Dynamic double-field coupling compensation control method and system based on magnetostrictive effect

Abstract

The invention discloses a dynamic double-field coupling compensation control method and system based on a magnetostrictive effect, and the method comprises the steps: configuring a magnetic field detection unit and a signal collection unit in an electronic cabin of a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, the axial magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet, the circumferential magnetic field intensity of the excitation pulse and the amplitude and propagation time of the strain pulse generated by coupling are collected in real time, and a double-field-strain signal real-time mapping relation is constructed; according to the double-field coupling state, the pulse width and the current amplitude of the excitation pulse are dynamically adjusted through the pulse adjusting unit, parameters are corrected by combining the real-time temperature of the waveguide wire, and the coupling strength is kept stable; and correcting the sound velocity of the waveguide wire based on a temperature-sound velocity model, introducing an amplitude-coupling coefficient compensation item to calculate a target position measurement value, and controlling the power consumption of a related unit to accord with preset current and voltage limits. And the measurement precision and the environmental adaptability of the sensor are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of industrial displacement measurement technology, and more specifically, relates to a dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control method and system based on magnetostrictive effect. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of industrial displacement measurement, magnetostrictive displacement sensors are widely used due to their advantages such as wide measurement range and fast response speed. Their core principle is to generate strain pulses by coupling the magnetic field of a permanent magnet with the magnetic field of an excitation pulse, and then calculate the target position based on the propagation characteristics of the strain pulses. However, in complex actual working conditions, factors such as magnetic field attenuation and temperature fluctuations cause many bottlenecks in the measurement accuracy of traditional magnetostrictive displacement sensors, becoming key issues restricting their performance improvement.

[0003] Magnetic field attenuation is a common performance interference factor. After long-term use, the axial magnetic field strength of permanent magnets gradually decreases. Traditional sensors lack real-time monitoring of the dual-field coupling state, and relying solely on fixed excitation parameters cannot compensate for insufficient coupling strength caused by magnetic field attenuation. This leads to increased fluctuations in strain pulse amplitude and propagation time deviation, directly affecting position measurement accuracy. Simultaneously, in industrial settings, waveguide wire temperature often fluctuates due to environmental changes or operational heat generation. Temperature variations alter the waveguide wire's elastic modulus and magnetostrictive effect strength, causing not only waveguide wire sound velocity drift but also exacerbating strain pulse signal distortion. Traditional single temperature compensation or magnetic field compensation methods struggle to address both interferences, resulting in limited compensation effectiveness.

[0004] In existing technologies, magnetic field monitoring and temperature compensation are often designed independently, lacking a collaborative mechanism. This makes it difficult to simultaneously address measurement errors caused by magnetic field attenuation and temperature fluctuations, and also results in compensation lag. Consequently, the measurement accuracy and reliability of sensors under complex operating conditions are insufficient. These issues limit the application of magnetostrictive displacement sensors in high-precision and other high-end scenarios. A comprehensive technical solution that can address magnetic field attenuation and temperature interference is urgently needed, which is of great significance for promoting their application in high-end industrial fields. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to address the problem of insufficient measurement accuracy in traditional magnetostrictive displacement sensors under complex working conditions due to magnetic field attenuation and temperature fluctuations. By constructing a real-time dual-field coupling mapping, dynamically adjusting excitation parameters, and collaboratively compensating for temperature and coupling fluctuations, the measurement accuracy and environmental adaptability of the sensor in industrial scenarios are improved.

[0006] To address the aforementioned deficiencies or improvement needs of existing technologies, as a first aspect of this invention, the present invention provides a dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control method based on the magnetostrictive effect, comprising: S1. A magnetic field detection unit and a signal acquisition unit are configured in the electronic compartment of the magnetostrictive displacement sensor to acquire the axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet and the circumferential magnetic field strength of the excitation pulse in real time. The amplitude and propagation time of the strain pulse generated after the excitation pulse is coupled with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet are acquired simultaneously to construct a real-time mapping relationship between the dual field strength and the strain signal. S2. Based on the monitoring results of the dual-field coupling state, the pulse width and current amplitude of the excitation pulse are dynamically adjusted by the pulse adjustment unit: when the axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet is lower than the preset threshold, the pulse width of the excitation pulse is increased to enhance the circumferential magnetic field strength; combined with the real-time temperature of the sensor waveguide wire, the current amplitude of the excitation pulse is corrected to maintain the dual-field coupling strength within the preset range. S3. Based on the real-time temperature of the waveguide wire, the temperature-velocity model of the magnetostrictive material is used to dynamically correct the velocity of sound of the waveguide wire; combined with the amplitude fluctuation of the strain pulse, an amplitude-coupling coefficient compensation term is introduced to compensate for the product of the propagation time and the corrected velocity of sound, so as to obtain the measured value of the target position. S4. Control the power consumption of the magnetic field detection unit and the pulse adjustment unit to make them conform to the sensor's preset standard current and voltage limits.

[0007] Furthermore, the magnetic field detection unit in S1 is a magnetic field sensing assembly containing at least two magnetic field detection elements. The at least two magnetic field detection elements are used to collect the axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet and the circumferential magnetic field strength of the excitation pulse, respectively. The power consumption of the magnetic field detection elements meets the preset current and voltage limits, and the sampling frequency is not less than 100Hz. In addition, the selection of magnetic field detection elements includes Hall sensors or magnetoresistive sensors.

[0008] Furthermore, the signal acquisition unit in S1 is a signal sensing component capable of simultaneously acquiring the amplitude and propagation time of the strain pulse. The signal sensing component includes a strain signal pickup element and a time measuring element. The strain signal pickup element is used to acquire the amplitude of the strain pulse generated after the excitation pulse is coupled with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, and the time measuring element is used to acquire the propagation time of the strain pulse.

[0009] Furthermore, the process of constructing the real-time mapping relationship between the dual-field intensity and the strain signal in S1 is as follows: The real-time mapping relationship between the dual field intensities and the strain signal is constructed based on the synchronous acquisition data of the magnetic field detection unit and the signal acquisition unit. The input variables are the axial magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet and the circumferential magnetic field intensity of the excitation pulse, where the axial magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet is denoted as... The circumferential magnetic field strength of the excitation pulse is denoted as The output variables are the strain pulse amplitude and the strain pulse propagation time, where the strain pulse amplitude is denoted as... The strain pulse propagation time is denoted as ; The mapping relationship includes a strain pulse amplitude mapping model and a strain pulse propagation time mapping model, both of which are built based on the core characteristics of dual-field coupling. The strain pulse amplitude mapping model is established based on the energy transfer characteristics of dual-field coupling, realizing the coordinated characterization of pulse energy by axial and circumferential magnetic field strengths. The expression is: , The strain pulse propagation time mapping model is established based on the dual-field coupling triggering efficiency characteristics, relating the coupling strength to the pulse generation and propagation time response. The expression is as follows: , In the formula, This represents the real-time amplitude of the strain pulse. The inherent signal conversion coefficient of the sensor is determined by the waveguide wire material and the electronic chamber circuit parameters. This represents the initial axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet, which is the factory-calibrated value. The standard circumferential magnetic field strength for the excitation pulse is the calibrated value under rated operating conditions; The stable reference magnetic field strength for dual-field coupling is determined by the sensor range and measurement accuracy requirements. The standard propagation time of the strain pulse is the calibration time from one end of the waveguide wire to the other under rated operating conditions. Dynamic optimization of the mapping relationship is achieved through real-time data iteration, with the magnetic field detection unit and signal acquisition unit collecting data at the same time intervals. Data, each frame of data is used for... Make corrections to ensure that the model matches the real-time operating status of the sensors.

[0010] Furthermore, the process of adjusting the pulse width of the excitation pulse in S2 is as follows: Pulse width adjustment is based on permanent magnet magnetic field attenuation compensation logic, using the initial axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet as a reference. When the real-time acquired axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet is... The initial axial magnetic field strength is The standard excitation pulse width is At that time, the adjusted excitation pulse width satisfy: ; when At that time, the pulse width remained By maintaining the pulse width and the positive correlation between the pulse width and the circumferential magnetic field strength, synchronous compensation of the circumferential magnetic field strength is achieved when the permanent magnet's magnetic field decays, thus maintaining the stability of the dual-field coupling strength.

[0011] Furthermore, the correction process for the current amplitude of the excitation pulse in S2 is as follows: Based on the rated operating temperature of the waveguide wire and considering the real-time requirements of the dual-field coupling strength, let the real-time temperature of the waveguide wire be... Rated operating temperature is The standard excitation pulse current amplitude is The axial magnetic field strength of the real-time permanent magnet is The initial axial magnetic field strength is The corrected current amplitude satisfy: , Among them, when and hour, The increase will strengthen The increase, at the same time The attenuation will also be amplified simultaneously. The compensation coefficient is used to complete the dual excitation compensation of temperature weakening and magnetic field attenuation; when and hour, The reduction will shrink The amplitude, at the same time The enhancement will further constrain The upper limit is set to avoid overloading of the dual-field coupling strength due to dual reinforcement.

[0012] Furthermore, the temperature-velocity of sound model in S3 is specifically as follows: The temperature-velocity of sound model is constructed based on the temperature-elastic modulus correlation characteristics of magnetostrictive materials and is linked with dual-field coupling compensation logic. It characterizes the dynamic change in sound velocity by the deviation between the real-time temperature and the rated temperature of the waveguide wire. The specific expression is as follows: , in, The corrected waveguide wire sound velocity. The standard velocity of sound for a waveguide wire at its rated operating temperature. This refers to the real-time temperature of the waveguide wire. The rated operating temperature of the waveguide wire; Among them, the sound velocity of the waveguide wire is positively correlated with the elastic modulus of the material, while the elastic modulus changes inversely with increasing temperature. At that time, the elastic modulus of the waveguide wire decreases. Follow The speed of sound is reduced synchronously as the speed of sound increases, and the downward correction is achieved through the model. when At that time, the elastic modulus of the waveguide wire increases. Follow The decrease is synchronized with the increase, and the upward correction of the speed of sound is achieved through the model; During the model calculation process, real-time temperature The temperature data used for current amplitude correction in S2 is from the same source, ensuring consistency of temperature parameters and the corrected velocity of sound. It is directly used for subsequent position calculations and works in conjunction with the compensation term for strain pulse amplitude fluctuations to jointly improve the accuracy of position measurement.

[0013] Furthermore, the method for calculating the measured value of the target position in S3 is as follows: Let the corrected waveguide wire sound velocity be... The strain pulse propagation time is The real-time amplitude of the strain pulse is The standard amplitude of the strain pulse is Then the target location measurement value satisfy: , in, and The product is calculated based on the location, while Coupling stability compensation factor: when When the double-field coupling strength is lower than the rated standard, the compensation factor is greater than 1, and the measurement deviation caused by the weakened coupling is offset by amplifying the calculated value of the base position; when When the value is less than 1, it indicates that the dual-field coupling strength is higher than the rated standard. At this time, the compensation factor is less than 1. The measurement offset caused by excessive coupling is avoided by reducing the calculated value of the base position.

[0014] As a second aspect of the present invention, a dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control system based on the magnetostrictive effect is also provided, comprising: The dual-field intensity and strain signal mapping unit is used to configure the magnetic field detection unit and signal acquisition unit in the electronic chamber of the magnetostrictive displacement sensor. It can acquire the axial magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet in the sensor and the circumferential magnetic field intensity of the excitation pulse in real time, and simultaneously acquire the amplitude and propagation time of the strain pulse generated after the excitation pulse is coupled with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, and construct the real-time mapping relationship between the dual-field intensity and the strain signal. The excitation pulse parameter adjustment unit is used to dynamically adjust the pulse width and current amplitude of the excitation pulse based on the monitoring results of the dual-field coupling state. When the axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet is lower than the preset threshold, the pulse width of the excitation pulse is increased to enhance the circumferential magnetic field strength. Combined with the real-time temperature of the sensor waveguide wire, the current amplitude of the excitation pulse is corrected to maintain the dual-field coupling strength within the preset range. The sound velocity correction and position calculation unit is used to dynamically correct the sound velocity of the waveguide wire based on the real-time temperature of the waveguide wire and by calling the temperature-sound velocity model of the magnetostrictive material. Combined with the amplitude fluctuation of the strain pulse, an amplitude-coupling coefficient compensation term is introduced to compensate for the product of the propagation time and the corrected sound velocity, so as to obtain the measured value of the target position. The power consumption adaptation unit is used to control the operating power consumption of the magnetic field detection unit and the pulse adjustment unit, so that it meets the preset standard current and voltage limits of the sensor.

[0015] As a third aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, on which a computer program is stored, the computer program being executed by a processor of the described dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control method based on magnetostriction effect.

[0016] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1. The dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control method based on magnetostriction effect of this invention achieves accurate monitoring of the dual-field coupling state by simultaneously acquiring the axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet and the circumferential magnetic field strength of the excitation pulse, and combining the amplitude and propagation time of the strain pulse to construct a real-time mapping relationship. This mapping relationship is based on the energy transfer and triggering efficiency characteristics of dual-field coupling, eliminating the need for additional adjustable parameters. All variables originate from real-time sensor data acquisition or factory calibration values, effectively avoiding the problem of misjudgment of coupling state in traditional single-signal monitoring. Through this mapping relationship, the dynamic changes in dual-field coupling strength can be captured in real time, providing accurate data support for subsequent excitation parameter adjustments, ensuring the pertinence and timeliness of compensation control, and solving the problem of untimely compensation caused by the lag in coupling state monitoring in traditional methods.

[0017] 2. The dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control method based on the magnetostrictive effect of this invention achieves stable control of the dual-field coupling strength by dynamically adjusting the pulse width and current amplitude of the excitation pulse through a pulse adjustment unit. When the axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet is lower than a preset threshold, the pulse width of the excitation pulse is increased to enhance the circumferential magnetic field strength, compensating for insufficient coupling strength caused by magnetic field attenuation. Combined with the real-time temperature correction current amplitude of the waveguide wire, it adapts to the fluctuations in the magnetostrictive effect caused by temperature changes. This adjustment process coordinates magnetic field attenuation compensation and temperature adaptation correction, breaking through the limitations of traditional single-parameter adjustment, ensuring that the dual-field coupling strength is always maintained within the preset range, providing a guarantee for the stable generation of strain pulses, and effectively solving the problem of decreased measurement accuracy caused by coupling strength fluctuations under complex working conditions.

[0018] 3. The dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control method based on magnetostriction effect of this invention corrects the waveguide wire sound velocity through a temperature-sound velocity model and incorporates a compensation term based on strain pulse amplitude fluctuations to calculate the target position measurement. The sound velocity correction is based on the temperature-elastic modulus correlation characteristics of the waveguide wire, ensuring that the sound velocity parameter matches the real-time temperature; the amplitude compensation term is dynamically adjusted according to the stability of the dual-field coupling to offset the influence of coupling strength fluctuations on the measurement results. This calculation method achieves synergistic compensation for both temperature interference and coupling fluctuations. All correction parameters are derived from the aforementioned monitoring data, forming a closed-loop data chain of "monitoring-adjustment-calculation". Compared to the traditional single calculation mode of "sound velocity × time", this method significantly improves the position measurement accuracy in complex environments. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control method based on the magnetostrictive effect according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a magnetostrictive displacement sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the system units in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0021] Example 1 Please refer to Figure 1 This embodiment 1 provides a dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control method based on the magnetostrictive effect, including: S1. A magnetic field detection unit and a signal acquisition unit are configured in the electronic compartment of the magnetostrictive displacement sensor to acquire the axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet and the circumferential magnetic field strength of the excitation pulse in real time. The amplitude and propagation time of the strain pulse generated after the excitation pulse is coupled with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet are acquired simultaneously to construct a real-time mapping relationship between the dual field strength and the strain signal. S2. Based on the monitoring results of the dual-field coupling state, the pulse width and current amplitude of the excitation pulse are dynamically adjusted by the pulse adjustment unit: when the axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet is lower than the preset threshold, the pulse width of the excitation pulse is increased to enhance the circumferential magnetic field strength; combined with the real-time temperature of the sensor waveguide wire, the current amplitude of the excitation pulse is corrected to maintain the dual-field coupling strength within the preset range. S3. Based on the real-time temperature of the waveguide wire, the temperature-velocity model of the magnetostrictive material is used to dynamically correct the velocity of sound of the waveguide wire; combined with the amplitude fluctuation of the strain pulse, an amplitude-coupling coefficient compensation term is introduced to compensate for the product of the propagation time and the corrected velocity of sound, so as to obtain the measured value of the target position. S4. Control the power consumption of the magnetic field detection unit and the pulse adjustment unit to make them conform to the sensor's preset standard current and voltage limits.

[0022] like Figure 2 The magnetostrictive displacement sensor shown serves as the hardware carrier for the compensation control method in Embodiment 1. Its rod-shaped body houses a waveguide wire and a permanent magnet. The red module at the top integrates a magnetic field detection unit, a signal acquisition unit, and a pulse adjustment unit. The tail cable is used for data transmission and power supply. The core methods of this invention, such as dual-field intensity acquisition, excitation parameter adjustment, and sound velocity correction, are all implemented using the hardware components of this sensor. The magnetic field detection unit acquires the axial magnetic field of the permanent magnet and the circumferential magnetic field of the excitation pulse through its built-in sensing element. The pulse adjustment unit dynamically adjusts the excitation parameters based on the acquired data. The signal acquisition unit synchronously captures strain pulse information. Finally, through the compensation control logic of this embodiment, the precise measurement of the target position is achieved, providing the physical support for the practical application of the method.

[0023] Next, this embodiment 1 will further elaborate on the above steps.

[0024] (1) Mapping of dual-field intensity and strain signals In practical applications of magnetostrictive displacement sensors, the precise correlation between the magnetic field and strain signal is the core foundation for improving measurement accuracy. Traditional sensors often suffer from measurement errors due to signal mapping deviations because they lack dynamic sensing of the dual-field coupling state. Therefore, a dedicated magnetic field detection unit and signal acquisition unit need to be configured within the sensor's electronic compartment. Through the collaborative work of these two units, multi-dimensional signals can be captured synchronously, providing reliable data support for subsequent compensation control.

[0025] The magnetic field detection unit employs a combined sensing structure comprising at least two magnetic field detection elements. Each element has a specific function and complements the others: one element is dedicated to acquiring the axial magnetic field strength generated by the permanent magnet, while the other focuses on capturing the circumferential magnetic field strength formed by the excitation pulse, ensuring independent acquisition and accurate differentiation of the dual field strength data. The selected magnetic field detection elements must meet the performance and power consumption requirements of practical applications. The operating current and voltage must be controlled within preset limits, and the sampling frequency must be no less than 100Hz to ensure real-time signal acquisition. The element type can be selected from compatible models such as Hall effect sensors or magnetoresistive sensors according to the application scenario requirements.

[0026] The signal acquisition unit, as the core component for strain signal capture, integrates strain signal pickup elements and time measurement elements to form a complete signal acquisition chain. The strain signal pickup element is responsible for sensing the strain pulse generated after the excitation pulse couples with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet and converting it into a quantifiable amplitude signal; the time measurement element accurately records the complete time from the generation of the strain pulse to its propagation to the detection end, realizing accurate measurement of the pulse propagation time. The two work together to ensure that the amplitude and propagation time data of the strain pulse are acquired synchronously, avoiding mapping deviations caused by data asynchrony.

[0027] The real-time mapping relationship between dual-field intensity and strain signal is constructed based on the synchronous acquisition data of two sets of elements. The specific construction process is as follows: The real-time mapping relationship between the dual field intensities and the strain signal is constructed based on the synchronous acquisition data of the magnetic field detection unit and the signal acquisition unit. The input variables are the axial magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet and the circumferential magnetic field intensity of the excitation pulse, where the axial magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet is denoted as... The circumferential magnetic field strength of the excitation pulse is denoted as The output variables are the strain pulse amplitude and the strain pulse propagation time, where the strain pulse amplitude is denoted as... The strain pulse propagation time is denoted as ; The mapping relationship includes a strain pulse amplitude mapping model and a strain pulse propagation time mapping model, both of which are built based on the core characteristics of dual-field coupling. The strain pulse amplitude mapping model is established based on the energy transfer characteristics of dual-field coupling, realizing the coordinated characterization of pulse energy by axial and circumferential magnetic field strengths. The expression is: , The strain pulse propagation time mapping model is established based on the dual-field coupling triggering efficiency characteristics, relating the coupling strength to the pulse generation and propagation time response. The expression is as follows: , In the formula, This represents the real-time amplitude of the strain pulse. The inherent signal conversion coefficient of the sensor is determined by the waveguide wire material and the electronic chamber circuit parameters. This represents the initial axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet, which is the factory-calibrated value. The standard circumferential magnetic field strength for the excitation pulse is the calibrated value under rated operating conditions; The stable reference magnetic field strength for dual-field coupling is determined by the sensor range and measurement accuracy requirements. The standard propagation time of the strain pulse is the calibration time from one end of the waveguide wire to the other under rated operating conditions. To ensure that the mapping relationship always matches the real-time operating status of the sensor, the dynamic optimization of the mapping relationship is achieved through real-time data iteration. The magnetic field detection unit and the signal acquisition unit collect data at the same time intervals. The data, each newly collected set of data will be used to analyze... The mapping relationship is corrected to dynamically adapt to fluctuations in operating conditions caused by magnetic field attenuation and environmental changes, thereby continuously ensuring the accuracy of signal correlation.

[0028] (2) Adjustment of excitation pulse parameters During the operation of the magnetostrictive displacement sensor, the attenuation of the permanent magnet's magnetic field and the temperature fluctuation of the waveguide wire will directly cause the dual-field coupling strength to deviate from the ideal range, thereby affecting the stability of the strain pulse signal. The traditional method of fixing the excitation parameters is difficult to adapt to the dynamic changes in the working conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to dynamically adjust the key parameters of the excitation pulse through the pulse adjustment unit to maintain the stability of the dual-field coupling strength.

[0029] Pulse width adjustment is based on permanent magnet magnetic field attenuation compensation logic, using the initial axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet as a reference. When the real-time acquired axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet is... The initial axial magnetic field strength is The standard excitation pulse width is At that time, the adjusted excitation pulse width satisfy: ; When the axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet is collected in real time Below the initial value If the magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet is attenuated, it indicates that the permanent magnet is experiencing magnetic field decay. In this case, the circumferential magnetic field strength generated by the excitation pulse is increased by increasing the pulse width. Since the pulse width and the circumferential magnetic field strength are positively correlated, increasing the pulse width can directly compensate for the insufficient coupling strength caused by the magnetic field decay of the permanent magnet. If the axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet acquired in real time is not lower than the initial value, the standard excitation pulse width is kept unchanged to avoid energy loss or signal distortion caused by over-excitation and to ensure that the dual-field coupling strength is maintained within a reasonable range.

[0030] The correction of the current amplitude takes into account both the effects of waveguide wire temperature changes and permanent magnet magnetic field attenuation. The rated operating temperature of the waveguide wire and the initial axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet are used as dual benchmarks, combined with the standard excitation pulse current amplitude to determine the adjustment basis. The magnetostrictive effect of the waveguide wire fluctuates with temperature changes, weakening as the temperature rises and strengthening as the temperature falls. Furthermore, the attenuation of the permanent magnet magnetic field further exacerbates the problem of insufficient coupling strength. Therefore, the current amplitude adjustment needs to link two types of parameters: When the real-time temperature of the waveguide wire is higher than the rated operating temperature, and the real-time axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet is lower than the initial value, the weakening of the magnetostrictive effect caused by temperature and the magnetic field attenuation will have a combined effect on the coupling strength. In this case, the increase in current amplitude will be strengthened, and dual compensation ensures that the circumferential magnetic field excitation strength matches the coupling requirements. When the real-time temperature of the waveguide wire is lower than the rated operating temperature, and the real-time axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet is higher than the initial value, the strengthened effect of temperature and the enhanced magnetic field may cause the coupling strength to overload. In this case, the current amplitude will be reduced, and the constraint effect of the enhanced magnetic field will further control the upper limit of the current to prevent the coupling strength from exceeding the limit.

[0031] Specifically, the correction process for the current amplitude of the excitation pulse is as follows: Based on the rated operating temperature of the waveguide wire and considering the real-time requirements of the dual-field coupling strength, let the real-time temperature of the waveguide wire be... Rated operating temperature is The standard excitation pulse current amplitude is The axial magnetic field strength of the real-time permanent magnet is The initial axial magnetic field strength is The corrected current amplitude satisfy: , Among them, when and hour, The increase will strengthen The increase, at the same time The attenuation will also be amplified simultaneously. The compensation coefficient is used to complete the dual excitation compensation of temperature weakening and magnetic field attenuation; when and hour, The reduction will shrink The amplitude, at the same time The enhancement will further constrain The upper limit is set to avoid overloading of the dual-field coupling strength due to dual reinforcement.

[0032] The entire adjustment process forms a dynamic closed-loop optimization mechanism. Each time the pulse adjustment unit completes an adjustment of the pulse width and current amplitude, it immediately and synchronously acquires updated data on the permanent magnet axial magnetic field strength and waveguide wire temperature. Based on the new operating data, it recalculates and optimizes the pulse width and current amplitude parameters for the next round. This continuous iterative adjustment method ensures that the excitation pulse parameters are always precisely matched with the real-time operating conditions, keeping the dual-field coupling strength stably within the preset range, providing a reliable guarantee for the stable generation and accurate acquisition of subsequent strain pulse signals.

[0033] (3) Sound speed correction and position calculation In position measurement using magnetostrictive displacement sensors, the sound velocity of the waveguide wire is a core parameter for calculating the target position. However, temperature fluctuations alter the elastic modulus of the waveguide wire, leading to sound velocity drift. Simultaneously, fluctuations in the dual-field coupling strength can cause deviations in the strain pulse amplitude. Both of these factors directly affect the accuracy of position measurement. Traditional measurement methods, which only use a fixed sound velocity and do not consider compensation for coupling fluctuations, are insufficient to meet the accuracy requirements under complex working conditions. Therefore, a synergistic effect of dynamic sound velocity correction and coupling fluctuation compensation is needed to improve the accuracy of target position measurements.

[0034] The dynamic correction of sound velocity is achieved by constructing a temperature-sound velocity model based on the temperature-elastic modulus correlation characteristics of magnetostrictive materials. This model is linked with dual-field coupling compensation logic to ensure consistent parameter adjustments. The sound velocity of the waveguide wire is positively correlated with its material's elastic modulus, while the elastic modulus changes inversely with increasing temperature. The temperature-sound velocity model utilizes this characteristic to dynamically correct the sound velocity based on the deviation between the waveguide wire's real-time temperature and its rated operating temperature. The specific temperature-sound velocity model is as follows: The temperature-velocity of sound model is constructed based on the temperature-elastic modulus correlation characteristics of magnetostrictive materials and is linked with dual-field coupling compensation logic. It characterizes the dynamic change in sound velocity by the deviation between the real-time temperature and the rated temperature of the waveguide wire. The specific expression is as follows: , in, The corrected waveguide wire sound velocity. The standard velocity of sound for a waveguide wire at its rated operating temperature. This refers to the real-time temperature of the waveguide wire. The rated operating temperature of the waveguide wire; Among them, the sound velocity of the waveguide wire is positively correlated with the elastic modulus of the material, while the elastic modulus changes inversely with increasing temperature. At that time, the elastic modulus of the waveguide wire decreases. Follow The speed of sound is reduced synchronously as the speed of sound increases, and the downward correction is achieved through the model. when At that time, the elastic modulus of the waveguide wire increases. Follow The decrease is synchronized with the increase, and the upward correction of the speed of sound is achieved through the model; During the model calculation process, real-time temperature The temperature data used for current amplitude correction in S2 is from the same source, ensuring consistency of temperature parameters and the corrected velocity of sound. It is directly used for subsequent position calculations and works in conjunction with the compensation term for strain pulse amplitude fluctuations to jointly improve the accuracy of position measurement.

[0035] The calculation of the target position measurement requires combining the corrected sound velocity and the propagation time and amplitude fluctuation data of the strain pulse to form a multi-parameter collaborative calculation logic. The calculation first uses the product of the corrected sound velocity and the strain pulse propagation time as the basic position calculation value, which reflects the basic distance characteristics of strain pulse propagation on the waveguide wire. To compensate for the measurement deviation caused by fluctuations in the dual-field coupling intensity, an amplitude-coupling coefficient compensation term based on the strain pulse amplitude is introduced during the calculation process. Specifically, the method for calculating the target position measurement is as follows: Let the corrected waveguide wire sound velocity be... The strain pulse propagation time is The real-time amplitude of the strain pulse is The standard amplitude of the strain pulse is Then the target location measurement value satisfy: , in, and The product is calculated based on the location, while Coupling stability compensation factor: when When the double-field coupling strength is lower than the rated standard, the compensation factor is greater than 1, and the measurement deviation caused by the weakened coupling is offset by amplifying the calculated value of the base position; when When the value is less than 1, it indicates that the dual-field coupling strength is higher than the rated standard. At this time, the compensation factor is less than 1. The measurement offset caused by excessive coupling is avoided by reducing the calculated value of the base position.

[0036] This calculation method, which combines sound speed temperature correction with coupling fluctuation compensation, enables the final target position measurement to effectively avoid the dual interference of temperature and coupling fluctuation, significantly improving measurement accuracy.

[0037] (4) Power consumption adaptation In the operation of a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, the magnetic field detection unit and pulse adjustment unit are core working modules. Their power consumption directly affects the sensor's stable operation and lifespan, especially in scenarios with strict energy consumption requirements. Power consumption control is crucial for ensuring sensor compatibility. If the power consumption of these two units exceeds the preset range, it may not only cause the sensor circuit to overheat and shorten component lifespan, but also lead to abnormal load on the power supply system, affecting the stability of the overall measurement system. Therefore, a dedicated power consumption control mechanism needs to be established for these two units to ensure that their current and voltage always meet the sensor's preset standard limits during operation.

[0038] The core of power consumption control lies in the coordinated operation of real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment. Firstly, a power consumption monitoring module needs to be integrated into the sensor's electronic compartment. This module establishes a circuit connection with the magnetic field detection unit and the pulse adjustment unit, collecting the current and voltage values ​​of both units in real time. The collected current and voltage data are transmitted to the control module in real time. The control module has preset standard current and voltage limits for the sensor. These limits are determined by comprehensively considering factors such as the sensor's hardware materials, circuit design parameters, and expected lifespan, providing a clear basis for power consumption judgment.

[0039] Different power consumption control strategies are adopted to address the different operating characteristics of each unit. The power consumption of the magnetic field detection unit is mainly related to the sampling frequency. When the current or voltage exceeds the limit, the control module will appropriately reduce the sampling frequency without affecting the measurement accuracy, thereby reducing energy consumption per unit time. After the power consumption returns to the limit, the sampling frequency will be gradually restored according to the operating conditions. If the power consumption still exceeds the limit after reducing the sampling frequency, the hardware-level circuit protection mechanism will be triggered to briefly adjust the operating voltage of the detection element to ensure power consumption stability.

[0040] The power consumption of the pulse adjustment unit is directly related to the pulse width and current amplitude of the excitation pulse, and its adjustment needs to be linked with the dual-field coupling compensation logic. When the power consumption of this unit exceeds the limit, the control module will combine the real-time monitoring results of the dual-field coupling state and, while maintaining the stability of the coupling strength, fine-tune the pulse width and current amplitude of the excitation pulse—reducing energy consumption by narrowing the pulse width or lowering the current amplitude, while ensuring that the adjusted parameters still meet the preset requirements of the dual-field coupling strength, thus avoiding the impact of power consumption control on measurement accuracy.

[0041] The entire power consumption control process forms a closed-loop management system. The power consumption monitoring module continuously collects data and feeds it back to the control module. The control module dynamically optimizes and adjusts the strategy based on real-time data to ensure that the power consumption of the magnetic field detection unit and the pulse adjustment unit is always within the preset standard current and voltage limits. This not only ensures the stable operation of the sensor core module, but also provides energy-level support for the continuous stability of measurement accuracy.

[0042] The method described in this embodiment, with its ability to synergistically compensate for magnetic field attenuation and temperature fluctuations, has broad application prospects in the field of industrial displacement measurement. In high-precision manufacturing scenarios such as machine tool processing and automated production lines, it can effectively solve the measurement deviation problem caused by changes in working conditions of traditional sensors, providing reliable data support for equipment positioning and workpiece processing accuracy control, and helping to improve the stability of the production process and the product qualification rate. In complex environment monitoring scenarios such as engineering machinery and rail transportation, its dynamically adaptable parameter adjustment mechanism can cope with harsh working conditions such as vibration and sudden temperature changes, meet the high-precision requirements of displacement monitoring of key components, and ensure the safe operation of equipment.

[0043] Meanwhile, this method, through a precise power consumption control mechanism, can flexibly adapt to current and voltage limitations in different scenarios. Without increasing hardware costs, it balances measurement accuracy and energy consumption optimization, creating conditions for the application of sensors in industrial IoT devices requiring low power consumption and long battery life. With the continuous development of industrial automation and intelligent monitoring technologies, the requirements for displacement measurement accuracy and environmental adaptability are constantly increasing. The dual-field collaborative compensation and dynamic parameter optimization features of this method can adapt to the high-end monitoring needs of multiple industries, providing technical support for the application expansion of magnetostrictive displacement sensors in high-precision, complex working conditions, and demonstrating significant practical value and market potential.

[0044] Example 2 Please refer to Figure 3 This embodiment 2 provides a dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control system based on the magnetostrictive effect, including: The dual-field intensity and strain signal mapping unit is used to configure the magnetic field detection unit and signal acquisition unit in the electronic chamber of the magnetostrictive displacement sensor. It can acquire the axial magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet in the sensor and the circumferential magnetic field intensity of the excitation pulse in real time, and simultaneously acquire the amplitude and propagation time of the strain pulse generated after the excitation pulse is coupled with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, and construct the real-time mapping relationship between the dual-field intensity and the strain signal. The excitation pulse parameter adjustment unit is used to dynamically adjust the pulse width and current amplitude of the excitation pulse based on the monitoring results of the dual-field coupling state. When the axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet is lower than the preset threshold, the pulse width of the excitation pulse is increased to enhance the circumferential magnetic field strength. Combined with the real-time temperature of the sensor waveguide wire, the current amplitude of the excitation pulse is corrected to maintain the dual-field coupling strength within the preset range. The sound velocity correction and position calculation unit is used to dynamically correct the sound velocity of the waveguide wire based on the real-time temperature of the waveguide wire and by calling the temperature-sound velocity model of the magnetostrictive material. Combined with the amplitude fluctuation of the strain pulse, an amplitude-coupling coefficient compensation term is introduced to compensate for the product of the propagation time and the corrected sound velocity, so as to obtain the measured value of the target position. The power consumption adaptation unit is used to control the operating power consumption of the magnetic field detection unit and the pulse adjustment unit, so that it meets the preset standard current and voltage limits of the sensor.

[0045] Example 3 This embodiment 3 also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it can implement any step of a dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control method based on magnetostriction effect.

[0046] The computer-readable storage medium may include various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0047] For a description of the computer-readable storage medium provided in this application, please refer to the above method embodiments; further details will not be repeated here.

[0048] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control method based on magnetostriction effect, characterized in that, include: S1. A magnetic field detection unit and a signal acquisition unit are configured in the electronic compartment of the magnetostrictive displacement sensor to acquire the axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet and the circumferential magnetic field strength of the excitation pulse in real time. The amplitude and propagation time of the strain pulse generated after the excitation pulse is coupled with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet are acquired simultaneously to construct a real-time mapping relationship between the dual field strength and the strain signal. S2. Based on the monitoring results of the dual-field coupling state, the pulse width and current amplitude of the excitation pulse are dynamically adjusted by the pulse adjustment unit: when the axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet is lower than the preset threshold, the pulse width of the excitation pulse is increased to enhance the circumferential magnetic field strength; By combining the real-time temperature of the sensor waveguide wire, the current amplitude of the excitation pulse is corrected to maintain the dual-field coupling strength within a preset range; S3. Based on the real-time temperature of the waveguide wire, the temperature-velocity model of the magnetostrictive material is used to dynamically correct the velocity of sound of the waveguide wire; combined with the amplitude fluctuation of the strain pulse, an amplitude-coupling coefficient compensation term is introduced to compensate for the product of the propagation time and the corrected velocity of sound, so as to obtain the measured value of the target position. S4. Control the power consumption of the magnetic field detection unit and the pulse adjustment unit to make them conform to the sensor's preset standard current and voltage limits.

2. The dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control method based on magnetostriction effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic field detection unit in S1 is a magnetic field sensing assembly containing at least two magnetic field detection elements. The at least two magnetic field detection elements are used to collect the axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet and the circumferential magnetic field strength of the excitation pulse, respectively. The power consumption of the magnetic field detection elements meets the preset current and voltage limits, and the sampling frequency is not less than 100Hz. In addition, the selection of magnetic field detection elements includes Hall sensors or magnetoresistive sensors.

3. The dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control method based on magnetostriction effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal acquisition unit in S1 is a signal sensing component that can synchronously acquire the amplitude and propagation time of the strain pulse. The signal sensing component includes a strain signal pickup element and a time measuring element. The strain signal pickup element is used to acquire the amplitude of the strain pulse generated after the excitation pulse is coupled with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, and the time measuring element is used to acquire the propagation time of the strain pulse.

4. The dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control method based on magnetostriction effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of constructing the real-time mapping relationship between the dual-field intensity and the strain signal in S1 is as follows: The real-time mapping relationship between the dual field intensities and the strain signal is constructed based on the synchronous acquisition data of the magnetic field detection unit and the signal acquisition unit. The input variables are the axial magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet and the circumferential magnetic field intensity of the excitation pulse, where the axial magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet is denoted as... The circumferential magnetic field strength of the excitation pulse is denoted as ; The output variables are the strain pulse amplitude and the strain pulse propagation time, where the strain pulse amplitude is denoted as... The strain pulse propagation time is denoted as ; The mapping relationship includes a strain pulse amplitude mapping model and a strain pulse propagation time mapping model, both of which are built based on the core characteristics of dual-field coupling. The strain pulse amplitude mapping model is established based on the energy transfer characteristics of dual-field coupling, realizing the coordinated characterization of pulse energy by axial and circumferential magnetic field strengths. The expression is: ， The strain pulse propagation time mapping model is established based on the dual-field coupling triggering efficiency characteristics, relating the coupling strength to the pulse generation and propagation time response. The expression is as follows: ， In the formula, This represents the real-time amplitude of the strain pulse. The inherent signal conversion coefficient of the sensor is determined by the waveguide wire material and the electronic chamber circuit parameters. This represents the initial axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet, which is the factory-calibrated value. The standard circumferential magnetic field strength for the excitation pulse is the calibrated value under rated operating conditions; The stable reference magnetic field strength for dual-field coupling is determined by the sensor range and measurement accuracy requirements. The standard propagation time of the strain pulse is the calibration time from one end of the waveguide wire to the other under rated operating conditions. Dynamic optimization of the mapping relationship is achieved through real-time data iteration, with the magnetic field detection unit and signal acquisition unit collecting data at the same time intervals. Data, each frame of data is used for... Make corrections to ensure that the model matches the real-time operating status of the sensors.

5. The dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control method based on magnetostriction effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of adjusting the pulse width of the excitation pulse in S2 is as follows: Pulse width adjustment is based on permanent magnet magnetic field attenuation compensation logic, using the initial axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet as a reference. When the real-time acquired axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet is... The initial axial magnetic field strength is The standard excitation pulse width is At that time, the adjusted excitation pulse width satisfy: ; when At that time, the pulse width remained By maintaining the pulse width and the positive correlation between the pulse width and the circumferential magnetic field strength, synchronous compensation of the circumferential magnetic field strength is achieved when the permanent magnet's magnetic field decays, thus maintaining the stability of the dual-field coupling strength.

6. The dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control method based on magnetostriction effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The correction process for the current amplitude of the excitation pulse in S2 is as follows: Based on the rated operating temperature of the waveguide wire and considering the real-time requirements of the dual-field coupling strength, let the real-time temperature of the waveguide wire be... Rated operating temperature is The standard excitation pulse current amplitude is The axial magnetic field strength of the real-time permanent magnet is The initial axial magnetic field strength is The corrected current amplitude satisfy: ， Among them, when and hour, The increase will strengthen The increase, at the same time The attenuation will also be amplified simultaneously. The compensation coefficient is used to complete the dual excitation compensation of temperature weakening and magnetic field attenuation; when and hour, The reduction will shrink The amplitude, at the same time The enhancement will further constrain The upper limit is set to avoid overloading of the dual-field coupling strength due to dual reinforcement.

7. The dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control method based on magnetostriction effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature-velocity of sound model in S3 is specifically... The temperature-velocity of sound model is constructed based on the temperature-elastic modulus correlation characteristics of magnetostrictive materials and is linked with dual-field coupling compensation logic. It characterizes the dynamic change in sound velocity by the deviation between the real-time temperature and the rated temperature of the waveguide wire. The specific expression is as follows: ， in, The corrected waveguide wire sound velocity. The standard velocity of sound for a waveguide wire at its rated operating temperature. This refers to the real-time temperature of the waveguide wire. The rated operating temperature of the waveguide wire; Among them, the sound velocity of the waveguide wire is positively correlated with the elastic modulus of the material, while the elastic modulus changes inversely with increasing temperature. At that time, the elastic modulus of the waveguide wire decreases. Follow The speed of sound is reduced synchronously as the speed of sound increases, and the downward correction is achieved through the model. when At that time, the elastic modulus of the waveguide wire increases. Follow The decrease is synchronized with the increase, and the upward correction of the speed of sound is achieved through the model; During the model calculation process, real-time temperature The temperature data used for current amplitude correction in S2 is from the same source, ensuring consistency of temperature parameters and the corrected velocity of sound. It is directly used for subsequent position calculations and works in conjunction with the compensation term for strain pulse amplitude fluctuations to jointly improve the accuracy of position measurement.

8. The dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control method based on magnetostriction effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for calculating the measured value of the target position in S3 is as follows: Let the corrected waveguide wire sound velocity be... The strain pulse propagation time is The real-time amplitude of the strain pulse is The standard amplitude of the strain pulse is Then the target location measurement value satisfy: ， in, and The product is calculated based on the location, while Coupling stability compensation factor: when When the double-field coupling strength is lower than the rated standard, the compensation factor is greater than 1, and the measurement deviation caused by the weakened coupling is offset by amplifying the calculated value of the base position; when When the value is less than 1, it indicates that the dual-field coupling strength is higher than the rated standard. At this time, the compensation factor is less than 1. The measurement offset caused by excessive coupling is avoided by reducing the calculated value of the base position.

9. A dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control system based on magnetostrictive effect, characterized in that, include: The dual-field intensity and strain signal mapping unit is used to configure the magnetic field detection unit and signal acquisition unit in the electronic chamber of the magnetostrictive displacement sensor. It can acquire the axial magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet in the sensor and the circumferential magnetic field intensity of the excitation pulse in real time, and simultaneously acquire the amplitude and propagation time of the strain pulse generated after the excitation pulse is coupled with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, and construct the real-time mapping relationship between the dual-field intensity and the strain signal. The excitation pulse parameter adjustment unit is used to dynamically adjust the pulse width and current amplitude of the excitation pulse based on the monitoring results of the dual-field coupling state. When the axial magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet is lower than the preset threshold, the pulse width of the excitation pulse is increased to enhance the circumferential magnetic field strength. By combining the real-time temperature of the sensor waveguide wire, the current amplitude of the excitation pulse is corrected to maintain the dual-field coupling strength within a preset range; The sound velocity correction and position calculation unit is used to dynamically correct the sound velocity of the waveguide wire based on the real-time temperature of the waveguide wire by calling the temperature-sound velocity model of the magnetostrictive material. By combining the amplitude fluctuation of the strain pulse, an amplitude-coupling coefficient compensation term is introduced to compensate for the product of the propagation time and the corrected sound velocity, and the measured value of the target position is obtained. The power consumption adaptation unit is used to control the operating power consumption of the magnetic field detection unit and the pulse adjustment unit, so that it meets the preset standard current and voltage limits of the sensor.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, The computer program is executed by a processor according to any one of claims 1-8, which describes a dynamic dual-field coupling compensation control method based on magnetostriction effect.

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