Machine wounded personnel system for quantitatively evaluating respiration exposure of biological aerosol

Abstract

The invention discloses a robotic wounded personnel system for quantitative evaluation of bioaerosol respiration exposure, and belongs to the technical field of medical simulation models, and the robotic wounded personnel system comprises a human body shape subsystem; the bionic breathing subsystem is arranged in the simulated human body model; the simulated lung subsystem is arranged in the simulated human body model; the rear end of the air pipe simulation structure communicates with the cylinder through a first one-way valve; an aerosol analysis unit; one end of the exhaust pipeline is communicated with the cylinder through a second one-way valve, and the other end is communicated with the air pipe simulation structure through a filter; the bionic respiration subsystem is provided with detection points, and the aerosol analysis units are connected to the detection points respectively for sampling and analyzing particle size distribution and concentration of aerosol of each detection point. The system simulates a human body breathing process in a biological aerosol environment through the machine wounded simulation model, and can realize accurate quantitative evaluation of aerosol breathing exposure in combination with the aerosol analysis unit.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of medical simulation models, and particularly relates to a machine-injured system for quantitative evaluation of biological aerosol respiratory exposure. BACKGROUND

[0002] Biological aerosol respiratory exposure analysis is a core link of nuclear and biological protection, biological threat early warning and combat effectiveness preservation. The enemy uses biological warfare agents such as anthrax, smallpox or genetically modified pathogens, which are usually released in the form of aerosols, and the particle size is optimized (usually 1-5 microns), aiming to maximize the lung deposition rate after being inhaled, so as to cause large-scale, silent non-combat attrition. Therefore, real-time detection, identification and quantitative exposure evaluation of battlefield biological aerosols are directly related to whether the commander can issue an early warning in time, whether the troops can effectively take protective measures (such as wearing gas masks), and subsequent decontamination and medical treatment, which is a strategic requirement for maintaining the stability of the operational system and protecting the lives and safety of officers and soldiers. Common technical means include biological aerosol warning devices deployed at the front line or important nodes, which mostly use laser-induced fluorescence technology to detect the biological fluorescence signal of particles in the air to achieve rapid alarm, but are prone to false alarms due to interference of pollen, dust and other non-warfare agents; more certain means is to use mobile samplers combined with PCR or mass spectrometry for on-site identification.

[0003] However, these technologies mainly monitor the environmental background concentration, and cannot accurately confirm the actual inhaled dose of war agents of individual soldiers in specific combat postures (such as running, crawling) and respiratory states, which exposes the broken chain from “environmental threat” to “individual risk” evaluation of traditional means. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a machine-injured system for quantitative evaluation of biological aerosol respiratory exposure, which can realize accurate quantitative evaluation of aerosol respiratory exposure by simulating the human respiratory process in the simulated combat state of the biological aerosol environment through the machine-injured simulation model, in combination with the aerosol analysis unit.

[0005] The technical scheme of the present application is: A machine-injured system for quantitative evaluation of biological aerosol respiratory exposure, comprising: A human body shape subsystem comprising a simulated human body model; A bionic breathing subsystem arranged in the simulated human body model, comprising a nasal cavity simulation structure, an oral cavity simulation structure, a throat simulation structure and a trachea simulation structure connected in sequence, forming a bionic breathing chain; An emulated lung subsystem is arranged in the emulated human body model, comprising a linear drive structure, a cylinder, an exhaust pipeline, and a piston slidingly arranged in the cylinder; a rear end of the trachea simulation structure is communicated with the cylinder through a first one-way valve; one end of the exhaust pipeline is communicated with the cylinder through a second one-way valve, and the other end is communicated with a front end of the trachea simulation structure through a filter; the linear drive structure drives the piston to move, and a complete air intake path is formed through a bionic breathing chain; An aerosol analysis unit; one end of the exhaust pipeline is communicated with the cylinder through a second one-way valve, and the other end is communicated with the trachea simulation structure through a filter; the oral cavity simulation structure, the throat simulation structure, and the trachea simulation structure are all provided with detection points, and the aerosol analysis unit is respectively connected to the detection points for sampling, and a fluorescence spectrum is obtained through a laser light scattering method; the laser analysis system determines the particle size distribution and concentration of aerosols at each detection point according to the fluorescence spectrum.

[0006] Preferably, the aerosol analysis unit comprises an aerosol laser analysis sensor, an air pump, an air intake multi-way pipe, an air outlet multi-way pipe, and a plurality of straight-through interfaces and T-shaped interfaces; One end of each of the straight-through interfaces is communicated with one side of each detection point, and the other end is connected to a first pinch valve through a pipeline and communicated with the air intake multi-way pipe; the air intake multi-way pipe is connected to an air inlet of the aerosol laser analysis sensor, an air outlet of the aerosol laser analysis sensor is communicated with an air inlet of the air pump, and the air inlet of the air pump is communicated with the air outlet multi-way pipe; The T-shaped interface is arranged in the pipeline of the detection point, a straight line part of the T-shaped interface is arranged along the airflow direction, and the other port penetrates through the other side of the detection point and is communicated with a second pinch valve, and the second pinch valve is communicated with an air outlet of the air pump.

[0007] Preferably, the aerosol laser analysis sensor comprises: A scattering light chamber comprising a laser irradiation channel and a light path channel; the laser irradiation channel has an air inlet and an air outlet at two ends, respectively communicated with the air intake multi-way pipe and the air inlet of the air pump; A laser light source is arranged on one side of the laser irradiation channel, and the irradiation direction is perpendicular to the airflow of the laser irradiation channel, and the light path passes through the laser irradiation channel; a condensing and shaping lens is arranged in front of the laser light source; A condensing lens and a semi-transparent semi-reflective lens are sequentially arranged on the other side of the laser irradiation channel, forming two light paths of scattered light and fluorescence; Two collection lenses are arranged on the two light paths, respectively; A scattered light receiving photomultiplier tube is communicated with the scattering light chamber and receives the scattered light after passing through the collection lens; A fluorescence receiving photomultiplier tube is communicated with the scattering light chamber and receives the fluorescence after passing through the collection lens; The FPGA particle counting module receives the electrical signal converted from the scattered light detected by the photomultiplier tube and the electrical signal converted from the fluorescence detected by the photomultiplier tube, and determines the particle size distribution and concentration.

[0008] Preferably, the linear drive structure includes: Simulation chamber; the cylinder is fixedly installed inside the simulation chamber; A sliding rail is fixedly installed at the bottom of the simulation box; The movable plate has one end slidably disposed in the sliding rail, and the other end is fixedly connected to the tail of the piston; A lead screw passes through one end of the movable plate and is threaded into the movable plate; the two ends of the lead screw are respectively connected to the two ends of the sliding rail for transmission. Two first conical friction wheels are arranged opposite each other, and their tips are connected by a short shaft; one of the conical friction wheels is connected to the lead screw drive. The L-shaped frame plate has a motor fixedly installed on its inner side; The second conical friction wheel is connected to the output shaft of the motor via a rotating shaft. A cylinder is mounted inside the simulation box, and its telescopic end is fixedly connected to the outer side of the L-shaped frame plate. When the cylinder drives the second conical friction wheel to move back and forth, it respectively rubs against the conical surfaces of the two first conical friction wheels.

[0009] Preferably, the nasal cavity simulation structure is a single continuous channel, and a partition structure simulating the nasal septum is set within the channel to form two cavities.

[0010] Preferably, the oral cavity simulation structure includes a simulation model structure of the upper teeth fixed bracket, upper teeth, oral cavity, mandible and lower teeth arranged sequentially from top to bottom.

[0011] Preferably, the simulated pharyngeal structure is a continuous cavity, including a simulated model structure of the oral cavity connection part, the laryngopharyngeal piriform recess part, and the transition area between the two.

[0012] Preferably, the trachea simulation structure is a long strip-shaped lumen structure and a partial bronchus simulation structure.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention proposes a robotic casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure. The system integrates a human body shape subsystem, a biomimetic respiratory subsystem, and a simulated lung subsystem as the basis for the robotic casualty model. It realizes the respiratory state under specific combat postures, simulates the respiratory volume under different combat states, and then combines an aerosol analysis unit to analyze the aerosol particle size distribution and concentration at each detection point of the biomimetic respiratory subsystem. This enables the assessment of aerosol exposure status at multiple points along the respiratory chain under different human respiratory states. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of a machine casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure according to the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the simulated lung subsystem of a machine casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure according to the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a plan view of the internal structure of the simulated lung subsystem of a machine casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 This invention relates to a direct interface and a T-type interface for coordinating detection points in a machine casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a detection point reuse scheme for a machine casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 This is a horizontal view structural diagram of the aerosol laser analysis sensor for a machine casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 7 This is a vertical view of the internal structure of the aerosol laser analysis sensor of a machine casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 8 This is a system architecture diagram of the aerosol analysis unit of a machine casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an aerosol laser analysis sensor for a machine casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure according to the present invention.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Tracheal simulation structure; 2. Detection box; 3. Exhaust pipe; 4. First one-way valve; 5. Cylinder; 6. Simulation box; 7. Piston; 8. Sliding rail; 9. Lead screw; 10. First conical friction wheel; 11. Second conical friction wheel; 12. Rotating shaft; 13. Motor; 14. L-shaped frame; 15. Cylinder; 16. Second one-way valve; 17. Aerosol analysis unit. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following is combined Figures 1-5 The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. In the description of the invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0025] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; in the description of the invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0026] Example 1 The use of highly realistic human simulators provides a groundbreaking assessment and training tool for military biodefense. Its significance lies in elevating biothreat assessment from vague environmental monitoring to precise individual inhalation dose measurement, directly serving individual soldier protection, equipment verification, and tactical decision-making. This technology fundamentally solves several long-standing pain points in military protection: First, it enables quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of protective equipment under realistic conditions. By having simulators wearing various gas masks or protective suits perform standard tactical maneuvers (such as shooting and advancing) in contaminated environments, and monitoring the actual dose of war agent entering their respiratory tract in real time, the protective factors of different equipment can be scientifically quantified, and weak points in sealing can be identified, providing irrefutable data support for equipment selection and improvement. Second, it solves the problem of accurately predicting exposure doses in complex battlefield environments. Simulators can simulate the high lung ventilation of soldiers under high-intensity exercise and the impact of different postures (such as a prone position causing the breathing zone to be close to the ground) on aerosol inhalation, thereby constructing a more realistic "environmental concentration-inhalation dose-infection probability" model, providing a basis for formulating battlefield rules such as evacuation distances and protection levels. Furthermore, it provides a safe and highly realistic platform for biological threat training, allowing soldiers to intuitively understand exposure risks and enhance their protective awareness, in conjunction with sensor data. However, currently there are few machine-based casualty systems for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol exposure, making it impossible to accurately obtain the current biological threat status of the environment. Therefore, such as... Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a machine casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure, including a human body shape subsystem, a biomimetic respiratory subsystem, a simulated lung subsystem, and an aerosol analysis unit 17.

[0027] The human body shape subsystem is a simulated human body model; the bionic breathing subsystem is set inside the simulated human body model, including a nasal cavity simulation structure, an oral cavity simulation structure, a pharyngeal simulation structure, and a trachea simulation structure 1 connected in sequence to form a bionic breathing chain; the simulated lung subsystem is set inside the simulated human body model, including a linear drive structure, a cylinder 5, an exhaust pipe 3, and a piston 7 slidably set inside the cylinder 5; the rear end of the trachea simulation structure 1 is connected to the cylinder 5 through a first one-way valve 4; one end of the exhaust pipe 3 is connected to the cylinder 5 through a second one-way valve 16, and the other end is connected to the front end of the trachea simulation structure 1 through a filter; the linear drive structure drives the piston 7 to move, forming a complete intake airway through the bionic breathing chain.

[0028] like Figure 2 and Figure 3The figures shown are a three-dimensional view and a two-dimensional view of the internal structure of the simulated lung subsystem. The linear drive structure includes a simulation box 6, a sliding rail 8, a moving plate, a lead screw 9, an L-shaped frame plate 14, a second conical friction wheel 11, a cylinder 15, and two first conical friction wheels 10. Cylinder 5 is fixedly installed inside simulation chamber 6; sliding rail 8 is fixedly installed at the bottom of simulation chamber 6; one end of the moving plate is slidably installed inside the sliding rail 8, and the other end is fixedly connected to the piston tail; lead screw 9 passes through one end of the moving plate and is threadedly engaged with the moving plate; both ends of lead screw 9 are respectively drivenly connected to both ends of sliding rail 8; two first conical friction wheels 10 are arranged opposite each other, and their tips are connected by a short shaft; one of the first conical friction wheels 10 is drivenly connected to lead screw 9; motor 13 is fixedly installed on the inner side of L-shaped frame plate 14; second conical friction wheel 11 is drivenly connected to the output shaft of motor 13 through rotating shaft 12; cylinder 15 is mounted inside simulation chamber 6, and its telescopic end is fixedly connected to the outer side of L-shaped frame plate 14; when cylinder 15 drives the second conical friction wheel 11 to move back and forth, it rubs against the conical surfaces of the two first conical friction wheels 10 respectively. The telescopic movement of cylinder 15 can drive the second conical friction wheel 11 to move back and forth. Because the forward and reverse switching speed of the motor involves deceleration to 0 and then acceleration in the opposite direction, using the forward and reverse rotation of the motor to control the piston movement results in acceleration and deceleration processes, which is not ideal for simulating breathing, especially in special breathing states such as running and crawling. Therefore, this invention proposes using a uniformly rotating motor, through a friction wheel transmission method combined with the transmission principle of a lead screw and slider, to control the back-and-forth movement of the piston. This control method eliminates obvious acceleration and deceleration, thus more closely mimicking the breathing state. Furthermore, the forward and reverse rotation sequence of the first conical friction wheel 10 is set to simulate the breathing process under different combat conditions. Combined with the biomimetic breathing subsystem and the simulated lung subsystem, a breathing chain under combat conditions is formed.

[0029] Furthermore, one end of the exhaust pipe 3 is connected to the cylinder 5 via the second one-way valve 16, and the other end is connected to the trachea simulation structure 1 via a filter. The oral cavity simulation structure, pharyngeal simulation structure, and trachea simulation structure 1 are all equipped with detection points. The aerosol analysis unit 17 is connected to each detection point for sampling. Fluorescence spectra are obtained using laser light scattering, and the laser analysis system determines the particle size distribution and concentration of aerosols at each detection point based on the fluorescence spectra. Two sets of one-way valves are used to simulate the intake and exhaust states, creating two separate channels and providing a buffer position. This prevents the collision of the two airflows from creating resistance to piston movement, thus avoiding impact on the breathing simulation of rapid ventilation (running-type combat modes).

[0030] Specifically, the aerosol analysis unit 17 includes an aerosol laser analysis sensor, an air pump, an inlet multi-port pipe, an outlet multi-port pipe, and multiple straight-through interfaces and T-type interfaces. One end of each straight-through interface is connected to one side of each detection point, and the other end is connected to a first clamp valve via a pipe and to the inlet multi-port pipe. The inlet multi-port pipe is connected to the air inlet of the aerosol laser analysis sensor, the air outlet of the aerosol laser analysis sensor is connected to the air inlet of the air pump, and the air inlet of the air pump is connected to the outlet multi-port pipe. The T-type interface is placed in the pipe where the detection point is located. The straight portion of the T-type interface is arranged along the airflow direction, and the other end extends out to the other side of the detection point and is connected to a second clamp valve, which is connected to the air outlet of the air pump. Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This invention describes the connection methods between the straight-through interface and the T-type interface and the detection point. The sampling port and exhaust port of the detection point are located on both sides of the detection point. This design matches the breathing flow rate without affecting it. The sampling port uses the straight-through interface to extract the bioaerosol sample, and the T-type interface to exhaust the clean gas. This prevents the exhausted clean gas from re-entering through the inlet. The sampling flow rate is approximately 1 L / min, consistent with the breathing airflow direction. Most of the exhaust gas flows with the airflow direction, thus not affecting the inlet sampling. Furthermore, this invention incorporates a detection point reuse scheme, such as... Figure 5 As shown, each detection point internally uses two pinch valves for switching selection. Only the selected detection point can be sampled; the air path to other unselected detection points is blocked, thus not affecting airflow. All detection points share the same air outlet and air inlet, reducing the need for external air tubing.

[0031] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 The diagram shown illustrates the overall architecture of an aerosol laser analysis sensor, including a scattering chamber, laser source, focusing lens, semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, scattering light receiving photomultiplier tube, fluorescence receiving photomultiplier tube, and FPGA particle counting module. The system architecture diagram is shown below. Figure 8 As shown, data analysis is performed through an FPGA control system, and data transmission is performed using a communication module.

[0032] Specifically, the scattering light chamber includes a laser irradiation channel and an optical path channel. The laser irradiation channel has an air inlet and an air outlet at each end, connected to the air inlet multi-port pipe and the air pump inlet, respectively. The laser source is located on one side of the laser irradiation channel, with the irradiation direction perpendicular to the airflow of the laser irradiation channel, and the optical path passes through the laser irradiation channel. A focusing and shaping lens is positioned in front of the laser source. The focusing lens and a semi-transparent, semi-reflective lens are sequentially positioned on the other side of the laser irradiation channel, forming two optical paths: one for scattered light and one for fluorescence. Two collecting lenses are positioned on the two optical path paths. A scattered light receiving photomultiplier tube is connected to the scattering light chamber and receives the scattered light after passing through the collecting lens. A fluorescence receiving photomultiplier tube is connected to the scattering light chamber and receives the fluorescence after passing through the collecting lens. The FPGA particle counting module receives the electrical signal converted from the scattered light detected by the scattered light receiving photomultiplier tube and the electrical signal converted from the fluorescence detected by the fluorescence receiving photomultiplier tube, determining the particle size distribution and concentration.

[0033] Sensing principle as follows Figure 9 As shown, the airflow carries the test particles one by one through the photosensitive area. Excitation light in the illumination path continuously illuminates the particles passing through the photosensitive area. If the test particles are biological particles, they will be excited and emit fluorescence, while also producing scattered light. The fluorescence and scattered light are separated by a dichroic mirror and focused onto a scattered light detector and a fluorescence detector, respectively. This invention uses a scattered light receiving photomultiplier tube and a fluorescence receiving photomultiplier tube. The scattered light detector transmits the signal to a scattered light preamplifier, obtaining an analog voltage pulse signal proportional to the scattered light intensity; the fluorescence detector transmits the signal to a fluorescence preamplifier, obtaining an analog voltage pulse signal proportional to the fluorescence intensity. The pulse amplitude reflects the particle size. PSL microspheres of different sizes are used to calibrate the pulse amplitude for different particle sizes, thus allowing the optical particle size to be obtained based on the pulse amplitude. The scattered and fluorescence pulse signals are simultaneously converted into digital signals and input into the FPGA control system to extract the pulse amplitude. By calculating the number of pulses within different amplitude ranges, the number of biological and non-biological particles can be obtained.

[0034] The simulated human body model, nasal cavity simulation structure, oral cavity simulation structure, pharyngeal simulation structure, and tracheal simulation structure 1 of this invention are constructed using 3D scanning technology and CT scan reconstruction technology to obtain a realistic human shape and physiological structure of the respiratory chain. These structures are simplified and modeled, and the materials used are all designed to fit actual human skin and internal structure. These are not key technologies in this invention. Specifically, the simplified results are as follows: The nasal cavity simulation structure is a single, continuous channel with a simulated nasal septum partition structure within it, forming two cavities. The oral cavity simulation structure includes, from top to bottom, simulated models of the upper teeth, upper teeth, oral cavity, mandible, and lower teeth. The pharyngeal simulation structure is a continuous cavity, including a simulated model of the oral cavity connection, the laryngopharyngeal piriform recess, and the transition area between them. The tracheal simulation structure 1 is a long, narrow tubular structure and a partial simulated bronchial structure.

[0035] This system organically integrates a human form subsystem, a bionic respiratory subsystem, and a simulated lung subsystem, forming the basis of a highly realistic and comprehensive robotic casualty model that simulates human respiratory function. The human form subsystem, through precise simulation design, achieves simulation of different body shapes, ensuring the normal operation of the respiratory system under various body postures. The bionic respiratory subsystem's simulated nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, and trachea are sequentially connected, accurately simulating the airflow transmission path of the human body and realistically reproducing the human breathing process under normal and extreme environments. The simulated lung subsystem, through the configuration of linear drive structures, cylinders, and pistons, ensures the propulsion of airflow and the reproduction of the lung gas exchange process. This system can not only simulate conventional breathing patterns but also adjust the breathing state according to different human conditions under specific combat postures, achieving comprehensive simulation of the respiratory chain in combat environments. This structural design allows for timely feedback of changes in respiratory volume, simulating fluctuations in respiratory volume and gas flow under different combat states, thus providing a reliable simulation basis for further experiments analyzing the impact of aerosols on the respiratory system.

[0036] The biomimetic respiratory subsystem, as its core component, utilizes sophisticated simulation technology to construct a complete biomimetic respiratory chain. Simulated structures of the nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, and trachea are sequentially connected, each meticulously designed to realistically simulate the structure and function of the human respiratory tract. The simulated nasal cavity structure mimics the initial purification, heating, and humidification of air; the simulated oral cavity and pharynx structures reflect further regulation and control of airflow; and the simulated trachea structure achieves deep airflow transmission. The simulated lung subsystem, through cylinders, pistons, and linear drive structures, accurately simulates the gas exchange process in the lungs, ensuring stable and dynamic regulation of respiratory airflow. In combat environments, the human respiratory state is affected by various factors, such as body position, posture, and movement. The system can simulate these changes and, by adjusting the breathing volume and airflow path, simulate the respiratory needs under specific combat postures, ensuring accurate simulation of the respiratory system in different situations. Simultaneously, the system design incorporates biomimetic principles, making it more consistent with human physiological characteristics, improving overall adaptability and simulation accuracy, and ensuring efficient reproduction of respiratory states under various complex situations.

[0037] The aerosol analysis unit is a key component of the system. Through real-time sampling and analysis, it accurately assesses the aerosol particle size distribution and concentration at various detection points in the biomimetic breathing subsystem. The aerosol analysis unit relies on laser light scattering to acquire fluorescence spectra, enabling efficient and precise detection and analysis of aerosol exposure at different locations. In the biomimetic breathing subsystem, each detection point in the simulated oral cavity, pharynx, and trachea is equipped with an aerosol sampling device. These devices collect particle data in the airflow during each breath. Laser light scattering measures the scattering of aerosols by a laser beam to obtain their fluorescence spectra, further analyzing the aerosol particle size distribution and concentration. The high precision and real-time performance of this process provide a scientific basis for multi-point aerosol exposure. Further processing of the fluorescence spectra by the laser analysis system reveals the aerosol exposure at each detection point under different breathing conditions. This provides valuable data support for environmental protection, respiratory health research, and combat protection design. Furthermore, this technology can also help identify potential respiratory risks by analyzing changes in aerosol particle size and concentration, thereby providing more precise protective measures for human health.

[0038] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any variations that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A machine casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure, characterized in that, include: The human form subsystem includes a simulated human body model; A biomimetic breathing subsystem is set inside the simulated human body model, including a nasal cavity simulation structure, an oral cavity simulation structure, a pharyngeal simulation structure and a trachea simulation structure connected in sequence (1) to form a biomimetic breathing chain; The simulated lung subsystem, set within the simulated human body model, includes a linear drive structure, a cylinder (5), an exhaust pipe (3), and a piston (7) slidably disposed within the cylinder (5); the rear end of the tracheal simulation structure (1) is connected to the cylinder (5) via a first one-way valve (4); one end of the exhaust pipe (3) is connected to the cylinder (5) via a second one-way valve (16), and the other end is connected to the front end of the tracheal simulation structure (1) via a filter; the linear drive structure drives the piston (7) to move, forming a complete intake airway through a biomimetic breathing chain; Aerosol analysis unit (17); one end of the exhaust pipe (3) is connected to the cylinder (5) through the second one-way valve (16), and the other end is connected to the trachea simulation structure (1) through the filter; the oral cavity simulation structure, the pharyngeal simulation structure and the trachea simulation structure (1) are all equipped with detection points, and the aerosol analysis unit (17) is connected to the detection points to take samples. The fluorescence spectrum is obtained by laser light scattering method, and the laser analysis system determines the particle size distribution and concentration of aerosols at each detection point according to the fluorescence spectrum.

2. The machine casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aerosol analysis unit (17) includes an aerosol laser analysis sensor, an air pump, an inlet multi-port pipe, an outlet multi-port pipe, and multiple straight-through interfaces and T-type interfaces; One end of each of the straight-through interfaces is connected to one side of each detection point, and the other end is connected to the first clamp valve through a pipe and connected to the air inlet multi-port pipe; the air inlet multi-port pipe is connected to the air inlet of the aerosol laser analysis sensor, the air extraction port of the aerosol laser analysis sensor is connected to the air inlet of the air pump, and the air inlet of the air pump is connected to the air outlet multi-port pipe. The T-shaped interface is placed in the pipeline where the detection point is located. The straight part of the T-shaped interface is set along the airflow direction, and the other end extends out to the other side of the detection point and is connected to a second clamp valve. The second clamp valve is connected to the air outlet of the air pump.

3. The machine casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The aerosol laser analysis sensor includes: The light scattering chamber includes a laser irradiation channel and an optical path channel; the two ends of the laser irradiation channel are an air inlet and an air outlet, respectively connected to the air inlet multi-port pipe and the air inlet of the air pump; A laser source is positioned on one side of the laser irradiation channel, with the irradiation direction perpendicular to the airflow of the laser irradiation channel, and the optical path passes through the laser irradiation channel; a focusing and shaping lens is positioned in front of the laser source. A focusing lens and a semi-transparent, semi-reflective lens are respectively set on the other side of the laser irradiation channel to form two optical paths: scattered light and fluorescence. Two collecting lenses are respectively positioned on the two optical paths; A photomultiplier tube for receiving scattered light is connected to a scattered light chamber and receives the scattered light after it has passed through a collecting lens. A fluorescence receiving photomultiplier tube is connected to a scattering chamber to receive fluorescence after it passes through a collecting lens; The FPGA particle counting module receives the electrical signal converted from the scattered light detected by the photomultiplier tube and the electrical signal converted from the fluorescence detected by the photomultiplier tube, and determines the particle size distribution and concentration.

4. The machine casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linear drive structure includes: Simulation box (6); the cylinder (5) is fixedly installed inside the simulation box (6); A sliding rail (8) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the simulation box (6); The movable plate has one end slidably disposed in the sliding rail (8), and the other end is fixedly connected to the tail of the piston; A lead screw (9) passes through one end of the movable plate and is threaded into the movable plate; the two ends of the lead screw (9) are respectively connected to the two ends of the sliding rail (8) for transmission. Two first conical friction wheels (10) are arranged opposite each other, and their tips are connected by a short shaft; one of the first conical friction wheels (10) is connected to the lead screw (9) for transmission. L-shaped frame plate (14), with a motor (13) fixedly installed on its inner side; The second conical friction wheel (11) is connected to the output shaft of the motor (13) via a rotating shaft (12); The cylinder (15) is mounted inside the simulation box (6), and its telescopic end is fixedly connected to the outside of the L-shaped frame plate (14). When the cylinder (15) drives the second conical friction wheel (11) to move back and forth, it respectively rubs against the conical surfaces of the two first conical friction wheels (10).

5. The machine casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulated nasal cavity structure is a single, continuous channel, within which a partition structure simulating the nasal septum is set to form two cavities.

6. The machine casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oral cavity simulation structure includes, from top to bottom, a simulated model structure of the upper teeth, upper teeth, oral cavity, mandible, and lower teeth.

7. The machine casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulated pharyngeal structure is a continuous cavity, including a simulated model structure of the oral cavity connection part, the laryngopharyngeal piriform recess part, and the transition area between the two.

8. The machine casualty system for quantitative assessment of bioaerosol respiratory exposure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tracheal simulation structure (1) is a long strip-shaped lumen structure and a partial bronchial simulation structure.

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