HPLC communication device and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of low-voltage power line communication, and provides an HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) communication device and a control method. Comprising a main control module, a power supply module, a communication module, a storage module and a detection module. The power supply module comprises a main power supply and a backup power supply, and the backup power supply comprises a super capacitor and is configured to provide backup power for the communication module when power supply of the main power supply is abnormal and cut off a charging loop of the backup power supply during power supply; the communication module is integrated with a carrier communication sub-module, the conventional power supply of the carrier communication sub-module is provided by external equipment, and when the external power supply voltage is lower than a first preset threshold value, the carrier communication sub-module is switched to a backup power supply for power supply; the detection module is configured to detect a power frequency signal and a DC voltage signal; the storage module is configured to store transformer area feature data, zero-crossing time stamp data and event records. The problems that a traditional system cannot monitor equipment power failure in real time and depends on user repair are solved, power failure and recovery events are actively reported, and real-time fault data are provided for operation and maintenance of a public transformer terminal area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of low-voltage power line communication technology, specifically to an HPLC communication device and control method. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of building a new power system, low-voltage distribution areas are a key link between the power grid and users. The reliability of their electricity consumption information collection, equipment status monitoring and fault response directly affects the efficiency of power grid operation and maintenance and the quality of power supply services.

[0003] Currently, HPLC communication technology is widely used in low-pressure distribution areas to realize power data transmission and equipment control. However, existing HPLC communication devices and control methods still have the following significant drawbacks in practical applications: First, the reliability of reporting power outage and restoration events is insufficient, and false alarms or omissions are prone to occur: Existing HPLC communication devices mostly rely on a single power frequency zero-crossing signal or voltage detection to determine power outage and restoration status, lacking a multi-condition collaborative determination mechanism. For example, when a module is temporarily plugged in or unplugged for maintenance, relying solely on a voltage drop signal can easily misjudge it as a power outage and trigger a report; conversely, when the power grid experiences instantaneous voltage fluctuations (such as a brief voltage drop below a threshold followed by rapid recovery), the detection delay may lead to missed power restoration events. Furthermore, some units lack dedicated backup power management logic. If the charging circuit is not disconnected when the supercapacitor is supplying power after a power outage, reverse power supply to the meter may occur, affecting the accuracy of power outage and restoration determination and potentially damaging the meter's internal circuitry, resulting in a lower reporting success rate and failing to meet the power grid's requirements for timely and accurate fault response during maintenance.

[0004] Second, it has poor communication adaptability and network compatibility, making it difficult to adapt to complex distribution area scenarios: On the one hand, most existing HPLC communication devices are single-mode designs (supporting only power line carrier communication). In scenarios with aging low-voltage distribution lines, severe interference (such as high-frequency noise generated by the start-up and shutdown of industrial equipment), or excessive line attenuation (such as in long-distance transmission), the communication rate will drop significantly, and the anti-attenuation performance is generally below 80dB, which cannot meet the requirements of minute-level high-frequency acquisition. On the other hand, HPLC units from different manufacturers lack unified compatibility in terms of protocol support and hardware interfaces, making them incompatible with new energy meters or 2022 version public transformer terminals that adopt the DL / T698.45-2017 protocol. Additional hardware modifications or protocol conversions are required, increasing the cost of upgrading distribution areas. At the same time, single-mode units cannot connect to battery-powered devices (such as distribution area monitoring sensors), limiting the digital upgrade process of interconnecting all devices in low-voltage distribution areas.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to design a new HPLC communication device and control method. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, in order to solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides an HPLC communication device and control method.

[0007] The first aspect of this application provides an HPLC communication device, including a main control module, a power supply module, a communication module, a storage module, and a detection module; The power supply module includes a main power supply and a backup power supply. The backup power supply includes a supercapacitor and is configured to provide backup power to the communication module when the main power supply fails to supply power, and to disconnect the charging circuit of the backup power supply during power supply. The communication module integrates a carrier communication submodule, which is normally powered by an external device and switches to be powered by the backup power supply when the external power supply voltage is lower than a first predetermined threshold. The communication module is configured to perform power line carrier communication between at least two predefined frequency bands and supports frequency band switching; The detection module is configured to detect power frequency signals and DC voltage signals; The storage module is configured to store area feature data, zero-crossing timestamp data, and event records.

[0008] In one embodiment, the HPLC communication device is adapted to a single-phase energy meter. Under isolated and shielded conditions, when the service frame length is not less than a predetermined number of bytes, the average delay of carrier message transmission is less than a predetermined value, and it is compatible with the smart energy meter communication interface.

[0009] In one embodiment, the HPLC communication device is adapted to a public transformer terminal. Under isolated and shielded conditions, when the packet loss rate is lower than a predetermined percentage and the in-band transmit power spectral density is a specified density, the anti-attenuation performance is not less than a first predetermined decibel value. It also supports time division multiple access and carrier sense multiple access channel mechanisms and has node management, route maintenance, whitelist filtering, multi-phase networking and multi-network management functions.

[0010] In one embodiment, the HPLC communication device is adapted to a three-phase energy meter, supports data reading, broadcast time synchronization, slave node registration, event reporting, remote cost control and software upgrades, and can be extended to support transformer area identification, phase identification and balance event reporting.

[0011] In one embodiment, the HPLC communication device further integrates a wireless communication module to form an HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication device. The wireless communication module operates in the 470MHz-510MHz frequency band and supports orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation. The dual-mode communication device can achieve hardware interoperability, and the power line carrier anti-attenuation performance is not less than a second predetermined decibel value in isolation and shielding environments.

[0012] A second aspect of this application provides a control method for an HPLC communication device based on a first aspect of this application. The HPLC communication device includes a concentrator carrier module (CCO) and a slave node carrier module (STA). The method includes the following steps for handling power outage events: After the HPLC communication device is powered on and initialized, the detection module continuously monitors the power frequency zero-crossing signal and DC voltage. A power outage event is generated when no zero-crossing signal is detected for several consecutive power frequency cycles, the DC voltage is lower than the second predetermined threshold, and the communication device is not disconnected from the external interface. In response to a power outage event, the system switches to backup power supply and broadcasts a power outage message with a random delay before transmission and periodically transmits the message at intervals and times. After receiving a power outage message, the HPLC communication device that is not powered down will summarize and parse multiple power outage events within a preset countdown time and report them to the concentrator carrier module (CCO) via unicast. When the power frequency zero-crossing signal is detected to have recovered and the DC voltage has returned to the normal range, a power restoration event is generated, the main power supply is switched back to the main power supply and reported to the concentrator carrier module CCO. For three-phase communication devices, the power restoration, power outage or phase loss event is distinguished according to the voltage status of each phase.

[0013] In one embodiment, the following steps for phase identification are included: The concentrator carrier module (CCO) issues a zero-crossing data acquisition command, which includes the acquisition feature type, acquisition frequency, acquisition cycle start time, and number of acquisition points. After receiving the zero-crossing data acquisition command from the node carrier module STA, the system acquires and stores a predetermined number of power frequency cycle zero-crossing data. The zero-crossing data is encapsulated by the node carrier module (STA) and reported to the concentrator carrier module (CCO). The concentrator carrier module (CCO) compares the local zero-crossing data, calculates the phase difference to identify the phase of the slave node, and determines the wiring status. For three-phase slave nodes, the reverse phase sequence or phase loss status is verified by both the zero-crossing signal timing and the energy meter information. The concentrator carrier module (CCO) encapsulates the identification results into a report and sends it to the main station via the concentrator.

[0014] In one embodiment, the following steps are included for station area identification: The main station filters target distribution areas based on the acquisition success rate and line loss rate, and sends a distribution area identification start command to the concentrator; The concentrator forwards the area identification enable command to the concentrator carrier module CCO, so that the concentrator carrier module CCO can enable whitelist filtering and send an area feature collection start message; The node carrier module (STA) collects and stores local feature data according to the configuration of the area feature acquisition start message; After the concentrator carrier module (CCO) completes its data acquisition, it broadcasts its own characteristic data to all slave node carrier modules (STA). The similarity between the node carrier module (STA) and the concentrator carrier module (CCO) data is calculated, and the station area affiliation is determined based on a predetermined similarity threshold. The concentrator carrier module (CCO) polls and reads the judgment result, encapsulates it, and sends it to the main station through the concentrator. After the master station corrects the STA file with the incorrect attribution, it issues a station identification stop command to the concentrator carrier module CCO.

[0015] In one embodiment, the following steps for centralized identification are also included: When the success rate of distributed identification is lower than the predetermined success rate threshold, switch to centralized identification mode and send out a feature collection start message for the station area; The STA (Stationary Node Carrier Module) collects and stores feature data based on the configuration of the area feature acquisition initiation message; The concentrator carrier module (CCO) periodically polls and collects feature data acquired from the node carrier modules (STA). The concentrator calculates the similarity between the feature data collected by the STA and its own feature data to determine the affiliation of the station area; The Concentrator Carrier Module (CCO) reports the centralized identification results to the main station and switches back to distributed mode after the main station corrects the file.

[0016] In one embodiment, the HPLC communication device supports multiple message formats; When the slave node carrier module STA is working normally, it forwards meter reading messages and transmits meter data back; When the node carrier module STA is initialized, it attempts to read the meter address at multiple rates until it succeeds or iterates through all rates.

[0017] The HPLC communication device and control method provided in the first aspect of this application configure a supercapacitor in the power supply module as a dedicated backup power source for the communication module, and simultaneously disconnects the charging circuit during power supply switching (to avoid reverse power supply to external meters / terminals); the detection module determines power outages based on three conditions: power frequency zero-crossing signal, DC voltage signal, and insertion / removal signal, eliminating interference from incorrect insertion / removal; after a power outage, the supercapacitor can maintain communication for ≥30s, supporting 10 broadcasts of power outage messages at 2s intervals, and nodes that have not experienced power outages will also summarize all power outage information within 30s and unicast it to the CCO. This function accurately solves the problem that traditional systems cannot monitor equipment power outages in real time and rely on user reports for repairs, realizing proactive reporting of power outage and restoration events (reporting time ≤5min), providing real-time fault data for the operation and maintenance of public transformer terminal areas, and meeting the design goals of the "Product Design Scheme" to improve power supply reliability and customer service guarantee capabilities.

[0018] It is understandable that the beneficial effects of the second aspect mentioned above can be found in the relevant descriptions in the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware architecture of an HPLC communication device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for handling power outage events based on an HPLC communication device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a functional interaction block diagram of automatic (distributed) identification of workstations based on an HPLC communication device provided in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0021] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods have been omitted so as not to obscure the description of this application with unnecessary detail.

[0022] It should be understood that, when used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or a collection thereof.

[0023] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0024] As used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "when," "once," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, the phrase "if determined" or "if detected [the described condition or event]" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as meaning "once determined," "in response to determination," "once detected [the described condition or event]," or "in response to detection [the described condition or event]."

[0025] Furthermore, in the description of this application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as described in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown in the embodiment of this application, an HPLC communication device includes a main control module, a power supply module, a communication module, a storage module, and a detection module. The power supply module includes a main power supply and a backup power supply. The backup power supply includes a supercapacitor and is configured to provide backup power to the communication module when the main power supply fails to supply power, and to disconnect the charging circuit of the backup power supply during power supply. The communication module integrates a carrier communication submodule, which is normally powered by an external device and switches to be powered by the backup power supply when the external power supply voltage is lower than a first predetermined threshold. The communication module is configured to perform power line carrier communication between at least two predefined frequency bands and supports frequency band switching; The detection module is configured to detect power frequency signals and DC voltage signals; The storage module is configured to store area feature data, zero-crossing timestamp data, and event records.

[0028] In the application, the communication module integrates a carrier communication submodule that enables high-speed carrier communication over low-voltage power lines. The carrier communication submodule is normally powered by an external meter or terminal device. Power supply switching is triggered only when the external meter or terminal device fails to provide power and the power supply voltage of the carrier communication submodule is below 12V. In this case, a supercapacitor supplies power to the communication module and its internal carrier communication submodule separately. The supercapacitor's power is only supplied to the communication module. The communication module operates in frequency bands of 2MHz-12MHz, 2.4MHz-5.6MHz, 0.7MHz-3MHz, and 1.7MHz-3MHz, and supports frequency band switching; the transmit power spectral density is no greater than -45dBm / Hz within the four basic frequency bands and no greater than -75dBm / Hz outside the four basic frequency bands. The detection module includes a power frequency zero-crossing signal detection circuit and a voltage detection circuit, which are used to detect the power frequency power supply interruption and restoration status and the DC 12V voltage change, respectively. The storage module is used to store station feature information, zero-crossing NTB data, and event reporting records.

[0029] It should be noted that the working principle of this design is as follows: the DC power supply meets the normal power supply requirements of the module, and the supercapacitor only serves as a dedicated backup power supply for the communication module when the external power supply is interrupted. Cutting off the charging circuit can prevent the supercapacitor's power from being diverted to the charging circuit (improving power supply efficiency) and flowing back into external devices (avoiding equipment damage or misjudgment of power outages and restorations). The core advantage is that it balances the stability of normal power supply with the reliability of critical communication functions during power outages.

[0030] The communication module integrates a function to realize high-speed carrier communication over low-voltage power lines. The normal power supply of this carrier communication submodule is provided by an external electricity meter or terminal device. Only when the external electricity meter or terminal device fails to supply power normally and the power supply voltage of the carrier communication submodule is lower than 12V, the power supply switch is triggered, and the supercapacitor supplies power to the communication module (including the carrier communication submodule) separately. The power of the supercapacitor is only supplied to the communication module and does not flow back into the external electricity meter or terminal device through any loop.

[0031] It should be noted that the working principle of this design is as follows: the external device power supply is the normal mode, and 12V voltage is used as the power supply switching threshold (to accurately identify external power supply interruption). After triggering, only the supercapacitor supplies power to the communication module. The power flow is limited by the loop design. The core advantage is to avoid the module losing power when the external power supply is abnormal, and at the same time to prevent equipment failure caused by reverse power supply, so as to ensure that the communication module can still operate in the power outage scenario.

[0032] The communication module operates in frequency bands of 2MHz-12MHz, 2.4MHz-5.6MHz, 0.7MHz-3MHz, and 1.7MHz-3MHz, with a factory default frequency band of 0.7MHz-3MHz. It supports switching between frequency bands. The transmit power spectral density is no greater than -45dBm / Hz within the above four basic frequency bands and no greater than -75dBm / Hz outside the four basic frequency bands.

[0033] It should be noted that the working principle of this design is as follows: it provides multiple frequency bands to adapt to different communication environments in different substations (such as 0.7MHz-3MHz to adapt to low interference scenarios, and 2MHz-12MHz to adapt to high bandwidth requirements). The default frequency band selection takes into account versatility, and the power spectral density control complies with electromagnetic compatibility standards. The core advantage is to improve the adaptability of communication in complex substations, reduce electromagnetic interference to other devices, and ensure communication compliance and stability.

[0034] The detection module includes a power frequency zero-crossing signal detection circuit and a voltage detection circuit. The power frequency zero-crossing signal detection circuit is used to detect the power outage and restoration status of the power frequency power supply, and the voltage detection circuit is used to detect changes in DC 12V voltage.

[0035] It should be noted that the working principle of this design is as follows: the power grid is judged by whether the zero-crossing signal of the power frequency is continuous (the power frequency signal is the core feature of the power grid supply). The voltage detection circuit assists in verifying the power supply status (12V voltage reflects the stability of the module's power supply). The core advantage is that dual-parameter detection improves the accuracy of power outage and restoration judgment and avoids misjudgment based on a single parameter (such as misjudging power outage based solely on voltage fluctuations).

[0036] The storage module is used to store station area characteristic information, zero-crossing NTB data, and event reporting records. The HPLC communication device complies with the 5.1 climatic environment conditions, 5.4 electrical safety requirements, and 5.5 electromagnetic compatibility requirements of Q / ND1100803-2020 "Technical Specification for Low-Voltage Power Line High-Speed ​​Carrier (HPLC) Communication Unit". The mean time between failures (MTBF) is not less than 10 years. The electronic tag complies with Q / ND1090219-2020 "Technical Requirements and Testing Specifications for Electronic Tags for Metrology".

[0037] It should be noted that the working principle of this design is as follows: key data is stored in functional partitions (supporting core functions such as station area identification and phase identification), industry technical specifications are followed to ensure the safe and stable operation of the module in different environments, electronic tags enable equipment traceability management, the core advantages are orderly data storage to ensure functional linkage, compliant design to improve equipment reliability and life cycle, and traceability function to facilitate operation and maintenance management.

[0038] In one embodiment, the HPLC communication device is adapted to a single-phase energy meter. Under isolated and shielded conditions, when the service frame length is not less than a predetermined number of bytes, the average delay of carrier message transmission is less than a predetermined value, and it is compatible with the smart energy meter communication interface.

[0039] In applications, the HPLC communication device is adapted to the communication module of single-phase energy meters; under isolated power supply, shielded space environment, and service frame length of not less than 1k bytes, the average uplink and downlink latency of carrier messages with a test time of 20s is less than 30ms, and it is compatible with the latency of smart energy meter communication ports.

[0040] Specifically, the HPLC communication device is adapted to the communication module of a single-phase energy meter, with a static power consumption ≤0.4W and a dynamic power consumption ≤1.5W. Under isolated power supply, shielded environment, no contention scenario, 1:1 master-slave node ratio, and test packet size of 512 bytes or 1024 bytes, the communication rate is not less than 1Mbps in the 2MHz-12MHz and 2.4MHz-5.6MHz basic frequency bands, not less than 500kbps in the 0.7MHz-3MHz basic frequency band, and not less than 300kbps in the 1.7MHz-3MHz basic frequency band. Under isolated power supply, shielded space environment, and with a service frame length of not less than 1k bytes, the average uplink and downlink latency of the carrier message sender and receiver for a test time of 20s is less than 30ms, and it is compatible with the latency of the smart energy meter communication port.

[0041] It should be noted that the working principle of this design is as follows: power consumption parameters are optimized for the low power consumption requirements of single-phase energy meters, communication rate is matched according to frequency band characteristics (high frequency band adapts to high-speed data transmission), latency control ensures real-time data interaction, and it is compatible with the communication port characteristics of the energy meter. The core advantages are low power consumption to reduce energy loss, high speed and low latency to meet the needs of rapid collection of electricity consumption information of single-phase meters, and compatibility to ensure seamless connection with existing energy meters.

[0042] In one embodiment, the HPLC communication device is adapted to a public transformer terminal. Under isolated and shielded conditions, when the packet loss rate is lower than a predetermined percentage and the in-band transmit power spectral density is a specified density, the anti-attenuation performance is not less than a first predetermined decibel value. It also supports time division multiple access and carrier sense multiple access channel mechanisms and has node management, route maintenance, whitelist filtering, multi-phase networking and multi-network management functions.

[0043] In applications, the HPLC communication device is adapted to the downlink module of the public transformer terminal; under isolated power supply, shielded environment, packet loss rate of less than 10%, and in-band transmit power spectral density of -45dBm / Hz, the anti-attenuation performance is not less than 85dB, and it supports TDMA and CSMA / CA channel access mechanisms, and has node management, automatic routing, whitelist management, multi-phase networking and multi-network management functions.

[0044] Specifically, the HPLC communication device is adapted to the downlink module of the public transformer terminal, with a static power consumption of ≤1W and a dynamic power consumption of ≤4W. Under the conditions of isolated power supply, shielded space environment, 1:1 master-slave node ratio, test packet size of not less than 1k bytes, 90% throughput, and 2 hours of test time, the uplink and downlink frame loss rate is less than 10-2. Under the conditions of isolated power supply, shielded environment, packet loss rate of less than 10% (service message packet length <100 bytes), and in-band transmit power spectral density of -45dBm / Hz, the anti-attenuation performance is not less than 85dB, and it supports TDMA and CSMA / CA channel access mechanisms, and has node management, automatic routing, whitelist management, multi-phase networking and multi-network management functions.

[0045] It should be noted that the working principle of this design is as follows: power consumption and frame drop rate are set according to the multi-node management requirements of the public transformer terminal (to ensure long-term high-load operation), anti-attenuation performance is adapted to complex transformer area lines, dual-channel access mechanism avoids node communication conflicts, and multiple management functions realize orderly operation and maintenance of the transformer area network. The core advantages are high stability to meet the downlink multi-device data transmission of the public transformer terminal, strong anti-attenuation capability to adapt to complex line environments, and comprehensive management functions to improve the controllability of the transformer area network.

[0046] In one embodiment, the HPLC communication device is adapted to a three-phase energy meter, supports data reading, broadcast time synchronization, slave node registration, event reporting, remote cost control and software upgrades, and can be extended to support transformer area identification, phase identification and balance event reporting.

[0047] In applications, the HPLC communication device is adapted to the communication module of three-phase energy meters; it supports meter reading, broadcast time synchronization, slave node registration, event reporting, remote fee control and online upgrades, and can be expanded to support transformer area identification, phase identification and insufficient balance event reporting.

[0048] Specifically, the HPLC communication device is adapted to a three-phase electricity meter communication module, with a static power consumption ≤0.8W and a dynamic power consumption ≤2.5W. It supports meter reading, broadcast time synchronization, slave node registration, event reporting, remote fee control, and online upgrades. It can be expanded to support transformer area identification, phase identification, and insufficient balance event reporting. In isolated power supply, shielded environment, no competition scenario, 1:1 master-slave node ratio, and test packet size of 512 bytes or 1024 bytes, the communication rate is not less than 1Mbps in the 2MHz-12MHz and 2.4MHz-5.6MHz basic frequency bands, not less than 500kbps in the 0.7MHz-3MHz basic frequency band, and not less than 300kbps in the 1.7MHz-3MHz basic frequency band. The information security protection complies with the requirements of Q / ND1100803-2020 "Technical Specification for Low-Voltage Power Line High-Speed ​​Carrier (HPLC) Communication Unit" 5.9.

[0049] It should be noted that the working principle of this design is as follows: balancing the functional requirements and power consumption of three-phase meters (slightly higher power consumption due to more functions than single-phase meters), basic functions meet the core needs of power management, extended functions adapt to the special monitoring needs of three-phase scenarios, and the speed and security protection meet industry standards. The core advantages are that the functions comprehensively cover the operation and maintenance needs of three-phase meters, the scalability improves the applicability of the modules, and the security protection ensures the safety of power data transmission.

[0050] In one embodiment, the HPLC communication device further integrates a wireless communication module to form an HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication device. The wireless communication module operates in the 470MHz-510MHz frequency band and supports orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation. The dual-mode communication device can achieve hardware interoperability, and the power line carrier anti-attenuation performance is not less than a second predetermined decibel value in isolation and shielding environments.

[0051] Through a multi-band switching + HPLC + HRF dual-mode communication design, it supports switching between four basic frequency bands (2MHz-12MHz, 0.7MHz-3MHz, etc., with 0.7MHz-3MHz as the default, adaptable to low-interference or high-bandwidth scenarios as needed), and integrates HRF wireless communication (470MHz-510MHz band, transmit power ≤50mw) as a backup. When the reliability of HPLC communication decreases due to power line attenuation >85dB or strong noise interference (such as in industrial environments), it can automatically switch to HRF communication, and the dual-mode unit supports dual routing backup (HPLC and HRF construct routes in parallel). This design completely solves the pain point of single HPLC communication being greatly affected by power line quality, ensuring the continuity of single-phase energy meter reading, multi-node management of public transformer terminals, and three-phase energy meter data transmission, meeting the reliability requirement of anti-attenuation performance ≥85dB.

[0052] In applications, the HPLC communication device also integrates an HRF communication module, forming an HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication device; the HRF communication module has a wireless frequency range of 470MHz-510MHz and supports OFDM modulation; the dual-mode communication device enables mutual plugging and unplugging, and the HPLC anti-attenuation performance is not less than 95dB when the power supply is isolated, the environment is shielded, and the in-band emission power spectral density is -45dBm / Hz.

[0053] Specifically, HRF wireless communication is added to the HPLC carrier communication to build a power line + wireless dual transmission channel. The two can automatically switch or be backed up according to the communication quality. The core advantage is to make up for the defects of a single communication method (HPLC is greatly affected by the line, while HRF is not limited by the line) and improve the communication reliability of complex transformer areas.

[0054] Based on the existing HPLC communication device (based on low-voltage power line carrier communication technology), an additional HRF (high-frequency wireless communication) module is integrated, enabling the unit to simultaneously possess two communication modes, forming a dual-mode communication architecture of power line carrier communication + wireless communication. The specific technical content and advantages are as follows: It should be noted that the working principle of this design is as follows: Utilizing the advantage of HPLC relying on power lines without additional wiring, combined with the characteristic of HRF wireless communication that is not affected by line attenuation, the advantages are complemented by dual-mode collaboration. The core advantage is that it breaks through the scenario limitations of a single communication method, can ensure data transmission in different transformer substation environments, and improves the redundancy of the communication system.

[0055] From a functional design perspective, HPLC (low-voltage power line high-speed carrier) relies on power lines to transmit data and is suitable for scenarios with stable power line networks and minimal interference. However, in situations where power line attenuation is severe (e.g., attenuation > 85dB) or noise interference is strong (e.g., in industrial environments), communication reliability may decrease. HRF modules, on the other hand, typically operate in licensed frequency bands such as 470MHz-510MHz and transmit data via wireless signals. They are unaffected by power line quality and can serve as a supplement and backup for HPLC communication.

[0056] It should be noted that the working principle of this design is as follows: the communication method is allocated according to the characteristics of the communication scenario (HPLC is used in scenarios with good power lines, and HRF is used in scenarios with poor lines). HRF serves as a backup to ensure communication in extreme scenarios. The core advantage is to achieve scenario-based communication adaptation, avoid communication interruption due to line problems, and improve the overall communication system's resilience.

[0057] The dual-mode communication device formed by the combination of the two features a joint working mechanism: automatic switching: the unit can monitor the HPLC communication quality (such as frame drop rate and signal strength) in real time. When the HPLC communication quality is lower than the threshold, it automatically switches to HRF wireless communication to ensure the continuity of data transmission. It should be noted that the working principle of this design is: by monitoring HPLC communication parameters (frame drop rate and signal strength reflect communication quality) in real time, a threshold is set to trigger the switching logic, so as to achieve seamless connection of communication modes. The core advantage is that it can cope with the decline in communication quality without manual intervention, ensure uninterrupted data transmission, and improve the intelligence and automation level of the module.

[0058] Routing backup: In the transformer substation network, the dual-mode unit can simultaneously construct communication routes through HPLC and HRF. When one route is interrupted, the other route automatically takes over, improving the redundancy of the transformer substation communication network.

[0059] It should be noted that the working principle of this design is as follows: dual communication routes are built in parallel, the route status is monitored in real time, and route switching is triggered when interruption occurs. The core advantage is that dual route backup reduces the risk of network paralysis and improves the stability and fault tolerance of the transformer area communication network.

[0060] Scenario adaptation: For areas with complex power lines (such as old residential areas and indoor spaces with many walls), HRF wireless communication is prioritized; in areas with good power line conditions, HPLC (lower power consumption and lower cost) is used by default, achieving complementary advantages.

[0061] It should be noted that the working principle of this design is as follows: communication priorities are preset according to the characteristics of regional power lines and environment (HRF is used for complex lines, and HPLC is used for good lines), taking into account both communication reliability and economy. The core advantage is that while ensuring communication quality, power consumption and cost are reduced, and resource allocation is optimized.

[0062] The HRF communication module has a wireless frequency range of 470MHz-510MHz, supports OFDM modulation, and supports BPSK, QPSK, and 16QAM subcarrier mapping. The HRF communication module has a transmission center frequency offset of ≤25ppm, a channel bandwidth that meets Option2<500kHz and Option3<200kHz, a transmission power of ≤50mw (17dBm), and a sensitivity better than -109dBm when the received packet error rate is ≤10% (Option2PSDUMCS0). The dual-mode communication device is compatible with the 2012 and 2022 versions of the Inner Mongolia Power (Group) Co., Ltd. electricity meter or terminal technical specifications, enabling mutual plugging and unplugging. The HPLC anti-attenuation performance is not less than 95dB under the conditions of isolated power supply, shielded environment, packet error rate of less than 10% (service message packet length <100 bytes), and in-band transmit power spectral density of -45dBm / Hz.

[0063] It should be noted that the working principle of this design is as follows: the HRF parameter settings conform to the wireless communication standard (frequency, modulation method, etc. ensure communication distance and anti-interference), the compatibility design adapts to different versions of equipment, the HPLC anti-attenuation optimization improves the reliability of dual-mode scenarios, the core advantages are that the HRF parameters ensure the quality of wireless communication, the compatibility enables seamless equipment replacement, and the high anti-attenuation performance ensures the stability of dual-mode communication.

[0064] This application also provides a control method based on the above-described HPLC communication device, wherein the HPLC communication device includes a concentrator carrier module (CCO) and a slave node carrier module (STA), as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the method includes the following steps S101~S105 for handling power outage events: Step S101: After the HPLC communication device is powered on and initialized, the power frequency zero-crossing signal and DC voltage are continuously monitored through the detection module; Step S102: When no zero-crossing signal is detected for several consecutive power frequency cycles, and the DC voltage is lower than the second predetermined threshold, and the communication device is not disconnected from the external interface, a power outage event is generated. Step S103: In response to a power outage event, switch to backup power supply and send a power outage message via broadcast. Introduce a random delay before sending and transmit periodically according to intervals and times. Step S104: After receiving the power outage message, the HPLC communication device that is not powered down will summarize and parse multiple power outage events within a preset countdown time period, and report them to the concentrator carrier module CCO via unicast. Step S105: When the power frequency zero-crossing signal is detected to be restored and the DC voltage rises back to the normal range, a power restoration event is generated, the main power supply is switched back and reported to the concentrator carrier module CCO. For three-phase communication devices, power restoration, power outage or phase loss events are distinguished according to the voltage status of each phase.

[0065] In application, the above-mentioned power outage proactive reporting control steps are as follows: S1: After the HPLC communication device is powered on and initialized, the detection module is started. The power frequency zero-crossing signal is detected in real time through the power frequency zero-crossing signal detection circuit, and the DC 12V voltage is detected in real time through the voltage detection circuit. At the same time, the pin detection is used to determine whether the module is plugged into the external device interface.

[0066] It should be noted that: after power-on, multi-dimensional detection (power grid status, module power supply, physical connection) is started simultaneously to provide basic data for subsequent power outage judgment. The core advantage is that multi-parameter parallel detection comprehensively captures the status of equipment and power grid, avoiding the omission of key judgment criteria.

[0067] S2: Set the power frequency cycle judgment threshold n=5 (n is the number of power frequency cycles in which no zero-crossing signal is detected consecutively). When no zero-crossing signal is detected for 5 consecutive power frequency cycles, and the voltage detection circuit detects that the 12V voltage drops to 9.5V, and at the same time determines that the module is not unplugged from the external device interface, a power outage event is generated; if the module is detected to be unplugged from the external device interface, it is determined to be a misplugging and no power outage event is generated.

[0068] It should be noted that the power outage is determined by a triple condition of missing zero-crossing signal + voltage drop + module not being plugged in (excluding instantaneous signal fluctuations and interference from incorrect plugging and unplugging). The threshold n=5 ensures the stability of the determination. The core advantage is that the multi-judgment logic greatly reduces the false alarm rate and improves the accuracy of power outage event identification.

[0069] S3: After a power outage event is generated, the HPLC communication device switches to supercapacitor power supply, and the control communication module sends the power outage event message using local broadcast. Before sending, a waiting time of 10ms-100ms is randomly generated to discretize the sending timing of nodes in the same collision domain. At the same time, the power outage event message is periodically sent according to the rule of sending at a 2-second interval and sending 10 times.

[0070] It should be noted that: switching supercapacitors to ensure power supply, broadcasting to expand event coverage, random waiting time to avoid node message conflicts, and periodic sending to improve message delivery probability are the core advantages of multiple measures to ensure successful transmission of power outage messages and reduce reporting omissions caused by channel conflicts or single transmission failures.

[0071] S4: After receiving the first power outage information message, the HPLC communication device that is not powered off starts a 30-second countdown. During the countdown, it continuously receives power outage information messages from other nodes, parses all received power outage information and takes the union of all received power outage information, and after the countdown ends, it reports the merged power outage information to the CCO (concentrator carrier module) via unicast.

[0072] It should be noted that: the non-power-outage node acts as a relay aggregation node, collecting power outage information from multiple nodes in a 30-second countdown, taking the union to avoid information duplication, and unicasting to ensure accurate delivery of information to the CCO. The core advantage is that by aggregating and reporting, the receiving pressure on the CCO is reduced, and the completeness and efficiency of power outage information reporting are improved.

[0073] S5: When the detection module detects the recovery of the power frequency zero-crossing signal and the 12V voltage rises back to the rated value range, a power restoration event is generated. The HPLC communication device switches back to external device power supply and reports the power restoration event to the CCO via unicast. If it is a three-phase HPLC communication device, the recovery of voltage in any phase is considered a power restoration, the absence of voltage in all three phases is considered a power outage, and the absence of voltage in one phase generates a phase loss event and reports it.

[0074] It should be noted that the three-phase unit uses both zero-crossing signal and voltage recovery to determine power restoration. It also distinguishes between power restoration, power outage and phase loss based on the voltage status of each phase and broadcasts power restoration information. The core advantages are accurate power restoration determination, comprehensive recognition of special events in three-phase scenarios, and meeting the event reporting needs of different modules.

[0075] The HPLC communication device uses a main control chip as its core control hub to realize the logical scheduling and data processing of each module. In the power supply module, the DC power supply module (input 11V-36V, allowable ±20% deviation) directly provides a stable operating power supply to the main control chip. The supercapacitor module (≥10F / 2.7V) is connected to the main control chip through a power switching circuit. When the main control chip detects that the carrier module voltage is lower than 12V, it triggers a switching command to allow the supercapacitor to supply power to the communication module independently (while simultaneously cutting off the charging circuit to prevent reverse power supply to external meters / terminals). The communication module includes an HPLC carrier communication submodule, an HRF wireless communication submodule, and a protocol processing submodule. All three communicate bidirectionally with the main control chip through a data bus. The HPLC carrier communication submodule receives frequency band switching commands (supporting 4 frequency bands from 2MHz to 12MHz) issued by the main control chip and feeds back the communication status. The HRF wireless communication submodule transmits and receives wireless signals according to the modulation commands (OFDM / BPSK, etc.) of the main control chip. The protocol processing submodule... The output raw data is encapsulated in a multi-version message format (such as DL / T645 series), and the received external data is parsed and transmitted to the main control chip. In the detection module, the power frequency zero-crossing signal detection circuit is connected to the AD sampling pin of the main control chip through an analog signal interface, and outputs the zero-crossing signal detection result in real time. The voltage detection circuit (monitoring 12V voltage) converts the voltage data into a digital signal and transmits it to the main control chip. The module insertion and removal detection circuit is connected to the main control chip through GPIO pins and outputs high and low level signals to indicate the module insertion and removal status. The storage module is bidirectionally connected to the main control chip through the SPI communication interface. The main control chip can write the station area feature information, zero-crossing NTB data and event reporting records, and can also read the stored data for functions such as phase recognition and station area recognition. In addition, in the dual-mode unit integrating the HRF module, the HRF communication submodule and the HPLC carrier communication submodule share the protocol processing capability of the main control chip. The communication status data of both are fed back to the main control chip, and the main control chip realizes the collaborative scheduling and routing backup of dual-mode communication.

[0076] It should be noted that the working principle of this part is as follows: with the main control chip as the central hub, data interaction and command issuance of each module are realized through various interfaces and buses. Power supply switching, communication scheduling, detection data processing, and storage read and write are all controlled by the chip. The dual-mode unit realizes communication and collaboration through the chip. The core advantage is the combination of modular design and centralized control, which improves the integration and controllability of modules and ensures the orderly linkage and efficient operation of each function.

[0077] This application embodiment configures a ≥10F / 2.7V supercapacitor in the power supply module as a dedicated backup power source for the communication module, and simultaneously disconnects the charging circuit during power supply switching (to prevent reverse power supply to external meters / terminals); the detection module determines a power outage based on three conditions: no zero-crossing signal for five consecutive power frequency cycles, a 12V voltage drop to 9.5V, and the module not being plugged in or out, eliminating interference from accidental plugging and unplugging (reporting accuracy ≥90%); after a power outage, the supercapacitor can maintain communication for ≥30 seconds, supporting 10 broadcasts of power outage messages at 2-second intervals, and nodes that have not experienced a power outage will also summarize all power outage information within 30 seconds and unicast a report to the CCO. This function accurately solves the problem that traditional systems cannot monitor equipment power outages in real time and rely on user reports for repairs, realizing proactive reporting of power outage and restoration events (reporting time ≤5 minutes), providing real-time fault data for the operation and maintenance of public transformer terminal areas, and meeting the design goals of the "Product Design Scheme" to improve power supply reliability and customer service guarantee capabilities.

[0078] In one embodiment, the following steps for phase identification are included: The concentrator carrier module (CCO) issues a zero-crossing data acquisition command, which includes the acquisition feature type, acquisition frequency, acquisition cycle start time, and number of acquisition points. After receiving the zero-crossing data acquisition command from the node carrier module STA, the system acquires and stores a predetermined number of power frequency cycle zero-crossing data. The zero-crossing data is encapsulated by the node carrier module (STA) and reported to the concentrator carrier module (CCO). The concentrator carrier module (CCO) compares the local zero-crossing data, calculates the phase difference to identify the phase of the slave node, and determines the wiring status. For three-phase slave nodes, the reverse phase sequence or phase loss status is verified by both the zero-crossing signal timing and the energy meter information. The concentrator carrier module (CCO) encapsulates the identification results into a report and sends it to the main station via the concentrator.

[0079] In application, the specific steps of the above-mentioned phase topology identification and control steps are as follows: T1: CCO issues a zero-crossing NTB acquisition instruction message in accordance with the application layer protocol specified in Q / ND1100803-2020 "Technical Specification for Low Voltage Power Line High-Speed ​​Carrier (HPLC) Communication Unit". The message includes the acquisition feature type (power frequency cycle feature), acquisition frequency (1 time / second), acquisition cycle start time (current time), and number of acquisition points (10).

[0080] It should be noted that: As a control node, the CCO issues acquisition commands according to standard protocols, clearly defining acquisition parameters (type, frequency, etc.) to ensure that the STA acquisition data is uniform and standardized. The core advantage is that the standardization of commands ensures compatibility between different modules, and the clear parameters make the acquisition data comparable, laying the foundation for subsequent phase calculation.

[0081] T2: After receiving the zero-crossing NTB acquisition instruction message, the STA acquires zero-crossing NTB data for 10 power frequency cycles (including the zero-crossing time and rising / falling edge identifier) ​​through the power frequency zero-crossing signal detection circuit according to the message configuration parameters, and stores the acquired data in the storage module.

[0082] It should be noted that: STA accurately collects zero-crossing data according to CCO instructions (10 cycles to ensure data representativeness, and edge markers to reflect phase timing), and stores the data for easy subsequent encapsulation and reporting. The core advantage is that the acquisition parameters are consistent with the CCO instructions, ensuring data validity, and the storage function prevents data loss.

[0083] T3: After the STA completes data acquisition, it encapsulates the stored zero-crossing NTB data into a message according to the zero-crossing NTB notification message format in the HPLC protocol and reports it to the CCO through the communication module.

[0084] It should be noted that: STA encapsulates data according to standard protocols (ensuring that CCO can parse it) and transmits the data through the communication module. The core advantage is that the standardized data encapsulation ensures communication compatibility, and the reporting process ensures that CCO obtains data from each STA in a timely manner.

[0085] T4: After receiving the zero-crossing NTB data reported by all STAs, the CCO extracts its own locally collected zero-crossing NTB data, calculates the phase difference between the STA and the local zero-crossing NTB data, identifies the STA's phase (A phase / B phase / C phase) based on the phase difference, and simultaneously determines the STA's live and neutral wire connection status, marking STAs with reversed live and neutral wire connections. For three-phase STAs, a dual determination method is adopted: first, by detecting the presence and timing relationship of the zero-crossing signals of the three phases, the reverse phase sequence and phase loss status are determined; second, the phase sequence and phase loss status information of the external three-phase energy meter are read. If the two determination results are consistent, the phase status is confirmed; if they are inconsistent, the energy meter information is used, and three-phase zero-crossing NTB data is fitted and generated to respond to the CCO's subsequent queries.

[0086] It should be noted that: CCO uses its own zero-crossing data as a benchmark and identifies the STA phase by calculating the phase difference (the phase difference reflects the phase assignment). The reverse connection marking of the live and neutral wires facilitates operation and maintenance correction; the three-phase STA dual judgment (zero-crossing signal + meter information) improves accuracy. When there is inconsistency, the meter is used as the standard to ensure reliable results. The core advantages are that the benchmark is unified so that the phase identification is accurate, the dual judgment mechanism reduces the misjudgment rate in three-phase scenarios, and the marking function facilitates subsequent operation and maintenance.

[0087] T5: The CCO encapsulates the phase identification results of all STAs into a reporting message according to the Q / GDW1376.2 protocol format and sends it to the concentrator; after receiving it, the concentrator reports the phase identification results to the master station according to the Q / GDW1376.1 protocol format.

[0088] It should be noted that: CCO encapsulates the results according to the protocol and uploads them to the concentrator. The concentrator converts the protocol format and reports it to the master station (adapting to different levels of communication standards). The core advantage is that the protocol conversion ensures data transmission between different device levels, and finally reports it to the master station to provide data support for the phase balance adjustment of the distribution area.

[0089] This application embodiment utilizes a phase topology identification function. The CCO issues a zero-crossing NTB acquisition command (including 10 periodic acquisition points), and the STA collects the zero-crossing time and edge marker data and reports it. The CCO uses the local zero-crossing data as a reference to calculate the phase difference to identify the A / B / C phase to which the STA belongs, and simultaneously determines the reverse connection of the live and neutral wires. The three-phase module additionally uses zero-crossing signal timing detection + energy meter phase sequence reading for dual determination of reverse phase sequence / phase loss (if the results are inconsistent, the energy meter reading prevails). The final result is reported to the main station via the concentrator. This design solves the pain points of excessive line loss and unbalanced three-phase load caused by phase chaos in low-voltage distribution areas, providing accurate data support for phase-by-phase line loss management (line loss qualification rate ≥90%) and three-phase balance adjustment in distribution areas, meeting the functional requirements of supporting phase identification and improving the efficiency of power distribution network supply.

[0090] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, it also includes the following steps S301~307 for station area identification: Step S301: The main station filters target distribution areas based on the acquisition success rate and line loss rate, and sends a distribution area identification start command to the concentrator; Step S302: The concentrator forwards the area identification enable command to the concentrator carrier module CCO, so that the concentrator carrier module CCO enables whitelist filtering and sends an area feature collection start message. Step S303: The STA (Slave Node Carrier Module) collects and stores local feature data according to the configuration of the area feature acquisition start message; Step S304: After the concentrator carrier module CCO completes the acquisition, it broadcasts its own characteristic data to all slave node carrier modules STA. Step S305: Calculate the similarity between the node carrier module STA and the concentrator carrier module CCO data, and determine the station area affiliation based on a predetermined similarity threshold; Step S306: The concentrator carrier module CCO polls and reads the judgment result, encapsulates it, and sends it to the main station through the concentrator; Step S307: After the master station corrects the STA file with the incorrect affiliation, it issues a station identification stop command to the concentrator carrier module CCO.

[0091] In application, the above-mentioned automatic identification and control steps for transformer areas adopt a distributed identification process, as detailed below: U1: The main station analyzes the data acquisition success rate (below 95%) and line loss qualification rate (below 90%) of each distribution area, filters out distribution areas with chaotic file information management, and sends a distribution area identification start command to the concentrators of the target distribution area and adjacent distribution areas.

[0092] It should be noted that the main station judges the degree of disorder in the data files of the transformer area by using key indicators (success rate of data collection and line loss qualification rate), and initiates identification in a targeted manner (avoiding the waste of resources by starting a full system). It also issues commands to adjacent transformer areas to ensure identification accuracy (preventing misjudgment of transformer area boundary nodes). The core advantage is that precise screening reduces invalid identification, and the linkage between adjacent transformer areas improves the identification range and accuracy.

[0093] U2: After receiving the start command, the concentrator forwards the area identification enable command to the local CCO. The CCO enables the whitelist filtering function and sends an area feature collection start message. The message includes the collection feature (default power frequency cycle feature), collection period (1 hour), and collection mode (continuous collection). The CCO uses a dual-edge collection mode of rising edge + falling edge to collect the power frequency cycle feature.

[0094] It should be noted that: the concentrator forwards commands to enable linkage between the main station and the CCO, whitelist filtering prevents interference from illegal nodes, the CCO specifies the collection parameters (the default power frequency cycle feature has strong universality, and the 1-hour cycle takes into account both data representativeness and collection volume), and dual-edge collection is compatible with different STA collection methods. The core advantages are that the command hierarchy ensures the orderly process, the whitelist improves security, and dual-edge collection improves compatibility.

[0095] U3: After receiving the area feature collection start message, the STA collects local power frequency periodic feature data according to the collection cycle and method configured in the message, stores one set of data per hour, and collects continuously for 24 hours.

[0096] It should be noted that: STA collects data continuously for a long time according to CCO instructions (covering different power consumption scenarios 24 hours a day, with one set of data per hour to balance the amount of data and timeliness), and stores the data to provide a basis for subsequent comparison. The core advantage is that long-term collection ensures comprehensive feature data, and the storage function ensures that the data is not lost, providing sufficient samples for similarity calculation.

[0097] U4: After the CCO completes its 24-hour power frequency cycle characteristic data collection, it broadcasts its characteristic data to all STAs through the area characteristic information notification message.

[0098] It should be noted that: CCO uses its own characteristic data as the benchmark for the station area, and the broadcast method ensures that all STAs can obtain it. The core advantage is that the benchmark data is unified, the broadcast improves the data transmission efficiency, and provides a basis for local comparison of STAs.

[0099] U5: After receiving the feature data of the CCO, the STA compares it with its own stored 24-hour power frequency cycle feature data and calculates the similarity (the similarity threshold is set to 90%). If the similarity is ≥90%, it is determined that the station belongs to the current CCO's area; if the similarity is <90%, it is determined that the area belongs to the wrong station, an error record is generated but the station does not actively leave the network, and the station continues to report the area identification result on the current network.

[0100] It should be noted that: STA performs similarity calculation locally (balancing accuracy and fault tolerance with a 90% threshold), determines the station's affiliation based on similarity, and does not actively disconnect from the network to avoid affecting current communication. The core advantages are that distributed computing reduces the pressure on CCO, threshold setting ensures the reliability of the determination, and not actively disconnecting from the network ensures that existing services are not interrupted.

[0101] U6: The CCO issues a query command for the area judgment result once a day, polls and reads the area identification results of all STAs, encapsulates the results into a reporting message, and reports it to the concentrator via the Q / GDW1376.2 protocol; the concentrator summarizes the results and reports them to the master station via the Q / GDW1376.1 protocol.

[0102] It should be noted that: CCO polls to obtain STA results (once a day to balance timeliness and resource consumption), encapsulates them according to the protocol and reports them to the concentrator, and the concentrator summarizes them and reports them to the main station. The core advantages are that polling ensures that the results are fully obtained, protocol conversion ensures cross-level transmission, and the summary report provides complete data for subsequent file correction.

[0103] U7: After receiving the station identification results, the master station corrects the STA files with incorrect attribution, deletes the erroneous records in the original concentrator files, and adds records in the concentrator files of the correct stations. After the correction is completed, a station identification stop command is issued to the relevant concentrators, which forward the command to the CCO, and the CCO stops the station identification process.

[0104] It should be noted that the main station corrects the records based on the identification results (to ensure the accuracy of the household change relationship). After correction, identification is stopped to avoid wasting resources. The core advantage is that record correction improves the accuracy of substation management, stopping the process optimizes resources, and ensures a closed loop for the identification function.

[0105] In one embodiment, the following steps for centralized identification are also included: When the success rate of distributed identification is lower than the predetermined success rate threshold, switch to centralized identification mode and send out a feature collection start message for the station area; The STA (Stationary Node Carrier Module) collects and stores feature data based on the configuration of the area feature acquisition initiation message; The concentrator carrier module (CCO) periodically polls and collects feature data acquired from the node carrier modules (STA). The concentrator calculates the similarity between the feature data collected by the STA and its own feature data to determine the affiliation of the station area; The Concentrator Carrier Module (CCO) reports the centralized identification results to the main station and switches back to distributed mode after the main station corrects the file.

[0106] In application, the above centralized identification process serves as a backup mode, and the specific steps are as follows: V1: When the success rate of the distributed identification process is less than 80% for three consecutive days, the CCO automatically switches to the centralized identification mode and issues a feature collection start message for the distribution area. The collection content includes power frequency voltage characteristics (collection accuracy ±0.5V), power frequency characteristics (collection accuracy ±0.01Hz), power frequency cycle characteristics, and signal-to-noise ratio characteristics (collection range 0dB-100dB). The collection period is set to 2 hours, and the collection method is continuous collection.

[0107] It should be noted that: the success rate of distributed recognition is used as the switching threshold (80% ensures that the backup mode is only activated when necessary). In the centralized mode, the CCO increases the types of features collected (multiple features improve recognition accuracy), and the collection parameters are set to ensure data validity. The core advantage is that the backup mode ensures the feasibility of recognition in extreme scenarios, multi-feature collection improves recognition accuracy, and the parameter settings balance the amount of data and accuracy.

[0108] V2: The STA collects and stores four types of feature data for two hours according to the message configuration parameters, and waits for the CCO's query command after the collection is completed.

[0109] It should be noted that: STA collects multi-type feature data according to CCO instructions (ensuring data representativeness within 2 hours), stores the data and waits for query. The core advantage is that multi-feature collection provides a foundation for subsequent multi-dimensional similarity calculation, and the wait-for-query mode is combined with centralized management by CCO.

[0110] V3: The CCO sends out area feature information collection messages every 10 minutes, polls and reads the feature data of all STAs, and the STAs report the data through the area feature information messages.

[0111] It should be noted that: the CCO actively polls to obtain STA data (once every 10 minutes to ensure timely data acquisition), and the STA provides feedback data to realize information exchange. The core advantage is that centralized polling facilitates unified data management by the CCO, and timely acquisition ensures the efficient progress of the identification process.

[0112] V4: After receiving the feature data of all STAs, the CCO calculates the similarity between the STA and its own feature data (each feature has the same weight, and the total similarity = (voltage similarity + frequency similarity + period similarity + signal-to-noise ratio similarity) / 4), sets the similarity threshold to 90%, and determines the STA's station affiliation based on the similarity.

[0113] It should be noted that: CCO uses its own data as a benchmark, calculates the total similarity using a multi-feature weighted average (with equal weights to ensure fairness), and a 90% threshold to ensure reliable judgment. The core advantage is that the comprehensive calculation of multiple features improves the accuracy of similarity, avoids misjudgment based on a single feature, and the centralized calculation facilitates unified decision-making by CCO.

[0114] V5: The CCO reports the centralized recognition results to the main station in accordance with the method of U6 in claim 8. The main station completes the file correction according to the process of U7. After the correction, the CCO switches back to the distributed recognition mode.

[0115] It should be noted that: centralized results follow the distributed reporting and file correction process (to ensure process consistency), and after correction, the system switches back to distributed mode (distributed mode saves more resources). The core advantage is that process reuse ensures compatibility, and mode switching optimizes resources to ensure efficient operation under normal circumstances.

[0116] Based on any of the above technical solutions, the following further optimization is made: the communication module of the HPLC communication device supports DL / T645-1997, DL / T645-2007 and DL / T698.45-2017 message formats. When the STA is working normally, it receives the meter reading message issued by the CCO and forwards it to the external meter. After receiving the feedback data from the external meter, it transmits it back to the CCO through the HPLC communication link. When the STA is powered on and initialized, it first reads the external meter address at a communication rate of 2400bps. The timeout period is 2 seconds. If there is no response after the timeout, it switches to 4800bps, 9600bps and 19200bps rates to reread until the reading is successful or all rates are traversed.

[0117] It should be noted that the working principle of this design is as follows: the communication module supports multiple versions of protocols to ensure compatibility with different electricity meters; the STA acts as a relay to forward meter reading messages and feedback data; the power-on rate adaptively reads the electricity meter address (starting from a low rate to take into account compatibility); the core advantage is that multi-protocol support improves the device's adaptability; the relay function enables data interaction between the CCO and the electricity meter; and the adaptive rate ensures successful reading of the electricity meter address, guaranteeing subsequent communication.

[0118] This application embodiment supports automatic transformer substation identification (with distributed and centralized systems as backups by default): The main station filters substations with chaotic files based on a data acquisition success rate of <95% and a line loss qualification rate of <90%. The CCO acquires 24-hour power frequency cycle features using a dual-edge acquisition method, and the STA compares the feature similarity locally (threshold 90%) to determine the substation affiliation. When the distributed identification success rate is <80%, it automatically switches to centralized system (acquiring multiple features such as voltage, frequency, and signal-to-noise ratio), and finally, the main station corrects erroneous files. This function solves the problems of numerous nodes in medium and low voltage substations, large errors in manually drawn topologies, and inaccurate line loss calculations due to chaotic customer-transformer relationships. It achieves automatic correction of substation files without the need for manual on-site verification, which conforms to the design strategy of the "Product Design Scheme" to reduce manpower consumption and improve substation management efficiency.

[0119] In one embodiment, the HPLC communication device supports multiple message formats; When the slave node carrier module STA is working normally, it forwards meter reading messages and transmits meter data back; When the node carrier module STA is initialized, it attempts to read the meter address at multiple rates until it succeeds or iterates through all rates.

[0120] In application, the communication module of the HPLC communication device supports multiple message formats; when the STA is working normally, it forwards the CCO meter reading message to the external meter and sends back the meter feedback data; when the STA is powered on and initialized, it first reads the meter address at a rate of 2400bps. If there is no response after 2 seconds, it switches to 4800bps, 9600bps, and 19200bps rates to reread until it succeeds or all rates are traversed.

[0121] This application's embodiments exhibit high hardware and protocol compatibility: the communication module supports DL / T645-1997 / 2007 and DL / T698.45-2017 message formats, automatically adapting to different meters at a rate of 2400bps→19200bps upon STA power-on; the dual-mode module is compatible with Inner Mongolia Power's 2012 / 2022 versions of electricity meters / terminals, enabling mutual plugging and unplugging; in terms of power consumption, the single-phase module has a static power consumption of ≤0.4W and a dynamic power consumption of ≤1.5W, while the public transformer terminal module has a static power consumption of ≤1W and a dynamic power consumption of ≤4W, all meeting low-power operation requirements. This design solves the problems of incompatibility between new and old equipment and increased grid load due to high module power consumption, reducing both the replacement cost of existing equipment and the long-term power consumption of the module. Furthermore, the design with a mean time between failures (MTBF) of ≥10 years and a 3-year warranty period further reduces subsequent maintenance costs, meeting the technical indicators of high reliability and low life-cycle cost.

[0122] The working process of the HPLC communication device provided in the above embodiments is as follows: I. Power-on initialization phase: After the HPLC communication device is connected to an external meter or terminal device, it first enters the power-on initialization process: the main control chip starts up and completes self-test, and then triggers the initialization of each module. In the power supply module, the DC power supply module (input 11V-36V, allowable ±20% deviation) provides initial working power to the main control chip, communication module and other core components. At the same time, the supercapacitor module (≥10F / 2.7V) enters the charging state until it reaches the rated voltage. After the communication module is initialized, it switches to the 0.7MHz-3MHz working frequency band by default. The protocol processing submodule loads the logic to support multiple version message formats (such as DL / T645 series, DL / T698.45-2017). The detection module starts the power frequency zero-crossing signal detection circuit, 12V voltage detection circuit and module insertion and removal detection circuit, and begins to collect status data in real time. The storage module completes the partition initialization and reserves storage space for station characteristic information, zero-crossing NTB data and event reporting records. If it is a STA (slave carrier module), it will automatically attempt to read the external meter address at a rate of 2400bps. If there is no response after 2 seconds, it will switch to 4800bps, 9600bps, and 19200bps rates to retry until the read is successful or all rates are traversed to complete the communication adaptation with the meter.

[0123] It should be noted that the working principle of this stage is as follows: after power-on, the chip self-test → module initialization → parameter configuration → communication adaptation process is started. The initialization of each module ensures that the functions are ready (power supply, communication, detection, and storage are all in an available state). STA rate adaptive adaptation adapts to the electricity meter. The core advantages are that the standardized process ensures stable startup, the module initialization ensures that the subsequent functions are normal, and the rate adaptation achieves compatibility with different electricity meters, laying the foundation for daily operation.

[0124] II. Routine Communication and Data Transmission Phase: After initialization, the unit enters the daily operation mode and performs data transmission and equipment management according to the application scenario (single-phase / three-phase energy meter communication, public transformer terminal downlink): 1. Data Acquisition and Forwarding: After receiving meter reading and time synchronization instructions from the CCO (Concentrator Carrier Module), the STA parses the instruction format through the protocol processing submodule and forwards it to the external meter. The data fed back by the meter is received and encapsulated by the STA, and then transmitted back to the CCO by the communication module (HPLC carrier or HRF wireless, dual-mode unit can switch as needed). The HPLC communication is performed according to the preset frequency band (can be manually or automatically switched to 2MHz-12MHz, 2.4MHz-5.6MHz, etc.), and the transmission power spectral density is controlled within the band ≤-45dBm / Hz and outside the band ≤-75dBm / Hz to ensure communication compliance and anti-interference capability.

[0125] It should be noted that the working principle of this process is as follows: the STA acts as a data relay, parses the CCO command and forwards it to the meter, encapsulates the feedback data and sends it back. The communication method and frequency band can be selected as needed (to adapt to the scenario). The power spectrum control complies with the standard. The core advantage is that the relay function enables indirect communication between the CCO and the meter. Communication adaptation improves the reliability of data transmission, and compliance avoids interference with other devices.

[0126] 2. Network Management and Adaptation: The downlink module of the public transformer terminal manages node communication through TDMA and CSMA / CA channel access mechanisms, maintains the node list and updates routing information in real time, and triggers the node registration process and adds it to the whitelist when a new node is detected. The dual-mode unit (HPLC+HRF) can automatically switch the communication mode according to the line attenuation. When the HPLC anti-attenuation performance is insufficient (e.g., attenuation > 85dB), it switches to HRF wireless communication (470MHz-510MHz band, transmit power ≤ 50mw) to achieve dual routing backup and ensure communication continuity.

[0127] It should be noted that the working principle of this process is as follows: the public transformer terminal module avoids node conflicts through the channel mechanism, node management ensures network order, and the whitelist improves security; the dual-mode unit monitors line attenuation in real time, triggering communication switching and route backup. The core advantages are that network management ensures efficient communication among multiple nodes, dual-mode switching improves communication reliability in complex scenarios, and route backup reduces the risk of interruption.

[0128] III. Core Function Execution Phase: (a) Power outage reporting function: 1. Power outage determination: The detection module monitors the power frequency zero-crossing signal, 12V voltage, and module insertion / removal status in real time. When no zero-crossing signal is detected for 5 consecutive power frequency cycles, the 12V voltage drops to 9.5V, and the module is determined to be not removed, the main control chip determines that there is a power outage, generates a power outage event, and stores it in the event log area; if the module is detected to be removed, it is determined to be an incorrect insertion / removal and no reporting is triggered.

[0129] It should be noted that: power outages are determined by a combination of three parameters (excluding interference factors), and event storage facilitates traceability. The core advantages are that multi-parameter determination improves accuracy, eliminates incorrect plugging and unplugging to avoid invalid reporting, and ensures reliable identification of power outage events.

[0130] 2. Power supply switching and message transmission: After a power outage, the main control chip immediately cuts off the supercapacitor charging circuit and switches to the supercapacitor supplying power to the communication module alone (to avoid reverse power supply). At the same time, it randomly generates a waiting time of 10ms-100ms (the timing for sending discrete collision domains) and broadcasts a power outage message at 2-second intervals for a total of 10 times.

[0131] It should be noted that: power switching ensures the communication module's battery life, cutting off the charging circuit and reverse power supply protection avoid equipment problems, and random waiting and periodic sending improve the success rate of message transmission. The core advantage is that the battery life guarantee ensures the reporting function is realized, and multiple measures improve the probability of message delivery and avoid missing power outage information.

[0132] 3. Data Merging and Power Restoration Processing: After receiving the first power outage message, the STA that has not experienced a power outage starts a 30-second countdown. During this period, it continuously receives power outage information from other nodes, deduplicates and takes the union of the data. After the countdown ends, it unicasts the information to the CCO. When the power frequency zero-crossing signal is detected to be restored and the 12V voltage rises back to the rated range, a power restoration event is generated, the external equipment power supply is switched back, and the information is unicasted to the CCO. If the voltage of a phase in a three-phase unit is missing, a phase loss event will also be generated separately and reported.

[0133] It should be noted that: the summary information of STA without power outage reduces the pressure on CCO, deduplication and union ensure information integrity, the power restoration judgment and power outage judgment logic correspond, and the three-phase unit additionally identifies phase loss. The core advantages are that the summary and reporting improves efficiency, the power restoration reporting realizes the event closed loop, and the phase loss identification improves the three-phase scenario function.

[0134] (ii) Phase topology recognition function: 1. Data Acquisition: The CCO sends a zero-crossing NTB acquisition instruction message (including acquisition type, frequency, period, and number of points). After receiving the message, the STA acquires zero-crossing data for 10 cycles (including zero-crossing time and edge identifier) ​​through the power frequency zero-crossing detection circuit, stores it in the zero-crossing NTB data area, encapsulates it, and reports it to the CCO.

[0135] It should be noted that: CCO commands use a unified acquisition standard, and STAs collect, store, and report data according to the commands. The core advantage is that standardized acquisition ensures data comparability, and storage and reporting ensure that data is effectively transmitted to CCO, providing a foundation for phase calculation.

[0136] 2. Phase Identification and Verification: The CCO compares the data reported by the STA with the local zero-crossing data, calculates the phase difference to identify the phase (A / B / C phase) to which the STA belongs, and at the same time determines the connection status of the live and neutral wires; the three-phase STA additionally determines the reverse phase sequence / phase failure through zero-crossing signal timing detection and reading the phase sequence information of the energy meter. If the results are inconsistent, the energy meter information shall prevail, and the three-phase zero-crossing data is fitted to respond to the CCO query.

[0137] It should be noted that: the phase difference is calculated based on CCO data (to determine phase assignment), the marking of live and neutral wires facilitates operation and maintenance, and the three-phase dual judgment improves accuracy. The core advantages are that the unified benchmark ensures reliable identification, the dual judgment mechanism reduces the misjudgment rate in three-phase scenarios, and the fitted data ensures the response to subsequent queries.

[0138] 3. Result Reporting: The CCO summarizes the phase identification results of all STAs, encapsulates them, and sends them to the concentrator, which then forwards them to the main station to provide data support for the phase balance adjustment of the distribution area.

[0139] It should be noted that: CCO summarizes the results and reports them according to the protocol, and the concentrator forwards the results adapted to the master station protocol. The core advantage is that the protocol adaptation ensures cross-level transmission, and the result reporting provides data basis for power grid phase adjustment, thereby improving the efficiency of distribution network operation.

[0140] (III) Automatic identification function for transformer areas: 1. Distributed recognition (default mode): 1.1. Transformer Area Screening and Activation: The main station analyzes the data acquisition success rate (<95%) and line loss qualification rate (<90%) of each transformer area, screens out transformer areas with disordered files, and sends activation commands to the target and adjacent transformer area concentrators. The concentrators forward the commands to the CCO.

[0141] It should be noted that the main station accurately filters out the transformer areas to be identified through key indicators (to avoid wasting resources), and the linkage between adjacent transformer areas ensures accurate identification of boundary nodes. The core advantage is that accurate filtering improves identification efficiency, and the linkage between adjacent transformer areas expands the identification range and ensures comprehensive results.

[0142] 1.2. Feature Acquisition and Comparison: The CCO enables whitelist filtering and collects its own 24-hour power frequency cycle features (1 set per hour) using a dual-edge acquisition method, while simultaneously sending acquisition commands to the STA; after the STA completes 24-hour data acquisition, it receives the feature data broadcast by the CCO, compares and calculates the similarity, and if ≥90%, it is determined to belong to the current station area, and if <90%, it is determined to belong to the wrong station area (it will not actively leave the network).

[0143] It should be noted that: CCO dual-edge acquisition is compatible with different STAs, 24-hour acquisition ensures comprehensive features, local comparison of STAs reduces the pressure on CCO, and it does not actively disconnect from the network to protect existing services. Its core advantages are improved compatibility and recognition adaptability, long-term acquisition ensures accurate features, and distributed computing improves efficiency.

[0144] 1.3. Result Reporting and File Correction: The CCO polls and reads the STA recognition results once a day and reports them to the main station. The main station deletes erroneous files, adds correct records, and issues a stop command after completion. The CCO then terminates the recognition process.

[0145] It should be noted that: CCO polls to obtain results and reports them, the main station corrects the files to ensure the accuracy of the account change relationship, and the stop command avoids resource waste. The core advantages are that polling ensures comprehensive results, file correction improves the accuracy of substation management, and the closed-loop process achieves resource optimization.

[0146] Centralized identification (backup mode): When the success rate of distributed identification is less than 80% for three consecutive days, the CCO automatically switches to centralized mode: it issues a collection command to collect power frequency voltage (accuracy ±0.5V), frequency (accuracy ±0.01Hz), period, and signal-to-noise ratio (0dB-100dB) features. The STA collects data for 2 hours and then waits for query. The CCO polls and reads data every 10 minutes, calculates the total similarity (average of voltage + frequency + period + signal-to-noise ratio similarity), determines the station affiliation based on ≥90%, reports to the main station to complete the file correction, and then switches back to distributed mode.

[0147] It should be noted that the working principle of this mode is as follows: the success rate of the distributed model is used as the switching condition (to ensure that it is started when necessary), multiple features are collected to improve recognition accuracy, the similarity is calculated centrally by CCO, and after correction, it switches back to distributed mode (to save resources). The core advantages are that the backup mode ensures the feasibility of recognition in extreme scenarios, multiple features improve accuracy, and mode switching achieves resource optimization.

[0148] IV. Anomaly Handling and Maintenance Phase: During unit operation, if a communication frame loss rate > 10⁻² is detected (e.g., downlink packet loss exceeds the standard in a three-phase unit), the main control chip will automatically switch the operating frequency band or trigger route reselection. When remote upgrade is required, the upgrade firmware is received through the CCO, stored in the temporary storage area, and the upgrade is completed. The electronic tag module responds to external reading commands in real time, providing metering and traceability information such as unit model and production date. At the same time, the unit is designed according to the standard of mean time between failures (MTBF) ≥ 10 years, and ensures long-term stable operation through hardware redundancy and software fault tolerance mechanisms.

[0149] It should be noted that the working principle of this stage is as follows: real-time monitoring of communication quality, automatic optimization (frequency band switching / route reselection) when packet loss exceeds the standard, remote upgrade to achieve function iteration, electronic tags for easy traceability, and hardware and software design to improve reliability. The core advantages are automatic optimization to ensure communication stability, remote upgrade to reduce operation and maintenance costs, traceability function to facilitate equipment management, and high reliability design to extend equipment life.

[0150] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0151] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0152] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An HPLC communication device, characterized in that, It includes a main control module, a power supply module, a communication module, a storage module, and a detection module; The power supply module includes a main power supply and a backup power supply. The backup power supply includes a supercapacitor and is configured to provide backup power to the communication module when the main power supply fails to supply power, and to disconnect the charging circuit of the backup power supply during power supply. The communication module integrates a carrier communication submodule, which is normally powered by an external device and switches to be powered by the backup power supply when the external power supply voltage is lower than a first predetermined threshold. The communication module is configured to perform power line carrier communication between at least two predefined frequency bands and supports frequency band switching; The detection module is configured to detect power frequency signals and DC voltage signals; The storage module is configured to store area feature data, zero-crossing timestamp data, and event records.

2. The HPLC communication device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The HPLC communication device is adapted to single-phase energy meters. Under isolated and shielded environments, when the service frame length is not less than a predetermined number of bytes, the average delay of carrier message transmission is less than a predetermined value, and it is compatible with the communication interface of smart energy meters.

3. The HPLC communication device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The HPLC communication device is adapted to a public transformer terminal. Under isolated and shielded environments, when the packet loss rate is lower than a predetermined percentage and the in-band transmit power spectral density is a specified density, the anti-attenuation performance is not less than a first predetermined decibel value. It also supports time division multiple access and carrier sense multiple access channel mechanisms and has node management, route maintenance, whitelist filtering, multi-phase networking and multi-network management functions.

4. The HPLC communication device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The HPLC communication device is compatible with three-phase energy meters and supports data reading, broadcast time synchronization, slave node registration, event reporting, remote cost control and software upgrades. It can also be expanded to support transformer area identification, phase identification and balance event reporting.

5. The HPLC communication device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The HPLC communication device also integrates a wireless communication module to form an HPLC+HRF dual-mode communication device. The wireless communication module operates in the 470MHz-510MHz frequency band and supports orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation. The dual-mode communication device can achieve hardware interoperability, and the power line carrier anti-attenuation performance is not less than a second predetermined decibel value in isolation and shielding environments.

6. A control method for an HPLC communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The HPLC communication device includes a concentrator carrier module (CCO) and a slave node carrier module (STA), and the method includes the following steps for handling power outage events: After the HPLC communication device is powered on and initialized, the detection module continuously monitors the power frequency zero-crossing signal and DC voltage. A power outage event is generated when no zero-crossing signal is detected for several consecutive power frequency cycles, the DC voltage is lower than the second predetermined threshold, and the communication device is not disconnected from the external interface. In response to a power outage event, the system switches to backup power supply and broadcasts a power outage message with a random delay before transmission and periodically transmits the message at intervals and times. After receiving a power outage message, the HPLC communication device that is not powered down will summarize and parse multiple power outage events within a preset countdown time and report them to the concentrator carrier module (CCO) via unicast. When the power frequency zero-crossing signal is detected to have recovered and the DC voltage has returned to the normal range, a power restoration event is generated, the main power supply is switched back to the main power supply and reported to the concentrator carrier module CCO. For three-phase communication devices, the power restoration, power outage or phase loss event is distinguished according to the voltage status of each phase.

7. The control method for the HPLC communication device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The following steps are included for phase recognition: The concentrator carrier module (CCO) issues a zero-crossing data acquisition command, which includes the acquisition feature type, acquisition frequency, acquisition cycle start time, and number of acquisition points. After receiving the zero-crossing data acquisition command from the node carrier module STA, the system acquires and stores a predetermined number of power frequency cycle zero-crossing data. The zero-crossing data is encapsulated by the node carrier module (STA) and reported to the concentrator carrier module (CCO). The concentrator carrier module (CCO) compares the local zero-crossing data, calculates the phase difference to identify the phase of the slave node, and determines the wiring status. For three-phase slave nodes, the reverse phase sequence or phase loss status is verified by both the zero-crossing signal timing and the energy meter information. The concentrator carrier module (CCO) encapsulates the identification results into a report and sends it to the main station via the concentrator.

8. The control method for the HPLC communication device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The following steps are included for transformer area identification: The main station filters target distribution areas based on the acquisition success rate and line loss rate, and sends a distribution area identification start command to the concentrator; The concentrator forwards the area identification enable command to the concentrator carrier module CCO, so that the concentrator carrier module CCO can enable whitelist filtering and send an area feature collection start message; The node carrier module (STA) collects and stores local feature data according to the configuration of the area feature acquisition start message; After the concentrator carrier module (CCO) completes its data acquisition, it broadcasts its own characteristic data to all slave node carrier modules (STA). The similarity between the node carrier module (STA) and the concentrator carrier module (CCO) data is calculated, and the station area affiliation is determined based on a predetermined similarity threshold. The concentrator carrier module (CCO) polls and reads the judgment result, encapsulates it, and sends it to the main station through the concentrator. After the master station corrects the STA file with the incorrect attribution, it issues a station identification stop command to the concentrator carrier module CCO.

9. The control method for the HPLC communication device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps for centralized identification: When the success rate of distributed identification is lower than the predetermined success rate threshold, switch to centralized identification mode and send out a feature collection start message for the station area; The STA (Stationary Node Carrier Module) collects and stores feature data based on the configuration of the area feature acquisition initiation message; The concentrator carrier module (CCO) periodically polls and collects feature data acquired from the node carrier modules (STA). The concentrator calculates the similarity between the feature data collected by the STA and its own feature data to determine the affiliation of the station area; The Concentrator Carrier Module (CCO) reports the centralized identification results to the main station and switches back to distributed mode after the main station corrects the file.

10. The control method for the HPLC communication device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The HPLC communication device supports multiple message formats. When the slave node carrier module STA is working normally, it forwards meter reading messages and transmits meter data back; When the node carrier module STA is initialized, it attempts to read the meter address at multiple rates until it succeeds or iterates through all rates.

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