One-season double-fertilizer water-saving synergistic cultivation method for ratooning rice

Abstract

The invention provides a one-season double-fertilizer water-saving synergistic cultivation method for ratooning rice, which comprises the following processes: first season and ratooning season fertilizer management: applying a coated slow-release fertilizer in two parts, applying one part as a base fertilizer 1-2 days before first season transplanting, applying the other part as a bud promoting fertilizer after full heading of the first season, and not applying the fertilizer in the ratooning season; performing first season and regeneration season water management: transplanting to turn green in the first season, keeping a 1-3cm water layer in a booting stage, and promoting seedling rooting and young ear development; irrigating the field to a water layer of 1-3cm to dissolve the fertilizer when the fertilizer is applied in the first season; and adopting a shallow-dry and shallow-wet alternate mode for irrigation in the rest periods of the first-season growth and during the regeneration season. Compared with a conventional ratooning rice cultivation mode, shallow-dry and shallow-wet irrigation is adopted in the first season and the ratooning season, the input of irrigation water and labor is reduced, the rice yield is not obviously reduced, the water utilization efficiency is improved, meanwhile, fertilizer is only applied twice in the first season, the fertilization frequency is reduced, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ratooning rice cultivation technology, specifically relating to a method for cultivating ratooning rice with double fertilizer in one season, saving water and increasing efficiency. Background Technology

[0002] Ratoon rice refers to a planting model where, after the first rice harvest, dormant buds remaining on the stubble are cultivated and managed to sprout into tillers, which then head and produce grains for a second harvest. However, traditional ratoon rice cultivation has several technical challenges: 1. Inadequate water management: Early flooding leads to water waste, and late-term flooding results in soft rice stubble, making it susceptible to damage and lodging during the first harvest, hindering stable yields in both the first and ratoon seasons. Furthermore, efficient water allocation techniques are not yet mature, limiting the improvement of water use efficiency. 2. Low fertilizer utilization efficiency: Base fertilizer and topdressing in the first season are easily lost with water, and the timing of topdressing in the ratoon season is difficult to control precisely. Additionally, fertilizer utilization is low in the ratoon season, and water and fertilizer management lacks systematic matching, resulting in weak and uneven seedling emergence, unstable yields, and limited economic benefits.

[0003] While existing technologies such as alternating irrigation or special fertilizer application can improve the above problems to some extent, they fail to achieve synergistic optimization of water and fertilizer and cannot fully realize the potential for water and fertilizer conservation. Therefore, developing a regenerated rice cultivation technology with high water and fertilizer management matching, simple operation, and cost-saving and efficiency-enhancing effects has become an urgent need for the current industrial development. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for cultivating regenerated rice with double fertilizer in one season, which saves water and increases efficiency, and can at least solve some of the defects in the existing technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for cultivating ratooning rice using double fertilizer in a single season, saving water and increasing efficiency, includes the following steps:

[0007] Fertilizer management for the first and second crop seasons: Apply coated slow-release fertilizer in two parts. One part is used as base fertilizer, applied 1-2 days before transplanting in the first crop season, and the other part is used as bud-promoting fertilizer, applied after heading in the first crop season. No fertilizer is applied in the second crop season. The N:P2O5:K2O ratio of the coated slow-release fertilizer is 25:10:11.

[0008] Water management during the first and second crop seasons: Maintain a water layer of 1-3 cm from transplanting to the greening and heading stages of the first crop season to promote seedling rooting and young spike development; irrigate the field to a water layer of 1-3 cm to dissolve fertilizer when applying fertilizer during the first crop season; and use a shallow dry and shallow wet alternation irrigation pattern during the remaining growth stages of the first crop season and the second crop season.

[0009] Furthermore, during the first and second crop season fertilizer management process, the application rate of base fertilizer is 180 kg N / hm², and the application rate of bud-promoting fertilizer is 150 kg N / hm².

[0010] Furthermore, in the water management process of the first and second seasons, the alternating shallow dry and shallow wet pattern is a repeated cycle of water layering (1-3 cm), ...

[0011] Furthermore, the above-mentioned method for cultivating ratooning rice using double fertilizer in one season to save water and increase efficiency also includes the following steps:

[0012] 1) Select rice varieties that meet the light and temperature characteristics of the cultivation area, have strong regeneration ability, and high yield;

[0013] 2) Seed treatment: First, sun-dry the seeds for 8-9 hours, then put the sun-dried seeds into the sterilization solution to submerge the seeds, and soak them at room temperature for 24-36 hours.

[0014] 3) Germination: Remove the seeds from the sterilization solution, wash the seeds with warm water at 25-30℃, then wrap the seeds with a damp towel to germinate for 36-72 hours. During this period, wash the seeds with warm water at 25-30℃ every 8 hours. When the radicle is one grain long and the plumule is half a grain long, take out the seeds and sow them.

[0015] 4) Seedling raising: Seedlings are raised in seedling trays, and the process of filling soil, watering, sowing, and covering soil is completed by seedling seeders or manually.

[0016] 5) Prepare the land: Prepare the land 1-2 days in advance before transplanting to ensure that the mud is of moderate softness when transplanting rice seedlings;

[0017] 6) Transplanting: Transplant the seedlings when they have 3-3.5 leaves. The spacing between the plants is 15 cm × 30 cm. Plant 2-3 seedlings per hole. Weed with herbicide 5-7 days after transplanting.

[0018] 7) Pest and disease control: In the late booting stage of the first rice crop, 5-7 days before the rice heads break, spray pesticides to control rice false smut, sheath blight and rice blast. In the late growth stage of the first rice crop, when the number of insects per 100 plants reaches 1000, apply pesticides to control rice planthoppers and stem borers.

[0019] 8) Harvest the first crop of rice when more than 95% of the rice ears are yellow and ripe, leaving a stubble of 30-40cm;

[0020] 9) Management and harvesting of ratooning rice.

[0021] Furthermore, in step 2), the bactericidal solution is a 4 wt% aqueous solution of imazalil.

[0022] Furthermore, in step 6), the herbicide is 25% cyhalofop-butyl emulsifiable concentrate, applied at a rate of 110 g / mu, and sprayed as a 0.055 g / mL aqueous solution.

[0023] Furthermore, in step 7), the pesticide for controlling rice false smut is flutriafol, applied at a rate of 50 g / mu, sprayed with a 0.0025 g / mL aqueous solution; the pesticide for controlling sheath blight is 24 wt% thifluzamide suspension, applied at a rate of 20 ml / mu, sprayed with a 0.0025 g / mL aqueous solution; and the pesticide for controlling rice planthoppers and stem borers is thiamethoxam wettable powder, applied at a rate of 50 g / mu, sprayed with a 0.0025 g / mL aqueous solution.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 9), the first crop of rice is irrigated within three days after harvest, using the same shallow dry and shallow wet alternation irrigation pattern as the first crop, and harvested when more than 95% of the rice ears are yellow and ripe.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] (1) The double-fertilizer, water-saving and efficiency-enhancing cultivation method for regenerated rice provided by this invention breaks the traditional model of separate irrigation and fertilization, and constructs an integrated cultivation technology of "water and fertilizer synergy, light and efficient". It deeply couples shallow dry and shallow wet alternating irrigation with double-fertilizer in one season to form a synergistic logic of "shallow dry and shallow wet before heading to protect growth, and shallow water to deliver fertilizer after heading to promote regeneration". It achieves precise matching of "water regulation and nutrient absorption", which not only solves the key problems of water waste, low fertilizer utilization rate and weak seedling in regeneration season in traditional cultivation, but also achieves the comprehensive goals of cost saving (water saving, fertilizer saving and labor saving), efficiency enhancement (improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency) and stable yield (no decline in yield and quality).

[0027] (2) Compared with the conventional ratooning rice cultivation mode, the present invention adopts shallow dry and shallow wet irrigation in both the first and second seasons, which greatly reduces the amount of irrigation water and labor input, without significantly reducing the rice yield, and significantly improves the water use efficiency. At the same time, fertilizer is applied only twice during the first season of rice, which reduces the number of fertilizations and improves the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] This invention provides a method for cultivating ratooning rice using double fertilizer in a single season, which saves water and increases efficiency, and includes the following process:

[0030] Fertilizer management for the first and second crop seasons: Apply coated slow-release fertilizer in two parts. One part is used as base fertilizer, applied 1-2 days before transplanting in the first crop season, and the other part is used as bud-promoting fertilizer, applied after heading in the first crop season. No fertilizer is applied in the second crop season. The N:P2O5:K2O ratio of the coated slow-release fertilizer is 25:10:11.

[0031] Water management during the first and second crop seasons: Maintain a water layer of 1-3 cm from transplanting to the greening and heading stages of the first crop season to promote seedling rooting and young spike development; irrigate the field to a water layer of 1-3 cm to dissolve fertilizer when applying fertilizer during the first crop season; and use a shallow dry and shallow wet alternation irrigation pattern during the remaining growth stages of the first crop season and the second crop season.

[0032] In a detailed implementation, during the fertilizer management process of the first and second crop seasons, the application rate of base fertilizer is 180 kg N / hm², and the application rate of sprout-promoting fertilizer is 150 kg N / hm². During the water management process of the first and second crop seasons, the alternating shallow-dry and shallow-wet pattern involves a repeated cycle of watering with a 1-3 cm layer until the soil water potential reaches -10±5 kPa, followed by another 1-3 cm layer of water, and then watering again until the soil water potential reaches -10±5 kPa.

[0033] In this invention, through precise design of irrigation patterns, matching and optimization of fertilization strategies, and synergistic coordination of water and fertilizer coupling in terms of timing and dosage, an integrated effect of "water regulation of nutrient absorption and fertilizer adaptation to water rhythm" is achieved, specifically in the following aspects:

[0034] (1) Adopt a phased irrigation model to adapt to fertilization needs.

[0035] Maintaining a shallow water layer during the initial transplanting and greening-up and heading stages provides a stable water environment for seedling rooting and panicle development, while also creating the foundation for the dissolution and absorption of base fertilizer and bud-promoting fertilizer. During the fertilization period, targeted water supply ensures the full dissolution of coated slow-release fertilizers through precise water volume control, avoiding both insufficient water leading to fertilizer failure and excessive water causing nutrient loss. During non-critical periods, water is alternately controlled using a cyclical pattern of "1-3cm water layer → natural drying to soil water potential -10±5kPa → re-irrigation with a 1-3cm water layer." By precisely controlling the irrigation timing through soil water potential, an alternating wet and dry soil environment is formed. This environment promotes root development in rice, enhances nutrient absorption, and reduces nitrogen denitrification loss caused by anaerobic soil conditions, indirectly improving fertilizer utilization.

[0036] (2) Continuous irrigation during the regeneration season to ensure the utilization of residual nutrients.

[0037] The regeneration season continues the alternating pattern of shallow dry and shallow wet conditions to prevent the rice stubble from being affected by drought and water shortage, thus preventing the germination of regenerated tillers. At the same time, the residual nutrients of the coating slow-release fertilizer that was not fully released in the first season can continue to be absorbed by the regenerated tillers under suitable water conditions. No additional topdressing is needed to meet the growth needs of the regeneration season, achieving the effect of one season of fertilization and two seasons of benefit, and avoiding the secondary mismatch between topdressing and irrigation in the regeneration season.

[0038] (3) Precise matching of the timing of fertilization and irrigation rhythm for double fertilization in one season.

[0039] Base fertilizer is applied 1-2 days before transplanting the first crop of rice. At this time, the soil is moist after land preparation. The 1-3cm water layer during the subsequent greening period can slowly dissolve the base fertilizer, allowing nutrients to penetrate into the root distribution layer with the water. This avoids the base fertilizer not being released due to drought or being lost rapidly due to previous flooding. Sprout-promoting fertilizer is applied after the first crop has fully headed. At this time, it is combined with the "shallow water fertilizer delivery" mode. The 1-3cm water layer can dissolve the sprout-promoting fertilizer and guide nutrients downward to the base of the rice stubble, storing nutrients for the germination of dormant buds. The subsequent return to the alternating shallow dry and shallow wet mode can control the nutrient release rate, prevent excessive growth of regenerated tillers, and reduce nutrient leaching loss.

[0040] (4) Formulation design of coated slow-release fertilizers and their adaptation to irrigation patterns

[0041] The coating slow-release fertilizer is designed with an N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 25:10:11. Its slow-release characteristics are highly compatible with the water rhythm of shallow dry and shallow wet periods. That is, the fertilizer release rate is slowed down during dry periods to avoid nutrient idleness, and the fertilizer is slowly released with the water during wet periods. This perfectly matches the nutrient requirements of rice at different growth stages and solves the defects of traditional fast-acting fertilizers, such as "asynchronous water and fertilizer and easy nutrient loss".

[0042] (5) The synergistic effect of water and fertilizer synergy achieves a synergistic effect of 1+1>2.

[0043] The "dry-wet cycle" soil environment created by alternating shallow and wet irrigation improves soil aeration, promotes root respiration and vitality, and makes it easier for rice roots to absorb dissolved nutrients (especially nitrogen). Simultaneously, maintaining soil water potential at -10±5 kPa avoids both drought preventing nutrient mobility and waterlogging leading to nutrient leaching or denitrification, maximizing the nutrient utilization rate of the coated slow-release fertilizer. Furthermore, "double fertilization per season" reduces the number of fertilizations, eliminating the need for topdressing during the regeneration season and avoiding the water waste associated with irrigation required for topdressing in traditional cultivation. Moreover, the precise nutrient supply from the coated slow-release fertilizer promotes robust rice growth, enhances leaf transpiration efficiency, and generates higher biomass with the same irrigation volume, indirectly improving water use efficiency.

[0044] The specific process and effects of the single-season double-fertilizer water-saving and efficiency-enhancing cultivation method for ratooning rice of the present invention are illustrated below through specific embodiments and comparative examples. The following embodiments and comparative examples were all conducted in 2024 at the Huazhong Agricultural University experimental base in Zhenggongta, Huaqiao Town, Wuxue City, Hubei Province (115°75' E, 30°01' N), with an experimental area of ​​0.2 hm². 2 The basic physicochemical properties of the topsoil layer (0-20cm) in the experimental field were as follows: soil pH 5.09, organic matter 24.14 g / kg, total nitrogen 1.6 mg / kg, available phosphorus 14.68 mg / kg, available potassium 121.75 mg / kg, and bulk density 1.15 g / cm³. 3 .

[0045] Example 1:

[0046] This embodiment provides a method for cultivating ratooning rice using double fertilizer in one season, which saves water and increases efficiency. The method includes the following steps:

[0047] 1) Seed selection: Select the rice variety with strong regeneration ability and high yield, namely the indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 4949.

[0048] 2) Sun-drying seeds: On March 22, 2024, put the seeds into a mesh bag and hang them on a drying rack to sun-dry for 9 hours; avoid placing the seeds directly on a cement floor, as this will scald the seeds and affect their germination.

[0049] 3) Soaking seeds: On March 23, 2024, the seeds were placed in a 4wt% solution of prochloraz and soaked at 25℃ for 24 hours.

[0050] 4) Germination: On March 27, 2024, remove the seeds from the sterilization solution, wash the seeds with warm water at 25-30℃, and then wrap the seeds with a damp towel to germinate for 48 hours. During this period, wash the seeds with warm water at 25℃ every 8 hours. When the radicle is one grain long and the plumule is half grain long, take out the seeds and sow them.

[0051] 5) Seedling raising: On March 25, 2024, seedling trays were used for seedling raising, and a seedling planter was used to complete the process of filling soil, watering, sowing, and covering soil.

[0052] 6) Land preparation: On April 26, 2024, the land was prepared and compacted using agricultural machinery to ensure that the mud was of moderate softness and hardness when transplanting rice seedlings, thereby reducing seedling lodging and floating.

[0053] 7) Fertilization: Base fertilizer was applied on April 27, 2024. The base fertilizer was a coated slow-release fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=25:10:11) specifically for ratooning rice, at a rate of 180 kg N / hm². 2 It is applied to the community as a base fertilizer in one application.

[0054] 8) Transplanting: Transplanting will be carried out on April 28, 2024. The spacing between machine-planted plants is 15 cm × 30 cm, with 2 seedlings planted per hole.

[0055] 9) Weed control: On May 5, 2024, apply 25% cyhalofop-butyl water emulsion herbicide at a rate of 110g / mu, sprayed with a 0.055g / mL aqueous solution.

[0056] 10) Water management: During the first transplanting season, maintain a 3cm water layer in the field from the greening and heading stages. When fertilizing, irrigate the field to a 3cm water layer to dissolve the fertilizer. During other periods, use alternating shallow dry and shallow wet irrigation: when the shallow water layer dries naturally until the soil water potential reaches -10±5 kPa, irrigate a 3cm water layer, then let it dry naturally until the soil water potential reaches -10±5 kPa, and then irrigate a 3cm water layer. Repeat this cycle, and use a soil tensiometer to monitor the soil water potential during this period.

[0057] 11) Pest and disease control: In the late booting stage of rice, 5-7 days before heading, spray flutriafol to control rice false smut at a rate of 50g / mu, using a 0.0025g / mL aqueous solution; use 24% thifluzamide suspension to control sheath blight at a rate of 20ml / mu, using a 0.0025g / mL aqueous solution; in the late growth stage of rice, when the number of planthoppers per 100 plants reaches 1000, immediately apply thiamethoxam wettable powder to control rice planthoppers at a rate of 50g / mu, using a 0.0025g / mL aqueous solution.

[0058] 12) Topdressing: Apply 150 kg N / hm² on July 15, 2024, one week after the first heading of the crop. 2 A special coated slow-release fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=25:10:11) for ratooning rice was applied to the plot as a fertilizer to promote bud growth.

[0059] 13) First-season rice harvest: On August 12, 2024, more than 95% of the rice ears were ripe and yellow, and the rice was harvested manually with a stubble of 40cm.

[0060] 14) Regeneration season water management: Water should be applied promptly after the first harvest on August 13, 2024, using the same shallow dry and shallow wet alternating irrigation water management method as the first season.

[0061] 15) Harvesting of ratooning rice: On October 13, 2024, more than 95% of the rice ears were ripe and yellow, and were harvested manually.

[0062] Comparative Example 1:

[0063] This comparative example provides a method for cultivating ratooning rice, which differs from Example 1 above in that it uses traditional fertilization and irrigation methods, specifically including the following steps:

[0064] 1) Seed selection: Select the rice variety with strong regeneration ability and high yield, namely the indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 4949.

[0065] 2) Sun-drying seeds: On March 22, 2024, put the seeds into a mesh bag and hang them on a drying rack to sun-dry for 9 hours; avoid placing the seeds directly on a cement floor, as this will scald the seeds and affect their germination.

[0066] 3) Soaking seeds: On March 23, 2024, the seeds were placed in a 4wt% solution of prochloraz and soaked at 25℃ for 24 hours.

[0067] 4) Germination: On March 27, 2024, remove the seeds from the sterilization solution, wash the seeds with warm water at 25-30℃, and then wrap the seeds with a damp towel to germinate for 48 hours. During this period, wash the seeds with warm water at 25℃ every 8 hours. When the radicle is one grain long and the plumule is half grain long, take out the seeds and sow them.

[0068] 5) Seedling raising: On March 25, 2024, seedling trays were used for seedling raising, and a seedling planter was used to complete the process of filling soil, watering, sowing, and covering soil.

[0069] 6) Land preparation: On April 26, 2024, the land was prepared and compacted using agricultural machinery to ensure that the mud was of moderate softness and hardness when transplanting rice seedlings, thereby reducing seedling lodging and floating.

[0070] 7) Fertilization: Apply base fertilizer on April 27, 2024, at a rate of 40 kg / hm². 2 P (fertilizer source is superphosphate, the same below), 50 kg / hm 2 K (fertilizer source is potassium chloride, the same below), 72 kg / hm 2 N (the fertilizer source is urea, the same below) is applied as base fertilizer.

[0071] 8) Transplanting: Transplanting will be carried out on April 28, 2024. The spacing between machine-planted plants is 15 cm × 30 cm, with 2 seedlings planted per hole.

[0072] 9) Weed control: Apply 54 kg / hm² of weed fertilizer on May 5, 2024. 2 Apply nitrogen fertilizer to the tillers, and simultaneously apply the herbicide 25% cyhalofop-butyl emulsion at a rate of 110 g / mu, sprayed as a 0.055 g / mL aqueous solution.

[0073] 10) Water management: When the tillering peak reaches 70-80% of the effective panicles, start drying the field and dry it for 6 days. During other growth stages, maintain a water layer of 3-5 cm in the field. Do not irrigate or maintain the water layer during the yellow ripening stage.

[0074] 11) Pest and disease control: In the late booting stage of rice, 5-7 days before heading, spray flutriafol to control rice false smut at a rate of 50g / mu, using a 0.0025g / mL aqueous solution; use 24% thifluzamide suspension to control sheath blight at a rate of 20ml / mu, using a 0.0025g / mL aqueous solution; in the late growth stage of rice, when the number of planthoppers per 100 plants reaches 1000, immediately apply thiamethoxam wettable powder to control rice planthoppers at a rate of 50g / mu, using a 0.0025g / mL aqueous solution.

[0075] 12) Topdressing: Apply 50 kg / hm² on July 8, 2024. 2 K and 54 kg / hm 2 N was applied as topdressing fertilizer at a rate of 75 kg / hm² on July 15, 2024, one week after the first heading of the crop. 2 N-urea is applied to the field as a fertilizer to promote bud growth.

[0076] 13) First-season rice harvest: On August 12, 2024, more than 95% of the rice ears were ripe and yellow, and the rice was harvested manually with a stubble of 40cm.

[0077] 14) Regeneration season water management: After the first harvest on August 13, 2024, water should be added in time to maintain the water layer in the paddy field at 3-5cm until the yellow ripening stage.

[0078] 15) Topdressing during the regeneration season: Apply 75 kg / hm² after irrigation on August 14, 2024. 2 N-urea is applied to the field as a seedling fertilizer.

[0079] 16) Harvesting of ratooning rice: On October 13, 2024, more than 95% of the rice ears were ripe and yellow, and were harvested manually.

[0080] Comparative Example 2:

[0081] This comparative example provides a method for cultivating ratooning rice, with largely the same operational steps as Comparative Example 1 above. The difference lies in the water management during the first and ratooning seasons. Specifically, in step 10), water management: during the first season from transplanting to the greening and booting stages, maintain a 3cm water layer in the field. When fertilizing, irrigate the field to a 3cm water layer to dissolve the fertilizer. For the remaining periods, use alternating shallow-dry and shallow-wet irrigation: that is, allow the 3cm water layer to dry naturally until the soil water potential reaches -10±5 kPa, then irrigate to a 3cm water layer, allow it to dry naturally again until the soil water potential reaches -10±5 kPa, then add a shallow water layer, and repeat this cycle. During this period, soil water potential is monitored using a soil tensiometer. In step 14), ratooning season water management: after the first season harvest on August 13, 2024, irrigate promptly, using the same shallow-dry and shallow-wet alternating irrigation method as the first season.

[0082] Comparative Example 3:

[0083] This comparative example provides a method for cultivating ratooning rice, which is largely the same as the operation steps in Comparative Example 1 above. The difference is that this comparative example adopts a double-fertilizer application method in one season. Specifically, the fertilizer composition is a coated slow-release fertilizer with N:P2O5:K2O=25:10:11, applied in two parts: one part is applied in the first season at 180kgN / hm². 2 Apply as base fertilizer 1-2 days before transplanting, and apply another portion as a bud-promoting fertilizer of 150 kg N / hm² after the first heading of the crop. 2 Apply.

[0084] The experimental results of different cultivation modes of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are compared as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

[0085] Table 1: Comparison of Rice Quality between First-Season and Second-Season Rice

[0086]

[0087] Table 2: Comparison of Rice Yield and Resource Utilization Efficiency under Different Cultivation Modes

[0088]

[0089] Table 1 shows that the quality of rice from the first and second harvests of rice did not change significantly between different cultivation models. Table 2 shows that the shallow-dry / shallow-wet alternating irrigation + special fertilizer fertigation cultivation model (i.e., Example 1) improved water use efficiency by 28.6% compared to the traditional irrigation + special fertilizer model (i.e., Comparative Example 3), while there was no significant difference in nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity; compared to the shallow-dry / shallow-wet alternating irrigation + traditional fertilization model (i.e., Comparative Example 2), water use efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity increased by 15.8% and 3.2%, respectively; compared to the traditional irrigation + traditional fertilization model (i.e., Comparative Example 1), water use efficiency increased by 17.9%, and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity increased by an average of 7.4%. Therefore, the double-fertilizer + shallow dry and shallow wet water-saving cultivation technology for ratooning rice of the present invention can improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency compared to alternating irrigation or applying ratooning rice-specific fertilizer without significantly affecting yield and rice quality. The cultivation mode of the present invention is simple to operate, reduces the number of irrigations and fertilizations and the input of manual labor, and improves water use efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency. It is a highly efficient, economical, cost-saving and efficiency-enhancing water and fertilizer synergistic cultivation mode that meets the current needs of rice planting.

[0090] The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. All designs that are the same as or similar to the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating ratooning rice using double fertilizer in a single season, characterized in that, The process includes the following: Fertilizer management for the first and second crop seasons: Apply coated slow-release fertilizer in two parts. One part is used as base fertilizer, applied 1-2 days before transplanting in the first crop season, and the other part is used as bud-promoting fertilizer, applied after heading in the first crop season. No fertilizer is applied in the second crop season. The N:P2O5:K2O ratio of the coated slow-release fertilizer is 25:10:

11. Water management during the first and second crop seasons: During the first crop season, maintain a water layer of 1-3 cm from transplanting to the greening and heading stages to promote seedling rooting and young spike development; when applying fertilizer during the first crop season, irrigate the field to a water layer of 1-3 cm to dissolve the fertilizer; during the remaining growth stages of the first crop season and the second crop season, use an alternating shallow dry and shallow wet irrigation pattern.

2. The method for cultivating ratooning rice using double fertilizer in one season, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... During the first and second crop season fertilizer management process, the application rate of base fertilizer is 180 kg N / hm², and the application rate of bud-promoting fertilizer is 150 kg N / hm².

3. The method for cultivating ratooning rice using double fertilizer in one season, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... During the water management process in the first and second seasons, the alternating shallow dry and shallow wet pattern involves a repeated cycle of watering with a 1-3 cm water layer until the soil water potential reaches -10±5 kPa, followed by another 1-3 cm water layer, and then watering again until the soil water potential reaches -10±5 kPa.

4. The method for cultivating ratooning rice with double fertilizer in one season, as described in any one of claims 1-3, is characterized in that... It also includes the following steps: 1) Select rice varieties that meet the light and temperature characteristics of the cultivation area, have strong regeneration ability, and high yield; 2) Seed treatment: First, sun-dry the seeds for 8-9 hours, then put the sun-dried seeds into the sterilization solution to submerge the seeds, and soak them at room temperature for 24-36 hours. 3) Germination: Remove the seeds from the sterilization solution, wash them with warm water at 25-30℃, then wrap them in a damp towel to germinate for 36-72 hours. During this period, wash the seeds with warm water at 25-30℃ every 8 hours. When the radicle is one grain long and the plumule is half a grain long, take out the seeds and sow them. 4) Seedling raising: Seedling trays are used for raising seedlings. The process of filling soil, watering, sowing, and covering soil is completed by seedling seeders or manually. 5) Prepare the land: Prepare the land 1-2 days in advance before transplanting to ensure that the mud is of moderate softness when transplanting rice seedlings; 6) Transplanting: Transplant the seedlings when they have 3-3.5 leaves. The spacing between the plants is 15 cm × 30 cm. Plant 2-3 seedlings per hole. Weed with herbicide 5-7 days after transplanting. 7) Pest and disease control: In the late booting stage of the first rice crop, 5-7 days before the rice heads break, spray pesticides to control rice false smut, sheath blight and rice blast. In the late growth stage of the first rice crop, when the number of insects per 100 plants reaches 1000, apply pesticides to control rice planthoppers and stem borers. 8) Harvest the first crop of rice when more than 95% of the rice ears are yellow and ripe, leaving a stubble of 30-40cm; 9) Management and harvesting of ratooning rice.

5. The method for cultivating ratooning rice using double fertilizer in one season, as described in claim 4, is characterized in that... In step 1), the rice variety is Yongyou 4949, a hybrid indica-japonica rice.

6. The method for cultivating ratooning rice using double fertilizer in one season, as described in claim 4, is characterized in that... In step 2), the bactericidal solution is a 4 wt% aqueous solution of imazalil.

7. The method for cultivating ratooning rice using double fertilizer in one season, as described in claim 4, is characterized in that... In step 6), the herbicide is 25% cyhalofop-butyl emulsifiable concentrate, applied at a rate of 110 g / mu, and sprayed as a 0.055 g / mL aqueous solution.

8. The method for cultivating ratooning rice using double fertilizer in one season, as described in claim 4, is characterized in that... In step 7), the pesticide for controlling rice false smut is flutriafol, applied at a rate of 50 g / mu, sprayed with a 0.0025 g / mL aqueous solution; the pesticide for controlling rice sheath blight is 24 wt% thifluzamide suspension, applied at a rate of 20 ml / mu, sprayed with a 0.0025 g / mL aqueous solution; and the pesticide for controlling rice planthoppers and stem borers is thiamethoxam wettable powder, applied at a rate of 50 g / mu, sprayed with a 0.0025 g / mL aqueous solution.

9. The method for cultivating ratooning rice with double fertilizer in one season, water-saving and efficiency-enhancing cultivation as described in claim 4, is characterized in that... In step 9), the first crop of rice is irrigated within three days after harvest, using the same shallow dry and shallow wet alternation irrigation pattern as the first crop, and harvested when more than 95% of the rice ears are yellow and ripe.

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