Flexible X-ray protective fabric, preparation method and composite fabric

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of textiles, and particularly relates to a flexible X-ray protective fabric, a preparation method and a composite fabric. Mixing bismuth oxide, polyacrylonitrile, N, N-dimethylformamide and polyethylene glycol to obtain an electrostatic spinning solution; a nanofiber membrane is prepared through conventional electrostatic spinning; meanwhile, conductive silver yarn serves as core yarn, the electrostatic spinning solution serves as a shell layer, core-shell structure yarn is prepared through coaxial electrostatic spinning, and the obtained yarn is woven to obtain the flexible X-ray protective fabric. The overall structure of the composite fabric sequentially comprises the lining layer, the buffer layer, the X-ray protection fabric layer, the nanofiber membrane protection layer, the supporting layer, the heat preservation layer and the waterproof layer from inside to outside, lead is replaced with bismuth oxide, the material is more environmentally friendly, the mechanical machinability and stability of the material are improved, and the service life of the material is prolonged. The X-ray protection fabric layer and the nanofiber membrane protection layer are overlapped, so that the protection performance of the composite fabric is more excellent. The fabric provided by the invention has excellent protection performance and wearable performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of textile technology, and particularly relates to a flexible X-ray protective fabric, its preparation method, and a composite fabric. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasingly widespread application of X-ray technology in medical diagnosis, industrial flaw detection, and scientific research, radiation protection has become a growing concern. Long-term or excessive X-ray radiation can cause serious damage to human health and even induce cancer. Therefore, providing efficient and comfortable protective equipment for relevant personnel is crucial.

[0003] Traditional X-ray protection materials mainly rely on lead-containing rubber or lead-containing plastics. Lead, due to its high atomic number (Z=82) and high density, has a good shielding effect. However, lead is highly toxic, heavy, and hard, making traditional lead protective clothing bulky, inflexible to wear, and poorly breathable, seriously affecting the user's comfort and operational flexibility, and posing an environmental pollution risk after disposal.

[0004] In recent years, lead-free protective materials, represented by bismuth (Z=83) and its compounds (such as bismuth oxide), have become a research hotspot. Bismuth oxide possesses shielding performance similar to lead, and is non-toxic and environmentally friendly, earning it the reputation of a "green shielding material." Existing technologies include methods for preparing shielding materials by blending bismuth oxide powder with polymer matrices (such as rubber and resin), or by preparing bismuth oxide-containing nanofiber membranes through electrospinning. However, these materials often suffer from the following problems: firstly, their single-layer structure limits shielding efficiency, making it difficult to achieve high protection levels while maintaining thinness and lightness; secondly, the high proportion of inorganic fillers in the polymer matrix easily leads to material embrittlement, resulting in insufficient flexibility and mechanical strength. Therefore, developing a composite fabric that integrates high-efficiency lead-free protection, excellent flexibility, good wearing comfort, and durability is a pressing technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a flexible X-ray protective fabric, a preparation method, and a composite fabric, which has good X-ray shielding effect and mechanical processability and stability.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, this application provides a method for preparing a flexible X-ray protective fabric, comprising: Bismuth oxide, polyacrylonitrile, solvent and dispersant are mixed to obtain an electrospinning solution; Core-shell structure yarns were prepared by coaxial electrospinning using conductive silver yarn as the core yarn and electrospinning solution as the shell layer. The core-shell structure yarn is woven to prepare the flexible X-ray protective fabric.

[0007] Optionally, the mass ratio of bismuth oxide, polyacrylonitrile, solvent and dispersant is (0.8-1.2):(1.0-1.4):(8.6-9.0):(0.25-0.35).

[0008] Optionally, the electrospinning process parameters are: voltage 4.5-5.5 kV, shell spinning solution pump flow rate 0.10-0.14 mL / h, core yarn moving speed 0.8-1.2 mm / s, and collection rotation speed 140-180 rpm.

[0009] Optionally, the parameters of the weaving process are: warp density 35-65 threads / cm, weft density 25-45 threads / cm.

[0010] Optionally, the solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, and / or the dispersant is polyethylene glycol.

[0011] Secondly, this application also provides a flexible X-ray protective fabric, which is prepared by the method described in the first aspect.

[0012] Thirdly, this application also provides a flexible X-ray protective composite fabric, comprising an inner lining layer, a buffer layer, the flexible X-ray protective fabric described in the second aspect, a nanofiber membrane layer, a support layer, a heat insulation layer, and a waterproof layer stacked sequentially. The preparation of the nanofiber membrane includes: mixing bismuth oxide, polyacrylonitrile, solvent and dispersant to obtain a spinning solution; and electrospinning the spinning solution to obtain a nanofiber membrane.

[0013] Optionally, the thickness of the flexible X-ray protective fabric and / or the nanofiber membrane is 0.8-1.2 mm.

[0014] Optionally, the inner lining layer is made of polyester-cotton blend fabric; and / or, the cushioning layer is made of PU foam; and / or, the support layer is made of aramid fabric; and / or, the insulation layer is made of aerogel composite cotton; and / or, the waterproof layer is made of thermoplastic polyurethane.

[0015] Optionally, when preparing nanofiber membranes, the electrospinning process parameters are: voltage 15-18 kV, pump flow rate 0.10-0.14 mL / h, and collection rotation speed 160-200 rpm.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: This invention completely replaces toxic lead with bismuth oxide, uses conductive silver yarn as the core yarn and electrospinning solution as the shell layer, and prepares a core-shell structure yarn through coaxial electrospinning. The shielding function is given to the flexible yarn, which is then woven into a fabric. This significantly improves the mechanical processability and stability of the material. The shell layer has a larger contact area with X-rays, resulting in excellent protective performance of the flexible X-ray protective fabric.

[0017] The fabric employs two electrospun forms—nanofiber membrane and core-shell structured yarn fabric—to construct a dual X-ray protection layer. Through a multi-layer design of the composite fabric, it achieves multiple functions: a skin-friendly inner lining provides a comfortable touch and breathability; a cushioning layer increases softness and provides shock absorption; and an insulation and waterproof layer allows the fabric to adapt to more complex environments, giving it excellent protective performance and wearability. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the flexible X-ray protective composite fabric in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the core-shell structure yarn in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible X-ray protective fabric structure prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, where a is a physical image, b is an electron microscope image, and c is a distribution map of Bi elements on the fabric surface. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the nanofiber membrane structure prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, where a is a physical image, b is an electron microscope image, and c is a distribution diagram of Bi elements on the surface of the nanofiber membrane. In the diagram: 1. Inner lining layer; 2. Buffer layer; 3. Flexible X-ray protective fabric; 4. Nanofiber membrane layer; 5. Support layer; 6. Thermal insulation layer; 7. Waterproof layer. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of this invention are all conventional methods.

[0020] All reagents and materials used in this example can be purchased routinely. The quantitative experiments involved in the examples were all repeated at least three times, and the results were averaged.

[0021] The sources of raw materials are shown in Table 1.

[0022] Table 1: Sources of Raw Materials

[0023] Example 1

[0024] A flexible X-ray protective composite fabric, the preparation method of which is as follows: 1. Weigh 1.2 g of polyacrylonitrile and add it to 8.8 g of N,N-dimethylformamide. Stir magnetically at 60°C for 3 hours until completely dissolved. Then add 0.3 g of polyethylene glycol and continue stirring for 2 hours. Finally, add 1.0 g of bismuth oxide powder, stir mechanically for 1 hour, and then ultrasonically disperse for 30 minutes to obtain a uniform and stable spinning solution.

[0025] 2. Inject the spinning solution into the electrospinning apparatus. Set the process parameters as follows: temperature 25±2 ℃, air humidity 35±5% RH, positive and negative high voltage both 16.5 kV, spinning solution propulsion pump flow rate 0.12 mL / h, receiving drum speed 180 rpm. The resulting nanofiber membrane layer 4 has the following structure: Figure 4 As shown, its average thickness is approximately 1.0 mm.

[0026] 3. Using a coaxial electrospinning apparatus, with the above-mentioned spinning solution as the shell solution and conductive silver yarn as the core yarn, the yarn passes through the center of the needle at a constant speed of 1.0 mm / s. The process parameters are set as follows: temperature 25±2 ℃, air humidity 35±5% RH, voltage 5.0 kV, shell solution pump flow rate 0.12 mL / h, and receiving end rotation speed 160 rpm. A core-shell structure yarn (diameter 0.2 mm) is obtained, with the cross-sectional structure shown below. Figure 2 As shown; the obtained core-shell structure yarn is woven into a fabric with a warp density of 50 threads / cm and a weft density of 35 threads / cm, resulting in a fabric layer with a thickness of approximately 0.33 mm. Three layers of this fabric are then laminated together to obtain flexible X-ray protective fabric 3, the structure of which is shown in the diagram. Figure 3 As shown, the thickness is approximately 1 mm.

[0027] 4. Prepare other functional layers: Inner lining layer 1 uses 71 g / m 2 The first layer is a polyester-cotton blend fabric with a thickness of 0.15 mm; the second layer is a 45 PPI PU foam with a thickness of 0.5 mm; the third layer is a 60 g / m² PU foam. 2 The aramid fabric has a thickness of 0.15 mm; the insulation layer 6 is made of aerogel composite cotton with a thermal conductivity of about 0.014 W / (m·K) and a thickness of 0.5 mm; the waterproof layer 7 is made of thermoplastic polyurethane film with a thickness of 0.1 mm.

[0028] 5. Lay the materials in the following order from bottom to top: inner lining layer 1, buffer layer 2, flexible X-ray protective fabric 3, nanofiber membrane layer 4, support layer 5, insulation layer 6, and waterproof layer 7. Use a dot-matrix hot-melt bonding method to process the laid materials to obtain an integrated flexible X-ray protective composite fabric (where the main X-ray protective components are flexible X-ray protective fabric 3 and nanofiber membrane layer 4, with flexible X-ray protective fabric 3 + nanofiber membrane layer 4 forming the protective layer, and the protective layer thickness is 2mm). Its cross-sectional structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0029] Comparative Example 1: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that a nanofiber membrane layer with the same thickness as the flexible X-ray protective fabric 3 is used instead of the flexible X-ray protective fabric 3.

[0030] Comparative Example 2: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that a flexible X-ray protective fabric 3 with the same thickness as the nanofiber membrane 4 is used instead of the nanofiber membrane 4.

[0031] The performance of the fabrics in the embodiments and comparative examples of this application was tested, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0032] The testing method is as follows: Thickness: The thickness of the sample is measured using a micrometer. The measuring instrument is calibrated before testing to ensure measurement accuracy. The sample is placed flat between the measuring ends of the micrometer, and multiple measurements are taken at different locations. The average value d is taken as the thickness of the sample.

[0033] Transmittance and shielding efficiency: Referring to YY / T 0292.1—2020 "Medical Diagnostic X-ray Radiation Protection Apparatus Part 1: Determination of Material Attenuation Performance", the TK30 ionization chamber and PTW Tango working dosimeter were used as the main measuring equipment. The test conditions were set as follows: tube voltage 120 kV and 2.50 mm Al equivalent filtration. The samples were cut to 10 cm × 10 cm according to the standard requirements, and their surface condition was checked before testing to ensure that the samples were flat and free of obvious creases or defects, so as to reduce the influence of geometric factors on the test results and obtain the transmittance φ and shielding efficiency.

[0034] Linear attenuation coefficient , where φ represents transmittance and d represents thickness.

[0035] Half-value layer .

[0036] Table 2: Comparison of Fabric Performance

[0037] As shown in Table 2, under the conditions of 120 kV and 2.5 mm Al filtration, Example 1 outperforms the single-structure material in terms of X-ray shielding performance. Specifically, the transmittance of the composite fabric is 22.10%, significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 1 (32.1%) and Comparative Example 2 (27.2%), indicating that it has a stronger ability to block and absorb X-rays, effectively improving the overall protection level of the material.

[0038] The linear attenuation coefficient of the composite fabric in Example 1 is 7.55 cm. -1 The value was significantly higher than that of control sample 1 (5.68 cm). -1 ) and Comparative Example 2 (6.51 cm) -1 The linear attenuation coefficient reflects the material's ability to reduce X-ray intensity per unit thickness; the higher the value, the better the material's shielding performance. The half-value layer thickness in Example 1 is only 0.092 cm, significantly lower than Comparative Example 1 (0.122 cm) and Comparative Example 2 (0.106 cm), indicating that the composite fabric can achieve the same X-ray attenuation effect with a smaller thickness, demonstrating high protection efficiency and material utilization.

[0039] Comparative Example 1 uses only a single nanofiber membrane structure for protection, and its overall attenuation process mainly occurs along the thickness direction, resulting in a short effective propagation path for X-rays within the material. Comparative Example 2's flexible X-ray shielding fabric structure extends the actual propagation path of photons, but it still inevitably contains inter-yarn pores and fabric through-holes, forming geometric leakage paths for X-rays. Example 1, however, combines a nanofiber membrane with a three-dimensional flexible X-ray shielding fabric structure woven from yarns, constructing a composite shielding system that combines density and structural tortuosity. The three-dimensional interlaced structure of the fabric causes multiple deflections of X-rays within the material, significantly extending the actual propagation path of photons and improving the effective utilization rate of bismuth oxide in the thickness direction. The nanofiber membrane effectively seals and interrupts the unavoidable through-holes and leakage paths in the fabric, improving the continuity and uniformity of bismuth oxide distribution in the thickness direction. The synergistic effect of the above structures enhances the probability of interaction between X-rays and materials. Therefore, under the same thickness conditions, Example 1 exhibits lower transmittance and higher effective linear attenuation capability, and its overall shielding performance is better than that of a single nanofiber membrane or a single fabric structure.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a flexible X-ray protective fabric, characterized in that, include: Bismuth oxide, polyacrylonitrile, solvent and dispersant are mixed to obtain an electrospinning solution; Core-shell structure yarns were prepared by coaxial electrospinning using conductive silver yarn as the core yarn and electrospinning solution as the shell layer. The core-shell structure yarn is woven to prepare the flexible X-ray protective fabric.

2. The method for preparing the flexible X-ray protective fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of bismuth oxide, polyacrylonitrile, solvent and dispersant is (0.8-1.2):(1.0-1.4):(8.6-9.0):(0.25-0.35).

3. The method for preparing the flexible X-ray protective fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrospinning process parameters are as follows: voltage 4.5-5.5 kV, shell spinning solution pump flow rate 0.10-0.14 mL / h, core yarn moving speed 0.8-1.2 mm / s, and collection rotation speed 140-180 rpm.

4. The method for preparing the flexible X-ray protective fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parameters of the weaving process are: warp density 35-65 threads / cm, weft density 25-45 threads / cm.

5. A flexible X-ray protective fabric, characterized in that, It is prepared by the method described in any one of claims 1-4.

6. A flexible X-ray protective composite fabric, characterized in that, It includes an inner lining layer, a buffer layer, the flexible X-ray protective fabric as described in claim 5, a nanofiber membrane layer, a support layer, a thermal insulation layer, and a waterproof layer, which are stacked in sequence. The preparation of the nanofiber membrane includes: mixing bismuth oxide, polyacrylonitrile, solvent and dispersant to obtain a spinning solution; and electrospinning the spinning solution to obtain a nanofiber membrane.

7. The flexible X-ray protective composite fabric according to claim 6, characterized in that, The thickness of the flexible X-ray protective fabric and / or the nanofiber membrane is 0.8-1.2 mm.

8. The flexible X-ray protective composite fabric according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner lining layer is made of polyester-cotton blended fabric; and / or, the cushioning layer is made of PU foam; and / or, the support layer is made of aramid fabric; and / or, the insulation layer is made of aerogel composite cotton; and / or, the waterproof layer is made of thermoplastic polyurethane.

9. The flexible X-ray protective composite fabric according to claim 6, characterized in that, When preparing nanofiber membranes, the electrospinning process parameters for electrospinning using spinning solution are: voltage 15-18 kV, pump flow rate 0.10-0.14 mL / h, and collection rotation speed 160-200 rpm.

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