Remote controllable perforation system for oil and gas well

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas well perforation completion, in particular to an oil and gas well remote controllable perforation system which comprises a rear-end ground instrument, a remote ground instrument and a remote control system. An actually-measured logging curve obtained through logging process construction and sent by a remote ground instrument and received by a router is compared with the theoretical logging curve, whether the perforation requirement is met or not is determined, and a depth adjusting value is determined; if yes, the rear-end ground instrument sends an adjustment instruction to the remote ground instrument according to the depth adjustment value, the tripping-in depth of the perforating gun is adjusted, and deep measurement positioning is completed; and the rear-end ground instrument sends a perforation instruction to the remote ground instrument through the router for perforation. Therefore, an operator can remotely control a plurality of perforation remote ground instruments to perform logging construction and remotely control ignition and detonation of the perforator, the burden of the ground instrument operator in perforation operation is relieved, the utilization rate is increased, and the working efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of oil and gas well perforation completion, and particularly relates to a remote controllable perforation system for oil and gas well. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, an operator needs to be arranged near a well to be perforated to perform perforation operation on site when perforation operation is performed in an oilfield; perforation operation requires high technical skills of the operator, and it is difficult to train the operator, which leads to a shortage of perforation operators; meanwhile, a lot of time is consumed for the operator to reach each perforation well, and the utilization rate of professional skills is low.

[0003] The perforation construction procedure of the existing perforation surface instrument only has a single machine construction function and cannot be remotely controlled, so that remote control perforation construction cannot be realized. Construction data cannot be transmitted to a well site through a network, and on-site construction data cannot be shared in real time with a base, and operations such as measurement, comparison, ignition and detonation need to be performed by an engineer on site, so that the automation and digitization level of construction is low, and the demand of the industry for digital development cannot be met. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a remote controllable perforation system for oil and gas well to solve the problems that the existing perforation surface instrument cannot realize remote control perforation construction, operations such as measurement, comparison, ignition and detonation need to be performed by an engineer on site, and the automation and digitization level of construction is low, which cannot meet the demand of the industry for digital development.

[0005] According to an aspect of the present application, a remote controllable perforation system for oil and gas well is provided, comprising a remote surface instrument arranged at a well site, an industrial router connected with the remote surface instrument and arranged at the well site, an edge router wirelessly connected with the industrial router through relevant configuration and arranged in a remote control room, and a back-end surface instrument connected with the edge router and arranged in the remote control room.

[0006] The back-end surface instrument sends a logging instruction to the remote surface instrument through the router to control logging process construction;

[0007] The back-end surface instrument compares the measured logging curve obtained by the remote surface instrument through the router with a theoretical logging curve to determine whether the perforation requirement is met and to determine a depth adjustment value;

[0008] If the perforation requirement is met, the back-end surface instrument sends an adjustment instruction to the remote surface instrument according to the depth adjustment value to control adjustment of the perforation gun depth, and completes deep positioning measurement;

[0009] The back-end ground instrument sends perforation instructions to the remote ground instrument through a router, and the remote ground instrument controls the perforation gun to start perforation.

[0010] Preferably, the related configuration comprises:

[0011] The WAN port IP of the edge router is set, and the internal network firewall is configured according to the WAN port IP; the L2TP VPN server service of the edge router is enabled, and the user password and the subnet segment are configured; the LAN port IP and the subnet mask of the VLAN network of the edge router are set;

[0012] The host IP address and the gateway address of the back-end ground instrument are set to be in the same subnet segment as the edge router;

[0013] The dial-up parameter APN of the industrial router is configured; the L2TP VPN client is added in the industrial router, and the VPN tunnel is configured; the DNAT strategy is added in the firewall ANT of the industrial router to realize the mapping of the VPN address and the terminal address.

[0014] Preferably, the control of the logging procedure construction comprises a cable conveyed perforation construction procedure or a tubing conveyed construction procedure.

[0015] The cable conveyed logging procedure comprises depth zeroing, depth marker zeroing, and measuring seven groups of joints or measuring joints.

[0016] The tubing conveyed logging procedure comprises depth zeroing, depth marker zeroing, and uphole measurement.

[0017] Preferably, the depth zeroing comprises:

[0018] The cable zero point is aligned with the wellhead construction plane.

[0019] The remote ground instrument controls the voice broadcast of lowering the cable and controls the lowering of the cable.

[0020] The remote ground instrument detects the real-time depth of the lowered cable, and controls to stop the voice broadcast when the real-time depth increases.

[0021] Preferably, the depth marker zeroing comprises:

[0022] The ignition marker depth is determined, and the corresponding depth marker is selected according to the ignition marker depth.

[0023] When the depth marker on the lowered cable is a first predetermined distance from the wellhead, the remote ground instrument controls the voice broadcast of the approaching marker and controls to stop the lowering of the cable.

[0024] If the remote ground instrument detects that the cable is not stopped, the control is carried out on the alignment mark voice alarm;

[0025] The remote ground instrument judges whether the detected real-time depth of the cable meets the depth mark, and if not, adjusts the real-time depth to the mark depth value.

[0026] Preferably, the seven-group measuring collar or the measuring collar comprises:

[0027] The remote ground instrument detects the real-time depth of the cable, and judges when the real-time depth is equal to the measuring depth, controls the voice broadcast of reaching the measuring depth and lifting the measurement;

[0028] The remote ground instrument judges that the real-time depth is reduced by a second predetermined value, controls to stop the voice broadcast, and controls to lift the cable for seven-group collar measurement or for subscripts and marker collar measurement;

[0029] During the measurement process, the remote ground instrument receives the actual measurement data of the downhole instrument, and compares the actual measurement data with the theoretical measurement data to judge whether there is an out-of-tolerance, and if so, controls to carry out a re-measurement voice broadcast and controls to re-measure.

[0030] Preferably, if resistance is encountered during the well logging process, then:

[0031] The remote ground instrument judges whether the resistance depth is greater than or equal to the subscript depth and less than or equal to the measuring depth, and if so, normal measurement is carried out;

[0032] The remote ground instrument judges whether the resistance depth is greater than or equal to the marker depth and less than or equal to the subscript depth, and if so, the measuring depth is modified to the marker depth + 1m, and normal measurement is carried out;

[0033] The remote ground instrument judges whether the resistance depth is less than or equal to the marker depth, and if so, judges whether the resistance depth meets the oil layer depth requirement, and if so, normal measurement is carried out, and if not, no measurement and perforation operation is carried out.

[0034] Preferably, the judgment of whether the resistance depth meets the oil layer depth requirement comprises:

[0035] Determining a resistance tolerance value;

[0036] If the resistance tolerance value is greater than or equal to 0.5 meters, the oil layer depth requirement is met, otherwise, the oil layer depth requirement is not met;

[0037] Wherein, the resistance tolerance value = gun tail depth - resistance point depth = theoretical casing collar depth + measured casing collar depth - resistance curve depth + gun head length - oil top - correction value when aligning oil layer.

[0038] Preferably, the comparing comprises:

[0039] If cable delivery, the well logging curve is a magnetic positioning curve;

[0040] Determining each casing collar depth position on the measured magnetic positioning curve;

[0041] According to the casing collar depth position, determining each casing collar peak depth;

[0042] According to the difference between the depths of two adjacent casing collar peaks, determining the casing length between the two adjacent casing collars;

[0043] According to the casing collar depth position determined on the measured magnetic positioning curve and the casing length, comparing with the casing collar position and casing length on the corresponding theoretical magnetic positioning curve to determine whether the error between them is less than or equal to a predetermined difference value, if yes, it meets the perforation requirement.

[0044] Preferably, the method for determining each casing collar depth position on the measured magnetic positioning curve comprises:

[0045] Let C be the data set of all sampling points of the casing collar curve, C = (Y1, Y2, …, Yi, …, YN), Yi (i = 1, 2, …, N) is the height value of the i th sampling point of the casing collar curve, and N is the number of sampling points of the casing collar curve; the angle A formed by the line connecting the current sampling point and the previous sampling point with the depth baseline is calculated using formula (1);

[0046] A = arctan((Y i+k -Y i ) / (L × k)) (1);

[0047] In the formula: Y i+k is the peak top height value of the i+k th sampling point; Y i is the peak top height value of the i th sampling point; L × k is the test length; L is the sampling interval; k is the number of sampling points in the test length; and A is the angle formed by the line connecting two casing collar data points in the test length with the depth;

[0048] If the angle A is greater than a predetermined angle, the depth position of the sampling point corresponding to the angle is the casing collar depth position.

[0049] Preferably, the predetermined difference value is:

[0050] If the cable delivery is used, the depth adjustment value = the marker collar depth + the length of the gun head - the oil cap - the correction value.

[0051] Preferably, the determining the depth adjustment value comprises:

[0052] If the cable delivery is used, the depth adjustment value = the marker collar depth + the length of the gun head - the oil cap - the correction value.

[0053] Preferably, the making the comparison comprises:

[0054] If the tubing delivery is used, the logging curve is the natural gamma curve and the magnetic positioning curve;

[0055] The depth range between the maximum depth of the two marker peaks and the minimum depth of the short marker on the theoretical natural gamma curve plus a predetermined distance is selected as the sample well section;

[0056] The curve similarity between the measured natural gamma curve peak in the sample well section and the marker layer of the theoretical natural gamma curve is determined by using the dynamic time warping distance algorithm;

[0057] If the similarity is greater than a predetermined similarity, the peak is determined as a marker peak, which meets the perforation requirements.

[0058] Preferably, the method for determining the curve similarity by using the dynamic time warping distance algorithm comprises:

[0059] The curve similarity is determined by using formula (2);

[0060]

[0061] In the formula, C[X i ,Y j ] represents the distance measure between the i-th point X j and the j-th point Y i ; C(X j ,Y i ) = (X j -Y 2 ) , wherein i = (1, 2, …, n), j = (1, 2, …, m); K is the number of bending paths; v(i) is the bending path.

[0062] Preferably, the determining the depth adjustment value comprises:

[0063] According to the short marker distance of the theoretical magnetic positioning curve and the measured magnetic positioning curve, the depth adjustment value is determined by using formula (3);

[0064] Depth adjustment value = (γ1-γ) + (L1-L) (3);

[0065] Wherein, γ is a theoretical short gauge, γ1 is a measured short gauge, L is a predetermined gun length, and L1 is an actual gun length.

[0066] Wherein, short gauge = short gauge depth - main gauge depth.

[0067] Preferably, before the depth adjustment value is determined, further comprising:

[0068] If it is oil pipe transportation, a normal distribution depth calibration peak is selected on the measured natural gamma curve using the slope and the sharpness.

[0069] According to the difference between the depth of the marker layer corresponding to the deeper peak of the measured natural gamma curve and the depth of the corresponding marker peak on the theoretical natural gamma curve, the depth adjustment value is determined.

[0070] If the depth adjustment value is less than the predetermined maximum adjustment value, the depth of the measured natural gamma curve is adjusted according to the depth adjustment value.

[0071] If not, the depth system is verified, and the logging process is re-performed.

[0072] Preferably, before the normal distribution depth calibration peak is selected on the measured natural gamma curve using the slope and the sharpness, the slope and the sharpness are determined, and the method comprises:

[0073] The slope is determined using formula (3).

[0074]

[0075] The sharpness is determined using formula (4).

[0076]

[0077] In the formula, n is the total number of sampling points in a 2L meter treated well section, L is the length of the treated well section, z(x i ) is the amplitude of the sampling point x i , μ is the mean of the sampling point, and σ is the variance of the sampling point.

[0078] Preferably, an optical pulse generator for detecting the running number of the pulley is arranged on the wellhead pulley.

[0079] The optical pulse generator sends the detected running number to a remote ground instrument, and the remote ground instrument determines the real-time depth according to the running number.

[0080] Preferably, the remote ground instrument is connected to a downhole signal transmission and reception system, which is used to send logging data obtained when the downhole instrument is measuring to the remote ground instrument. ​

[0081] If the cable transportation is used, the downhole signal transmitting and receiving system is a magnetic collar positioning detonation system.

[0082] If the tubing transportation is used, the downhole signal transmitting and receiving system is a natural gamma and magnetic locator combined positioning system.

[0083] Preferably, the industrial router accesses the 4G VPDN network built with the edge router, and data transmission is realized through the 4G VPDN network.

[0084] Each industrial router is assigned with a dedicated VPN IP, and the dedicated VPN IP of the industrial router is mapped to the corresponding remote surface instrument, and the backend surface instrument accesses the remote surface instrument through the dedicated VPN IP.

[0085] The present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0086] The present application provides an oil and gas well remote controllable perforation system, which establishes a data transmission channel between the well site remote surface instrument and the backend surface instrument of the remote operation room through industrial routers and edge routers, and automatically performs curve comparison through the backend surface instrument, so as to realize remote control of the operator on multiple perforation remote surface instruments for well logging construction, and remote control of ignition and detonation of the perforator, thereby reducing the burden of the surface instrument operator in perforation operation, improving the utilization rate, and increasing the work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0087] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and form part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the specification, serve to explain the technical solutions of the present application.

[0088] Figure 1 A device connection schematic diagram of the oil and gas well remote controllable perforation system according to the embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0089] Figure 2 A cable transportation perforation flowchart according to the embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0090] Figure 3 A tubing transportation perforation flowchart according to the embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0091] Figure 4 A curved path and matching path constraint schematic diagram according to the embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0092] Figure 5 A system network topology schematic diagram according to the embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0093] In the diagram, 1-Perforation instrument vehicle, 2-Industrial router, 3-Remote ground instrument, 4-Cable, 5-Data transmission line, 6-Photoelectric pulse generator, 7-Ground pulley, 8-Head pulley, 9-Derrick, 10-Wellhead, 11-Wellbore, 12-Downhole signal transmission and reception system, 13-Electromagnetic detonator, 14-Perforator, 15-Wireless signal transmission tower, 16-Remote control room, 17-Edge router, 18-Back-end ground instrument. Detailed Implementation

[0094] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote elements that have the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, they are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0095] The term “exemplary” as used herein means “serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration.” Any embodiment illustrated herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments.

[0096] In this document, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Furthermore, the term "at least one" in this document means any combination of at least two of any one or more elements. For example, including at least one of A, B, and C can mean including any one or more elements selected from the set consisting of A, B, and C.

[0097] Furthermore, to better illustrate the present invention, numerous specific details are set forth in the following detailed embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention can be practiced without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, elements, and circuits well known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail in order to highlight the spirit of the invention.

[0098] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the equipment connections of a remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 A flowchart of a cable delivery perforation process according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 3 A flow chart of tubing delivery perforation according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating a curved path and matching path constraints according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the system network topology according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figures 1-5As shown, a remote controllable perforating system of an oil and gas well comprises a remote ground instrument arranged at a well site, an industrial router connected with the remote ground instrument and arranged at the well site, an edge router wirelessly connected with the industrial router through a relevant configuration and arranged at a remote control room, and a back-end ground instrument connected with the edge router and arranged at the remote control room; the back-end ground instrument sends a logging instruction to the remote ground instrument through the router to control a logging procedure construction; the back-end ground instrument compares a measured logging curve obtained by the logging procedure construction sent by the remote ground instrument received through the router with a theoretical logging curve to determine whether the measured logging curve meets a perforating requirement and to determine a depth adjustment value; if the measured logging curve meets the perforating requirement, the back-end ground instrument sends an adjustment instruction to the remote ground instrument according to the depth adjustment value to control adjustment of a perforating gun depth to complete a deeper positioning measurement; the back-end ground instrument sends a perforating instruction to the remote ground instrument through the router, and the remote ground instrument controls to enter an initiation procedure to initiate the perforating gun to perform perforating.

[0099] In the present application, a photoelectric pulse generator for detecting the running number of the pulley is arranged on the wellhead pulley; the photoelectric pulse generator sends the detected running number to the remote ground instrument, and the remote ground instrument determines the real-time depth according to the running number.

[0100] In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in the figure, Figure 1 The perforating system device comprises a derrick 9, a crown pulley 8 and a ground pulley 7 arranged on the derrick. A 4G industrial router 2 and a remote ground instrument 3 are arranged on a perforating instrument vehicle 1, and a cable 4 is arranged thereon. A photoelectric pulse generator 6 is arranged on the ground pulley, and the photoelectric pulse generator is connected with the remote ground instrument 3 through a data transmission line 5. The cable 4 on the perforating instrument vehicle 1 passes through the ground pulley and the crown pulley, and is connected with a downhole signal transmission and receiving system 12 in a wellbore 11 after passing through a wellhead 10. An electromagnetic detonator 13 and a perforator 14 are arranged below the downhole signal transmission and receiving system. A back-end ground instrument 18 in a remote control room 16 is connected with the 4G industrial routers 2 and the remote ground instruments 3 of several wells through an edge router 17 and a wireless signal emission tower 15.

[0101] The remote measurement procedure control system runs in the back-end ground instrument, and the remote measurement procedure control system runs in the remote ground instrument at the same time. After the two systems are successfully connected, perforating construction is performed. According to the perforating process, the perforating mode is divided into a cable conveying perforating mode and a tubing conveying perforating mode.

[0102] During cable-driven perforation, the perforating gun is lowered into the well using a cable. After zeroing the depth at the wellhead, a remote ground control system initiates automatic measurement and data acquisition from the well. The remote ground control system automatically directs the winch operator to lower the cable for measurement. The collected data is processed and transmitted to the back-end ground control system via a wireless network established by industrial routers and edge routers for display. The back-end ground control system automatically compares the data curves throughout the process to determine if it meets the perforation requirements. Upon completion of the measurement, it automatically calculates the depth adjustment value. Operators in the remote control room observe and compare the CCL signal curve returned from the remote underground in real time through the back-end ground control system. If problems arise with the automatic measurement, operators can directly issue commands through the remote measurement process control system to control the remote ground control system to perform measurements according to the instructions. After the measurement and depth calibration are completed, the remote detonation perforating gun is activated.

[0103] During perforation via tubing, a downhole signal transmitting and receiving system is lowered into the well using a cable. After depth zeroing at the wellhead, a remote ground control system initiates automatic measurement and data acquisition. The remote ground control system automatically directs the winch operator to lower the cable for measurement. The acquired data is processed and transmitted to the back-end ground control system via a wireless network established by industrial routers and edge routers for display. The back-end ground control system automatically compares the data curves throughout the process to determine if it meets the perforation requirements. Upon completion of the measurement, it automatically calculates the depth adjustment value. Operators in the remote control room observe and compare the CCL and GR signal curves returned remotely from the underground in real time. If problems arise with the automatic measurement, operators can directly issue commands through the remote measurement process control system to control the remote ground control system to perform measurements according to the instructions, completing the measurement, depth calibration, and positioning.

[0104] The remote surface instrument determines the real-time depth based on the number of rotations of the pulley as follows: The pulley at the wellhead rotates 1.5 meters in one revolution. The photoelectric pulse generator's grating code disk has 1024 perforated grids. The rotation of the pulley drives the grating of the photoelectric pulse generator to rotate, and the light source shines through the grids, causing the photoelectric pulse generator to produce photoelectric pulses. One revolution generates 1024 pulses. The accumulated number of pulses, starting from the depth calculation point, is the logging depth, i.e., the real-time depth.

[0105] In this invention, the remote ground instrument is connected to a downhole signal transmission and reception system, which is used to transmit logging data obtained by the downhole instrument during measurement to the remote ground instrument; wherein, if the transmission is by cable, the downhole signal transmission and reception system is a magnetic coupling positioning and detonation system; wherein, if the transmission is by tubing, the downhole signal transmission and reception system is a combination positioning system of natural gamma and magnetic locator.

[0106] In the embodiment of the present application, the downhole signal transmission and receiving system during cable conveying adopts a magnetic collar positioning detonation system. The perforating gun is installed at the lower end of the downhole signal transmission and receiving system, and the detonator installed at the upper part of the perforating gun forms an ignition circuit with the downhole instrument lower contact. The downhole signal transmission and receiving system during tubing conveying adopts a natural gamma and magnetic locator combined positioning system.

[0107] The downhole signal transmission and receiving system comprises a cable, a magnetic collar positioning detonation system or a natural gamma and magnetic locator combined positioning system. The measurement and ignition of the downhole signal transmission and receiving of the cable-conveyed perforating process is completed by using the magnetic locator; the measurement of the downhole signal transmission and receiving of the tubing-conveyed perforating process is completed by using the natural gamma and magnetic locator combined instrument.

[0108] The magnetic collar positioning detonation system is composed of a permanent magnetic steel, an induction coil, a bidirectional diode and a shell. Its working principle is that when the magnetic positioning instrument moves through the casing collar in the well, due to the thickening of the casing at the collar, the distribution of the magnetic field around the magnet is changed, the magnetic flux passing through the coil is changed to generate an induced voltage, and the voltage signal is transmitted to the front-end ground control system (remote ground instrument) through the cable, and the size of the induced current is recorded continuously, at the same time, the number of turns of the ground pulley is measured by the photoelectric pulse generator, the remote ground instrument determines the length of the cable lowered according to the number of turns to measure the depth of the collar, so as to present a casing collar curve (CCL logging curve) on the display.

[0109] The natural gamma and magnetic locator combined positioning system is a downhole instrument which can measure the formation natural radioactivity intensity and collar signal along the inner wall of the oil pipe, and is composed of a natural gamma sub and a magnetic positioning sub. The working principle of the natural gamma sub is that the high-temperature iodine sodium scintillator NaI(Te) in the natural gamma sub absorbs gamma rays and emits photons, the photons hit the photocathode of the high-temperature photomultiplier tube, the photocathode emits photoelectrons, the electrodes of the high-temperature photomultiplier tube are bombarded by the photons to emit 3-6 times of electrons, the electrons are continuously accelerated and multiplied between the electrodes of the high-temperature photomultiplier tube, and finally a pulse current with large amplitude is formed at the anode of the high-temperature photomultiplier tube, is amplified by the input stage, is selected and shaped by the selection stage, and is finally output by the power output stage, and a positive pulse with an amplitude of 8V and a width of 40μS is output to the cable core through capacitive coupling to be transmitted to the ground for recording. When passing through the casing or the oil pipe collar, the electromotive force in the magnetic positioning coil outputs a negative square wave through the selection and shaping stage, then controls the oscillation stage to oscillate, and finally a negative pulse with an amplitude of 8V and a width of 40μS is output by the power output stage, and is output to the cable core through capacitive coupling to be transmitted to the ground for recording. At the same time, the length of the downhole cable is determined through the photoelectric pulse generator to measure the depth of the collar and the gamma peak, so that a complete natural gamma and casing collar combined curve is displayed on the display.

[0110] In the application, the related configuration comprises: setting the edge router WAN port IP and configuring the internal network firewall according to the same; enabling the edge router L2TP VPN server service, configuring the user password and the subnet segment; setting the edge router VLAN network LAN port IP and the subnet mask; setting the host IP address and the gateway address of the rear-end ground instrument, so that the same are in the same network segment with the edge router; configuring the dial-up parameter APN of the industrial router; adding the L2TP VPN client in the industrial router and configuring the added VPN tunnel; adding the DNAT strategy in the industrial router firewall ANT to realize the mapping of the VPN address and the terminal address.

[0111] In the embodiment of the present application, a backend ground instrument and an edge router of networking equipment are deployed in the office network, the IP of the WAN port of the edge router is set to 10.65.145.66 to access the internal network, and it is set as a whitelist in the firewall. The L2TP VPN server service is enabled in the edge router, and the user password and subnet segment are configured, for example: the subnet segment is set to 172.16.0.1 / 24, and the username and password are set to: admin / 123456. The VLAN network (LAN port) of the edge router is set to 192.168.10.1, and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. The backend ground instrument is connected to the edge router (LAN port), and the host IP address is configured to 192.168.10.2~192.168.10.254 / 24, and the gateway address is set to 192.168.10.1. The IP address of the backend ground instrument is in the same segment as the edge router. The remote industrial router is configured again: the dialing parameters APN are configured for networking. The L2TP VPN client is added in the router to add a VPN tunnel. A DNAT policy is added in the firewall NAT to map the VPN address and the terminal address. If the same scenario of industrial router deployment is required, that is, the backend ground instrument needs to connect multiple remote ground instruments, only the VPN settings need to be modified, that is, the local IP address is modified in the L2TP client configuration, and the destination address in the firewall NAT is modified to correspond to the local IP in the VPN configuration to complete the network setting (related configuration).

[0112] The oil and gas well remote controllable perforation system after the configuration can be divided into a front-end ground control system and a backend ground control system.

[0113] The front-end ground control system includes a remote ground instrument and a 4G industrial router. A remote measurement process control system is installed in the remote ground instrument. According to the specific working conditions of field construction, in order to minimize the data transmission amount, the remote perforation construction program adopts the mode of transmitting real-time acquisition data and interface command data, and the field end information (including logging data and remote ground instrument control process data) is transmitted to the remote operation end computer (backend ground instrument) in real time. The remote measurement process control system of the remote ground instrument retains all the functions of local (single machine) operation. The system program automatically judges and displays as a network version or a single machine version according to the use condition, without separate setting. That is, the remote ground instrument judges whether it is connected with the backend ground instrument, if yes, it is a network version, and the perforation needs to be controlled by the backend ground instrument sending instructions, if no, it is a single machine version, and the perforation operation can be directly controlled by the remote ground instrument. By increasing the remote operation function, the operator and the instrument vehicle are separated, and remote construction operation is realized in different places.

[0114] Remote ground instrument is connected with 4G industrial router, and can quickly and conveniently access 4G VPDN private network built by oil field and operator in accordance with network security standards, and cooperates with edge router installed in internal network to form local area network, so that internal network can directly access remote ground instrument, and remote transmission of perforation data is realized. The edge router is internal network VPN server, and the 4G industrial router is VPN client, and after the client is connected with the internal network server, the network of remote control room and vehicle end is connected, so that the remote ground instrument obtains a fixed IP address.

[0115] On the basis of VPDN network, VPN is built, so that the vehicle end has an IP address that can be accessed by the remote control room. Each 4G industrial router device is allocated a special VPN IP, and the 4G industrial router device maps the special VPN IP to the remote ground instrument, and the remote control room accesses the special VPN IP, so as to realize access to the remote ground instrument.

[0116] The back-end control system includes remote control room, internal network edge router and back-end ground instrument. From the logic, the back-end ground instrument of the remote control room is connected with the remote ground instrument through the Internet, and the two ground instruments can directly access each other logically. The two instruments establish connection and communicate through WinSock, the back-end ground instrument is responsible for collecting the input and command of the operator and transmitting to the remote ground instrument, and the remote ground instrument collects measurement data (logging data) through the downhole signal sending and receiving system and synchronously transmits the logging data to the back-end ground instrument, and feeds back to the operator. The whole construction process is the continuous repetition of this process until the construction is completed and exited, and the construction data is stored in the two end ground instruments.

[0117] The remote measurement process control system is used for controlling automatic measurement of casing coupling curve and natural gamma curve, safety control of key measurement process, and is divided into cable conveying perforation and tubing conveying perforation remote measurement process control modes. The system converts existing theoretical logging data into digital curve (theoretical logging curve), and automatically compares with measured formation data curve (measured logging curve), automatically adjusts measurement parameters according to measurement condition, automatically commands winch to be raised and lowered, and gives evaluation result after measurement is completed, so that the operator does not need to closely monitor the whole process, and only needs to check the result. In the measurement process, the key process can be verified by relevant personnel on site, and wireless instructions are sent to the remote ground instrument and the back-end ground instrument through the terminal device wirelessly connected with the remote ground instrument and the back-end ground instrument in the system, so that the next step operation is controlled, so as to ensure construction quality and safety.

[0118] As Figure 5As shown, a combination of ER805 device (edge router) and IR615 device (industrial router) is used. The ER805 serves as an intranet VPN server (sim card IP: 10.61.11.xxx; L2TP address 172.16.1.2); the IP of the lan port is customized, and the IR615 serves as a VPN client (sim card IP: 110.65.11.xxx; L2TP address 172.16.1.1 / 16; the IP of the lan port is customized). After the client is connected to the server, the network of the center control end and the network of the vehicle end are connected, so that the network of the vehicle end obtains a fixedly accessible IP address.

[0119] Network topology: on the basis of the VPDN network, a VPN is built to enable the vehicle end to have an IP address that can be accessed by the center. Each IR615 device is assigned a special VPN IP, and the IR615 device maps the special VPN IP to the terminal device, so that the center accesses the special VPN IP to realize access to the terminal.

[0120] In the embodiment of the present application, the control of the logging procedure construction comprises a cable delivery perforation construction procedure or a tubing delivery construction procedure.

[0121] The cable delivery logging procedure comprises depth zero setting, depth mark zeroing and seven-group-joint measurement or joint measurement.

[0122] The tubing delivery logging procedure comprises depth zero setting, depth mark zeroing and up-drawing measurement.

[0123] In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 2 The cable delivery perforation complete perforation construction procedure comprises eight key procedures, i.e., 1, wellhead depth setting (depth setting "0"), 2, depth mark zeroing, 3, first measurement, 4, seven-group-joint measurement or joint measurement, 5, up-drawing value zeroing, 6, depth verification, 7, ignition, and 8, measurement, which are respectively numbered as 1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5#, 6#, 7# and 8#.

[0124] As shown in Figure 3 The tubing delivery perforation complete perforation construction procedure comprises seven key procedures, i.e., 01, wellhead depth setting, 02, depth mark zeroing, 03, up-drawing measurement, 04, automatic curve comparison, 05, depth adjustment, 06, automatic marking of main and auxiliary marker layers and short markers and automatic depth adjustment value calculation, and 07, manual verification, which are respectively numbered as 1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5#, 6# and 7#.

[0125] Before perforating, logging is needed to check the position of the perforating gun, and the logging process includes cable conveyed logging and tubing conveyed logging process. The cable conveyed logging process includes wellhead depth setting, depth marker zeroing, first measurement, seven group coupling measurement, up value zeroing, and depth verification. The measurement mode of the cable conveyed logging process includes first measurement and non-first measurement. The ground instrument automatically switches to the corresponding measurement mode according to the number of entries. The first measurement mode needs to do the first measurement value and the seven group coupling measurement; the non-first measurement mode does not need to do the first measurement value and the seven group coupling measurement. The tubing conveyed logging process includes wellhead depth setting, depth marker zeroing, and up measurement.

[0126] The cable conveyed perforating construction process is described in detail as follows:

[0127] In the present application, the depth zeroing includes aligning the cable zero point with the wellhead construction plane; the remote ground instrument controls the voice broadcast of lowering the cable and controls the execution of the lowering cable operation; the remote ground instrument detects the real-time depth of the cable lowering, and judges to control the stop of the voice broadcast when the real-time depth increases.

[0128] In the embodiment of the present application, 1, the depth zeroing process: after the cable zero point is aligned with the wellhead construction plane, the operator sends a 1# command by using a handheld terminal device, the remote ground instrument receives the 1# instruction, and the voice is cyclically broadcasted as "lowering the cable". The winch driver or the automatic control motor executes the lowering cable operation. When the remote ground instrument detects that the depth increases by 1m, the voice broadcast is controlled to stop.

[0129] In the present application, the depth marker zeroing includes determining the ignition marker depth, selecting the corresponding depth marker according to the ignition marker depth, when the distance between the depth marker on the lowered cable and the wellhead is a first predetermined value, the remote ground instrument controls the voice broadcast of approaching the marker and controls the stop of the cable lowering, if the remote ground instrument detects that the cable lowering has not stopped, the voice alarm of aligning the marker is controlled, and the remote ground instrument judges whether the real-time depth of the cable lowering conforms to the depth marker according to the detection, if not, the real-time depth is adjusted to the marker depth value.

[0130] In the embodiment of the present application, 2, the depth marker zeroing process: the ignition marker depth is determined, wherein the ignition marker depth=(oil top depth+correction value)-(casing supplement distance+instrument zero length+gun head length); the ignition marker depth is compared with the depth marker, and the corresponding depth marker with the smallest difference between them is selected. For example, 900, 1100 or 1600 meter depth markers are used.

[0131] When the cable is lowered, the wellhead distance is marked with a first predetermined value (30 meters), and the remote ground instrument controls the voice broadcast "about to reach the XX m mark" in advance. If the mark is not stopped, the cycle voice alarm "please mark XX m" is given.

[0132] After the mark is aligned with the wellhead and stopped, if the digital tube of the photoelectric pulse generator detects that the cable lowering depth does not match the marked depth, the operator sends a 2# command, and the remote ground instrument automatically sets the marked depth value after receiving the 2# command, that is, the real-time depth is adjusted to the marked depth value, such as 900 depth data. The operator sends a 3# command to enter the first measurement step.

[0133] 3. First measurement process: After the remote ground instrument detects that the depth mark is set or the 3# command is received, the voice prompt "perform the first measurement operation" is given, and when it is detected that the real-time depth changes by more than ±1 m, the voice broadcast is stopped.

[0134] In the present application, the seven-group collar or the measuring collar comprises: the remote ground instrument detects the real-time depth of the cable lowering, judges that when the real-time depth is equal to the measurement starting depth, controls the arrival of the measurement starting depth and the voice broadcast of the measurement starting depth, and controls the lifting of the cable for the seven-group collar measurement or the measurement of the lower index and the marker collar; during the measurement process, the remote ground instrument receives the actual measurement data of the downhole instrument, compares the actual measurement data with the theoretical measurement data, judges whether an error occurs, and if yes, controls the voice broadcast of the re-measurement and controls the re-measurement.

[0135] In the embodiment of the present application, 4. Seven-group collar measurement process (first measurement mode): the remote ground instrument judges that when the real-time depth reaches the measurement starting depth, the remote ground instrument controls the voice broadcast "the measurement starting depth has arrived, please lift for measurement".

[0136] The remote ground instrument detects that the depth decreases by 1 m, and at the same time, the operator sends a 4# command to control the stop of the voice broadcast.

[0137] During the lifting measurement of the seven-group collar, the remote ground instrument judges whether the received data is out of tolerance, if yes, the voice cycle prompt "out of tolerance, please re-measure, lower to the measurement starting depth" is given, and the lowering is controlled; the remote ground instrument detects the lowering and stops the voice broadcast. If it is a reperforated well, the lowering to the measurement starting depth is not needed when the error occurs.

[0138] After the seven groups of coupling measurement, automatic comparison and inspection is performed. If there is an error, the control performs voice broadcast prompt "the No. X group of casing is out of tolerance, please re-measure". If there is no error, the voice prompt is "the depth verification is correct, please lower the cable". After lowering to the predetermined depth, the voice prompt is "stop lowering the cable". After stopping, the voice prompt is "raise the measurement". After detecting that the depth is reduced by 1 m, the voice broadcast is stopped.

[0139] The depth measurement standard is that the coupling depth error is less than or equal to ±1.0 m, and the casing length error is less than or equal to ±0.1 m. That is, the actual measurement data is compared with the theoretical measurement data. If the coupling depth difference between the two is greater than ±3 m and / or the casing length difference is greater than ±0.1 m, it is judged as out of tolerance.

[0140] 4. Coupling measurement process (non-first measurement mode): After the real-time depth reaches the measurement starting depth, the remote ground instrument controls the voice broadcast "the measurement starting depth has arrived, please raise the measurement".

[0141] After the remote ground instrument detects that the depth is reduced by 1 m, the operator sends the 4# command to control the voice broadcast to stop.

[0142] When raising the coupling for measurement, if it is out of tolerance, the voice will cycle and prompt "out of tolerance, please re-measure, and control to lower to the measurement starting depth". After detecting that the lowering is stopped, the voice is stopped. If it is a reaming well, it does not need to be lowered to the measurement starting depth.

[0143] After the coupling measurement is completed, automatic comparison and inspection are performed. If there is no error, the voice prompt is "the depth verification is correct, please lower the cable". After lowering to the predetermined depth, the voice prompt is "stop lowering the cable". After stopping, the voice prompt is "raise the measurement". After detecting that the depth is reduced by 1 m, the voice broadcast is stopped.

[0144] The first measurement needs to measure seven groups of couplings. The non-first measurement only needs to measure the lower mark coupling and the mark coupling.

[0145] 5. Raising value to zero process: After measuring the lower mark coupling and the mark coupling, the remote ground instrument controls the voice prompt "zeroing is successful, please confirm" after raising to zero and stopping. After the operator confirms that the depth is correct, the 5# command is sent to stop the voice prompt. If the lower mark or the mark coupling is not measured, the voice prompt is "please re-measure", and the process is repeated.

[0146] In the application, if resistance is encountered during the logging process, the rear ground instrument determines whether the resistance depth is greater than or equal to the subscript depth and less than or equal to the measurement depth, if yes, the measurement is performed normally; the rear ground instrument determines whether the resistance depth is greater than or equal to the marker depth and less than or equal to the subscript depth, if yes, the measurement depth is modified to the marker depth + 1m, and the measurement is performed normally; the rear ground instrument determines whether the resistance depth is less than or equal to the marker depth, if yes, it is determined whether the resistance depth meets the oil layer depth requirement, if yes, the measurement is performed normally, if no, the measurement and perforation operation are not performed.

[0147] In the application, the determination of whether the resistance depth meets the oil layer depth requirement comprises: determining a resistance tolerance value; if the resistance tolerance value is greater than or equal to 0.5m, the oil layer depth requirement is met, otherwise, the oil layer depth requirement is not met; wherein the resistance tolerance value = gun tail depth when aligned with the oil layer - resistance point depth = theoretical casing coupling depth + measured casing coupling depth - resistance curve depth + gun head length - oil top - correction value.

[0148] In the embodiment of the application, when resistance is encountered, the running depth is less than the measurement depth, and the remote ground instrument determines the resistance depth as follows:

[0149] If the subscript depth ≤ resistance depth ≤ measurement depth, the process is executed normally, that is, the measurement of seven groups of couplings or the measurement of couplings is performed;

[0150] If the marker depth ≤ resistance depth ≤ subscript depth, the remote ground instrument program is automatically adjusted to the subscript resistance mode construction, and the measurement depth is automatically changed to the marker depth + 1m; the remote ground instrument control voice broadcasts “after running to the measurement depth, pull up to measure”, and then the measurement of seven groups of couplings or the measurement of couplings is performed.

[0151] If the resistance depth ≤ marker depth, the perforating gun resistance position needs to be further determined, if the oil layer depth requirement is met, the remote ground instrument voice prompts “after running to the resistance depth, pull up to measure the resistance curve and the adjacent casing coupling”, the remote ground instrument stops voice broadcasting after detecting that the depth is reduced by 1m. After pulling up to measure the resistance curve, the adjacent casing coupling and the above 3m, the remote ground instrument voice broadcasts “stop measuring”, and automatically marks the resistance curve depth and the casing coupling depth.

[0152] The remote ground instrument first calculates the resistance tolerance value, if the resistance tolerance value is greater than or equal to 0.5 m, the perforation can be carried out, the remote ground instrument executes the operation: automatically converts into the flag resistance construction mode, the measuring depth is automatically changed into the resistance depth; the ground instrument prompts the voice "after lowering to the measuring depth, measure the measuring depth", and then executes the measuring seven groups of joints or the measuring joint procedure; if the resistance tolerance value is less than 0.5 m, the perforation cannot be carried out, the ground instrument executes the operation: the voice broadcast "the resistance depth is not enough to perforate", when the depth is reduced by 1 m, the voice broadcast is stopped.

[0153] In the application, the measured logging curve is compared with the theoretical logging curve to determine whether the perforation requirement is met: if the cable is transported, the logging curve is a magnetic positioning curve; the depth position of each joint on the measured magnetic positioning curve is determined; the peak depth of each joint is determined according to the joint depth position; the length of the casing between adjacent joints is determined according to the difference between the peak depths of the adjacent joints; the error between the joint depth position and the length of the casing on the measured magnetic positioning curve and the corresponding joint position and the length of the casing on the theoretical magnetic positioning curve is compared to determine whether the error is less than or equal to a predetermined difference value, if yes, the perforation requirement is met.

[0154] In the application, the method for determining the depth position of each joint on the measured magnetic positioning curve comprises: setting C as the data set of all sampling points of the joint curve, C=(Y1, Y2,..., Yi,..., YN), Yi (i=1, 2,..., N) is the height value of the i-th sampling point of the joint curve, and N is the number of sampling points of the joint curve; the angle A formed by the line connecting the current sampling point and the previous sampling point and the depth baseline is calculated by using formula (1).

[0155] A=arctan((Y i+k -Y i ) / (L×k)) (1);

[0156] In the formula: Y i+k is the peak vertex height value of the i+k-th sampling point; Y i is the peak vertex height value of the i-th sampling point; L×k is the test length; L is the sampling interval; k is the number of sampling points in the test length; and A is the angle formed by the line connecting two joint data points in the test length and the depth.

[0157] If the angle A is greater than a predetermined angle, the depth position of the sampling point corresponding to the angle is the joint depth position.

[0158] In the embodiment of the present application, the 6, verifying depth procedure is that the operator verifies whether the depth is consistent, that is, whether the digital tube display ignition depth value of the numerical control perforating coring instrument, the measured collar depth value, the measured point difference value, and the construction times are consistent with the design. After the depth is consistent, the foreman sends the 6# command to enter the ignition procedure, and simultaneously, the manual detonation control is unlocked.

[0159] When verifying the depth, the collar depth position needs to be accurately identified. The cable conveyed perforation measures the casing collar curve. In order to accurately identify the collar data, the collar dynamic mode identification technology is adopted to automatically search the collar peak in the collar curve and calculate the collar depth. The specific principle is as follows: first, the relative height value judgment method of the magnetic positioning curve magnetic signal is used to find the position of the collar. According to the characteristics of the collar signal, the main peak of the collar signal is always higher than the non-collar peak. Even if the casing is magnetized to produce an interference signal in the neighborhood of the collar peak, the main peak of the collar is always higher than the non-collar peak, that is, there is a relative height difference between the collar peak and the magnetization interference peak. By using this characteristic of the collar signal, the magnetization interference signal can be effectively filtered out to accurately locate the collar signal.

[0160] In the search process of the collar, according to the characteristic that there is a relative height difference between the collar peak and the non-collar peak, the projection of the two collar vertex connecting lines on the depth baseline will form a triangle. The angle formed by the two collar data point connecting lines and the depth is taken as a threshold value, thereby filtering the non-collar peak.

[0161] As shown in formula (1), the test length is generally taken as the distance of 10 sampling intervals, that is, k=10, and the L value is taken as greater than zero and the angle formed by the two collar data point connecting lines and the depth is greater than 75 degrees. The well that cannot be processed by using this range is determined by modifying the angle size.

[0162] Secondly, the depth of the collar peak is calculated according to the collar position determined by the relative height value method. In a small neighborhood (50 points on the left and right) of the collar position determined by the relative height value method, a maximum value is found as the collar peak, and the depth of the collar peak is calculated. The relative amplitude difference between the interference peak and the collar peak is used for calculation, which avoids missing the real collar when the height threshold value and the maximum value method are simply relied on to calculate the local collar peak height less than the interference peak height of other positions of the curve, or identifies the pseudo peak with high interference peak height in order to consider the small height collar peak.

[0163] Among them, according to the angle A between the connecting line and the baseline. Through statistical analysis and artificial experience, the angle A of the highest point of the collar and the baseline is generally greater than 75°, therefore, the threshold value of the collar identification is designed as 75°, that is, the predetermined angle is 75°, thereby the collar in the measured magnetic positioning curve (CCL curve) is identified, the depth of the highest point is marked and displayed in the measurement interface.

[0164] The depth of the CCL signal is represented by the number of pixels in the vertical direction, and the height of the CCL signal is represented by the height of each pixel in the horizontal direction, which indicates the size of the induced current, and the induced current at the collar position is large, and the horizontal display height is high.

[0165] When the cable moves downward, the length of the cable is measured by the wellhead photoelectric pulse generator, one pulse is 1.46 cm, and the number of pulses is sent to the number control instrument, which is displayed as a baseline moving downward in the vertical direction on the logging program interface. When there is a CCL induced current, a fluctuating curve is generated on the baseline, and after the collar is identified, the depth of the highest point is marked and displayed. Thus, the depth position data of each collar is obtained.

[0166] Finally, the casing length between two collars is obtained by subtracting the depth of the collar peak from each other.

[0167] In the present application, the predetermined difference value corresponding to the collar depth position is 1 m, and the predetermined difference value corresponding to the casing length is 0.1 m.

[0168] In the present application, the depth adjustment value includes: if it is cable transportation, the depth adjustment value = flag collar depth + gun length - oil top - correction value.

[0169] In the embodiment of the present application, the theoretical collar depth data is marked on the theoretical collar curve (theoretical magnetic positioning curve). The error between the measured collar depth and the theoretical collar depth is obtained. Similarly, the flag casing collar depth has been marked on the theoretical collar curve, and the flag casing collar is determined by the measured flag collar depth-theoretical flag collar depth error being less than 1 m. The remote ground instrument controls the cable to be pulled up or lowered to adjust the position of the perforating gun according to the depth adjustment value.

[0170] 7. Ignition procedure: the operator remotely turns on the detonation power supply to charge, and after charging to the detonation voltage, the on-site operator ignites through the button. The operator remotely issues an ignition instruction to generate an ignition line.

[0171] 8. Next measurement procedure: after ignition, the operator sends command 7#, and the remote ground instrument pops up a measurement countdown bar to enter the measurement procedure. The control performs voice broadcast prompt "measurement to zero". According to the measurement value = previous oil top - next oil top, the cable is pulled up or lowered to the countdown zero, and at the same time, the operator sends command 4# to stop voice broadcast. If it is the last time, the operator sends command 7#, and the voice broadcast prompts "construction is completed". When the depth is reduced by 1 m, the voice is stopped.

[0172] If a special working condition occurs and the ground instrument cannot perform automatic measurement, an alarm will be triggered and the operation will switch to manual mode, with the operator in the remote control room taking over the operation.

[0173] The following is a detailed description of the perforation construction procedure for tubing delivery:

[0174] The process of zeroing the depth and setting the depth mark to zero in pipeline transportation is the same as that in cable transportation.

[0175] 03. The lifting measurement procedure is as follows: After the remote ground instrument determines that the real-time depth equals the initial measurement depth, it will issue a voice announcement saying "lift measurement" while simultaneously lifting the oil pipe. When the remote ground instrument detects a 1m decrease in the real-time depth, the operator will send command #3 to stop the voice announcement. After lifting to the stop depth, the voice announcement will say "stop measurement".

[0176] 04. The automatic curve comparison process is as follows: The operator sends command #4, and the remote ground instrument automatically compares the measured natural gamma curve shape with the theoretical natural gamma curve shape. Based on the maximum value and depth of the measured GR peak, the primary and secondary marker layers are identified, and then compared with the depth of the theoretical natural gamma curve peak to determine whether the depth needs to be adjusted.

[0177] In this invention, the comparison includes: if the pipeline is used for delivery, the logging curves are the natural gamma curve and the magnetic positioning curve; the depth range between the maximum depth plus a predetermined distance and the minimum depth minus a predetermined distance of the two marker peaks and the short marker on the theoretical natural gamma curve is selected as the sample well section; the curve similarity between the measured natural gamma curve peak and the marker layer of the theoretical natural gamma curve in the sample well section is determined by the dynamic time bending distance algorithm; if the similarity is greater than the predetermined similarity, the peak is determined to be the marker peak, which meets the perforation requirements.

[0178] In this invention, the method for determining curve similarity using dynamic time bending distance includes: determining curve similarity using equation (2);

[0179]

[0180] In the formula: C[X i ,Y j ] represents the i-th point Xi and the j-th point Y. j The distance between them is usually measured using the square of the Euclidean distance, C(X). i ,Y j )=(X i -Y j ) 2 , where i = (1, 2, ..., n), j = (1, 2, ..., m); K is the number of curved paths; v(i) is the curved path.

[0181] In the embodiment of the present application, the depth values corresponding to the mark peaks and short marks (magnetic positioning curves mark collars) of the upper and lower mark layers on the theoretical natural gamma curve are selected respectively; the depth range between the maximum depth value and the minimum depth value plus or minus a predetermined distance is determined as the sample well section; wherein the predetermined distance is 3m.

[0182] Suppose that there are two time series X and Y (corresponding to the sample well section of the measured and theoretical natural gamma curves respectively), and the data lengths are n and m respectively, then:

[0183] X=x1, x2, …, xn; l n ;

[0184] Y=y1, y2, …, ym; m

[0185] In order to align the two time series, a distance matrix C is created in advance, and the elements are the Euclidean distances c(x i , y j )=(x i -y j ) 2 In such a distance similarity matrix, TW is used to align the two time series. The closer the data points x i and y j are, the closer the value is to 0; the more different the two objects are, the larger the value is.

[0186]

[0187] In the distance matrix C between the two different time series, the bending path W is defined as a set of consecutive matrix elements between the time series.

[0188] V=v1, v2, v3…vk;

[0189] The bending path must satisfy the following conditions:

[0190] ① boundedness: max(m, n)≤K≤m+n-1;

[0191] ② boundary condition: the start and end elements of the bending path are v1=C(l, l) and vk=C(n, m) on the two end elements of the diagonal of the distance matrix;

[0192] ③ continuity: the elements in the bending path are continuous;

[0193] ​​(4) Monotonicity: the warping path proceeds monotonically along the time axis, i.e., if the warping path vk passes through point (i, j) and vk+1 passes through point (i', j'), then i≤i' and j≤j'.

[0194] The warping path is shown in Fig. 2a. Figure 4 For the TW algorithm, because the slope of the warping is limited in the matching process, many grid points are actually unreachable.

[0195] Figure 4 The matching path constraint is shown in Fig. 2b. Figure 4 From b and Oa, Ob, it can be obtained that the length restriction condition for M and N is: 2M-N≥3, 2N-M≥2.

[0196] Through the analysis of the distance matrix, it can be known that there are multiple warping paths, but we only need to find a warping path with the minimum length.

[0197] The well logging data sequence (logging curve) is a data sequence with the same depth interval, which can be fitted into a continuous curve with the well depth as the time axis.

[0198] The TW distance has certain recognition ability for the data shape distortion on the time axis of the time sequence data, and the logging curves involved in the comparison will have some shape distortions such as depth difference and amplitude difference due to the difference in the environment of the two logging.

[0199] In the present application, the determination of the depth adjustment value comprises:

[0200] According to the short gauge of the theoretical magnetic positioning curve and the measured magnetic positioning curve, the depth adjustment value is determined by using formula (3);

[0201] Depth adjustment value=(γ1-γ)+(L1-L) (3);

[0202] Wherein, gamma is a theoretical short gauge, gamma 1 is a measured short gauge, L is a predetermined gun length, and L1 is an actual gun length.

[0203] Wherein, short gauge = short gauge depth - main gauge depth.

[0204] In the present application, before the depth adjustment value is determined, further comprising:

[0205] If it is oil pipe transportation, the inclination and sharpness are used to select a normal distribution depth calibration peak on the measured natural gamma curve.

[0206] The depth adjustment value is determined by comparing the difference between the depth of the marker layer corresponding to the deeper peak of the measured natural gamma curve and the depth of the corresponding marker peak on the theoretical natural gamma curve.

[0207] If the depth adjustment value is less than the predetermined maximum adjustment value, the depth of the measured natural gamma curve is adjusted according to the depth adjustment value.

[0208] If not, the depth system is verified, and the logging process is re-performed.

[0209] In the present application, before the inclination and sharpness are used to select a normal distribution depth calibration peak on the measured natural gamma curve, the inclination and sharpness are determined, and the method comprises:

[0210] The inclination is determined by using formula (3).

[0211]

[0212] The sharpness is determined by using formula (4).

[0213]

[0214] In the formula, n is the total number of sampling points in a 2L meter treated well section, L is the length of the treated well section, z(x i ) is the amplitude of the sampling point x i , is the mean of the sampling points, and sigma is the variance of the sampling points.

[0215] In the embodiment of the present application, 05, the depth adjustment process: if the depth difference value does not exceed 1m, the foreman sends 5# command to enter the next process. If the depth difference value exceeds 1m, the depth needs to be adjusted, the foreman sends 5# command to adjust the depth error to 0; the voice prompts "lower to the starting depth and re-measure", after detecting the lowering to the starting depth, the voice broadcast is stopped, and steps 3 and 4 are repeatedly executed.

[0216] Skewness is used to describe the symmetry of the data point distribution in the variable series analysis, and Kurtosis is used to describe the steepness of the data point distribution form. The peak depth in the series (measured gamma curve) is selected in turn, and 3 meters above and below the peak depth are taken as the processing well section to calculate the skewness and kurtosis.

[0217] The skewness function is defined as formula (3), in which formula (3) is:

[0218]

[0219]

[0220] If f=0, it is considered that the distribution is symmetrical, and the distribution form has the same skewness as the normal distribution; if f>0, it is called right skewness, and the values on the right of the mean value are more than those on the left; if f<0, it is called left skewness, and the values on the left of the mean value are more than those on the right.

[0221] The function definition of kurtosis is shown as formula (4), e=0, it is considered that the steepness of the distribution form is the same as the normal distribution; e>0, it is considered that the peak shape of the distribution form is more steep than the peak shape of the normal distribution; e<0, it is considered that the peak shape of the distribution form is more gentle than the peak shape of the normal distribution. The larger the kurtosis value is, the more obvious the sharp peak near the overall mean value is.

[0222] The skewness and kurtosis are used to select the calibration depth peak on the measured natural gamma curve which conforms to the normal distribution, i.e. e≥0, and the mark peak of the theoretical natural gamma curve and the deeper peak of the measured natural gamma curve are compared to determine whether the depth of the downhole mark layer between them is consistent. If not, the difference between the two values, i.e. the depth adjustment value, needs to be determined.

[0223] It is determined whether the depth adjustment value is greater than a predetermined maximum adjustment value, wherein the predetermined maximum adjustment value is 1m. If the depth adjustment value is less than 1m, the depth of the measured natural gamma curve is increased or decreased by the depth adjustment value to make the depth of the measured natural gamma curve consistent with that of the theoretical natural gamma curve; if the depth adjustment value is greater than or equal to 1m, it is necessary to re-verify whether the depth system is normal, find out the reason why the difference between the theoretical and measured natural gamma curves is too large, adjust the normal state, and then perform logging to determine the accurate depth adjustment value; if the depth adjustment value obtained by logging after adjustment still exceeds 1m, the perforation construction cannot be performed.

[0224] In the embodiment of the present application, 06, the automatic calculation process: after the depth adjustment is completed, the main and auxiliary mark layers and the short mark are automatically compared, and the depth value is automatically marked after the comparison is successful. According to the above method, the operator sends the 6# command, and the remote ground instrument automatically calculates the depth adjustment value.

[0225] After selecting the deeper peak and short mark position on the measured natural gamma curve, the depth of the deeper peak and the highest point of the short mark is marked and displayed through the pulse counting of the wellhead photoelectric pulse generator.

[0226] Wherein, the theoretical short mark distance in formula (3) is the difference between the tubing mark (positioning) short connection depth on the theoretical magnetic positioning curve and the mark layer depth on the theoretical natural gamma curve; the measured short mark distance is the difference between the tubing mark short connection depth on the measured magnetic positioning curve and the mark layer depth on the measured natural gamma curve.

[0227] The predetermined gun head length is the distance between the nipple midpoint on the tubing short connection of the theoretical magnetic positioning curve and the shallowest perforating bullet; the actual gun head length is the distance between the nipple midpoint on the tubing short connection of the measured magnetic positioning curve and the shallowest perforating bullet.

[0228] The short mark depth is the tubing mark short connection depth on the magnetic positioning curve, and the main mark depth is the mark layer depth on the natural gamma curve.

[0229] According to the obtained depth adjustment value, the tubing is adjusted to be raised or lowered to adjust the perforating gun position, so that the perforating gun is accurately aligned with the target layer, and the depth adjustment is completed.

[0230] Wherein, in the tubing conveying perforation, the magnetic positioning curve is measured by a magnetic positioner.

[0231] 07, manual verification: the operator can stop measuring after verifying that the depth is correct, and sends a 7# command to exit the construction program.

[0232] In the application, the industrial router and the edge router access the 4G VPDN network built, and data transmission is realized through the 4G VPDN network; each industrial router is allocated with a special VPN IP, the special VPN IP of the industrial router is mapped to the corresponding remote ground instrument, and the back-end ground instrument accesses the remote ground instrument through the special VPN IP.

[0233] It can be understood that the above-mentioned various embodiments mentioned in the application can be combined with each other to form combined embodiments without violating the principle logic, and the application will not be described again due to the limited length.

[0234] In recent years, remote operation construction based on wireless networks has developed rapidly in various industries at home and abroad. 5G, big data, artificial intelligence and other new generation information technologies are promoting the development of industry. Remote medical treatment has realized trans-provincial craniotomy, 5G remote control excavator has realized cross-country operation, etc. have been successfully applied. However, companies engaged in perforation industry at home and abroad cannot realize remote control perforation construction whether using logging ground instruments or using self-developed perforation ground instruments.

[0235] The difficulties of remote control perforation mainly include: (1) Perforation is an explosive industry, and the safety control requirement in the construction process is extremely high. The perforation initiation process has the characteristics of irreversibility. The perforation depth must be accurate, and each process meets the safety and quality control standards before ignition and initiation. The existing construction mode cannot meet the safety requirements of remote control. (2) There is no matching remote perforation construction system and method. The current perforation construction program is based on the operation personnel on site, only with single machine construction function, no remote measurement and control function. (3) When the perforation team measures, compares, ignites and initiates the operation, the operator needs to observe and compare the CCL signal curve returned from the underground (the voltage signal sequence generated by the magnetic locator or natural gamma instrument is drawn into a plane curve) in real time. The whole process is continuous and uninterrupted, so the operator usually needs to observe and compare the curve during the whole process. The whole process is tedious and mechanical, and the judgment accuracy depends on the experience of the staff. In the remote mode, a single person cannot remotely control multiple ground instruments at the same time. (4) The perforation data and remote control transmission link should fully consider the reliability and safety of transmission. Both need to be transmitted and monitored through the oilfield safety domain. It cannot be directly transmitted on the public network. It is necessary to build a data transmission channel between the office network and the wireless external network.

[0236] The present application establishes a 4G VPDN-based remote controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells, realizes remote measurement and control of perforation construction, realizes remote control of multiple perforation ground instruments by one operator, accurately measures and automatically compares the perforation depth data curve, remotely controls ignition, and safely initiates the perforating gun underground, improves the work efficiency of the operator engineer, and reduces the on-site construction personnel. The problem of heavy burden on the ground instrument operator and low work efficiency in traditional perforation operation is solved.

[0237] The above has described the embodiments of the present application, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes are obvious to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The selection of the terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles, practical applications or technical improvements in the market of the embodiments, or to enable other ordinary skilled persons in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells, characterized in that, include: The system includes a remote ground instrument set up at the well site, an industrial router connected to the remote ground instrument and set up at the well site, an edge router wirelessly connected to the industrial router through relevant configuration and set up in the remote control room, and a back-end ground instrument connected to the edge router and set up in the remote control room. The back-end ground instrument sends logging commands to the remote ground instrument through the router to control the logging process. The back-end ground instrument will compare the measured logging curves obtained from the logging process sent by the remote ground instrument and received through the router with the theoretical logging curves to determine whether they meet the perforation requirements and to determine the depth adjustment value. If the perforation requirements are met, the rear-end ground instrument sends an adjustment command to the remote ground instrument based on the depth adjustment value to control the adjustment of the perforation gun's insertion depth and complete the measurement of deeper positioning. The back-end ground instrument sends a perforation command to the remote ground instrument via a router. The remote ground instrument then controls the entry into the detonation process, and the detonation perforation gun performs perforation.

2. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The relevant configurations include: Configure the WAN port IP of the edge router and configure the internal network firewall accordingly; enable the L2TPVPN server service on the edge router, configure the user password and subnet segment; configure the LAN port IP and subnet mask of the edge router's VLAN network. Configure the host IP address and gateway address of the backend ground instrument to be in the same network segment as the edge router; Configure the dial-up parameters (APN) of the industrial router for network connection; add an L2TP VPN client to the industrial router and configure it to add a VPN tunnel; add a DNAT policy to the industrial router firewall ANT to achieve the mapping between VPN address and terminal address.

3. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control for logging operations includes: cable delivery perforation operation or tubing delivery operation; The cable-transport logging process includes zeroing the depth, aligning the depth markers to zero, and measuring seven sets of couplings or measuring couplings. The tubing delivery logging process includes: zeroing the depth, aligning the depth markers to zero, and pulling up for measurement.

4. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 3, characterized in that, Setting the depth to zero includes: Align the zero point of the cable with the wellhead construction plane; The remote ground control system broadcasts voice instructions for lowering the cable and controls the execution of the cable lowering operation. The remote ground instrument detects the real-time depth of the cable being lowered, and when the real-time depth increases, it controls the system to stop the voice broadcast.

5. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 3, characterized in that, The depth notation for zero includes: Determine the ignition mark depth, and select the corresponding depth mark based on the ignition mark depth; When the depth mark on the lowered cable is at a first predetermined value from the wellhead, the remote ground instrument will issue a voice announcement that the cable is about to reach the mark and control the cable to stop being lowered. If the remote ground instrument detects that the cable has not been stopped from being lowered, it will control the alignment marking voice alarm. The remote ground instrument determines whether the detected real-time depth of the cable descent matches the depth marking. If not, the real-time depth is adjusted to the depth value marked.

6. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 3, characterized in that, The seven sets of couplings or couplings to be measured include: The remote ground instrument detects the real-time depth of the cable being lowered, and when the real-time depth is equal to the starting depth, it controls the cable to reach the starting depth and raises the measurement cable with voice broadcast. After the remote ground instrument determines that the real-time depth has decreased by a second predetermined value, it controls the cessation of voice broadcasting. At the same time, it controls the lifting of the cable to perform seven sets of coupling measurements or to perform subscript and marker coupling measurements. During the measurement process, the remote ground instrument receives the actual measurement data from the downhole instrument and compares the actual measurement data with the theoretical measurement data to determine whether there is an error. If so, it controls the re-measurement and broadcasts the voice, while controlling the re-measurement.

7. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 3, characterized in that: If an obstruction is encountered during the well logging process, then: The back-end ground instrument determines whether the obstruction depth is greater than or equal to the index depth and less than or equal to the starting measurement depth. If so, the measurement is performed normally. The back-end ground instrument determines whether the obstruction depth is greater than or equal to the standard connection depth and less than or equal to the index depth. If so, the starting measurement depth is modified to the standard connection depth + 1m, and the measurement is performed normally. The back-end ground instrument determines whether the obstruction depth is less than or equal to the standard connection depth. If yes, it determines whether the obstruction depth meets the oil layer depth requirement. If yes, it performs normal measurement. If no, it does not perform measurement or perforation operation.

8. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 7, characterized in that, The determination of whether the depth of resistance meets the oil layer depth requirement includes: Determine the resistance tolerance value; If the resistance tolerance value is greater than or equal to 0.5 meters, the oil layer depth requirement is met; otherwise, the oil layer depth requirement is not met. Wherein, the resistance tolerance value = gun tail depth when aligned with oil layer - resistance point depth = theoretical casing coupling depth + measured casing coupling depth - resistance curve depth + gun head length - oil top - correction value.

9. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The comparison includes: If the transmission is by cable, then the logging curve is a magnetic positioning curve; Determine the depth position of each coupling on the measured magnetic positioning curve; The depth of each coupling peak is determined based on the coupling depth position; The sleeve length between adjacent couplings is determined based on the difference in the peak depth of two adjacent couplings. Based on the measured magnetic positioning curve, the coupling depth position and the sleeve length are determined and compared with the corresponding theoretical magnetic positioning curve, and it is determined whether the error between the two is less than or equal to the predetermined difference. If so, the perforation requirements are met.

10. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 9, characterized in that, The method for determining the depth position of each coupling on the measured magnetic positioning curve includes: Let C be the data set of all sampling points of the coupling curve, C = (Y1, Y2, ..., Yi, ..., YN), Yi (i = 1, 2, ..., N) is the height value of the i-th sampling point of the coupling curve, and N is the number of sampling points of the coupling curve; use Equation (1) to calculate the angle A formed by the line connecting the current sampling point and the previous sampling point and the depth baseline; A=arctan((Y i+k -AND i ) / (L×k)) (1); In the formula: Y i+k Y represents the peak height value at the (i+k)th sampling point; i Let be the peak height of the i-th sampling point; L×k be the test length; L be the sampling interval; k be the number of sampling points within the test length; and A be the angle between the line connecting two coupling data points and the depth within the test length. If the included angle A is greater than a predetermined angle, then the depth position of the sampling point corresponding to the included angle is the coupling depth position.

11. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 9, characterized in that, The predetermined difference is: If it is a cable conveying perforation hole, the predetermined difference value corresponding to the depth position of the coupling is 1m, and the predetermined difference value corresponding to the length of the sleeve is 0.1m.

12. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 9, characterized in that, The determination of the depth adjustment value includes: If it is for cable delivery, the depth adjustment value = mark coupling depth + nozzle length - oil cap - correction value.

13. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The comparison includes: If the oil is transported via tubing, the logging curves are natural gamma curves and magnetic positioning curves; The depth range between the maximum depth plus a predetermined distance and the minimum depth minus a predetermined distance of the two marker peaks and the short marker on the theoretical natural gamma curve is selected as the sample well section; The dynamic time-bending distance algorithm was used to determine the curve similarity between the peak of the measured natural gamma curve and the marker layer of the theoretical natural gamma curve within the sample well section. If the similarity is greater than the predetermined similarity, then the peak is determined to be the marker peak, which meets the perforation requirements.

14. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 13, characterized in that, Methods for determining curve similarity using the dynamic time bending distance algorithm include: Use equation (2) to determine the curve similarity; In the formula: C[X i ,Y j ] represents the i-th point Xi and the j-th point Y. j Distance measure between; C(X) i ,Y j )=(X i -Y j ) 2 , where i = (1, 2, ..., n), j = (1, 2, ..., m); K is the number of curved paths; v(i) is the curved path.

15. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 13, characterized in that, The determination of the depth adjustment value includes: Based on the short gauge length of the theoretical magnetic positioning curve and the measured magnetic positioning curve, the depth adjustment value is determined using equation (3). Depth adjustment value = (γ1-γ)+(L1-L)(3); Where γ is the theoretical short gauge length, γ1 is the measured short gauge length, L is the predetermined gun head length, and L1 is the actual gun head length; Wherein, short gauge length = short gauge depth - main gauge depth.

16. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 13, characterized in that, Before determining the depth adjustment value, the method further includes: If the oil is transported via pipeline, the slope and sharpness are used to select a depth correction peak that conforms to a normal distribution on the measured natural gamma curve; The depth adjustment value is determined by comparing the difference between the depth of the marker layer corresponding to the deeper peak of the measured natural gamma curve and the depth of the corresponding marker peak on the theoretical natural gamma curve. Determine whether the depth adjustment value is less than the predetermined maximum adjustment value. If yes, adjust the measured natural gamma curve depth according to the depth adjustment value. If not, verify the depth system and repeat the logging process.

17. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 16, characterized in that, Before selecting a normally distributed peak on the measured natural gamma curve using slope and sharpness, the slope and sharpness are determined, and the method includes: Determine the slope using formula (3); Determine the sharpness using formula (4); In the formula, n is the total number of sampling points within the 2L-meter treatment section, L is the length of the treatment section, and z(x i ) represents the sampling point x i amplitude, Let σ be the mean of the sampled points, and σ be the variance of the sampled points.

18. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, A photoelectric pulse generator is installed on the wellhead pulley to detect the number of pulley rotations; The photoelectric pulse generator sends the detected number of revolutions to a remote ground instrument, which then determines the real-time depth based on the number of revolutions.

19. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The remote ground instrument is connected to the downhole signal transmission and reception system, which is used to send the logging data obtained by the downhole instrument during measurement to the remote ground instrument. If the signal is transmitted via cable, the downhole signal transmitting and receiving system is a magnetic coupling positioning and detonation system. If the oil is transported via tubing, the downhole signal transmission and reception system is a combination positioning system of natural gamma and magnetic positioner.

20. The remotely controllable perforation system for oil and gas wells according to any one of claims 1-19, characterized in that: The industrial router and the edge router are connected to the established 4G VPDN network, and data transmission is achieved through the 4G VPDN network; Each industrial router is assigned a dedicated VPN IP, which is mapped to the corresponding remote ground device. The backend ground device accesses the remote ground device through this dedicated VPN IP.

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