterial, the acoustic metamaterial vibrates, the vibration is transmitted to the piezoelectric-friction composite device (7) through structural coupling, the piezoelectric ceramic sheet generates a piezoelectric effect due to vibration, and the triboelectric nanogenerator generates a triboelectric effect due to contact separation, and the two work together to efficiently convert vibration energy into electric energy.

[0035] Therefore, the embodiment of the present application realizes the integration of sound absorption and noise reduction and energy capture, converts noise into usable electric energy while achieving a noise reduction of ≥15 dB, changes noise treatment from a pure cost expenditure to an energy regeneration process with positive returns, and solves the problem of no economic returns of traditional noise reduction technology.

[0036] Further, as shown in Figure 3 Fig. 2 is a specific structural form of the piezoelectric-friction composite device (7) in the sound energy generating electronic system of the present application, that is, a porous material layer and a shunt electromagnetic diaphragm are connected in series with a noise reduction device.

[0037] The piezoelectric-friction composite device (7) includes a diaphragm structure, a piezoelectric unit, and a shunt electromagnetic diaphragm assembly. The diaphragm structure generates periodic vibration under the action of sound pressure.

[0038] When the diaphragm vibrates: a first path: the piezoelectric unit is driven to generate a piezoelectric output signal; a second path: the shunt electromagnetic diaphragm assembly cuts magnetic lines of force in a magnetic field to generate an electromagnetic induction electromotive force. The piezoelectric output and the electromagnetic output are merged through a shunt circuit and then output to a central controller.

[0039] The central controller decides whether to allow the sound energy system to output electric energy according to the current operating mode. When the system is in a braking recovery priority mode or a high electric quantity maintenance mode, the central controller suspends the sound energy output to realize mutual exclusion of multiple sources. Through the piezoelectric and electromagnetic double-path series coupling structure, the embodiment improves the sound-to-electricity conversion efficiency while enabling the sound energy system to participate in the overall dispatching control system, forming a double synergistic relationship of structural coupling and control coupling.

[0040] Further, the device sequentially includes a porous material layer, a diaphragm structure, a shunt electromagnetic diaphragm assembly, a coil structure, and a shunt circuit along the sound wave propagation direction.

[0041] The porous material layer is an acoustic absorption material with gradient porosity, used for primary absorption and sound pressure attenuation of incident sound waves, forming a stable sound pressure gradient field inside the structure and improving the energy coupling efficiency of sound waves on the diaphragm surface. The porous material layer also constitutes an acoustic impedance matching structure, allowing the sound wave to be effectively transmitted to the rear diaphragm structure.

[0042] The diaphragm structure generates periodic vibration under the action of sound pressure, converting acoustic energy into mechanical vibration energy. The diaphragm is coupled to the piezoelectric unit, generating a piezoelectric effect and outputting an electric signal during vibration.

[0043] The shunt electromagnetic diaphragm assembly includes a vibrating conductor structure and a magnetic field unit. The vibrating conductor moves periodically in the magnetic field, cutting the magnetic force lines to generate an induced electromotive force, achieving electromagnetic induction power generation. The electromagnetic diaphragm and the piezoelectric unit form a series composite structure, allowing mechanical vibration energy to simultaneously excite both piezoelectric conversion and electromagnetic conversion mechanisms.

[0044] The coil and the shunt electromagnetic diaphragm form an electromagnetic coupling unit, with its output connected to the shunt circuit. The shunt circuit is used for rectification, filtering, and current combining of the electrical energy generated by the piezoelectric unit and the electromagnetic unit.

[0045] In the equivalent circuit model, the shunt circuit can be equivalent to a tuning circuit structure containing resistance Rs (equivalent series resistance), inductance Ls (equivalent series inductance), and capacitance Cs (equivalent series capacitance). Wherein: Rs represents the equivalent resistance formed by the conductors and the load in the system; Ls represents the equivalent inductance formed by the coil and the conductor structure; Cs represents the equivalent capacitance formed by the piezoelectric unit and the parasitic capacitance.

[0046] By matching the parameters of Rs, Ls, and Cs, the electrical tuning of the acoustic vibration signal in a specific frequency range can be achieved, improving the acoustic-electric conversion efficiency.

[0047] The above-mentioned series composite noise reduction device of the porous material layer and the shunt electromagnetic diaphragm realizes efficient capture of sound energy and output of electrical energy through the multi-stage energy coupling path of "acoustic absorption-mechanical vibration-piezoelectric conversion-electromagnetic conversion-circuit tuning", and simultaneously realizes the function of environmental noise attenuation during energy conversion.

[0048] The device, as the core acoustic-electric conversion module of the sound energy generation system, is electrically connected to the energy storage and intelligent control subsystem shown in Figure 1 The output electrical energy is adjusted by the DC-DC conversion circuit and then flows into the lithium battery pack (5) for storage.

[0049] Embodiment 4 In a possible implementation, the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem includes a micro axial piston pump (2), an air bag accumulator and a hydraulic motor (4), the surface of the micro axial piston pump (2) adopts a bionic shark skin texture, the displacement of the micro axial piston pump (2) is linearly controlled by a brake master cylinder pressure signal, and the hydraulic motor (4) is coaxially connected with the micro axial piston pump (2) and has a permanent magnet generator (6) for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0050] The core components of the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem are the micro axial piston pump (2), the air bag accumulator and the hydraulic motor (4), the surface of the micro axial piston pump (2) is copied with a bionic shark skin texture, effectively reducing the hydraulic loss in the flow process of the hydraulic oil. When the rider brakes, the brake master cylinder outputs a pressure signal, and the displacement of the micro axial piston pump (2) changes linearly with the pressure signal, realizing the linear braking experience of “light braking and small recovery, heavy braking and large recovery”. During braking, the wheel kinetic energy drives the micro axial piston pump (2) to press the hydraulic oil into the air bag accumulator to store as hydraulic potential energy, and when energy needs to be released, the hydraulic oil drives the hydraulic motor (4) to rotate, and the permanent magnet generator (6) coaxially connected with the hydraulic motor (4) converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0051] The displacement of the micro axial piston pump (2) changes linearly with the brake master cylinder pressure signal, so that the hydraulic energy recovery intensity and the braking intensity form a linkage relationship.

[0052] When the braking signal is detected, the central controller triggers the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem to enter the working state, and suspends the operation of other energy capture subsystems.

[0053] The hydraulic motor (4) drives the permanent magnet generator (6) to generate electricity, and the generated electrical energy is adjusted by a DC-DC circuit and then merged into a lithium battery pack (5).

[0054] By binding the hydraulic recovery and the control logic, the embodiment ensures that the energy recovery in the braking condition has priority and independence, so as to realize the mutually exclusive and collaborative operation, Therefore, in the embodiment of the application, the bionic design reduces the system energy loss, the linearly controlled displacement adjustment takes into account the braking safety and the energy recovery efficiency, the comprehensive conversion efficiency of hydraulic-mechanical-electrical energy is optimized to be more than 85%, the braking kinetic energy is efficiently recovered, and the defects of the waste of braking energy of the traditional riding tool are compensated.

[0055] Embodiment 5 In one possible implementation, the central controller integrates a control algorithm which is an LSTM neural network algorithm, the scheduling error is less than 3%, the response delay is less than or equal to 50 ms, and the available state of each energy source is detected at a frequency of 10 Hz; the energy capture priority set by the central controller is: photovoltaic power generation subsystem > hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem > acoustic energy power generation subsystem.

[0056] The central controller is built-in with an LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) neural network algorithm which is trained based on complex working condition data of urban cycling and can accurately predict changes in energy supply and demand, with a scheduling error controlled within 3% and a response delay of no more than 50 ms, ensuring the real-time and accuracy of energy regulation. The central controller continuously detects the available state signals of photovoltaic light intensity, environmental noise decibel value, hydraulic braking pressure and other energy sources at a frequency of 10 Hz, and sets a fixed energy capture priority: the photovoltaic power generation subsystem has the highest priority, the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem has the second priority, and the acoustic energy power generation subsystem has the lowest priority. The priority is determined based on energy density, energy storage adaptability and cycling working condition requirements.

[0057] The central controller divides the operation mode based on the SOC interval, and adopts different priority scheduling strategies in different modes.

[0058] Low SOC interval: allows multi-source parallel operation to quickly supplement energy; Medium SOC interval: operates in the preset priority order; High SOC interval: limits the operation of photovoltaic and acoustic energy, and only retains the hydraulic braking recovery function.

[0059] Through mode division and priority linkage control, the embodiment forms a multi-condition coupled scheduling mechanism rather than a simple energy superposition.

[0060] Therefore, in the embodiment of the application, the integration of the LSTM algorithm realizes the breakthrough of energy management from "static configuration" to "dynamic optimization", high-frequency detection and fast response ensure that the system can adapt to the complex and variable cycling working conditions in the city, and the setting of priority rules guarantees the efficiency of energy capture, solving the problem of rigid and poor adaptability of traditional energy management strategies.

[0061] Embodiment 6 In one possible implementation, the lithium battery pack (5) is a power battery for an electric cycling tool.

[0062] Therefore, the lithium battery pack (5) in the energy storage and intelligent control subsystem adopts a specification of 48V / 15Ah to provide stable energy storage and output for the system, the upper limit of the charging voltage is set to 58.8V, the discharge cutoff voltage is 39.0V, the continuous charging current is not more than 5A, and the continuous discharging current is not more than 15A, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the battery.

[0063] The central controller operates in the real-time state of charge (SOC) regulation system based on the lithium battery pack (5), as follows.

[0064] When SOC < 30% (when SOC is below the first threshold), the system enters emergency power replenishment mode, maintaining power supply only to the core sensing and control circuits, cutting off unnecessary loads, and allowing trickle charging from various energy sources. Thus, the system enters emergency power replenishment mode, cutting off unnecessary loads such as auxiliary lights and large display screens, maintaining power supply only to the core sensing and control circuits, and allowing trickle charging from photovoltaic, acoustic, and hydraulic sources to avoid over-discharge of the battery.

[0065] When 30%≤SOC<80% (when SOC is in the middle range), the system enters the intelligent capture mode and captures each energy source in a coordinated manner according to the priority of "photovoltaic > hydraulic > acoustic energy".

[0066] When SOC ≥ 80% (when SOC is higher than the second threshold), it enters the high power retention mode, shuts down the photovoltaic power generation system and the acoustic power generation system, retains only the braking recovery function of the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem, and the recovered electrical energy is no longer charged into the battery until SOC drops below 85%.

[0067] The above mode switching directly corresponds to the mutual exclusion and priority-based collaborative operation mechanism in Implementation Example 1.

[0068] Therefore, the battery parameter settings specified in the embodiments of this application ensure the safety and service life of the energy storage system. The three-stage working mode based on SOC realizes the refined management of the battery, which not only avoids damage to the battery by overcharging and discharging, but also maximizes the utilization of each energy source, solving the problems of extensive management, short battery life and insufficient energy utilization in traditional energy storage systems.

[0069] Example 7 In one possible implementation, the start-stop threshold for the photovoltaic power generation system is: irradiance ≥ 200 W / m². 2 Start-up, ≤50W / m 2 Stop; The start-stop thresholds for the acoustic energy generation electronic system are: start at noise ≥75dB and stop at ≤65dB; The start-up conditions for the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem are: braking pressure ≥0.5MPa, upper limit of airbag accumulator charging pressure is 18MPa, and lower limit of pressure relief is 6MPa.

[0070] Specifically, the central controller sets clear start / stop thresholds and operating parameters for the photovoltaic power generation system, the acoustic power generation system, and the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem. The photovoltaic power generation system detects ambient light intensity using a light sensor; when the light intensity is ≥200W / m²... 2 Power generation starts when the light intensity is ≤50W / m 2The system stops when the noise level is low to avoid energy loss caused by inefficient power generation under low light conditions. The acoustic energy generation system detects ambient noise through a noise sensor. When the noise level is ≥75dB, energy capture is activated, and when the noise level is ≤65dB, it stops, ensuring that it only operates in an effective noise environment. The hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem detects braking pressure through a pressure sensor. When the braking pressure is ≥0.5MPa, the recovery function is activated. The upper limit of the charging pressure of the airbag accumulator is set to 18MPa, and the lower limit of the pressure relief is 6MPa, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the hydraulic system and avoiding excessively high or low pressure from affecting the recovery efficiency.

[0071] Therefore, in this embodiment, the precise start-stop threshold and pressure parameter settings ensure that each subsystem operates only under effective conditions, avoiding energy loss caused by ineffective operation, improving the overall energy efficiency of the system, and ensuring the operational safety of each subsystem. This solves the problem of traditional energy capture systems lacking clear start-stop criteria and operating inefficiently.

[0072] Example 8 In one possible implementation, the piezoelectric-triboelectric composite device (7) adopts a modular interface design, supports replacement with an electromagnetic diaphragm, and the central controller has a reserved communication interface to support optimization of priority arbitration rules through firmware updates.

[0073] Among them, the piezoelectric-triboelectric composite device (7) in the acoustic energy generation system adopts a standardized modular interface design. When it is necessary to adapt to different noise environments or improve the acoustic-electric conversion efficiency, it can be directly replaced with other types of acoustic-electric conversion devices such as electromagnetic diaphragms without modifying other structures of the system. The central controller has reserved wired or wireless communication interfaces. Users can update the controller firmware through this interface and adjust the priority arbitration rules of energy capture according to actual riding needs to achieve flexible expansion of system functions.

[0074] It is evident that the modular interface design enhances the versatility and maintainability of the device, while the reserved communication interface supports firmware updates, enabling the system to adapt to different usage scenarios and changing needs. This solves the problem of the fixed structure and inflexible adjustment of traditional devices, extending the service life and application scope of the device.

[0075] Example 9 On the other hand, a device-based method for multi-source energy collaborative capture and management is provided, including: S1, After system initialization, the central controller collects the SOC value, braking signal, light intensity and ambient noise decibel value of the lithium battery pack (5) in real time; Specifically, after system initialization, the central controller collects the SOC value, braking signal, light intensity and ambient noise decibel value of the lithium battery pack (5) in real time. After the system is powered on, it first completes initialization and the central controller starts each sensor module, including the battery SOC sensor, braking pressure sensor, light sensor and noise sensor, to collect various status signals in real time at high frequency, providing data support for subsequent energy regulation and ensuring the accuracy of decision-making.

[0076] S2, when a braking signal is detected, the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem is activated, and the energy capture of the photovoltaic power generation system and the acoustic power generation system is suspended; Specifically, when a braking signal is detected, the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem is activated, and the energy capture of the photovoltaic and acoustic energy generation systems is suspended. Once the central controller detects a braking signal with a braking pressure ≥0.5MPa, it immediately triggers the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem to start, while suspending photovoltaic and acoustic energy capture. Priority is given to recovering the large amount of kinetic energy generated during braking, avoiding energy loss caused by multi-source capture conflicts, and ensuring braking safety and recovery efficiency.

[0077] S3, when no braking signal is detected, switch the corresponding working mode according to the SOC value and start the corresponding energy capture subsystem according to the preset priority rules; Specifically, when no braking signal is detected, the corresponding working mode is switched according to the SOC value, and the corresponding energy capture subsystem is started according to the preset priority rules. When there is no braking signal, the central controller switches to emergency replenishment, intelligent capture or high charge retention mode according to the real-time SOC value, and then starts the corresponding subsystem according to the priority of "photovoltaic > hydraulic > acoustic energy" to ensure that energy capture is adapted to the battery status.

[0078] S4, the photovoltaic power generation system, the acoustic power generation system and the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem convert the captured energy into electrical energy, and then the voltage is regulated by the DC-DC conversion circuit and fed into the lithium battery pack (5) for storage according to the charging and discharging rules; Specifically, the photovoltaic power generation system, the acoustic power generation system and the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem convert the captured energy into electrical energy, and then the voltage is adjusted by the DC-DC conversion circuit and fed into the lithium battery pack (5) for storage according to the charging and discharging rules. The electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic module, the piezoelectric-triboelectric composite device (7) and the permanent magnet generator (6) has inconsistent voltage. It needs to be uniformly adjusted by the multi-input DC-DC conversion circuit to meet the charging and discharging requirements of the lithium battery pack (5) and then fed into the battery for storage according to the set charging and discharging current and voltage rules to avoid voltage instability damaging the battery.

[0079] S5, the central controller cyclically detects various status signals, dynamically adjusts the energy capture and storage strategy, and updates the system's operating status.

[0080] Specifically, the central controller continuously monitors various status signals, dynamically adjusts the energy capture and storage strategy, and updates the system's operating status. The central controller continuously collects various signals at a frequency of 10Hz, dynamically adjusts the start-up and shutdown of each subsystem and the power distribution according to changes in environmental parameters and battery status, ensuring that the system is always in the optimal operating state, and updates the system's operating status data in real time for easy monitoring by users.

[0081] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The flowchart of the multi-source energy collaborative capture and management system for cycling tools shows the complete logical control process from initialization to energy distribution and storage after the device is powered on. It clearly presents the hierarchical and working condition dynamic control logic of the central controller based on braking signals, the state of charge (SOC) of the lithium battery pack (5) and environmental parameters. It is the core execution basis for the energy storage and intelligent control subsystem to realize multi-source energy collaborative scheduling.

[0082] The process begins with the system startup and the initialization of the sensor module and control unit. First, it checks whether the braking signal is triggered. If it is triggered, the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem is forcibly started to recover braking energy and the photovoltaic and acoustic energy capture is suspended. If it is not triggered, it enters the lithium battery pack (5) SOC value judgment stage. According to SOC < 30%, 30% ≤ SOC ≤ 80%, and SOC ≥ 80%, it switches to emergency energy replenishment, intelligent capture, and high power maintenance modes respectively. In the intelligent capture mode, the environmental conditions such as light and noise are further judged, and the corresponding energy capture subsystem is started according to the preset priority. Finally, all captured energy enters the energy distribution and storage processing stage. At the same time, the system continuously updates the working status and cyclically detects various signals to achieve dynamic intelligent control of all working conditions.

[0083] Regarding the corresponding method steps S1, system initialization and signal acquisition, Figure 2 Starting with system startup, the initialization of the sensor module and control unit is completed first. After initialization, the central controller collects the core status signals of the lithium battery pack (5) in real time, such as the state of charge (SOC), braking signal B, ambient light intensity, and ambient noise decibel value, to provide data support for subsequent energy regulation decisions. This step lays the data foundation for the execution of the entire method.

[0084] Regarding the braking signal detection and hydraulic recovery start-up in step S2 of the corresponding method, after the central controller completes signal acquisition, it first performs the trigger judgment of braking signal B. If the braking signal trigger is detected, the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem is directly and forcibly started to recover braking energy. At the same time, the energy capture actions of the photovoltaic power generation system and the acoustic power generation system are suspended to ensure that the wheel kinetic energy is recovered first under braking conditions and to avoid energy loss caused by multi-source capture conflicts.

[0085] Regarding the SOC mode switching and environmental condition judgment in step S3 when there is no braking, if no braking signal is detected, the central controller enters the SOC value judgment stage of the lithium battery pack (5), divides the SOC value into three intervals and switches the corresponding working mode: when SOC < 30%, it enters the emergency energy replenishment mode and captures energy at full load from three sources; when 30% ≤ SOC ≤ 80%, it enters the intelligent capture mode and further performs the judgment of light conditions and noise conditions in sequence, and starts the corresponding energy capture subsystem according to the preset priority of "photovoltaic priority and acoustic energy as auxiliary"; when SOC ≥ 80%, it enters the high power retention mode, shields photovoltaic and acoustic energy capture, and only maintains the hydraulic recovery standby state.

[0086] Regarding the energy distribution and storage in step S4 of the corresponding method, after the above-mentioned operating conditions and modes are determined, each activated energy capture subsystem will complete the electroconversion of the captured energy and then uniformly enter the system. Figure 2 In the energy distribution and storage process, the voltage is regulated by the DC-DC conversion circuit, and then the energy is stored in the lithium battery pack (5) according to the charging and discharging rules of the lithium battery pack (5) to ensure the safety and standardization of energy storage.

[0087] Regarding the corresponding method step S5 cycle detection and status update, after completing a single energy distribution and storage, the system performs an update system status and record operation, synchronously updating and storing data such as the current working mode, the operating status of each subsystem, and the battery SOC value. Then it returns to the signal acquisition stage. The central controller executes the above process in a loop at a frequency of 10Hz, dynamically adjusting the energy capture and storage strategy to ensure that the system always adapts to the real-time changes in riding conditions and environmental parameters.

[0088] Therefore, the method of this application realizes the orderly and coordinated capture and safe storage of multi-source energy through scenario-specific energy regulation logic, taking into account both energy utilization efficiency and system stability, and is adaptable to various working conditions such as braking, acceleration, constant speed, and stationary conditions in urban cycling. It solves the problems of simple logic, poor adaptability, and chaotic energy utilization in traditional energy management methods.

[0089] Example 10 Furthermore, when no braking signal is detected, the energy capture strategies under different operating conditions are as follows.

[0090] In acceleration / constant speed operation, the photovoltaic power generation system is activated first, and the acoustic power generation system is activated simultaneously when the noise level meets the standard.

[0091] When the vehicle is stationary, only the acoustic energy generation and electronic system is activated. The hydraulic-mechanical-electrical energy conversion efficiency of the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem is not less than 85%, and the noise reduction of the acoustic energy generation and electronic system is ≥15dB.

[0092] Specifically, when no braking signal is detected, the system further refines its energy capture strategy based on the riding conditions: During acceleration or constant-speed riding, the vehicle requires continuous power supply, so the photovoltaic power generation system is activated first to maximize the capture of solar energy. If the ambient noise is ≥75dB, reaching the acoustic energy capture threshold, the acoustic power generation system is activated simultaneously to achieve dual-source coordinated energy replenishment and alleviate power consumption. When stationary, no wheel kinetic energy is generated, and the photovoltaic power generation system only operates when the sunlight meets the standard, while the acoustic power generation system is not limited by the operating conditions and activates as long as the noise level meets the standard, making full use of the ambient noise energy when stationary. Through this refined strategy, the overall conversion efficiency of hydraulic-mechanical-electrical energy remains stable at over 85%, and the acoustic power generation system achieves a noise reduction of ≥15dB while capturing energy.

[0093] Therefore, the differentiated strategies for different riding conditions in this application further enhance the targeting and efficiency of energy capture, maximize the use of environmental energy while meeting the power needs of riding, and achieve the dual benefits of noise reduction and power generation, solving the problems of insufficient adaptability to different riding conditions and serious energy waste in traditional methods.

[0094] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above embodiments can be implemented by hardware, or by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk. The above are merely optional embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-source energy collaborative capture and management device for cycling vehicles, characterized in that, It includes a photovoltaic power generation system, a sound power generation system, a hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem and an energy storage and intelligent control subsystem installed on the vehicle frame (9), and each subsystem is electrically connected to the energy storage and intelligent control subsystem; The energy storage and intelligent control subsystem includes a lithium battery pack (5) and a central controller, the central controller being used for: When a braking signal is detected, only the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem is activated, while the photovoltaic power generation system and the acoustic power generation system are suspended. When no braking signal is detected, the photovoltaic power generation system, hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem and acoustic power generation system are scheduled and controlled according to the state of charge of the lithium battery pack (5) and preset priority. This enables mutually exclusive and priority-based collaborative operation among multiple energy capture subsystems.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power generation system is fitted to the arc surface of the vehicle frame (9), the acoustic power generation system is installed in the part of the vehicle that is easily exposed to sound waves, and the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem is connected to the front wheel (8) or rear wheel (3) of the vehicle. The photovoltaic power generation system is a flexible single-junction perovskite photovoltaic module (1), with a low-light conversion efficiency of not less than 20% and an effective area of ​​0.5m². 2 ~1m 2 It also integrates a maximum power point tracking algorithm based on the perturbation observation method.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acoustic energy generation system is composed of a gradient porosity acoustic metamaterial coupled with a piezoelectric-triboelectric composite device (7); The acoustic metamaterial has a high-efficiency response band in the frequency range of 200Hz-1200Hz, and the piezoelectric-triboelectric composite device (7) is used to convert vibration energy into electrical energy; The piezoelectric-triboelectric composite device (7) includes a diaphragm structure, a piezoelectric unit, and a shunt electromagnetic diaphragm assembly. Under the action of sound pressure, the diaphragm structure simultaneously drives the piezoelectric unit to generate piezoelectric output and drives the shunt electromagnetic diaphragm assembly to generate electromagnetic induction output in a magnetic field.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem includes a miniature axial piston pump (2), an air accumulator and a hydraulic motor (4). The hydraulic motor (4) is coaxially connected to the miniature axial piston pump (2) and a permanent magnet generator (6) for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The displacement of the miniature axial piston pump (2) changes linearly with the braking pressure signal to achieve linkage adjustment between braking intensity and energy recovery intensity.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central controller integrates an LSTM neural network algorithm, with a scheduling error of <3% and a response delay of ≤50ms. It detects the availability status of each energy source at a frequency of 10Hz. The energy capture priority set by the central controller is: photovoltaic power generation system > hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem > acoustic power generation system.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lithium battery pack (5) is a power battery for electric riding tools, and the lithium battery pack (5) is electrically connected to the central controller; The central controller operates based on the real-time state of charge (SOC) regulation system of the lithium battery pack (5), specifically as follows: When SOC < 30%, it enters emergency power replenishment mode, maintaining power supply only to the core sensing and control circuits, cutting off unnecessary loads, and allowing each energy source to trickle charge. When 30%≤SOC<80%, enter intelligent capture mode and capture energy in a coordinated manner according to preset priority; When SOC ≥ 80%, it enters high power retention mode, shuts down the photovoltaic power generation system and the acoustic power generation system, and retains only the braking recovery function of the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The start / stop threshold for photovoltaic power generation systems is: irradiance ≥ 200W / m². 2 Start-up, ≤50W / m 2 stop; The start-stop thresholds for acoustic energy generation electronic systems are: start when noise level is ≥75dB, stop when noise level is ≤65dB; The starting conditions for the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem are: braking pressure ≥ 0.5 MPa, upper limit of airbag accumulator charging pressure 18 MPa, and lower limit of depressurization 6 MPa.

8. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The piezoelectric-triboelectric composite device (7) adopts a modular interface design, supports replacement with an electromagnetic diaphragm, and the central controller has a reserved communication interface to support optimization of priority arbitration rules through firmware updates.

9. A method for multi-source energy collaborative capture and management based on any one of the devices claimed in claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: After system initialization, the central controller collects the SOC value, braking signal, light intensity and ambient noise decibel value of the lithium battery pack (5) in real time; When a braking signal is detected, the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem is activated, and the energy capture of the photovoltaic power generation system and the acoustic power generation system is suspended. When no braking signal is detected, the corresponding working mode is switched according to the SOC value, and the corresponding energy capture subsystem is started according to the preset priority rules; The photovoltaic power generation system, the acoustic power generation system and the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem convert the captured energy into electrical energy, and then the voltage is regulated by the DC-DC conversion circuit and fed into the lithium battery pack (5) for storage according to the charging and discharging rules; The central controller continuously monitors various status signals, dynamically adjusts the energy capture and storage strategy, and updates the system's operating status.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, When no braking signal is detected, the energy harvesting strategies under different operating conditions are as follows: In acceleration / constant speed operation, the photovoltaic power generation system is activated first, and the acoustic power generation system is activated simultaneously when the noise level meets the standard. When the vehicle is stationary, only the acoustic energy generation and electronic system is activated. The hydraulic-mechanical-electrical energy conversion efficiency of the hydraulic energy regeneration subsystem is not less than 85%, and the noise reduction of the acoustic energy generation and electronic system is ≥15dB.

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