Grassland pest control and ecological restoration integrated seed dressing agent

Abstract

The invention provides a grassland disease and insect pest control and ecological restoration integrated seed dressing agent, and relates to the technical field of grassland disease and insect pest control and ecological restoration, the grassland disease and insect pest control and ecological restoration integrated seed dressing agent is characterized in that sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol form a continuous coating layer on the surfaces of seeds, and matrine and cinnamyl aldehyde are slowly released; the continuous coating layer is a gel net-shaped slow-release layer, the gel net-shaped slow-release layer forms a continuous phase through sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol, ionic crosslinking is carried out under the action of calcium ions, and a three-dimensional net-shaped hydrogel framework is formed. Sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol are used for forming a continuous coating layer on the surfaces of seeds, so that slow release of matrine and cinnamyl aldehyde is realized, active ingredients are continuously and stably released in the early stage of seeding and seedling emergence, loss caused by easy volatilization and easy degradation of matrine and cinnamyl aldehyde is reduced, and the survival rate of the seeds is increased. The utilization rate is improved; and the effective action time of pest control is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration technology, specifically to an integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration. Background Technology

[0002] Existing grassland pest and disease control technologies mainly include chemical pesticide spraying, spreading, biological control, physical trapping / barrier, and prediction, early warning, and emergency response based on grassland monitoring. In terms of ecological restoration, methods such as reseeding, enclosure and grazing bans and rotational grazing, fertilization and soil improvement, microbial and soil amendment materials, water and soil conservation and windbreak and sand fixation measures are often adopted. The restoration effect is evaluated through vegetation and soil indicators, such as vegetation cover, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH, and electrical conductivity as common monitoring indicators.

[0003] The aforementioned technologies generally suffer from the problem of separation between prevention and treatment: pest and disease control is often oriented towards a single objective, which can easily lead to short-lasting effects, high costs of repeated application, and impacts on non-target organisms and soil microecology, making it difficult to form a closed loop of simultaneous protection and growth promotion from seed germination to the early stage of planting. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration. The technical problem this invention aims to solve is: how to coat seeds and form a slow-release coating layer, combining biological control components and ecological restoration substances, to address the issues of fragmentation between pest and disease control and ecological restoration, short duration of efficacy, high application costs, and negative impacts on the ecosystem.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides the following technical solution: an integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration, comprising, by weight percentage: Matrine: 0.3wt%-3wt%; Cinnamaldehyde: 0.3wt%-3wt%; Humic acid: 2wt%-12wt%; Chitosan oligosaccharides: 0.5wt%-6wt%; Bacillus subtilis: 0.05wt%-2wt%, and the viable count in the finished seed dressing is 1×10⁻⁶. 7 CFU / g-1×10 10 CFU / g; Biochar: 5wt%-20wt%; Zeolite: 5wt%-15wt%; Sodium alginate: 1wt%-10wt%; Polyvinyl alcohol: 2wt%-10wt%; Lignosulfonates: 0.2wt%-1.5wt%; Talc: Balance; The sodium alginate and the polyvinyl alcohol form a continuous coating layer on the seed surface, thereby enabling the sustained release of matrine and cinnamaldehyde.

[0006] Preferably, the continuous coating layer is a gel network sustained-release layer, which is formed by sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol forming a continuous phase and undergoing ionic cross-linking under the action of calcium ions to form a three-dimensional network hydrogel skeleton, which is used to support and restrict the migration of matrine and cinnamaldehyde.

[0007] Preferably, the calcium ions are provided by a calcium chloride solution that has been sprayed or impregnated onto the film-forming seeds.

[0008] Preferably, the gel network sustained-release layer comprises a mesh structure formed by ionic cross-linking, and the matrine and cinnamaldehyde are continuously released through diffusion and gel swelling.

[0009] Preferably, the continuous coating layer has a double-layer structure. The inner layer of the double-layer structure contains matrine, cinnamaldehyde, sodium alginate, and polyvinyl alcohol to form a gel network sustained-release layer, and the outer layer of the double-layer structure contains Bacillus subtilis and chitosan oligosaccharide to form a protective layer.

[0010] Preferably, under the condition of water extraction for 24 hours, the total amount of matrine and cinnamaldehyde extracted from the seed dressing agent accounts for no more than 40% of the corresponding total amount in the seed dressing agent, so as to characterize the sustained-release effect of the coating layer.

[0011] Preferably, the coating quality difference of the continuous coating layer, measured by single-particle weight gain, satisfies CV≤5% and coating coverage not less than 95%.

[0012] Preferably, the outer layer further comprises humic acid, and the chitosan oligosaccharide and the humic acid form a composite membrane layer on the outer layer, which encapsulates and isolates the Bacillus subtilis, and swells after absorbing water to form microporous channels, so that the Bacillus subtilis can be released from the outer layer and colonize.

[0013] Preferably, the continuous coating layer meets at least one of the following indicators: damage rate ≤5%, or the coating integrity remains ≥90% under soil moisture conditions after sowing until the early stage of planting.

[0014] Preferably, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:1 to 1:3.

[0015] A method for preparing seeds coated with an integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration includes: S1. Weigh and mix matrine, cinnamaldehyde, humic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide, Bacillus subtilis, biochar, zeolite, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, lignin sulfonate and talc according to the formula ratio, and mix for 10 minutes to 30 minutes to form a uniform dry powder mixture. S2. Add the dry powder mixture to an organic solvent, wherein the mass ratio of the organic solvent to the dry powder mixture is 1:1 to 1:3, and stir and mix for 1 to 2 hours until a uniform coating solution is formed; S3. Apply the coating solution to the seed surface to form a wet film, with the coating amount being 5%-15% of the seed mass; S4. The seeds coated with wet film are soaked in calcium chloride solution to allow sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol to cross-link through calcium ions to form a gel network slow-release layer, thus forming coated seeds. The soaking time is 5-15 minutes. S5. The coated seeds are dried at a temperature of 25℃-35℃ for 6-12 hours until the coating layer is completely dry, thus obtaining seeds coated with a seed dressing agent.

[0016] This invention provides an integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration. It has the following beneficial effects: This integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration achieves the slow release of matrine and cinnamaldehyde by using sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol to form a continuous coating layer on the seed surface. This allows for the continuous and stable release of active ingredients during sowing and early seedling emergence, reducing losses caused by the volatility and degradation of matrine and cinnamaldehyde, improving utilization rate, and extending the effective duration of pest and disease control.

[0017] Using Bacillus subtilis, chitosan oligosaccharide, and humic acid as the outer layer materials, this method synergistically protects against matrine and cinnamaldehyde, promotes the restoration of the rhizosphere microecology, and enhances the integrated pest management effect. The outer composite membrane swells after absorbing water, forming microporous channels that ensure the release of Bacillus subtilis and its colonization in the soil, thus improving the grassland ecological environment. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the composition and coating layer structure of the seed dressing agent of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation process of coated seeds according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the sustained-release mechanism and coating performance of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the formation mechanism of the gel network sustained-release layer of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the sustained-release performance test of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1 like Figure 1-5 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration, comprising, by weight percentage: Matrine: 0.3 wt%.

[0021] Cinnamaldehyde: 0.3 wt%.

[0022] Humic acid: 2wt%.

[0023] Chitosan oligosaccharide: 0.5 wt%.

[0024] Bacillus subtilis: 0.05 wt%, and the viable count in the finished seed dressing product is 1 × 10⁻⁶. 7 CFU / g.

[0025] Biochar: 5 wt%.

[0026] Zeolite: 5 wt%.

[0027] Sodium alginate: 1 wt%.

[0028] Polyvinyl alcohol: 2wt%.

[0029] Lignosulfonate: 0.2 wt%.

[0030] Talc: Balance.

[0031] Sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol form a continuous coating layer on the seed surface, enabling the sustained release of matrine and cinnamaldehyde. The continuous coating layer is a gel-like sustained-release layer, formed by the continuous phase of sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol, which undergoes ionic cross-linking under the action of calcium ions, constituting a three-dimensional network hydrogel framework to support and restrict the migration of matrine and cinnamaldehyde. Calcium ions are provided by a calcium chloride solution obtained by spraying or impregnating the coated seeds. The gel-like sustained-release layer contains a network structure formed by ionic cross-linking, allowing for the sustained release of matrine and cinnamaldehyde through diffusion and gel swelling. The continuous coating layer has a bilayer structure. The inner layer contains matrine, cinnamaldehyde, sodium alginate, and polyvinyl alcohol, forming a gel-like sustained-release layer, while the outer layer contains Bacillus subtilis and chitosan oligosaccharides to form a protective layer. Under 24-hour water extraction conditions, the total leaching amount of matrine and cinnamaldehyde in the seed dressing solution should not exceed 40% of the corresponding total amount in the seed dressing agent, to characterize the slow-release effect of the coating layer. The coating quality difference of the continuous coating layer, measured by single-grain weight gain, should meet the requirements of CV ≤ 5% and coating coverage not less than 95%. The outer layer further contains humic acid; chitosan oligosaccharides and humic acid form a composite membrane layer on the outer layer, encapsulating and isolating Bacillus subtilis. Upon absorbing water, it swells to form microporous channels, allowing Bacillus subtilis to be released from the outer layer and colonize. The continuous coating layer should meet at least one of the following indicators: damage rate ≤ 5%, or maintaining seed integrity ≥ 90% under soil moisture conditions after sowing until the early stage of establishment. The mass ratio of sodium alginate to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:1.

[0032] A method for preparing seeds coated with an integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration includes: S1. Weigh and mix matrine, cinnamaldehyde, humic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide, Bacillus subtilis, biochar, zeolite, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, lignin sulfonate and talc according to the formula ratio, and mix for 10 minutes to form a uniform dry powder mixture.

[0033] S2. Add the dry powder mixture to the organic solvent, with a mass ratio of organic solvent to dry powder mixture of 1:1, and stir for 1 hour until a uniform coating solution is formed.

[0034] S3. Apply the coating solution to the seed surface to form a wet film, with the coating amount being 5% of the seed mass.

[0035] S4. Soak the seeds coated with wet film in calcium chloride solution to allow sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol to cross-link through calcium ions to form a gel network slow-release layer, thus forming coated seeds. The soaking time is 5 minutes.

[0036] S5. Dry the coated seeds at a temperature of 25℃ for 6 hours until the coating layer is completely dry, thus obtaining seeds coated with seed dressing agent.

[0037] Under the conditions specified in this embodiment, the dosages of matrine and cinnamaldehyde in the seed dressing agent are relatively low, reducing potential impacts on the environment and non-target organisms. Specifically, the release rate of the active ingredients in the coating layer is slower, allowing for sustained and gentle repellency and inhibition of pests and diseases through slow-release action, which helps reduce the ineffective loss of active ingredients. The overall control effect leans towards long-term inhibition and ecological regulation, making it suitable for use in grassland ecosystems with low pest and disease pressure. The ecological restoration effect is relatively mild, but it still has a positive effect on improving the physical and chemical properties of grassland soil and stabilizing the microbial environment. It is suitable for application in grassland environments with low pest and disease pressure and high requirements for ecological restoration, applicable to light control tasks, with low cost, but the overall control intensity is relatively limited.

[0038] Example 2 This invention provides an integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration, comprising, by weight percentage: Matrine: 1.65 wt%.

[0039] Cinnamaldehyde: 1.65 wt%.

[0040] Humic acid: 7wt%.

[0041] Chitosan oligosaccharide: 3.25 wt%.

[0042] Bacillus subtilis: 1.03 wt%, and the viable count in the finished seed dressing product is 1 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g.

[0043] Biochar: 12.5 wt%.

[0044] Zeolite: 10 wt%.

[0045] Sodium alginate: 5.5 wt%.

[0046] Polyvinyl alcohol: 6wt%.

[0047] Lignosulfonate: 0.85 wt%.

[0048] Talc: Balance.

[0049] Sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol form a continuous coating layer on the seed surface, enabling the sustained release of matrine and cinnamaldehyde. The continuous coating layer is a gel-like sustained-release layer, formed by the continuous phase of sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol, which undergoes ionic cross-linking under the action of calcium ions, constituting a three-dimensional network hydrogel framework to support and restrict the migration of matrine and cinnamaldehyde. Calcium ions are provided by a calcium chloride solution obtained by spraying or impregnating the coated seeds. The gel-like sustained-release layer contains a network structure formed by ionic cross-linking, allowing for the sustained release of matrine and cinnamaldehyde through diffusion and gel swelling. The continuous coating layer has a bilayer structure. The inner layer contains matrine, cinnamaldehyde, sodium alginate, and polyvinyl alcohol, forming a gel-like sustained-release layer, while the outer layer contains Bacillus subtilis and chitosan oligosaccharides to form a protective layer. Under 24-hour water extraction conditions, the total leaching amount of matrine and cinnamaldehyde in the seed dressing solution should not exceed 40% of the corresponding total amount in the seed dressing agent, to characterize the slow-release effect of the coating layer. The coating quality difference of the continuous coating layer, measured by single-grain weight gain, should meet the requirements of CV ≤ 5% and coating coverage not less than 95%. The outer layer further contains humic acid; chitosan oligosaccharides and humic acid form a composite membrane layer on the outer layer, encapsulating and isolating Bacillus subtilis. Upon absorbing water, it swells to form microporous channels, allowing Bacillus subtilis to be released from the outer layer and colonize. The continuous coating layer should meet at least one of the following indicators: damage rate ≤ 5%, or maintaining seed integrity ≥ 90% under soil moisture conditions after sowing until the early stage of establishment. The mass ratio of sodium alginate to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:2.

[0050] A method for preparing seeds coated with an integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration includes: S1. Weigh and mix matrine, cinnamaldehyde, humic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide, Bacillus subtilis, biochar, zeolite, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, lignin sulfonate and talc according to the formula ratio, and mix for 20 minutes to form a uniform dry powder mixture.

[0051] S2. Add the dry powder mixture to the organic solvent, with a mass ratio of organic solvent to dry powder mixture of 1:2, and stir for 1.5 hours until a uniform coating solution is formed.

[0052] S3. Apply the coating solution to the seed surface to form a wet film, with the coating amount being 10% of the seed mass.

[0053] S4. Soak the seeds coated with wet film in calcium chloride solution to allow sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol to cross-link through calcium ions to form a gel network slow-release layer, thus forming coated seeds. The soaking time is 10 minutes.

[0054] S5. Dry the coated seeds at 30℃ for 9 hours until the coating layer is completely dry, thus obtaining seeds coated with seed dressing agent.

[0055] The formulation in this embodiment achieves a good balance between control efficacy and ecological restoration. Matrine and cinnamaldehyde, under the regulation of the coating's slow-release structure, exert a comprehensive effect of repelling, inhibiting, and interfering with the physiological activities of pests and diseases at a moderate release rate, providing sustained control efficacy over a certain period while maintaining good environmental compatibility. The control effect is relatively strong, effectively addressing moderate levels of pest and disease outbreaks, and suitable for the integrated management of common grassland pests and diseases. The ecological restoration effect is significant, improving soil structure and promoting the colonization of beneficial microorganisms. It is widely applicable to grassland ecosystems under moderate pest and disease pressure, ensuring control efficacy while considering ecological restoration goals, and is suitable for moderate-intensity control tasks.

[0056] Example 3 This invention provides an integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration, comprising, by weight percentage: Matrine: 3wt%.

[0057] Cinnamaldehyde: 3 wt%.

[0058] Humic acid: 12wt%.

[0059] Chitosan oligosaccharide: 6 wt%.

[0060] Bacillus subtilis: 2 wt%, and the viable count in the finished seed dressing product is 1 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g.

[0061] Biochar: 20 wt%.

[0062] Zeolite: 15 wt%.

[0063] Sodium alginate: 10wt%.

[0064] Polyvinyl alcohol: 10wt%.

[0065] Lignosulfonate: 1.5 wt%.

[0066] Talc: Balance.

[0067] Sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol form a continuous coating layer on the seed surface, enabling the sustained release of matrine and cinnamaldehyde. The continuous coating layer is a gel-like sustained-release layer, formed by the continuous phase of sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol, which undergoes ionic cross-linking under the action of calcium ions, constituting a three-dimensional network hydrogel framework to support and restrict the migration of matrine and cinnamaldehyde. Calcium ions are provided by a calcium chloride solution obtained by spraying or impregnating the coated seeds. The gel-like sustained-release layer contains a network structure formed by ionic cross-linking, allowing for the sustained release of matrine and cinnamaldehyde through diffusion and gel swelling. The continuous coating layer has a bilayer structure. The inner layer contains matrine, cinnamaldehyde, sodium alginate, and polyvinyl alcohol, forming a gel-like sustained-release layer, while the outer layer contains Bacillus subtilis and chitosan oligosaccharides to form a protective layer. Under 24-hour water extraction conditions, the total leaching amount of matrine and cinnamaldehyde in the seed dressing solution should not exceed 40% of the corresponding total amount in the seed dressing agent, to characterize the slow-release effect of the coating layer. The coating quality difference of the continuous coating layer, measured by single-grain weight gain, should meet the following requirements: CV ≤ 5% and coating coverage not less than 95%. The outer layer further contains humic acid; chitosan oligosaccharides and humic acid form a composite membrane layer on the outer layer, encapsulating and isolating Bacillus subtilis. Upon absorbing water, it swells to form microporous channels, allowing Bacillus subtilis to be released from the outer layer and colonize. The continuous coating layer should meet at least one of the following indicators: damage rate ≤ 5%, or maintaining seed coat integrity ≥ 90% under soil moisture conditions after sowing until the early stage of establishment. The mass ratio of sodium alginate to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:3.

[0068] A method for preparing seeds coated with an integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration includes: S1. Weigh and mix matrine, cinnamaldehyde, humic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide, Bacillus subtilis, biochar, zeolite, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, lignin sulfonate and talc according to the formula ratio, and mix for 30 minutes to form a uniform dry powder mixture.

[0069] S2. Add the dry powder mixture to the organic solvent, with a mass ratio of organic solvent to dry powder mixture of 1:3, and stir for 2 hours until a uniform coating solution is formed.

[0070] S3. Apply the coating solution to the seed surface to form a wet film, with the coating amount being 15% of the seed weight.

[0071] S4. Soak the seeds coated with wet film in calcium chloride solution to allow sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol to cross-link through calcium ions to form a gel network slow-release layer, thus forming coated seeds. The soaking time is 15 minutes.

[0072] S5. Dry the coated seeds at 35℃ for 12 hours until the coating layer is completely dry, thus obtaining seeds coated with seed dressing agent.

[0073] Under the experimental conditions of this embodiment, matrine and cinnamaldehyde were used in the highest amounts. With the help of the gel-like slow-release coating structure, a high effective release level could be maintained for a relatively long time, enhancing the sustained inhibition and repellency effects against pests and diseases, making it suitable for grassland ecosystems with severe pest and disease outbreaks. The high amount of active ingredients, derived from natural plants and possessing readily degradable characteristics, maintained good ecological safety under slow-release regulation. The high content of humic acid, biochar, and other ecological restoration components helped improve soil physicochemical properties and promote the recovery of soil microbial activity, improving overall ecological efficiency. This method is suitable for grassland environments requiring intensive pest control and simultaneous ecological restoration within a short period, and is suitable for application scenarios with high-intensity pest control tasks and high ecological restoration requirements.

[0074] Example 4 This embodiment is based on an integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration. It compares the performance of different formulations of this integrated seed dressing agent, evaluating differences in slow-release effect, coating quality, viable bacteria content, and grassland pest and disease control. The specific implementation method is as follows: 1. Experimental Materials This embodiment has three experimental groups: Experiment A, Experiment B, and Experiment C. The specific proportions of each component in the formulations of the three experimental groups are as follows, to facilitate comparison of the differences between the formulations of each experimental group.

[0075] Table 1: Data table of ingredients in the experimental group formula.

[0076]

[0077] Talc is determined based on the weight percentage of other ingredients and is the balance component in the formulation, used to adjust the total mass of the formulation to achieve the desired proportion.

[0078] 2. Formulation Preparation Experiment A: Weigh all ingredients in the formula according to the specified proportions and mix them thoroughly for 10 minutes. Due to the small number of ingredients, the mixing time is relatively short.

[0079] Experiment B: Weigh each ingredient according to the formula ratio, mix them to form a dry powder, and mix for 20 minutes.

[0080] The time required is longer than that of Experiment A to ensure that good mixing uniformity can still be obtained when the number of components increases.

[0081] Experiment C: Weigh and mix the components according to the same proportions, and mix for 30 minutes.

[0082] Compared to Experiments A and B, Experiment C had the longest mixing time, which helped ensure that the large doses of biochar and zeolite were evenly distributed.

[0083] As can be seen from the mixing process, in Experiment C, due to the large amount of solid carriers such as biochar and zeolite, local agglomeration is likely to occur if the mixing time is insufficient. Therefore, after extending the time to 30 minutes, no obvious stratification phenomenon was observed in visual and sampling detection of each component. In contrast, in Experiment A, the total amount of each component was lower and the mixing time was shorter, but it still met the basic homogeneity requirements.

[0084] 3. Preparation of coating solution Experiment A: The dry powder mixture was added to an organic solvent at a 1:1 ratio and mixed for 1 hour. Due to the simple formulation and moderate mixing time, uniform dissolution was ensured.

[0085] Experiment B: Add organic solvent to the dry powder mixture at a stirring ratio of 1:2 and mix for 1.5 hours. Increase the solvent ratio and stirring time to ensure that all components are fully dissolved and form a stable coating solution.

[0086] Experiment C: The dry powder mixture was added to an organic solvent at a ratio of 1:3 and mixed for 2 hours. The formulation is more complex and requires longer mixing time to ensure the adhesive is fully dissolved and dispersed.

[0087] With the increase of organic solvent dosage and stirring time, the overall viscosity of the coating solution obtained in Experiment C was relatively low, while the viscosity of the coating solution in Experiment A was high, which may affect the film uniformity and subsequent stability of the coating layer to some extent.

[0088] 4. Coating Experiment A: The coating amount was 5% of the seed weight, and the seeds were allowed to dry naturally after coating. The formulation in Experiment A was mainly used for light pest control, hence the smaller coating amount and thinner coating layer.

[0089] Experiment B: The coating amount was 10% of the seed weight. The formula contained more active ingredients, which increased the coating amount, making the coating layer thicker and enhancing the sustained-release effect.

[0090] Experiment C: The coating amount is 15% of the seed weight. The formulation in Experiment C contains more active ingredients and sustained-release ingredients, so a thicker coating layer is required to ensure long-term sustained-release effect.

[0091] The coating process parameters show that Experiment C, due to its larger coating amount, resulted in a relatively thick coating layer, which is beneficial for extending the release period of plant-derived active ingredients. In contrast, Experiment A had a smaller coating amount and a thinner coating layer, resulting in relatively limited sustained release.

[0092] 5. Impregnation and drying Experiment A: Impregnation time was 5 minutes, drying temperature was 25℃, and time was 6 hours. The coating layer formed relatively quickly, making it suitable for lighter applications.

[0093] Experiment B: Impregnation time was 10 minutes, drying temperature was 30℃, and time was 9 hours. Compared with Experiment A, Experiment B had a longer impregnation and drying time, which helps to enhance the stability of the coating layer.

[0094] Experiment C: Immersion time was 15 minutes, drying temperature was 35℃, and time was 12 hours. Experiment C had the longest treatment time, resulting in a more robust coating layer, suitable for long-term disease control needs.

[0095] Based on the comprehensive analysis of impregnation and drying conditions, the impregnation and drying times in Experiment C were relatively long, which helped to further stabilize and densify the coating layer structure and improve the sustained-release retention capacity. In contrast, Experiment A had a shorter treatment time and a faster coating layer formation rate, but its structural stability was relatively limited.

[0096] 6. Testing and Comparison Extraction test: The sustained-release performance of the coating layer on plant-derived active ingredients was tested, and the controlled dissolution behavior of matrine and cinnamaldehyde in aqueous media was evaluated.

[0097] Test method: The coated seeds were soaked in distilled water for 24 hours. The extract was sampled and the matrine in the extract was quantitatively analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The content of cinnamaldehyde was determined by HPLC or gas chromatography.

[0098] Test results: In Experiment A, the leaching amount of matrine and cinnamaldehyde in the extract accounted for 35% of the total amount of the seed dressing agent; in Experiment B, the leaching amount of matrine and cinnamaldehyde in the extract accounted for 38% of the total amount of the seed dressing agent; and in Experiment C, the leaching amount of matrine and cinnamaldehyde in the extract accounted for 37% of the total amount of the seed dressing agent.

[0099] The extraction results of all three groups of experiments met the standards, showing a good sustained-release effect, and the dissolution amount did not exceed 40%.

[0100] Coating quality control: testing the uniformity and stability of the coating layer.

[0101] Test method: Difference in weight gain per seed: A batch of coated seeds was sampled, and the difference in weight before and after was measured. The coefficient of variation was then calculated.

[0102] Coating coverage: Calculate the coverage ratio of the coating layer on the coated seeds, which should reach more than 95%.

[0103] Test results: Experiment A showed a 4.8% difference in single-grain weight gain with a coating coverage rate of 95%. Experiment B showed a 4.9% difference in single-grain weight gain with a coating coverage rate of 96%. Experiment C showed a 4.7% difference in single-grain weight gain with a coating coverage rate of 97%.

[0104] The coating quality control was good in all three groups of experiments, and all samples met the requirements of CV≤5% and coverage≥95%.

[0105] Live bacteria content: The number of live bacteria in each experimental formulation was measured to assess the ecological restoration effect.

[0106] Test method: Use plate count or microscopic count to determine the number of viable bacteria per gram of seed dressing agent.

[0107] Test results: The viable count in Experiment A was 1 × 10⁻⁶. 7 CFU / g, viable bacteria count in Experiment B was 1×10⁻⁶ 9 CFU / g, viable bacterial count in experiment C was 1×10⁻⁶ 10 CFU / g.

[0108] Experiment C had the highest number of live bacteria and the strongest biological control effect, making it suitable for higher-intensity ecological restoration needs.

[0109] Coating integrity: Assess the durability and stability of the coating during use.

[0110] Test method: Damage rate: The coated seeds were placed in the soil, and the damage to the coating layer was observed within a certain period of time after sowing.

[0111] Seed coating integrity: Test the integrity of the seed coating layer under soil moisture conditions, requiring no less than 90%.

[0112] Test results: Experiment A: Coating layer damage rate was 3%, and post-sowing integrity was 92%. Experiment B: Coating layer damage rate was 4%, and post-sowing integrity was 94%. Experiment C: Coating layer damage rate was 2%, and post-sowing integrity was 96%.

[0113] Experiment C exhibited the strongest coating integrity and the lowest damage rate, making it suitable for long-term use.

[0114] Based on the above tests and comparisons, the continuous coating layers formed in Experiments A, B, and C all maintained high coating integrity after the experiments, and all met the requirement that the integrity should not be less than 90% under soil moisture conditions after sowing, indicating that different formulations have good stability during continuous use.

[0115] In summary, the experimental results show that Experiment C exhibits superior overall performance in terms of plant-derived active ingredient loading, sustained-release stability, and synergistic effects of live bacteria, making it more suitable for grassland ecological restoration scenarios with high pest and disease pressure and long restoration cycles. Experiment B is suitable for medium-intensity control tasks, providing good sustained-release effects and bioremediation capabilities at a moderate cost. Experiment A is suitable for light control tasks; although it has the lowest cost, its sustained-release and biological control effects are relatively weak, making it suitable for simpler control scenarios. Considering the effects and costs of different experiments, Experiment C is most suitable for high-requirement ecological restoration applications, Experiment B can be used in medium-scale projects, and Experiment A is more suitable for cost-sensitive projects.

[0116] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration, characterized in that, By weight percentage, including: Matrine: 0.3wt%-3wt%; Cinnamaldehyde: 0.3wt%-3wt%; Humic acid: 2wt%-12wt%; Chitosan oligosaccharides: 0.5wt%-6wt%; Bacillus subtilis: 0.05wt%-2wt%, and the viable count in the finished seed dressing is 1×10⁻⁶. 7 CFU / g-1×10 10 CFU / g; Biochar: 5wt%-20wt%; Zeolite: 5wt%-15wt%; Sodium alginate: 1wt%-10wt%; Polyvinyl alcohol: 2wt%-10wt%; Lignosulfonates: 0.2wt%-1.5wt%; Talc: Balance; The sodium alginate and the polyvinyl alcohol form a continuous coating layer on the seed surface, thereby enabling the sustained release of matrine and cinnamaldehyde.

2. The integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The continuous coating layer is a gel network sustained-release layer. The gel network sustained-release layer is formed by sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol forming a continuous phase, and undergoes ionic cross-linking under the action of calcium ions to form a three-dimensional network hydrogel skeleton, which is used to support and restrict the migration of matrine and cinnamaldehyde.

3. The integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calcium ions are provided by a calcium chloride solution that has been sprayed or soaked onto the seed film.

4. The integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gel-like sustained-release layer contains a mesh structure formed by ionic cross-linking, and the matrine and cinnamaldehyde are continuously released through diffusion and gel swelling.

5. The integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The continuous coating layer has a double-layer structure. The inner layer of the double-layer structure contains matrine, cinnamaldehyde, sodium alginate, and polyvinyl alcohol to form a gel network sustained-release layer. The outer layer of the double-layer structure contains Bacillus subtilis and chitosan oligosaccharide to form a protective layer.

6. The integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: Under the condition of water extraction for 24 hours, the total amount of matrine and cinnamaldehyde extracted from the seed dressing agent shall not exceed 40% of the corresponding total amount in the seed dressing agent.

7. The integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coating quality difference of the continuous coating layer, measured by single-grain weight gain, meets the requirements of CV ≤ 5% and coating coverage not less than 95%.

8. The integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer layer further comprises humic acid, and the chitosan oligosaccharide and the humic acid form a composite membrane layer on the outer layer, which encapsulates and isolates the Bacillus subtilis. After absorbing water, it swells to form microporous channels, allowing the Bacillus subtilis to be released from the outer layer and colonize.

9. The integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The continuous coating layer meets at least one of the following criteria: damage rate ≤ 5%, or the coating integrity remains ≥ 90% under soil moisture conditions after sowing until the early stage of planting.

10. The integrated seed dressing agent for grassland pest and disease control and ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of sodium alginate to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:1 to 1:3.

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