Optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of optical modules, and particularly discloses an optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication, which comprises an optical module body, the optical module body comprises a shell base and a shell upper cover which jointly form a shell structure of the optical module body, an electrical interface, a pin header structure, the distribution and number of pin headers is any one of 2 * 10, 2 * 8, 2 * 6, 2 * 5, 1 * 10 or 1 * 12, and the optical interface is connected with the shell base and the shell upper cover. According to the optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication, an optical fiber connector structure derived based on SAE-USCAR vehicle-mounted electric connector standard is adopted, the optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication integrates fixing and heat dissipation, the connection stability of an electric interface and an optical interface in a vibration environment is improved, the problem of communication instability or interruption easily occurring in vehicle-mounted and other frequent vibration scenes of a traditional optical module is effectively solved, and the optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication is suitable for popularization and application. Meanwhile, the integrated heat dissipation structure improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the optical module body, and remarkably improves the overall reliability and environmental adaptability of an optical communication system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of optical module technology, and particularly relates to an optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of new applications and technologies such as the Internet of Things, AI, and autonomous driving, fiber optic communication is rapidly moving from traditional fixed networks to high-end equipment such as automobiles, trains, airplanes, and ships to meet the high-speed transmission and processing of large amounts of information within these devices. Previously, cables were used to transmit low-speed signals within these devices. However, as the amount of information transmitted increases and the requirements for transmission rates rise, existing cables can no longer meet the demands of high-speed signal transmission. Furthermore, to prevent radiation and interference from high-speed electrical signals, additional shielding materials are required, effectively increasing the weight of the equipment. For example, in cars equipped with automatic parking and autonomous driving systems, there are high-definition cameras, radars, and other sensors and controllers on all sides. To ensure low-latency information transmission and timely information processing and control command issuance, the fiber optic transmission rate requirement has reached 10Gb / s. Therefore, solutions for vehicle-mounted fiber optic communication and vehicle-mounted optical modules have become a research hotspot in the automotive and communications industries in recent years.

[0003] In applications with frequent vibrations, such as vehicle-mounted, airborne, and shipborne applications, traditional optical communication modules cannot guarantee the high reliability of both the electrical and optical interfaces, which may lead to communication instability and interruption risks. Therefore, this needs to be improved. To this end, an optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication, comprising an optical module body, The optical module body includes: The base and the top cover together form the outer shell structure of the optical module body; The electrical interface adopts a pin header structure, wherein the distribution and number of the pin headers are any one of 2*10, 2*8, 2*6, 2*5, 1*10 or 1*12; The optical interface adopts a fiber optic connector structure derived from the SAE-USCAR automotive electrical connector standard, or can be selected from one of the fiber optic connector types such as FC, Mini FC, ST, etc., to achieve a highly stable optical signal connection. The PCBA board, with the aforementioned pin header, is connected to the single-fiber bidirectional BOSA optical component via Tx and Rx flexible boards, and is used to drive the laser, modulate the signal, detect the detector signal, and monitor the working status of the optical interface. A single-fiber bidirectional BOSA optical component is installed at a predetermined position on a PCBA to realize the transmission and reception of optical signals, and to achieve wavelength division multiplexing single-fiber bidirectional transmission through a filter. The single-fiber bidirectional BOSA optical component includes a TO46 flat-window laser, a TO46 ball-cap detector, a 45-degree filter, a 0-degree filter, a ball lens, a three-way tube, and a US adapter assembly. The seal is installed on the adapter assembly of the single-fiber bidirectional BOSA optical module to achieve a dustproof and waterproof seal for the optical interface; The outer shell of the optical module body is a combination of zinc alloy + sheet metal or aluminum alloy + sheet metal. All materials of the optical module body, including driver chip, transimpedance amplifier chip, laser chip, detector chip, structural components, adhesive, resistor, capacitor, and inductor, are designed to meet the automotive-grade operating temperature range of -40~105℃. The optical devices in the optical module body adopt a multimode single-fiber bidirectional design, using two wavelengths of single-fiber bidirectional multiplexing, which saves the number of transmission optical fibers and reduces the weight of the equipment. The optical module body has a mounting plate on its side, and symmetrical limiting plates are fixedly mounted on the mounting plate. The distance between the two sets of limiting plates is adapted to the size of the optical module body. Each limiting plate has an installation opening on its inner wall, and a spring is installed inside each installation opening. A fixing block is slidably mounted on the installation opening. Both ends of the spring are fixedly mounted to the limiting plate and the fixing block, respectively. The optical module body also has a fixing opening on its side, and the fixing block and fixing opening are designed with matching arc surfaces. Each side has two symmetrical sets of mounting openings, springs, fixing blocks, and fixing openings. The optical module body has a heat dissipation vent located within the fixing opening. The fixed block has an opening in the middle. A motor is fixedly installed inside the limiting plate. A driving wheel, a double transmission wheel, and a driven wheel are rotatably arranged on the outer wall of the limiting plate. The end of the motor output shaft is fixedly installed to the end of the driving wheel shaft. A belt is sleeved between the driving wheel and the double transmission wheel. A belt is sleeved between the double transmission wheel and the driven wheel. An air port is opened in the middle of both the double transmission wheel and the driven wheel. The air port is directly opposite the opening. A cross plate is fixedly installed at the air port of both the double transmission wheel and the driven wheel. A fan blade is provided in the mounting opening. The fan blade is fixedly installed to the cross plate. A temperature sensor is installed inside the optical module body.

[0006] As a further description of the above solution: By setting up the optical module body, optical interface, electrical interface, mounting plate, limiting plate, mounting port, spring one, fixing block, fixing port, heat dissipation port, through port, motor, driving wheel, dual transmission wheel, driven wheel, belt one, belt two, air port, cross plate, fan blade, and temperature sensor to work together, the vehicle-mounted optical communication module can integrate fixing and heat dissipation, improve the connection stability of the electrical interface and optical interface in vibration environment, effectively reduce the communication instability or interruption problems that are prone to occur in traditional optical modules in vehicle-mounted and other frequently vibrating scenarios. At the same time, the integrated heat dissipation structure improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the optical module body, significantly improving the overall reliability and environmental adaptability of the optical communication system.

[0007] Preferably, a housing is fixedly installed on the top surface of the optical module body, a movable block is slidably arranged on the top of the housing, a second spring is arranged inside the housing, and the two ends of the second spring are fixedly installed to the housing and the movable block respectively. A symmetrical movable plate is slidably arranged on the housing, and a third spring is fixedly installed between the ends of the two sets of movable plates. The ends of the movable plates are in contact with the sides of the movable blocks, and the contact surfaces of the movable plates and the movable blocks are set as matching inclined surfaces. A vertical plate is fixedly installed on the outer end of each movable plate, and an insert plate is fixedly installed on the bottom end of each vertical plate. An insertion port is opened on the outer wall of each limiting plate, and the size of the insert plate is adapted to the size of the insertion port.

[0008] As a further description of the above solution: by setting up the cooperation between the box, movable block, spring two, movable plate, spring three, vertical plate, insertion plate, and socket, the optical module body can be fully positioned after initial fixation, thereby further improving the stability of the optical module body, optical interface, and electrical interface in frequently vibrating scenarios such as vehicle-mounted applications.

[0009] Preferably, the driving wheel, the dual transmission wheel, and the driven wheel are all configured as synchronous pulleys, and the first belt and the second belt are both configured as synchronous belts.

[0010] As a further description of the above scheme: the driving wheel, the dual drive wheels, and the driven wheel are all set as synchronous pulleys, and both belt one and belt two are set as synchronous belts, which can ensure the stability of the fan blade rotation and thus ensure the heat dissipation effect.

[0011] Preferably, the motor is configured as a bidirectional speed-regulating micro DC geared motor.

[0012] As a further description of the above solution: the motor is set to a bidirectional speed-regulating micro DC geared type, which can drive the fan blades to rotate forward or backward, thereby facilitating the switching of the heat dissipation mode.

[0013] Preferably, the mounting plate is made of copper alloy, and round holes are installed at the corners of the mounting plate.

[0014] As a further description of the above solution: the mounting plate is made of copper alloy, which further facilitates heat dissipation of the optical module body. The mounting plate has round holes at the corners to facilitate the installation of the mounting plate and its components at the interface of the vehicle body.

[0015] Preferably, the optical module body is suitable for optical communication scenarios in high-vibration environments such as vehicle-mounted, airborne, or shipborne environments.

[0016] As a further description of the above solution: the optical module body is suitable for optical communication scenarios in high-vibration environments such as vehicle-mounted, airborne, or shipborne environments, significantly improving the overall reliability and environmental adaptability of the optical communication system.

[0017] In summary, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention employs a special fiber optic connector structure to ensure stable connection under vibration, uses a pin header electrical interface to ensure reliable electrical connection, designs a rubber sealing gasket to achieve dustproof and waterproof function, utilizes a metal shell to integrate a heat dissipation structure to enhance electromagnetic interference resistance and heat dissipation performance, selects high-temperature resistant materials that meet automotive-grade requirements to ensure stable operation within -40~105℃, and adopts a multimode single-fiber bidirectional design to save the number of optical fibers and reduce equipment weight, thereby improving the overall reliability and applicability of the optical module.

[0018] 2. In this invention, by setting up the optical module body, optical interface, electrical interface, mounting plate, limiting plate, mounting port, spring one, fixing block, fixing port, heat dissipation port, through port, motor, driving wheel, dual transmission wheel, driven wheel, belt one, belt two, air port, cross plate, fan blade, and temperature sensor to work together, the optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication can integrate fixing and heat dissipation, improve the connection stability of the electrical interface and optical interface in vibration environment, effectively reduce the communication instability or interruption problems that are prone to occur in traditional optical modules in vehicle-mounted and other frequently vibrating scenarios. At the same time, the integrated heat dissipation structure improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the optical module body, significantly improving the overall reliability and environmental adaptability of the optical communication system.

[0019] 3. By setting up the cooperation between the box, movable block, spring two, movable plate, spring three, vertical plate, insertion plate, and socket, the optical module body can be fully positioned after initial fixation, further improving the stability of the optical module body, optical interface, and electrical interface in frequently vibrating scenarios such as vehicle-mounted applications. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the internal components of the optical module body of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the optical module body of the present invention; Figure 4 In this invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the mounting plate and limiting plate of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the two sets of limiting plates of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the limiting plate and mounting port of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the cross plate and fan blades of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the box body and its components according to the present invention; Figure 10 This is a structural diagram of the movable block and movable plate of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a bottom view of the movable block and movable plate of the present invention. Legend: 1. Optical module body; 2. Optical interface; 3. Electrical interface; 4. Mounting plate; 5. Limiting plate; 6. Mounting port; 7. Spring 1; 8. Fixing block; 9. Fixing port; 10. Heat dissipation port; 11. Through port; 12. Drive wheel; 13. Double drive wheel; 14. Driven wheel; 15. Belt 1; 16. Belt 2; 17. Air port; 18. Cross plate; 19. Fan blade; 21. Box body; 22. Movable block; 23. Spring 2; 24. Movable plate; 25. Spring 3; 26. Vertical plate; 27. Insert plate; 28. Insertion port; 29. ​​Round hole. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Please see Figure 1-11 The present invention provides a technical solution: An optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication includes an optical module body 1. The optical module body 1 includes: The outer casing base and the outer casing top cover together constitute the outer casing structure of the optical module body 1; Electrical interface 3 adopts a pin header structure, wherein the distribution and number of the pin headers are any one of 2*10, 2*8, 2*6, 2*5, 1*10 or 1*12; Optical interface 2 adopts a fiber optic connector structure derived from the SAE-USCAR automotive electrical connector standard, or can be selected from one of the fiber optic connector types such as FC, Mini FC, ST, etc., to achieve a highly stable optical signal connection. The PCBA board, with the pin header, is connected to the single-fiber bidirectional BOSA optical component via Tx and Rx flexible boards, and is used to drive the laser, modulate the signal, detect the detector signal, and monitor the working status of the optical interface 2. A single-fiber bidirectional BOSA optical component is installed at a predetermined position on a PCBA to realize the transmission and reception of optical signals, and to achieve wavelength division multiplexing single-fiber bidirectional transmission through a filter. The single-fiber bidirectional BOSA optical component includes a TO46 flat-window laser, a TO46 ball-cap detector, a 45-degree filter, a 0-degree filter, a ball lens, a three-way tube, and a US adapter assembly. A seal is installed on the adapter assembly of a single-fiber bidirectional BOSA optical module to achieve a dustproof and waterproof seal for optical interface 2; The outer shell of the optical module body 1 is a combination of zinc alloy + sheet metal or aluminum alloy + sheet metal. All materials of the optical module body 1, including the driver chip, transimpedance amplifier chip, laser chip, detector chip, structural components, adhesive, resistor, capacitor, and inductor, are designed to meet the automotive-grade operating temperature range of -40~105℃. The optical devices in the optical module body 1 adopt a multimode single-fiber bidirectional design, using two wavelengths of single-fiber bidirectional multiplexing, which saves the number of transmission optical fibers and reduces the weight of the equipment. A mounting plate 4 is provided on the side of the optical module body 1. Symmetrical limiting plates 5 are fixedly mounted on the mounting plate 4. The distance between the two sets of limiting plates 5 is adapted to the size of the optical module body 1. Each limiting plate 5 has an installation opening 6 on its inner wall. A spring 7 is installed inside each installation opening 6. A fixing block 8 is slidably mounted on the installation opening 6. Both ends of the spring 7 are fixedly mounted to the limiting plate 5 and the fixing block 8, respectively. A fixing opening 9 is provided on the side of the optical module body 1. The fixing block 8 and the fixing opening 9 are configured with matching arc surfaces. Each side has two symmetrical sets of mounting openings 6, springs 7, fixing blocks 8, and fixing openings 9. A heat dissipation vent 10 is provided within the fixing opening 9 of the optical module body 1. A passage is provided in the middle of the fixing block 8. A motor is fixedly installed inside the limiting plate 5. The outer wall of the limiting plate 5 is rotatably equipped with a driving wheel 12, a double transmission wheel 13, and a driven wheel 14. The output shaft end of the motor is fixedly installed with the shaft end of the driving wheel 12. A belt 15 is sleeved between the driving wheel 12 and the double transmission wheel 13. A belt 16 is sleeved between the double transmission wheel 13 and the driven wheel 14. An air port 17 is opened in the middle of both the double transmission wheel 13 and the driven wheel 14. The air port 17 is directly opposite the through port 11. A cross plate 18 is fixedly installed at the air port 17 of both the double transmission wheel 13 and the driven wheel 14. A fan blade 19 is provided inside the mounting port 6. The fan blade 19 is fixedly installed with the cross plate 18. A temperature sensor is provided inside the optical module body 1.

[0023] Example 1: In the optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication, the electrical interface 3 adopts a pin header structure (such as 2×10, 2×8, 2×6, 2×5, 1×10 or 1×12 pin headers). The pin headers are soldered onto the PCBA board and directly connected to the external device motherboard to ensure the stability of the electrical connection. The main chip on the PCBA board is responsible for driving the laser and modulating the electrical signal into an optical signal. At the same time, it powers the detector and detects the received optical signal. The main chip also monitors the working status of the optical module in real time (such as the emitted optical power and the receiving sensitivity) and controls the laser and detector to turn on and off. The TO46 flat-window laser emits light signals of a specific wavelength (such as 850nm or 980nm). The light signals are focused by a spherical lens, coupled into the US adapter assembly through a 45-degree filter, and finally enter the vehicle fiber optic cable. The laser's drive signal is provided by the main chip on the PCBA board and transmitted to the laser via the Tx flexible board; The optical signal from the optical fiber enters the optical module through the US adapter assembly, is reflected 90 degrees by a 45-degree filter, and is coupled to the TO46 ball cap detector through a 0-degree filter. The detector converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, which is then transmitted to the main chip on the PCBA board for processing via the Rx flexible circuit board. Optical modules are used in pairs. One end transmits wavelength 1 (e.g., 850nm) and receives wavelength 2 (e.g., 980nm), while the other end transmits wavelength 2 and receives wavelength 1. Wavelength division multiplexing is achieved through a combination of 45-degree and 0-degree filters, isolating the transmitted and received signals, thereby enabling bidirectional transmission on a single optical fiber, reducing the number of optical fibers and equipment weight. The optical interface 2 adopts a connector structure derived from the SAE-USCAR standard (or FC, MiniFC, ST, etc.), combined with sealing components (such as rubber gaskets) to achieve dustproof and waterproof sealing of the optical interface 2, adapting to the vehicle vibration environment; The outer shell is made of a combination of zinc alloy and sheet metal or aluminum alloy and sheet metal. The zinc alloy base integrates a heat dissipation structure, which not only shields electromagnetic interference, but also dissipates heat quickly through the metal shell. All key components (driver chip, transimpedance amplifier chip, laser, detector) meet the operating temperature range of -40~110℃, and the structural parts, adhesives, resistors and other materials are resistant to temperatures of -40~125℃, ensuring that the module can work stably within the automotive-grade temperature range (-40~105℃). The single-fiber bidirectional BOSA optical module is fixed to the three-way tube with glue and connected to the PCBA board via a flexible board. The whole assembly is installed on the housing base and the top cover is locked with screws. The structure is compact and suitable for automated production. Example 2: Mounting plate 4 is fixedly installed on the fiber optic communication slot of the vehicle's main control unit, the fiber optic relay interface between the sensor (camera / radar) and the host, and the port of the vehicle infotainment system or Ethernet switch, etc. When it is necessary to insert and install the optical module body 1, the operator inserts the optical interface 2 on the side of the optical module body 1 into the connection of the vehicle machine. During the insertion of the optical interface 2, the optical module body 1 is gradually inserted between the two sets of limiting plates 5, so that the fixing block 8 on the inner wall of the limiting plate 5 is compressed by the squeezing force and the spring-7 enters into the installation port 6. After the optical interface 2 is fully inserted, the optical module body 1 is just attached to the mounting plate 4, and the installation port 6 is just aligned with the fixing port 9. At this time, the elastic restoring force of the spring-7 will lock the fixing block 8 into the fixing port 9, thus initially completing the fixing of the optical module body 1. Then, the electrical interface 3 is connected to the circuit. After the optical module body 1 is initially fixed, the heat dissipation vent 10 on the side of the optical module body 1 is directly opposite the through vent 11 in the middle of the fixing block 8, and the air vent 17 in the middle of the dual drive wheel 13 and the driven wheel 14. The temperature sensor inside the optical module body 1 monitors the operating temperature in real time. When heat dissipation is required, the motor inside the limit plate 5 is started. The motor output shaft rotates and drives the drive wheel 12 to rotate. The drive wheel 12 drives the double transmission wheel 13 to rotate through belt 15. The double transmission wheel 13 then drives the driven wheel 14 to rotate through belt 2 16. The air port 17 in the middle of the double transmission wheel 13 and the driven wheel 14 is directly opposite the through port 11 of the fixed block 8. When it rotates, it drives the cross plate 18 and the fan blade 19 to rotate. The airflow generated by the fan blade 19 enters the interior of the optical module body 1 through the through port 11 and the heat dissipation port 10 to achieve heat dissipation. Through the cooperation of the optical module body 1, optical interface 2, electrical interface 3, mounting plate 4, limiting plate 5, mounting port 6, spring 1 7, fixing block 8, fixing port 9, heat dissipation port 10, through port 11, motor, driving wheel 12, dual transmission wheel 13, driven wheel 14, belt 1 15, belt 2 16, air port 17, cross plate 18, fan blade 19 and temperature sensor, the coordinated work of fixing and heat dissipation is completed, which improves the connection stability of electrical interface 3 and optical interface 2 in vibration environment, effectively reduces the communication instability or interruption problems that are prone to occur in traditional optical modules in frequent vibration scenarios such as vehicle-mounted systems. At the same time, the integrated heat dissipation structure improves the heat dissipation efficiency of optical module body 1, significantly improving the overall reliability and environmental adaptability of optical communication system.

[0024] A housing 21 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the optical module body 1. A movable block 22 is slidably arranged on the top of the housing 21. A spring 23 is arranged inside the housing 21. The two ends of the spring 23 are fixedly installed to the housing 21 and the movable block 22, respectively. A symmetrical movable plate 24 is slidably arranged on the housing 21. A spring 3 25 is fixedly installed between the ends of the two sets of movable plates 24. The ends of the movable plates 24 are in contact with the sides of the movable blocks 22, and the contact surfaces of the movable plates 24 and the movable blocks 22 are set as matching inclined surfaces. A vertical plate 26 is fixedly installed on the outer end of each movable plate 24. An insert plate 27 is fixedly installed on the bottom end of each vertical plate 26. An insertion port 28 is opened on the outer wall of each limiting plate 5. The size of the insert plate 27 is adapted to the size of the insertion port 28. Before the optical module body 1 is initially fixed, the operator presses the movable block 22 on the top of the box 21. The movable block 22 slides downward on the box 21 under force and compresses the second spring 23. Since the end of the movable plate 24 is in contact with the side of the movable block 22, and the contact surface between the movable plate 24 and the movable block 22 is set as a matching inclined surface, the two sets of movable plates 24 move away from each other and stretch the third spring 25 during the downward movement of the movable block 22. The movable plate 24 drives the vertical plate 26 and the insertion plate 27 to move synchronously away from each other. When the fixing block 8 initially fixes the optical module body 1, the insertion plate 27 is just right in front of the insertion port 28 on the side of the limiting plate 5. Then the operator releases the movable block 22, the external force is removed, the second spring 23 resets and pushes the movable block 22 upward, and the third spring 25 resets and pulls the movable plates 24 closer to each other, so that the insertion plate 27 is inserted into the insertion port 28, completely positioning the optical module body 1, and further improving the stability of the optical module body 1, optical interface 2, and electrical interface 3 in frequently vibrating scenarios such as vehicle-mounted systems.

[0025] The driving pulley 12, the double transmission pulley 13, and the driven pulley 14 are all configured as synchronous pulleys, and the first belt 15 and the second belt 16 are both configured as synchronous belts; The driving wheel 12, the dual drive wheels 13, and the driven wheel 14 are all synchronous pulleys. Belt 15 and Belt 2 are both synchronous belts. The toothed structures of the synchronous pulleys and the synchronous belts mesh with each other to avoid slippage during transmission. This ensures that the driving wheel 12 stably drives the dual drive wheels 13 through Belt 15, and the dual drive wheels 13 then stably drive the driven wheel 14 to rotate through Belt 2 16. This ensures the stability of the fan blade 19's rotation and the stability of the heat dissipation effect of the optical module body 1.

[0026] The motor is configured as a bidirectional speed-regulating miniature DC geared motor; The bidirectional speed-regulating miniature DC geared motor can drive the fan blades 19 to rotate forward or backward, blowing or drawing air into the optical module body 1, flexibly switching the heat dissipation mode and adjusting the heat dissipation intensity, further ensuring the stability of the heat dissipation effect.

[0027] Mounting plate 4 is made of copper alloy, and mounting holes 6 and 29 are installed at the corners of mounting plate 4. Mounting plate 4 is made of copper alloy, which has excellent thermal conductivity. It can quickly dissipate the heat transferred from optical module body 1 to mounting plate 4 into the surrounding environment, thus enhancing the heat dissipation effect. The round holes 29 at the corners of mounting plate 4 are used to insert fasteners, so that mounting plate 4 and other components such as limiting plate 5 on the plate are firmly installed at the interface of the vehicle body, ensuring the stability of the overall structure.

[0028] The optical module body 1 is suitable for optical communication scenarios in high-vibration environments such as vehicle-mounted, airborne, or shipborne environments. The optical module body 1 is installed on the interface of equipment in high vibration environments such as vehicle-mounted, airborne, or shipborne via the mounting plate 4. The spring 7, fixing block 8 and fixing port 9 in its fixing structure cooperate with each other, as well as the movable plate 24, plug plate 27 and plug port 28, to buffer the impact force caused by vibration and maintain a stable connection between the optical interface 2 and the electrical interface 3. At the same time, the heat dissipation structure ensures that the module can still effectively dissipate heat in the vibration environment, so that the optical module body 1 can maintain stable operation in high vibration scenarios and improve the reliability and environmental adaptability of the optical communication system.

[0029] Working principle: In the optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication, the electrical interface 3 adopts a pin header structure (such as 2×10, 2×8, 2×6, 2×5, 1×10 or 1×12 pin headers). The pin headers are soldered onto the PCBA board and directly connected to the external device motherboard to ensure the stability of the electrical connection. The main chip on the PCBA board is responsible for driving the laser and modulating the electrical signal into an optical signal. At the same time, it powers the detector and detects the received optical signal. The main chip also monitors the working status of the optical module in real time (such as the emitted optical power and the receiving sensitivity) and controls the laser and detector to turn on and off. The TO46 flat-window laser emits light signals of a specific wavelength (such as 850nm or 980nm). The light signals are focused by a spherical lens, coupled into the US adapter assembly through a 45-degree filter, and finally enter the vehicle fiber optic cable. The laser's drive signal is provided by the main chip on the PCBA board and transmitted to the laser via the Tx flexible board; The optical signal from the optical fiber enters the optical module through the US adapter assembly, is reflected 90 degrees by a 45-degree filter, and is coupled to the TO46 ball cap detector through a 0-degree filter. The detector converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, which is then transmitted to the main chip on the PCBA board for processing via the Rx flexible circuit board. Optical modules are used in pairs. One end transmits wavelength 1 (e.g., 850nm) and receives wavelength 2 (e.g., 980nm), while the other end transmits wavelength 2 and receives wavelength 1. Wavelength division multiplexing is achieved through a combination of 45-degree and 0-degree filters, isolating the transmitted and received signals, thereby enabling bidirectional transmission on a single optical fiber, reducing the number of optical fibers and equipment weight. The optical interface 2 adopts a connector structure derived from the SAE-USCAR standard (or FC, MiniFC, ST, etc.), combined with sealing components (such as rubber gaskets) to achieve dustproof and waterproof sealing of the optical interface 2, adapting to the vehicle vibration environment; The outer shell is made of a combination of zinc alloy and sheet metal or aluminum alloy and sheet metal. The zinc alloy base integrates a heat dissipation structure, which not only shields electromagnetic interference, but also dissipates heat quickly through the metal shell. All key components (driver chip, transimpedance amplifier chip, laser, detector) meet the operating temperature range of -40~110℃, and the structural parts, adhesives, resistors and other materials are resistant to temperatures of -40~125℃, ensuring that the module can work stably within the automotive-grade temperature range (-40~105℃). The single-fiber bidirectional BOSA optical module is fixed to the three-way tube with glue and connected to the PCBA board via a flexible board. The whole assembly is installed on the housing base and the top cover is locked with screws. The structure is compact and suitable for automated production. in, Mounting plate 4 is fixedly installed on the fiber optic communication slot of the vehicle's main control unit, the fiber optic relay interface between the sensor (camera / radar) and the host, and the port of the vehicle infotainment system or Ethernet switch, etc. When it is necessary to insert and install the optical module body 1, the operator inserts the optical interface 2 on the side of the optical module body 1 into the connection of the vehicle machine. During the insertion of the optical interface 2, the optical module body 1 is gradually inserted between the two sets of limiting plates 5, so that the fixing block 8 on the inner wall of the limiting plate 5 is compressed by the squeezing force and the spring-7 enters into the installation port 6. After the optical interface 2 is fully inserted, the optical module body 1 is just attached to the mounting plate 4, and the installation port 6 is just aligned with the fixing port 9. At this time, the elastic restoring force of the spring-7 will lock the fixing block 8 into the fixing port 9, thus initially completing the fixing of the optical module body 1. Then, the electrical interface 3 is connected to the circuit. After the optical module body 1 is initially fixed, the heat dissipation vent 10 on the side of the optical module body 1 is directly opposite the through vent 11 in the middle of the fixing block 8, and the air vent 17 in the middle of the dual drive wheel 13 and the driven wheel 14. The temperature sensor inside the optical module body 1 monitors the operating temperature in real time. When heat dissipation is required, the motor inside the limit plate 5 is started. The motor output shaft rotates and drives the drive wheel 12 to rotate. The drive wheel 12 drives the double transmission wheel 13 to rotate through belt 15. The double transmission wheel 13 then drives the driven wheel 14 to rotate through belt 2 16. The air port 17 in the middle of the double transmission wheel 13 and the driven wheel 14 is directly opposite the through port 11 of the fixed block 8. When it rotates, it drives the cross plate 18 and the fan blade 19 to rotate. The airflow generated by the fan blade 19 enters the interior of the optical module body 1 through the through port 11 and the heat dissipation port 10 to achieve heat dissipation. Through the cooperation of the optical module body 1, optical interface 2, electrical interface 3, mounting plate 4, limiting plate 5, mounting port 6, spring 1 7, fixing block 8, fixing port 9, heat dissipation port 10, through port 11, motor, driving wheel 12, dual transmission wheel 13, driven wheel 14, belt 1 15, belt 2 16, air port 17, cross plate 18, fan blade 19 and temperature sensor, the coordinated work of fixing and heat dissipation is completed, which improves the connection stability of electrical interface 3 and optical interface 2 in vibration environment, effectively reduces the communication instability or interruption problems that traditional optical modules are prone to in frequent vibration scenarios such as vehicle, etc. At the same time, the integrated heat dissipation structure improves the heat dissipation efficiency of optical module body 1, significantly improving the overall reliability and environmental adaptability of optical communication system; in, Before the optical module body 1 is initially fixed, the operator presses the movable block 22 on the top of the box 21. The movable block 22 slides down on the box 21 under force and compresses the second spring 23. Since the end of the movable plate 24 is in contact with the side of the movable block 22, and the contact surface between the movable plate 24 and the movable block 22 is set as a matching inclined surface, the two sets of movable plates 24 move away from each other and stretch the third spring 25 during the downward movement of the movable block 22. The movable plate 24 drives the vertical plate 26 and the insertion plate 27 to move synchronously away from each other. When the fixing block 8 initially fixes the optical module body 1, the insertion plate 27 is just right in front of the insertion port 28 on the side of the limiting plate 5. Then the operator releases the movable block 22, the external force is removed, the second spring 23 resets and pushes the movable block 22 to move up, and the third spring 25 resets and pulls the movable plates 24 closer to each other, so that the insertion plate 27 is inserted into the insertion port 28, completely positioning the optical module body 1, and further improving the stability of the optical module body 1, optical interface 2, and electrical interface 3 in frequent vibration scenarios such as vehicle-mounted vehicles. The driving wheel 12, the dual drive wheel 13, and the driven wheel 14 are all synchronous pulleys. Belt 15 and Belt 2 16 are both synchronous belts. The toothed structures of the synchronous pulleys and the synchronous belts mesh with each other to avoid slippage during transmission. This ensures that the driving wheel 12 stably drives the dual drive wheel 13 through Belt 15, and the dual drive wheel 13 stably drives the driven wheel 14 to rotate through Belt 2 16. This ensures the stability of the fan blade 19's rotation and the stability of the heat dissipation effect of the optical module body 1. The bidirectional speed-regulating micro DC geared motor can drive the fan blades 19 to rotate forward or backward, blowing or drawing air into the optical module body 1, flexibly switching the heat dissipation mode and adjusting the heat dissipation intensity, further ensuring the stability of the heat dissipation effect. Mounting plate 4 is made of copper alloy. Copper alloy has excellent thermal conductivity, which can quickly dissipate the heat transferred from optical module body 1 to mounting plate 4 to the surrounding environment, thus enhancing the heat dissipation effect. The round holes 29 at the corners of mounting plate 4 are used to insert fasteners, so that mounting plate 4 and the limiting plate 5 on the plate are firmly installed at the interface of the vehicle body, ensuring the stability of the overall structure. The optical module body 1 is installed on the interface of equipment in high vibration environments such as vehicle-mounted, airborne, or shipborne via the mounting plate 4. The spring 7, fixing block 8 and fixing port 9 in its fixing structure cooperate with each other, as well as the movable plate 24, plug plate 27 and plug port 28, to buffer the impact force caused by vibration and maintain a stable connection between the optical interface 2 and the electrical interface 3. At the same time, the heat dissipation structure ensures that the module can still effectively dissipate heat in the vibration environment, so that the optical module body 1 can maintain stable operation in high vibration scenarios and improve the reliability and environmental adaptability of the optical communication system.

[0030] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication, comprising an optical module body (1), characterized in that, The optical module body (1) includes: The outer casing base and the outer casing cover together constitute the outer casing structure of the optical module body (1); The electrical interface (3) adopts a pin header structure, wherein the distribution and number of the pin headers are any one of 2*10, 2*8, 2*6, 2*5, 1*10 or 1*12; The optical interface (2) adopts a fiber optic connector structure derived from the SAE-USCAR vehicle electrical connector standard, or can be selected from one of the fiber optic connectors such as FC, Mini FC, ST, etc., to achieve a highly stable optical signal connection. PCBA board, with the pin header, is connected to the single-fiber bidirectional BOSA optical component via Tx and Rx flexible boards, used to drive the laser, modulate the signal, detect the detector signal and monitor the working status of the optical interface (2). A single-fiber bidirectional BOSA optical component is installed at a predetermined position on a PCBA to realize the transmission and reception of optical signals, and to achieve wavelength division multiplexing single-fiber bidirectional transmission through a filter. The single-fiber bidirectional BOSA optical component includes a TO46 flat-window laser, a TO46 ball-cap detector, a 45-degree filter, a 0-degree filter, a ball lens, a three-way tube, and a US adapter assembly. A seal is installed on the adapter assembly of a single-fiber bidirectional BOSA optical module to achieve a dustproof and waterproof seal for the optical interface (2); The outer shell of the optical module body (1) is a combination of zinc alloy + sheet metal or aluminum alloy + sheet metal. All materials of the optical module body (1), including the driver chip, transimpedance amplifier chip, laser chip, detector chip, structural components, glue, resistor, capacitor and inductor, are designed to meet the automotive-grade working temperature range of -40~105℃. The optical devices in the optical module body (1) adopt a multimode single-fiber bidirectional design and use two wavelengths of single-fiber bidirectional multiplexing, which saves the number of transmission optical fibers and reduces the weight of the equipment. The optical module body (1) is provided with a mounting plate (4) on its side. A symmetrical limiting plate (5) is fixedly installed on the mounting plate (4). The distance between the two sets of limiting plates (5) is adapted to the size of the optical module body (1). The inner wall of each limiting plate (5) is provided with an installation port (6). A spring (7) is provided in the installation port (6). A fixing block (8) is slidably provided on the installation port (6). The two ends of the spring (7) are fixedly installed to the limiting plate (5) and the fixing block (8) respectively. A fixing port (9) is provided on the side of the optical module body (1). The fixing block (8) and the fixing port (9) are set as matching arc surfaces. The mounting port (6), spring (7), fixing block (8), and fixing port (9) on each side are set as two symmetrical sets. The optical module body (1) is provided with a heat dissipation vent (10) in the fixing port (9). A passage is provided in the middle of the fixing block (8). The limit plate (5) is fixedly installed with a motor. The outer wall of the limit plate (5) is rotatably provided with a drive wheel (12), a double transmission wheel (13), and a driven wheel (14). The output shaft end of the motor is fixedly installed with the shaft end of the drive wheel (12). A belt first (15) is sleeved between the drive wheel (12) and the double transmission wheel (13). A belt second (16) is sleeved between the double transmission wheel (13) and the driven wheel (14). An air port (17) is opened in the middle of the double transmission wheel (13) and the driven wheel (14). The air port (17) is directly opposite the through port (11). A cross plate (18) is fixedly installed at the air port (17) of the double transmission wheel (13) and the driven wheel (14). A fan blade (19) is provided in the mounting port (6). The fan blade (19) is fixedly installed with the cross plate (18). A temperature sensor is provided in the optical module body (1).

2. The optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical module body (1) is fixedly mounted with a box (21) on the top surface. A movable block (22) is slidably arranged on the top of the box (21). A second spring (23) is arranged inside the box (21). The two ends of the second spring (23) are fixedly installed with the box (21) and the movable block (22) respectively. A symmetrical movable plate (24) is slidably arranged on the box (21). A third spring (25) is fixedly installed between the ends of the two sets of movable plates (24). The ends of the movable plates (24) are in contact with the side of the movable block (22). The contact surfaces of the movable plates (24) and the movable block (22) are set as matching inclined surfaces. A vertical plate (26) is fixedly installed on the outer end of each movable plate (24). A plug plate (27) is fixedly installed on the bottom end of each vertical plate (26). An insertion port (28) is opened on the outer wall of the limiting plate (5). The size of the plug plate (27) is matched with the size of the insertion port (28).

3. The optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving wheel (12), the double transmission wheel (13), and the driven wheel (14) are all configured as synchronous pulleys, and the first belt (15) and the second belt (16) are both configured as synchronous belts.

4. The optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motor is configured as a bidirectional speed-regulating micro DC geared motor.

5. The optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting plate (4) is made of copper alloy, and the mounting plate (4) has round holes (29) at the corners (6).

6. The optical module for vehicle-mounted optical communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical module body (1) is suitable for optical communication scenarios in high vibration environments such as vehicle-mounted, airborne, or shipborne environments.

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