Automatic tracking type intelligent laparoscope retractor based on operative field recognition

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of laparoscope retractors, and particularly relates to an automatic tracking type intelligent laparoscope retractor based on surgical field recognition, which comprises a retraction cylinder, a flexible retraction cover, a filling assembly and a traction assembly are arranged in the retraction cylinder, and the traction assembly comprises a traction rod. The traction rod is movably connected with the flexible traction cover and adjusts the opening and closing state of the flexible traction cover, the filling assembly communicates with the flexible traction cover and is used for adding filler into the flexible traction cover, and the filler is added into the flexible traction cover from the tail end and gradually extends upwards for filling. The flexible retraction cover is arranged in the retraction cylinder, so that the flexible retraction cover is gradually expanded outwards from a folded state in the retraction cylinder and is converted into an unfolded state for supporting the abdominal cavity, the non-return assembly is arranged in the retraction cylinder, a non-return groove is formed in the inner wall of the retraction cylinder, and the non-return groove is communicated with the non-return assembly. The plurality of arc-shaped hollow frameworks of the flexible retraction cover are propped against and extruded on the non-return groove by the non-return assembly; a stable and open optical operation space can be created and maintained for the operation of the laparoscope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of laparoscopic retractor technology, specifically relating to an automatic tracking intelligent laparoscopic retractor based on surgical field recognition. Background Technology

[0002] Laparoscopic retractors are key instruments in modern minimally invasive surgery, and their development is inextricably linked to the evolution of laparoscopic surgical techniques. While traditional open surgery provides ample surgical field exposure, it is highly invasive and has a slow recovery. Laparoscopic surgery, performed through tiny openings in the abdominal wall, offers advantages such as minimal trauma, less pain, and faster recovery, but faces challenges such as limited surgical field and difficulty in tissue exposure. Against this backdrop, laparoscopic retractors were developed specifically to safely and effectively dissect or lift organs, fat, or other tissues within the laparoscopic field of vision, thereby clearly exposing the target surgical area. Early laparoscopic surgery relied primarily on pneumatic intraperitoneal pressure and patient positioning to create space, but as surgical complexity increased, specialized retractors became indispensable. Their technological development has progressed from simple blunt-tipped rods and flexible instruments to multi-jointed, lockable, and even intelligent designs with suction or electrocoagulation functions, aiming to achieve precise, stable, and low-damage tissue retraction while reducing surgeon fatigue and optimizing operational efficiency. They have become a crucial supporting tool for propelling laparoscopic surgery towards more complex procedures.

[0003] The introduction of automated tracking intelligent laparoscopes marks a new era of greater intelligence and collaboration in laparoscopic surgery. Through visual recognition and motion control algorithms, these laparoscopes can automatically or semi-automatically lock onto and continuously track the main operating instrument or preset surgical target, actively maintaining it in the center of the image and adjusting it to a suitable visual scale. This significantly reduces the workload of the operator and enhances the stability and continuity of the surgical field of view. However, this highly automated visual tracking function presents a crucial prerequisite for the physical environment within the abdominal cavity: the laparoscope lens requires a relatively isolated and spacious movement space. If the abdominal cavity is small or densely filled with organs such as intestines and omentum, the lens and boom of the intelligent laparoscope are highly susceptible to collisions and friction with surrounding organs as it moves with the main operating instrument. This physical interference prevents the lens from freely and smoothly following commands for translation or rotation, severely obstructing its movement path. The result is not only automatic tracking failure, target loss, or severe image shaking, affecting the smoothness and safety of the surgery; frequent mechanical contact may also increase the risk of tissue damage.

[0004] Therefore, in order to fully leverage the technological advantages of the automatic tracking intelligent laparoscopy and create and maintain a stable and spacious optical operating space, an automatic tracking intelligent laparoscopic retractor based on surgical field recognition is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, this invention provides an automatic tracking intelligent laparoscopic retractor based on surgical field recognition.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: The present invention discloses an automatic tracking intelligent laparoscopic retractor based on surgical field recognition, comprising a retractor cylinder, wherein the retractor cylinder contains a flexible retractor cover, a filling component, and a traction component. The traction component includes a traction rod, which is movably connected to the flexible retractor cover and adjusts the opening and closing state of the flexible retractor cover. The filling component is connected to the flexible retractor cover for adding filling material into the flexible retractor cover. The flexible retractor cover is filled with filling material from its end and gradually extends upward to fill, so that the flexible retractor cover gradually expands outward from the retractor cylinder from a contracted state and transforms into an unfolded state that supports the abdominal cavity.

[0007] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the flexible traction cover includes an annular hollow frame, a plurality of arc-shaped hollow frames and a flexible membrane. The plurality of arc-shaped hollow frames are radially curved based on their connection points with the traction rod. The ends of the plurality of arc-shaped hollow frames are all connected to the annular hollow frame. The flexible membrane is connected between any two adjacent arc-shaped hollow frames. The plurality of arc-shaped hollow frames and the flexible membrane are alternately connected and form an arched cover structure after filling.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the flexible membrane of the flexible pull-out cover is provided with an operation hole.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the traction assembly further includes a threaded sleeve, the traction rod is provided with threads, the flexible traction cover has a through hole in the center and the threaded sleeve is disposed on the through hole, the threaded sleeve is threadedly connected to the traction rod and drives the flexible traction cover to rise and fall as the traction rod rotates.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the traction rod is rotatably mounted on the retraction cylinder, and an enlarged head is provided at the bottom of the traction rod. The bottom of the enlarged head is semi-circular, and the enlarged head contacts or separates from the bottom of the retraction cylinder as the traction rod rises and falls.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the filling assembly includes a winding wheel and a flexible tube. The winding wheel is rotatably disposed on the inner wall of the drawing cylinder. The flexible tube is wound around the winding wheel and one end is connected to a plurality of arc-shaped hollow skeletons and annular hollow skeletons of the flexible drawing cover. The other end of the flexible tube is connected to an external water supply device.

[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a return spring is provided on the winding wheel, the return spring being used to wind and recycle the flexible tube when the flexible retractor is retracted into the retractor cylinder.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention, it also includes a backflow prevention component, which is disposed inside the retraction cylinder. A backflow prevention groove is provided on the inner wall of the retraction cylinder. The backflow prevention component abuts against and presses several arc-shaped hollow skeletons of the flexible retraction cover onto the backflow prevention groove.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the anti-reverse component includes a movable sleeve and a plurality of anti-reverse rods. The movable sleeve is slidably disposed on the traction rod, and the plurality of anti-reverse rods are elastically telescopically disposed on the movable sleeve. A roller is rotatably disposed at the front end of each anti-reverse rod. A plurality of anti-reverse teeth are arranged in a circular array based on the center on the circumferential surface of the roller. The anti-reverse teeth are made of flexible material and abut against the inner side of the anti-reverse groove.

[0015] As a further aspect of the present invention, it also includes a lighting lamp, which is disposed on the inner wall of the retracting cylinder, and the flexible retracting cover is filled with a scattering liquid and the light is scattered by the lighting lamp.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By folding the flexible retraction cover inside the retraction tube, and then inserting the retraction tube into the abdominal cavity through a puncture hole opened during the operation, the flexible retraction cover is gradually unfolded outward inside the abdominal cavity. The specific unfolding method of the flexible retraction cover is to inject gas or liquid into the flexible retraction cover, so that the flexible retraction cover is expanded by the gas or liquid inside the retraction tube and unfolded outward under the mutual squeezing and pushing action until it is completely unfolded inside the abdominal cavity to form a flexible retraction cover supported in the abdominal cavity. The top and sides of the flexible retraction cover push aside the internal organs and abdominal wall in the abdominal cavity, exposing the lesion under the flexible retraction cover. The laparoscope and scalpel are inserted under the flexible retraction cover through other puncture holes in the abdomen to perform surgical operations. Thus, the flexible retraction cover can create and maintain a stable and spacious optical operating space for the laparoscope, and can avoid the problem of air leakage and the need for continuous gas replenishment caused by filling the abdominal cavity with gas in the prior art. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention in its folded state; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention in its unfolded state; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 4 This is a top view of the flexible pull-out cover of the present invention; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Pulling cylinder; 2. Traction rod; 3. Annular hollow frame; 4. Movable sleeve; 5. Roller; 6. Flexible tube; 7. Lighting lamp; 8. Enlarged head; 9. Arc-shaped hollow frame; 10. Operating hole. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided.

[0020] Because automated tracking intelligent laparoscopes utilize visual recognition and motion control algorithms, they can automatically or semi-automatically lock onto and continuously track the main operating instrument or preset surgical target, actively maintaining it in the center of the image and adjusting it to a suitable visual scale. This significantly reduces the manual burden on the laparoscope operator and enhances the stability and continuity of the surgical field of view. However, this highly automated visual tracking function presents a critical prerequisite for the physical environment within the abdominal cavity: the laparoscope lens requires a relatively isolated and spacious movement space within the abdominal cavity. If the abdominal cavity is small or tightly filled with organs such as intestines and omentum, the lens and boom of the intelligent laparoscope are highly susceptible to collisions and friction with surrounding organs when moving with the main operating instrument. This physical interference prevents the lens from freely and smoothly following commands for translation or rotation, severely obstructing its movement path. The result is not only automatic tracking failure, target loss, or severe image shaking, affecting the smoothness and safety of the surgery; frequent mechanical contact may also increase the risk of tissue damage.

[0021] like Figures 1-4 As shown, in order to fully leverage the technical advantages of the automatic tracking intelligent laparoscopy and create and maintain a stable and spacious optical operating space, the present invention provides an automatic tracking intelligent laparoscopic retractor based on surgical field recognition, comprising a retractor cylinder 1. The retractor cylinder 1 contains a flexible retractor cover, a filling component, and a traction component. The traction component includes a traction rod 2, which is movably connected to the flexible retractor cover and adjusts the opening and closing state of the flexible retractor cover. The filling component is connected to the flexible retractor cover and is used to add filling material into the flexible retractor cover. The flexible retractor cover is filled from the end and gradually extends upwards, so that the flexible retractor cover gradually expands outwards from the retractor cylinder 1 from a contracted state and transforms into an unfolded state that supports the abdominal cavity.

[0022] By retracting the flexible retraction shield inside the retraction tube 1, and then inserting the retraction tube 1 into the abdominal cavity through a puncture port opened during the operation, the flexible retraction shield is gradually unfolded outward within the abdominal cavity. The specific unfolding method of the flexible retraction shield is to inject gas or liquid into the flexible retraction shield, causing the flexible retraction shield to be expanded by the gas or liquid inside the retraction tube 1, and unfolding outward under the mutual squeezing and pushing action, until it is completely unfolded inside the abdominal cavity, forming a flexible retraction shield that supports the abdominal cavity. The top and sides of the flexible retraction shield push aside the internal organs and abdominal wall in the abdominal cavity, exposing the lesion below the flexible retraction shield. The laparoscope and scalpel are then inserted under the flexible retraction shield through other puncture ports in the abdomen to perform surgical operations. The flexible retraction shield can create and maintain a stable and spacious optical operating space for the laparoscope, and can avoid the problem of air leakage and the need for continuous gas replenishment that is common in existing technologies that involve filling the abdominal cavity with gas.

[0023] To enable the flexible retractable cover to be injected with gas or liquid, it needs an enclosed space inside to accommodate the gas or liquid. Therefore, as a further aspect of the invention, the flexible retractable cover includes an annular hollow frame 3, several arc-shaped hollow frames 9, and a flexible membrane. The arc-shaped hollow frames 9 are radially curved based on their connection points with the retractable rods. The ends of each arc-shaped hollow frame 9 are connected to the annular hollow frame 3. The flexible membrane is connected between any two adjacent arc-shaped hollow frames 9. The arc-shaped hollow frames 9 and the flexible membrane are alternately connected and, after filling, form an arched cover-like structure. An operating hole 10 is provided on the flexible membrane of the flexible retractable cover. The arc-shaped hollow skeleton 9 and the annular hollow skeleton 3 are made of flexible material, and are hollow and interconnected internally. After the annular hollow skeleton 3 unfolds at the bottom, several arc-shaped hollow skeletons 9 are evenly distributed, while the arc-shaped hollow skeletons 9 are filled and bulge to form an arched support. The flexible membrane is used to connect the arc-shaped hollow skeletons 9 and the corresponding positions of the annular hollow skeleton 3, so that the arc-shaped hollow skeletons 9 and the annular hollow skeleton 3 form a whole. In addition, during abdominal surgery, the laparoscope and scalpel need to be inserted into the abdominal cavity on the same side of the flexible retraction cover. Therefore, an operating hole 10 needs to be opened on the flexible membrane of the flexible retraction cover, so that the operating hole 10 corresponds to the puncture hole in the abdomen. During the operation, the laparoscope and scalpel are inserted under the flexible retraction cover through the operating hole 10 to perform the surgical operation.

[0024] The outer wall of the retraction tube 1 is also provided with a fixing cover. The fixing cover is used to fit against the abdominal surface when the retraction tube 1 is inserted into the abdomen to limit the depth of the retraction tube 1 into the abdomen, and to stabilize the retraction tube 1 and prevent the retraction tube 1 from swinging randomly during the operation.

[0025] It also includes a lighting lamp 7, which is installed on the inner wall of the retraction cylinder 1. The flexible retraction cover is filled with a light-scattering liquid, and the light is scattered by the lighting lamp 7. The liquid filling the flexible retraction cover may contain a liquid or powder capable of producing light scattering. The lighting lamp 7 illuminates the flexible retraction cover, causing the light from the lighting lamp 7 to scatter from the retraction cylinder 1 and extend to all parts of the flexible retraction cover, providing omnidirectional illumination to the area below the flexible retraction cover. Therefore, the flexible retraction cover needs to be made of a transparent, flexible material.

[0026] In the above embodiments, the center point of the flexible retraction cover is at the top of the retraction cylinder 1 when it is folded up, while the annular hollow skeleton 3 of the flexible retraction cover is at the bottom of the retraction cylinder 1. After the flexible retraction cover is unfolded, the center point slides from the top to the bottom, and the annular hollow skeleton 3 unfolds to the outside. After the operation is completed, the flexible retraction cover needs to be folded back into the retraction cylinder 1. For this purpose, an auxiliary structure that can retract the flexible retraction cylinder 1 is required. Therefore, in one embodiment, the traction assembly also includes a screw sleeve. The retraction rod is provided with threads. The center of the flexible retraction cover is provided with a through hole and the screw sleeve is provided on the through hole. The screw sleeve is threadedly connected to the traction rod 2 and drives the flexible retraction cover to rise and fall as the traction rod 2 rotates.

[0027] After the threaded sleeve is fitted onto the traction rod 2, it can rise and fall with the rotation of the traction rod 2. Conversely, the rising and falling of the threaded sleeve can drive the traction rod 2 to rotate. Therefore, during the process of the flexible retraction cover gradually unfolding from inside the retraction cylinder 1 to outside the retraction cylinder 1, the traction rod 2 will rotate along with the rising and falling of the threaded sleeve on the flexible retraction cover. The top of the traction rod 2 can be used to control the rotation speed of the traction rod 2, thereby coordinating with the speed of the liquid injected into the flexible retraction cover by the water supply device, and avoiding the flexible retraction cover unfolding too quickly or too slowly. When the flexible retraction cover needs to be retracted after the operation is completed, the traction rod 2 can be rotated in the opposite direction to pull the center of the flexible retraction cover from the bottom of the retraction cylinder 1 to the top of the retraction cylinder 1, and the annular hollow skeleton 3 at the bottom of the flexible retraction cover will be completely retracted into the retraction cylinder 1, completing the retrieval of the flexible retraction cover.

[0028] As a further aspect of the present invention, to facilitate the insertion and removal of the retraction cylinder 1 through the puncture hole into the abdomen, and to facilitate the unfolding of the flexible retraction cover from inside the retraction cylinder 1 to the outside, a traction rod 2 is rotatably mounted on the retraction cylinder 1. An enlarged head 8 is provided at the bottom of the traction rod 2, the bottom of which is semi-circular. The enlarged head 8 contacts or separates from the bottom of the retraction cylinder 1 as the traction rod 2 rises and falls. After the flexible retraction cover is retrieved, the traction rod 2 is finally raised so that the enlarged head 8 at the bottom of the traction rod 2 abuts against the bottom of the retraction cylinder 1, and then the retraction cylinder 1 is removed from the puncture hole in the abdomen.

[0029] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the filling assembly includes a winding wheel and a flexible tube 6. The winding wheel is rotatably disposed on the inner wall of the drawing cylinder 1. The flexible tube 6 is wound around the winding wheel and one end is connected to a plurality of arc-shaped hollow skeletons 9 and annular hollow skeletons 3 of the flexible drawing cover. The other end of the flexible tube 6 is connected to an external water supply device.

[0030] The take-up reel has a small water storage chamber inside. A flexible tube 6 is connected to the outlet of this chamber, while another water supply pipe is connected to the inlet of the chamber and leads to the outside of the retraction cylinder 1. This water supply pipe is also wound around the take-up reel. As the flexible tube 6 extends out of the retraction cylinder 1 with the flexible retraction cover unfolding, the water supply pipe gradually winds into the take-up reel, preventing it from swinging freely during rotation. Conversely, as the flexible tube 6 retracts with the flexible retraction cover, it is released back onto the take-up reel. The flexible tube 6 extends from the bottom of the retraction cylinder 1 and connects to the outside of the flexible retraction cover, preventing it from interfering with the surgical field of view inside the cover.

[0031] As a further aspect of the present invention, a return spring is provided on the winding wheel. The return spring is used to wind and recycle the flexible tube 6 when the flexible drawer is retracted into the drawer cylinder 1. When the flexible drawer is unfolded, it can pull the flexible tube 6 out against the elastic force of the return spring, and when the flexible drawer is retracted, the return spring causes the winding wheel to rotate in the opposite direction to rewind and recycle the flexible tube 6.

[0032] In the above embodiments, the flexible retraction cover needs to gradually unfold from the inside of the retraction cylinder 1 to the outside. However, when the retraction cylinder 1 enters the abdominal cavity through the abdominal puncture hole, there is not yet enough space in the abdominal cavity for operation. Therefore, if the flexible retraction cover is displayed in a manner similar to opening an umbrella, it may not be able to unfold due to obstruction by internal organs, or forcibly squeezing the organs to unfold may cause organ damage. To avoid this problem, as a further solution of the present invention, a backflow prevention component is also included. The backflow prevention component is disposed inside the retraction cylinder 1, and a backflow prevention groove is provided on the inner wall of the retraction cylinder 1. The backflow prevention component abuts against and presses several arc-shaped hollow skeletons 9 of the flexible retraction cover onto the backflow prevention groove. The backflow prevention component includes a movable sleeve 4 and several backflow prevention rods. The movable sleeve 4 is slidably disposed on the traction rod 2, and several backflow prevention rods are elastically telescopically disposed on the movable sleeve 4. A roller 5 is rotatably disposed at the front end of the backflow prevention rods. Several backflow prevention teeth are arranged in a circular array based on the center on the circumferential surface of the roller 5. The backflow prevention teeth are made of flexible material and abut against the inner side of the backflow prevention groove.

[0033] The anti-reverse component prevents the liquid inside the arc-shaped hollow frame 9 of the flexible retractor below from flowing back to the top of the retractor 1, causing the arc-shaped hollow frame 9 to be over-compressed and unable to extend out of the retractor 1. Therefore, the anti-reverse component blocks the liquid inside the arc-shaped hollow frame 9 below. When the arc-shaped hollow frame 9 and the annular hollow frame 3 below the anti-reverse component are filled with liquid, they will compress each other and expand outward under the synchronous operation of the traction rod 2. Then, the part of the flexible retractor above the anti-reverse component will be gradually pulled to the bottom and gradually filled with liquid or gas. The movable sleeve 4 is slidably connected to the traction rod 2. Since the movable sleeve 4 is connected to the anti-reverse rod, when the anti-reverse rod abuts in the anti-reverse groove, the movable sleeve 4 will remain at the height position of the anti-reverse groove. When the flexible opening cover is pulled downward, the roller 5 at the front end of the anti-reverse rod will contract a certain amount as the flexible opening cover is pulled to facilitate the movement of the flexible opening cover. When the flexible opening cover is stationary, the anti-reverse rod will push the roller 5 to abut the flexible opening cover against the anti-reverse groove to prevent the liquid below from flowing back.

[0034] When roller 5 abuts against the anti-reverse groove, the anti-reverse teeth on roller 5 are set in the direction that the flexible pull-out cover slides downward on the anti-reverse groove. That is, when the flexible pull-out cover slides downward between roller 5 and the anti-reverse groove, since the anti-reverse teeth can be made of flexible rubber and the rotation direction of roller 5 is in the same direction as the inclination of the anti-reverse teeth, the resistance after the anti-reverse teeth are squeezed and deformed between the anti-reverse teeth and the inner edge of the anti-reverse groove is small. When the flexible pull-out cover is stationary, the rotation direction of roller 5 causes the anti-reverse teeth to press the flexible pull-out cover against the inside of the anti-reverse groove in the opposite direction. This makes it impossible for the pressure of the liquid below the anti-reverse teeth on the anti-reverse teeth to deform the anti-reverse teeth, and thus prevents backflow. After the surgery, the traction rod 2 is rotated in the reverse direction. The traction rod 2 pulls up the flexible retraction cover through the screw sleeve. At this point, the force exerted by the flexible retraction cover on the anti-reverse teeth is different from the force exerted by the liquid inside the flexible retraction cover squeezing the anti-reverse teeth. Under the traction of the traction rod 2, the flexible retraction cover compresses the anti-reverse rod and retracts, separating the anti-reverse teeth from the anti-reverse groove. The flexible retraction cover can then be raised and retracted until it is completely retracted into the retraction cylinder 1. The bottom of the retraction cylinder 1 is then sealed by the enlarged head 8 at the bottom of the traction rod 2, and the retraction cylinder 1 is removed from the abdomen, completing the surgical procedure. Therefore, under the action of the anti-reverse groove and anti-reverse rod, the flexible retraction cover can gradually extend and unfold along the abdominal wall, gradually separating the abdominal wall from the organs. Furthermore, after the liquid is injected, the flexible retraction cover forms an arch shape to support the abdominal cavity.

[0035] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic tracking intelligent laparoscopic retractor based on surgical field recognition, characterized in that: The device includes a retraction cylinder, which contains a flexible retraction cover, a filling component, and a traction component. The traction component includes a traction rod, which is movably connected to the flexible retraction cover and adjusts the opening and closing state of the flexible retraction cover. The filling component is connected to the flexible retraction cover and is used to add filling material into the flexible retraction cover. The flexible retraction cover is filled from its end and gradually extends upwards, causing the flexible retraction cover to gradually expand outwards from its contracted state within the retraction cylinder and transform into an expanded state that supports the abdominal cavity.

2. The automatic tracking intelligent laparoscopic retractor based on surgical field recognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible traction cover includes an annular hollow frame, several arc-shaped hollow frames, and a flexible membrane. The several arc-shaped hollow frames are radially curved based on their connection points with the traction rods. The ends of the several arc-shaped hollow frames are all connected to the annular hollow frame. The flexible membrane is connected between any two adjacent arc-shaped hollow frames. The several arc-shaped hollow frames and the flexible membrane are alternately connected and form an arched cover structure after filling.

3. The automatic tracking intelligent laparoscopic retractor based on surgical field recognition according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flexible membrane of the flexible pull-out cover has an operating hole.

4. The automatic tracking intelligent laparoscopic retractor based on surgical field recognition according to claim 2, characterized in that: The traction assembly also includes a threaded sleeve. The traction rod is provided with threads. The flexible traction cover has a through hole in the center and the threaded sleeve is disposed on the through hole. The threaded sleeve is threadedly connected to the traction rod and drives the flexible traction cover to rise and fall as the traction rod rotates.

5. The automatic tracking intelligent laparoscopic retractor based on surgical field recognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traction rod is rotatably mounted on the retraction cylinder. An enlarged head is provided at the bottom of the traction rod. The bottom of the enlarged head is semi-circular. The enlarged head contacts or separates from the bottom of the retraction cylinder as the traction rod rises and falls.

6. The automatic tracking intelligent laparoscopic retractor based on surgical field recognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filling assembly includes a take-up reel and a flexible tube. The take-up reel is rotatably disposed on the inner wall of the drawing cylinder. The flexible tube is wound around the take-up reel and one end is connected to several arc-shaped hollow skeletons and annular hollow skeletons of the flexible drawing cover. The other end of the flexible tube is connected to an external water supply device.

7. The automatic tracking intelligent laparoscopic retractor based on surgical field recognition according to claim 6, characterized in that: The winding wheel is equipped with a return spring, which is used to wind and recycle the flexible tube when the flexible traction cover is retracted into the traction cylinder.

8. The automatic tracking intelligent laparoscopic retractor based on surgical field recognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a backflow prevention component, which is disposed inside the retraction cylinder. The retraction cylinder has a backflow prevention groove on its inner wall. The backflow prevention component abuts against and presses several arc-shaped hollow skeletons of the flexible retraction cover onto the backflow prevention groove.

9. The automatic tracking intelligent laparoscopic retractor based on surgical field recognition according to claim 8, characterized in that: The anti-reverse component includes a movable sleeve and several anti-reverse rods. The movable sleeve is slidably disposed on the traction rod, and the several anti-reverse rods are elastically telescopically disposed on the movable sleeve. A roller is rotatably disposed at the front end of each anti-reverse rod. Several anti-reverse teeth are arranged in a circular array based on the center on the circumference of the roller. The anti-reverse teeth are made of flexible material and abut against the inner side of the anti-reverse groove.

10. The automatic tracking intelligent laparoscopic retractor based on surgical field recognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a lighting lamp, which is disposed on the inner wall of the retracting cylinder. The flexible retracting cover is filled with a scattering liquid and the light is scattered by the lighting lamp.

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