Fire extinguishing and smoke removing device and power battery

Abstract

The invention provides a fire extinguishing and smoke removing device and a power battery. The fire extinguishing and smoke removing device comprises an exhaust guide layer, wherein an exhaust guide hole is formed in the exhaust guide layer; the fire extinguishing adsorption layer is arranged on the exhaust side of the exhaust guide layer and comprises a structural framework and a fire extinguishing layer, the fire extinguishing layer is arranged on the structural framework, a fire extinguishing agent is contained in the fire extinguishing layer, the fire extinguishing adsorption layer releases the fire extinguishing agent when the temperature in the layer reaches the preset temperature, and the fire extinguishing layer is located between the exhaust guide layer and the structural framework; the structural framework can filter smoke flowing through the structural framework and discharge filtered gas. According to the fire extinguishing and smoke removing device, harmful substances generated in the process can be eliminated while the thermal runaway battery is extinguished, and harm to personnel and the surrounding environment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, to a fire extinguishing and smoke removal device and a power battery. Background Technology

[0002] In electric vehicle power systems, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells are a commonly used battery type, and their safety under thermal runaway conditions has always been a focus of industry attention. When an LFP cell experiences thermal runaway, it will emit electrolyte solvent vapors containing dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methyl carbonate (MC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC), as well as a large amount of high-temperature fumes generated by lithium salts, binders, and side reactions. This results in the emission of large amounts of high-temperature fumes, electrolyte vapors, and solid particulate matter from the entire battery pack's explosion-proof valve, posing a serious threat to environmental and personal safety.

[0003] The safety design of power battery packs has always been a focus of the electric vehicle industry, especially in addressing thermal runaway in high-energy-density batteries. Current thermal runaway protection solutions for power battery packs typically include protective structures designed to reduce heat transfer between battery cells and prevent cascading reactions. In addition, thermal management strategies are widely adopted, such as adding thermal insulation materials between battery cells and implementing a whole-pack water-cooling system to effectively remove generated heat and prevent further spread of thermal runaway. An explosion-proof valve in the lower casing design is a critical safety measure; it can open promptly to expel smoke when a cell experiences thermal runaway and generates a large amount of smoke, thereby reducing internal pressure and preventing the entire pack from catching fire or exploding due to overpressure.

[0004] However, for battery cells with higher energy density, traditional passive protection methods are insufficient. While adding high-temperature insulation to the outer surface of components can mitigate jet fires and high-temperature fumes after thermal runaway to some extent, and water-cooling systems and cell thermal insulation designs can also provide some thermal protection, these methods cannot take active fire extinguishing measures immediately after thermal runaway occurs, nor can they effectively adsorb and filter harmful particles in the fumes within the pack. This delayed response time significantly increases the risk of the entire battery pack. Once thermal runaway occurs, it can not only damage the vehicle itself but also pose a serious threat to the surrounding environment and people.

[0005] To improve the timeliness of handling thermal runaway, existing technologies include fire suppression systems that can extinguish battery fires in a timely manner when thermal runaway occurs, thereby preventing further deterioration of the thermal runaway and more serious situations such as battery explosion. While fire suppression systems can effectively extinguish battery fires, they also generate a large amount of harmful smoke that spreads into the surrounding environment, still causing damage to people and the environment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main objective of this invention is to provide a fire extinguishing and smoke removal device and a power battery that can eliminate harmful substances generated during the fire extinguishing process of a thermal runaway battery, thereby reducing the harm to personnel and the surrounding environment.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a fire extinguishing and smoke removal device is provided, comprising an exhaust guiding layer with exhaust guiding holes; and a fire extinguishing adsorption layer disposed on the exhaust side of the exhaust guiding layer. The fire extinguishing adsorption layer includes a structural frame and a fire extinguishing layer disposed on the structural frame. The fire extinguishing layer contains a fire extinguishing agent, and the fire extinguishing adsorption layer releases the fire extinguishing agent when the temperature inside the layer reaches a preset temperature. The fire extinguishing layer is located between the exhaust guiding layer and the structural frame, and the structural frame is capable of filtering the flowing smoke and discharging the filtered gas.

[0008] Furthermore, the fire extinguishing layer includes multiple rows of fire extinguishing agent chambers arranged sequentially along the first direction, with the multiple rows of fire extinguishing agent chambers spaced apart.

[0009] Furthermore, each row of extinguishing agent compartments includes multiple individual compartments, which are spaced apart along the second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are arranged at an angle.

[0010] Furthermore, the extinguishing agent compartments in each row are isolated from each other; or, multiple rows of extinguishing agent compartments are connected end to end to form a series structure.

[0011] Furthermore, in each row of extinguishing agent compartments, adjacent compartments are connected by connecting bridges; or, in each row of extinguishing agent compartments, adjacent compartments are isolated from each other.

[0012] Furthermore, the extinguishing agent is a composite phase change material, and the extinguishing agent compartment has a coating layer. The coating layer has a sealed structure, and the extinguishing agent is contained within the coating layer. When the temperature inside the extinguishing adsorption layer reaches a preset temperature, the coating layer melts and releases the extinguishing agent.

[0013] Furthermore, the structural frame and extinguishing agent chamber are made of high-temperature resistant porous media materials.

[0014] Furthermore, the structural frame is a plate-like structure, and the fire extinguishing layer also includes a fixed frame. The structural frame and the fixed frame are an integral structure, and the fire extinguishing agent compartment is installed on the fixed frame.

[0015] Furthermore, the extinguishing agent container is suspended within a fixed frame; or, the extinguishing agent container is fixedly connected to the structural frame.

[0016] Furthermore, the exhaust guide layer includes an exhaust guide plate, exhaust guide holes are disposed on the exhaust guide plate, and the exhaust guide plate is made of a compressible, high-temperature resistant, and fireproof material.

[0017] Furthermore, both the structural frame and the extinguishing agent chamber are made of high-temperature resistant porous media materials, and the extinguishing agent is a granular structure formed by a phase change material coating layer. The granular structure is embedded in the porous structure of the structural frame and the extinguishing agent chamber.

[0018] According to another aspect of the present invention, a power battery is provided, including the above-described fire extinguishing and smoke removal device.

[0019] Furthermore, the power battery also includes a lower casing, battery cells, and an upper casing. The upper casing covers the lower casing, the battery cells are housed inside the lower casing, and a fire extinguishing and smoke removal device is located between the battery cells and the upper casing. The exhaust guide hole of the fire extinguishing and smoke removal device is correspondingly set with the battery cell explosion-proof valve of the battery cell, and the size of the exhaust guide hole is larger than the size of the battery cell explosion-proof valve.

[0020] Furthermore, the fire extinguishing and smoke removal device is integrated and fixed on the upper shell.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present invention, an electrical device is provided, including the power battery described above.

[0022] In an embodiment of the present invention, an exhaust guide layer is used to guide the directional flow of thermal runaway ejected material from the battery cell for subsequent fire extinguishing and filtration. The exhaust guide layer is provided with exhaust guide holes. When thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell, the thermal runaway ejected material flows out of the exhaust guide layer under the constraint of the exhaust guide holes and is directionally ejected into the fire extinguishing adsorption layer. The fire extinguishing adsorption layer includes a structural frame and a fire extinguishing layer, which is disposed on the structural frame and located between the exhaust guide layer and the structural frame. The fire extinguishing layer contains a fire extinguishing agent. When the temperature inside the fire extinguishing adsorption layer reaches a preset temperature, the fire extinguishing agent is released. The fire extinguishing agent and the thermal runaway ejected smoke come into full contact and mix, and the high-temperature ejected smoke is rapidly cooled. If a fire occurs in the battery cell, the fire extinguishing agent can also extinguish the fire in time, preventing the thermal runaway of the battery cell from further escalating. The structural frame can filter the flowing smoke and discharge the filtered gas, eliminating harmful substances generated in the process and reducing the harm to personnel and the surrounding environment. By integrating the exhaust guide layer, fire extinguishing layer, and structural frame, the system achieves high integration and good assembly reliability, enabling rapid fire extinguishing in the event of battery thermal runaway and adsorption of smoke particles, thus avoiding the risk of thermal spread of battery thermal runaway. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the power battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fire extinguishing and smoke removal device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the fire extinguishing adsorption layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the exhaust guide layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0029] 1. Exhaust guide layer; 2. Exhaust guide plate; 3. Exhaust guide hole; 4. Fire extinguishing adsorption layer; 5. Structural frame; 6. Fire extinguishing layer; 7. Fire extinguishing agent compartment; 8. Single compartment; 9. Connecting bridge; 10. Fixing frame; 11. Lower housing; 12. Battery cell; 13. Upper housing; 14. Battery cell explosion-proof valve; 15. Whole package explosion-proof valve. Detailed Implementation

[0030] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0031] See also Figures 1 to 4 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, a fire extinguishing and smoke removal device is provided, comprising: an exhaust guiding layer 1, on which exhaust guiding holes 3 are provided; and a fire extinguishing adsorption layer 4 disposed on the exhaust side of the exhaust guiding layer 1, the fire extinguishing adsorption layer 4 comprising a structural frame 5 and a fire extinguishing layer 6 disposed on the structural frame 5, the fire extinguishing layer 6 containing a fire extinguishing agent, the fire extinguishing adsorption layer 4 releasing the fire extinguishing agent when the temperature inside the layer reaches a preset temperature, the fire extinguishing layer 6 being located between the exhaust guiding layer 1 and the structural frame 5, the structural frame 5 being capable of filtering the flowing smoke and discharging the filtered gas.

[0032] In the above embodiments, the exhaust guide layer 1 is used to guide the directional flow of thermal runaway ejected material from the battery cell 12 for subsequent fire extinguishing and filtration. The exhaust guide layer 1 is provided with exhaust guide holes 3. When thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell 12, the thermal runaway ejected material flows out of the exhaust guide layer 1 under the constraint of the exhaust guide holes 3 and is directionally ejected into the fire extinguishing adsorption layer 4. The fire extinguishing adsorption layer 4 includes a structural frame 5 and a fire extinguishing layer 6. The fire extinguishing layer 6 is disposed on the structural frame 5 and located between the exhaust guide layer 1 and the structural frame 5. The fire extinguishing layer 6 contains a fire extinguishing agent. When the temperature inside the fire extinguishing adsorption layer 4 reaches a preset temperature, the fire extinguishing agent is released. The fire extinguishing agent and the thermal runaway ejected smoke come into full contact and mix, and the high-temperature ejected smoke is rapidly cooled. If a fire occurs in the battery cell 12, the fire extinguishing agent can also extinguish the fire in time, preventing the thermal runaway of the battery cell 12 from further escalating. The structural frame 5 filters the flowing smoke and discharges the filtered gas, eliminating harmful substances generated in the process and reducing the harm to personnel and the surrounding environment. By integrating the exhaust guide layer 1, the fire extinguishing layer 6, and the structural frame 5, the system achieves high integration and good assembly reliability, enabling rapid fire extinguishing in the event of battery thermal runaway and adsorption of smoke particles, thus avoiding the risk of thermal spread from battery thermal runaway.

[0033] In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing layer 6 includes multiple rows of fire extinguishing agent chambers 7 arranged sequentially along a first direction, with the multiple rows of fire extinguishing agent chambers 7 spaced apart.

[0034] In the above embodiments, the fire extinguishing layer 6 includes multiple rows of fire extinguishing agent chambers 7 arranged sequentially along the first direction. The multiple rows of fire extinguishing agent chambers 7 are spaced apart. The fire extinguishing agent chambers 7 correspond to the battery cell explosion-proof valves 14. Each row of fire extinguishing agent chambers 7 corresponds to a row of battery cell explosion-proof valves 14. After the fire extinguishing agent chambers 7 are opened, the fire extinguishing agent is released and fully contacts and mixes with the thermal runaway ejection smoke of the battery cell 12. The high-temperature ejection smoke can be rapidly cooled.

[0035] In one embodiment, each row of extinguishing agent chambers 7 includes a plurality of individual chambers 8, which are spaced apart along a second direction, wherein the first direction is at an angle to the second direction.

[0036] In the above embodiments, each row of extinguishing agent chambers 7 includes multiple individual chambers 8, which are spaced apart along the second direction. Each individual chamber 8 corresponds one-to-one with a multiple battery cell explosion-proof valve 14. When the battery cell 12 experiences thermal runaway, its high-temperature, high-speed ejected smoke is ejected from the battery cell explosion-proof valve 14, flows into the extinguishing layer 6 under the constraint of the exhaust guide hole 3, and is guided to the corresponding individual chamber 8. The first and second directions are angled, ensuring that the individual chambers are evenly distributed in the extinguishing layer 6, each corresponding to a different battery cell explosion-proof valve 14, thus improving the extinguishing efficiency.

[0037] In one embodiment, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0038] In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing agent compartments 7 are isolated from each other.

[0039] In the above embodiments, the extinguishing agent inside each extinguishing agent chamber 7 is encapsulated within the chamber, and the chambers are isolated from each other. Each chamber only extinguishes the thermal runaway ejection of the corresponding battery cell 12 in its area, without affecting other chambers. After the extinguishing agent chamber 7 releases its extinguishing agent to extinguish the fire, only the chamber that released the extinguishing agent needs to be maintained, reducing maintenance costs.

[0040] In one embodiment, the multiple rows of extinguishing agent chambers 7 are connected end to end to form a series structure.

[0041] In the above embodiment, the multiple rows of extinguishing agent chambers 7 are connected end to end to form a series structure. The sequentially connected structure of the extinguishing agent chambers 7 allows the extinguishing agent in the multiple rows of extinguishing agent chambers 7 to flow in different extinguishing agent chambers 7. After the battery cell 12 thermally runs away, a certain part of the extinguishing agent chamber 7 opens, and all the extinguishing agent in the system is concentrated and sprayed from this point to carry out targeted and continuous fire suppression, ensuring the reliability of the fire suppression work.

[0042] In one embodiment, adjacent single compartments 8 in each row of extinguishing agent compartments 7 are connected by a connecting bridge 9.

[0043] In the above embodiments, the connecting bridge 9 connects different single compartments 8 to form a fire extinguishing system, while providing space for the flow of extinguishing agent. This ensures that after the thermal runaway of the battery cell 12, the extinguishing agent compartment 7 in a certain part opens, and all the extinguishing agents in the system are concentrated and sprayed from this point for targeted and continuous fire extinguishing.

[0044] In one embodiment, the connecting bridge 9 is made of high-temperature resistant and fire-resistant materials such as refractory ceramics, cordierite, and silicon carbide composite materials.

[0045] In the above embodiments, the connecting bridge 9 is made of high-temperature and fire-resistant materials such as refractory ceramics, cordierite, and silicon carbide composite materials, which ensures the flow of extinguishing agent between individual compartments 8 and the connectivity between individual compartments 8 when the battery cell 12 experiences thermal runaway.

[0046] In one embodiment, adjacent individual compartments 8 in each row of extinguishing agent compartments 7 are isolated from each other.

[0047] In the above embodiments, the individual compartments 8 are isolated from each other, and each compartment 8 only extinguishes the thermal runaway ejection of the battery cells in its area, without affecting other compartments 8. After a compartment 8 releases the extinguishing agent to extinguish the fire, only the compartment 8 that released the extinguishing agent needs to be maintained, reducing maintenance costs.

[0048] In one embodiment, the extinguishing agent is a composite phase change material, and the extinguishing agent chamber 7 has a coating layer inside. The coating layer has a sealed structure, and the extinguishing agent is contained inside the coating layer. When the temperature inside the extinguishing adsorption layer 4 reaches a preset temperature, the coating layer melts and releases the extinguishing agent.

[0049] In the above embodiment, when the battery cell 12 experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature, high-speed ejected smoke flows from the exhaust guide hole 3 into the fire extinguishing adsorption layer 4 and comes into contact with the coating layer of the fire extinguishing agent chamber 7. When the temperature inside the fire extinguishing adsorption layer 4 reaches the preset temperature, the coating layer melts, forming a fire extinguishing agent nozzle and releasing the fire extinguishing agent. This achieves rapid fire extinguishing in the first instance, completes the fire extinguishing work for the thermal runaway of the battery cell 12, and avoids the risk of heat spread.

[0050] In one embodiment, the structural frame 5 and the extinguishing agent chamber 7 are made of a high-temperature resistant porous medium material.

[0051] In the above embodiments, the structural frame 5 is made of a high-temperature resistant porous medium material. When the battery cell 12 experiences thermal runaway, it can maintain the structure of the structural frame 5 and prevent the phase change material from melting over a large area, which would cause the system structure to collapse instantaneously and reduce the cooling and fire extinguishing effect in the key areas of the battery cell 12. When the fire extinguishing agent chamber 7 is not opened to spray the fire extinguishing agent, the thermal runaway ejection smoke will mainly come into contact with the structural frame 5 and then circulate within the structural frame 5. Some of the particulate matter will be adsorbed and embedded in the outer shell of the structural frame 5. Meanwhile, the extinguishing agent chamber 7 is made of high-temperature resistant porous media material, which can adsorb and embed solid ejected particles from the battery cell 12 during high-temperature thermal runaway. When the battery cell 12 experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature, high-speed ejected smoke rushes into the extinguishing adsorption layer 4 from the exhaust guide hole 3 and comes into contact with the coating layer of the extinguishing agent chamber 7. Through the porous media pores of the extinguishing agent chamber 7, it comes into contact with the phase change coating layer, melts the phase change coating layer, forms the extinguishing agent nozzle, releases the extinguishing agent, and completes the extinguishing work for the thermal runaway of the battery cell 12, avoiding the risk of heat spread.

[0052] In one embodiment, the structural frame 5 and the extinguishing agent chamber 7 are made of at least one of high-temperature resistant porous media materials such as cordierite and porous ceramics.

[0053] In the above embodiments, the structural frame 5 and the extinguishing agent chamber 7 are made of at least one of high-temperature resistant porous media materials such as cordierite and porous ceramics. The structural frame 5 can effectively adsorb solid particles in the thermal runaway gas through the high-temperature resistant porous media material, eliminating the insulation risk caused by charged particles flowing in the whole package and the risk of the whole package releasing harmful smoke into the environment. By using the high-temperature resistant porous media material, the extinguishing agent chamber 7 can adsorb and embed solid ejected particles from the high-temperature thermal runaway of the battery cell 12. When the battery cell 12 thermally runs away, the high-temperature, high-speed ejected smoke flows from the exhaust guide hole 3 into the extinguishing adsorption layer 4 and contacts the coating layer of the extinguishing agent chamber 7. Through the porous media pores of the extinguishing agent chamber 7, it contacts the phase change coating layer, melts the phase change coating layer, forms the extinguishing agent nozzle, releases the extinguishing agent, and completes the extinguishing work for the thermal runaway of the battery cell 12, avoiding the risk of heat spread.

[0054] In one embodiment, the structural frame 5 is a plate-shaped structure, the fire extinguishing layer 6 further includes a fixing frame 10, the structural frame 5 and the fixing frame 10 are an integral structure, and the fire extinguishing agent chamber 7 is installed on the fixing frame 10.

[0055] In the above embodiments, the structural frame 5 is a plate-like structure, which is integrated with the fixed frame 10, providing rigid support for the installation of the extinguishing agent container 7 on the fixed frame 10, thereby improving the system's integration and assembly reliability.

[0056] In one embodiment, the fixed frame 10 is a hollow structure containing a fire extinguishing agent, and it is connected to the fire extinguishing agent chamber 7.

[0057] In the above embodiments, the fixed frame 10 can also contain extinguishing agent, which increases the total amount of extinguishing agent in the system, ensures the reliability of the fire extinguishing and cooling work, and avoids the risk of heat spread.

[0058] In one embodiment, the exhaust guide layer 1 includes an exhaust guide plate 2, and an exhaust guide hole 3 is disposed on the exhaust guide plate 2. The exhaust guide plate 2 is made of a compressible, high-temperature resistant, and fireproof material.

[0059] In the above embodiments, the exhaust guide hole 3 is disposed on the exhaust guide plate 2, ensuring accurate positioning of the exhaust guide hole 3 and possessing a certain degree of resistance to deformation. In the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell 12, the ejected smoke can be guided into the fire extinguishing adsorption layer 4. The exhaust guide plate 2 is made of compressible, high-temperature resistant fireproof material. Firstly, it can resist the impact of the high temperature generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell on its structural strength; secondly, it achieves a flexible connection between the exhaust guide plate 2 and the upper cover of the battery cell 12 after assembly, avoiding compression of the battery cell 12; and thirdly, it ensures close contact between the exhaust guide hole 3 and the battery cell 12, thereby guiding the ejected smoke into the fire extinguishing adsorption layer 4 in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell 12.

[0060] In one embodiment, the smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell 12 is cooled and filtered, then flows out of the fire extinguishing and smoke removal device through the pores of the high-temperature resistant porous medium material of the structural skeleton 5 and into the internal space of the entire package.

[0061] In the above embodiments, the high-temperature resistant porous dielectric material of the structural skeleton 5 fully filters the smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell 12. The porous characteristics of the high-temperature resistant porous dielectric material of the structural skeleton 5 are utilized to discharge the smoke into the internal space of the entire package. There is no need to install gas valves on the fire extinguishing and smoke removal device, which simplifies the structure of the fire extinguishing and smoke removal device, improves the mechanical reliability of the fire extinguishing and smoke removal device, reduces the manufacturing cost of the fire extinguishing and smoke removal device, and can store large charged or metal ejected particles to prevent large ejected particles from falling to high-voltage components and causing insulation or short circuit risks.

[0062] In one embodiment, the exhaust guide plate 2 is a high-temperature resistant, insulating, and fire-resistant material, made of at least one of ceramic fiber cotton / felt, vermiculite, polyimide (PI) foam, fluororubber foam, ceramic fiber-silicone composite material, and basalt fiber-phenolic resin composite material.

[0063] In the above embodiments, the exhaust guide plate 2 is made of compressible, high-temperature resistant, and fire-resistant materials such as ceramic fiber cotton / felt, expanded graphite, vermiculite, silicone rubber foam, polyimide (PI) foam, fluororubber foam, ceramic fiber-silicone composite material, graphite-rubber composite material, and basalt fiber-phenolic resin composite material. These materials have a certain degree of compressibility, enabling a soft connection between the exhaust guide plate 2 and the top cover of the battery cell 12 after assembly, avoiding compression of the battery cell 12. Simultaneously, it ensures tight contact between the exhaust guide hole 3 and the battery cell 12, allowing the ejected smoke to be guided into the fire extinguishing adsorption layer 4 in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell 12. Furthermore, these materials possess high-temperature resistant and fire-resistant properties, resisting the impact of the high temperatures generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell 12 on the strength of the exhaust guide plate 2.

[0064] In one embodiment, both the structural frame 5 and the extinguishing agent chamber 7 are made of high-temperature resistant porous media material, and the extinguishing agent is a granular structure formed by a phase change material coating layer. The granular structure is embedded in the porous structure of the structural frame 5 and the extinguishing agent chamber 7.

[0065] In one embodiment, the phase change material is a hydrated salt phase change material, a molten salt phase change material, a paraffin-based phase change material modified with composite thermally conductive fillers, an alloy phase change material, a pure metal phase change material, a ceramic-based composite high-temperature phase change material, etc.

[0066] In the above embodiments, the structural frame 5 is made of a high-temperature resistant porous medium material. When the battery cell 12 experiences thermal runaway, the structural frame 5 can maintain its structure. The flue gas emitted during thermal runaway of the battery cell 12 can contact the structural frame 5 and circulate within it. Some particles are adsorbed and embedded in the outer shell of the structural frame 5. Simultaneously, the particles embedded in the porous structure of the structural frame 5 can melt under high temperature, extinguishing the fire in the thermal runaway area of ​​the battery cell 12. The extinguishing agent chamber 7 is made of a high-temperature resistant porous medium material, which can adsorb and embed solid ejected particles from the high-temperature thermal runaway of the battery cell 12. When the battery cell 12 experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature, high-speed ejected flue gas rushes into the extinguishing adsorption layer 4 from the exhaust guide hole 3, contacting the porous medium pores of the extinguishing agent chamber 7. This causes the particles embedded in the porous structure of the extinguishing agent chamber 7 to melt under high temperature, extinguishing the fire in the thermal runaway area of ​​the battery cell 12. In this embodiment, the extinguishing agent is a granular structure formed by a phase change material coating layer, which is uniformly distributed within the extinguishing adsorption layer 4, resulting in a fast response speed and rapid extinguishing and cooling.

[0067] See also Figures 1 to 4 As shown, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a power battery is provided, including the above-described fire extinguishing and smoke removal device.

[0068] In one embodiment, the power battery further includes a lower housing 11, a battery cell 12, and an upper housing 13. The upper housing 13 covers the lower housing 11, the battery cell 12 is disposed inside the lower housing 11, and a fire extinguishing and smoke removal device is disposed between the battery cell 12 and the upper housing 13. The exhaust guide hole 3 of the fire extinguishing and smoke removal device is correspondingly disposed with the battery cell explosion-proof valve 14 of the battery cell 12, and the size of the exhaust guide hole 3 is larger than the size of the battery cell explosion-proof valve 14.

[0069] In the above embodiment, the fire extinguishing and smoke removal device is disposed between the battery cell 12 and the upper housing 13. The exhaust guide hole 3 of the fire extinguishing and smoke removal device is correspondingly disposed with the battery cell explosion-proof valve 14 of the battery cell 12, ensuring tight contact between the exhaust guide hole 3 and the battery cell explosion-proof valve 14. The size of the exhaust guide hole 3 is larger than the size of the battery cell explosion-proof valve 14. The exhaust guide hole 3 and the battery cell explosion-proof valve 14 are in direct contact, which can respond to the thermal runaway temperature of the battery cell 12 immediately, so that the thermal runaway gas can completely enter the fire extinguishing adsorption layer 4. After being circulated and cooled in the fire extinguishing adsorption layer 4, the thermal runaway gas flows into the internal space of the entire package and is finally discharged into the package through the explosion-proof valve 15.

[0070] In one embodiment, the size of the exhaust guide hole 3 is larger than the size of the cell explosion-proof valve 14. When the exhaust guide hole 3 and the cell explosion-proof valve 14 are assembled, the size of the single-sided gap between the exhaust guide hole 3 and the cell explosion-proof valve 14 is greater than or equal to 2.5mm.

[0071] In the above embodiments, the size of the single-sided gap between the exhaust guide hole 3 and the cell explosion-proof valve 14 is greater than or equal to 2.5mm, which can ensure that the cell explosion-proof valve 14 is completely within the range of the exhaust guide hole 3, so that the thermal runaway gas can completely enter the fire extinguishing adsorption layer 4.

[0072] In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing and smoke removal device is integrated and fixed on the upper housing 13.

[0073] In the above embodiments, the fire extinguishing and smoke removal device is integrated and fixed on the upper housing 13 and is in direct contact with the battery cell explosion-proof valve 14. It can respond to the thermal runaway temperature of the battery cell 12 in the first time, which improves the integration and assembly reliability of the system.

[0074] In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing and smoke removal device and the upper housing 13 are fixed by adhesive or mechanical connection.

[0075] In the above embodiments, the fire extinguishing and smoke removal device and the upper housing 13 are connected and fixed by adhesive or mechanical structure to form a multifunctional composite integrated upper cover, which improves the system integration and assembly reliability.

[0076] In one embodiment, the upper housing 13 and the lower housing 11 are connected by bolts.

[0077] In the above embodiments, the upper housing 13 and the lower housing 11 are connected by bolts. The rigid connection of the bolts ensures the airtightness of the power battery and improves the reliability of the power battery and the fire extinguishing and smoke removal device system.

[0078] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an electrical device is provided, including the power battery described above.

[0079] The electrical equipment could be, for example, a vehicle, a ship, an aerospace vehicle, an energy storage system, or an industrial robot.

[0080] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0081] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0082] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing and smoke removal device, characterized in that, include: An exhaust guide layer (1) is provided with an exhaust guide hole (3). A fire extinguishing adsorption layer (4) is disposed on the exhaust side of the exhaust guiding layer (1). The fire extinguishing adsorption layer (4) includes a structural frame (5) and a fire extinguishing layer (6). The fire extinguishing layer (6) is disposed on the structural frame (5). The fire extinguishing layer (6) contains a fire extinguishing agent. The fire extinguishing adsorption layer (4) releases the fire extinguishing agent when the temperature inside the layer reaches a preset temperature. The fire extinguishing layer (6) is located between the exhaust guiding layer (1) and the structural frame (5). The structural frame (5) can filter the flowing flue gas and discharge the filtered gas.

2. The fire extinguishing and smoke removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing layer (6) includes multiple rows of fire extinguishing agent chambers (7) arranged sequentially along the first direction, with the multiple rows of fire extinguishing agent chambers (7) spaced apart.

3. The fire extinguishing and smoke removal device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each row of fire extinguishing agent compartments (7) includes multiple individual compartments (8), which are spaced apart along a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are arranged at an angle.

4. The fire extinguishing and smoke removal device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing agent compartments (7) in each row are isolated from each other; or, the fire extinguishing agent compartments (7) in multiple rows are connected end to end to form a series structure.

5. The fire extinguishing and smoke removal device according to claim 3, characterized in that, In each row of fire extinguishing agent compartments (7), adjacent single compartments (8) are connected by a connecting bridge (9); or, in each row of fire extinguishing agent compartments (7), adjacent single compartments (8) are isolated from each other.

6. The fire extinguishing and smoke removal device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, The extinguishing agent is a composite phase change material. The extinguishing agent chamber (7) has a coating layer inside. The coating layer is a sealed structure. The extinguishing agent is contained in the coating layer. When the temperature inside the extinguishing adsorption layer (4) reaches a preset temperature, the coating layer melts and releases the extinguishing agent.

7. The fire extinguishing and smoke removal device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The structural frame (5) and the extinguishing agent chamber (7) are made of high-temperature resistant porous media material.

8. The fire extinguishing and smoke removal device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, The structural frame (5) is a plate-shaped structure, and the fire extinguishing layer (6) also includes a fixing frame (10). The structural frame (5) and the fixing frame (10) are an integral structure, and the fire extinguishing agent chamber (7) is installed on the fixing frame (10).

9. The fire extinguishing and smoke removal device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The extinguishing agent container (7) is suspended inside the fixed frame (10); or, the extinguishing agent container (7) is fixedly connected to the structural frame (5).

10. The fire extinguishing and smoke removal device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The exhaust guide layer (1) includes an exhaust guide plate (2), and the exhaust guide hole (3) is disposed on the exhaust guide plate (2). The exhaust guide plate (2) is made of compressible high-temperature resistant fireproof material.

11. The fire extinguishing and smoke removal device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, The structural frame (5) and the extinguishing agent chamber (7) are both made of high-temperature resistant porous media material. The extinguishing agent is a granular structure formed by a phase change material coating layer. The granular structure is embedded in the porous structure of the structural frame (5) and the extinguishing agent chamber (7).

12. A power battery, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing and smoke removal device includes any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. The power battery according to claim 12, characterized in that, The power battery also includes a lower housing (11), a battery cell (12) and an upper housing (13). The upper housing (13) covers the lower housing (11). The battery cell (12) is located inside the lower housing (11). The fire extinguishing and smoke removal device is located between the battery cell (12) and the upper housing (13). The exhaust guide hole (3) of the fire extinguishing and smoke removal device is correspondingly provided with the battery cell explosion-proof valve (14) of the battery cell (12). The size of the exhaust guide hole (3) is larger than the size of the battery cell explosion-proof valve (14).

14. The power battery according to claim 13, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing and smoke removal device is integrated and fixed on the upper shell (13).

15. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, The power battery included in any one of claims 12 to 14.

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