Water delivery and power generation system suitable for pumped storage power station transformed from open pit in soft rock area

Abstract

The invention discloses a water delivery and power generation system suitable for a pumped storage power station transformed from a strip mine pit in a soft rock area. The water delivery and power generation system comprises an upper reservoir, an upper reservoir vertical shaft type water inlet / outlet system, a water diversion vertical shaft section, a water diversion horizontal section, a power plant system, a tail horizontal section, a tail water vertical shaft section, a lower reservoir vertical shaft type water inlet / outlet system and a lower reservoir. The overall arrangement that the vertical shaft type water conveying system and the semi-underground powerhouse are combined is innovatively adopted, complex and staggered underground roadways and goaf under a mine pit are effectively avoided, the limitation that a large underground powerhouse cannot be built under the geological condition is overcome, and structural safety and stable operation of the system under the soft rock geological condition are ensured; the key technical problem of transforming the open pit into the pumped storage power station is solved, resource utilization of the abandoned pit is achieved, the site selection range of the pumped storage power station is expanded, and remarkable social, economic and environmental benefits are achieved. The system can be widely applied to engineering practice of pumped storage power station reconstruction and construction of open pit coal mines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the interdisciplinary technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering and mine geological environment restoration and resource utilization, specifically relating to a water conveyance and power generation system suitable for converting open-pit mines in soft rock areas into pumped storage power stations. Background Technology

[0002] Pumped storage power stations are currently the most technologically mature and widely used large-scale energy storage power stations, playing an irreplaceable role in ensuring grid stability and absorbing new energy sources. However, their development is severely limited by site selection conditions, typically requiring locations with specific geographical elevation differences and favorable topographic and geological conditions, leading to an increasing scarcity of high-quality sites.

[0003] At the same time, there are currently a large number of abandoned open-pit mines formed by mining. Their huge spatial volume and potential elevation differences provide the possibility of transforming them into upper and lower reservoirs. Turning them into valuable resources and converting them into pumped-storage power stations can not only achieve comprehensive management of the mining environment, but also effectively alleviate the site selection pressure of pumped-storage power stations, with significant social, economic and environmental benefits.

[0004] However, putting this concept into practice faces enormous technical challenges, especially for open-pit mines in soft rock areas. These mines not only have complex terrain and low-strength, easily weathered rock masses, but more importantly, their underlying and surrounding areas often contain intricate and irregularly distributed underground goafs and tunnel systems. These underground goafs and tunnel systems result in extremely poor rock mass integrity and disordered stress distribution, creating extremely unfavorable engineering geological conditions. Under these conditions, traditional water conveyance and power generation systems that rely on large underground cavern complexes (such as underground powerhouses, long-distance horizontal tunnels, and inclined tunnels) are prone to collapses and roof falls due to the need to excavate large caverns. These collapses can also connect with unknown goafs, posing catastrophic safety risks and incurring high treatment costs. Therefore, this layout scheme is difficult to implement. Due to these insurmountable technical obstacles, although open-pit mines theoretically have value for transformation, they have long been difficult to effectively utilize as resources in practice.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative water conveyance and power generation system layout scheme to fundamentally avoid the impact of adverse geological bodies such as mining subsidence areas, adapt to the special terrain of soft rock mine pits, and make the construction of pumped storage power stations in abandoned mine pits move from conception to reality. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a water conveyance and power generation system suitable for converting open-pit mines into pumped-storage power stations in soft rock areas. Through an innovative arrangement combining a vertical shaft water conveyance system with a semi-underground powerhouse, it effectively bypasses underlying goaf areas and adverse geological formations, solving the key technical problem that traditional power station designs cannot be constructed under such complex conditions.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0008] This invention provides a water conveyance and power generation system suitable for converting open-pit mines into pumped storage power stations in soft rock areas, including an upper reservoir (1), an upper reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system (2), a water intake vertical shaft section (3), a water intake horizontal section (4), a power plant system (5), a tailwater horizontal section (6), a tailwater vertical shaft section (7), a lower reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system (8), and a lower reservoir (9).

[0009] A vertical shaft-type inlet / outlet system (2) is arranged vertically on the upper reservoir (1); the top port of the vertical shaft-type inlet / outlet system (2) is connected to the upper reservoir (1); a water intake shaft section (3) is arranged coaxially at the lower part of the vertical shaft-type inlet / outlet system (2); the top port of the water intake shaft section (3) is connected to the bottom port of the vertical shaft-type inlet / outlet system (2); a horizontal water intake section (4) is arranged between the bottom port of the water intake shaft section (3) and the upstream port of the power plant system (5); the upstream and downstream ports of the horizontal water intake section (4) are respectively connected to the bottom port of the water intake shaft section (3) and the upstream port of the power plant system (5);

[0010] The lower reservoir (9) is vertically arranged with a vertical shaft inlet / outlet system (8); the top port of the lower reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system (8) is connected to the lower reservoir (9); the tailrace vertical shaft section (7) is coaxially arranged at the lower part of the lower reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system (8); the top port of the tailrace vertical shaft section (7) is connected to the bottom port of the lower reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system (8); the tailrace horizontal section (6) is arranged between the bottom port of the tailrace vertical shaft section (7) and the downstream port of the power plant system (5); the upstream and downstream ports of the tailrace horizontal section (6) are respectively connected to the downstream port of the power plant system (5) and the bottom port of the tailrace vertical shaft section (7).

[0011] Furthermore, the lower reservoir (9) is located in an open-pit mine in a soft rock area.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system (2) includes a vertical shaft inlet / outlet structure, a trash rack, an emergency gate, and a gate opening and closing structure;

[0013] The vertical shaft inlet / outlet structure is a funnel-shaped structure, with its cross-sectional area gradually decreasing from top to bottom; the trash rack and the emergency gate are arranged sequentially inside the funnel-shaped structure; the gate opening and closing structure is arranged on the top plate of the funnel-shaped structure.

[0014] The trash rack, the emergency gate, and the gate opening and closing structure are arranged in a polygonal pattern on a plane.

[0015] Furthermore, the water diversion vertical shaft section (3) is arranged in a vertical shaft manner and lined with steel plates. The bottom of the water diversion vertical shaft section (3) is connected to the water diversion horizontal section (4) through a bend pipe.

[0016] Furthermore, the water diversion section (4) is lined with steel plates and includes a main pipe, a branch pipe and a sub-pipe in sequence from upstream to downstream. The upstream port of the main pipe is connected to the bottom port of the water diversion shaft section (3). The downstream port of the main pipe is connected to the main port of the branch pipe. Several side ports of the branch pipe are each connected to the upstream port of one of the sub-pipes. The downstream ports of each sub-pipe are connected to the upstream ports of the power plant system (5).

[0017] Furthermore, the power plant system (5) is a semi-underground power plant system, and a surface tailwater emergency gate system is arranged downstream of the power plant system (5).

[0018] Furthermore, the tail horizontal section (6) is located downstream of the surface tailwater emergency gate system and is lined with steel plates; the elevation of the tail horizontal section (6) is lower than the elevation of the guide horizontal section (4); the number of tail horizontal sections (6) is the same as the number of branch pipes of the guide horizontal section (4).

[0019] Furthermore, each of the tailwater horizontal sections (6) is provided with a tailwater vertical shaft section (7); the tailwater vertical shaft section (7) is arranged in a vertical shaft manner and is lined with steel plates. The bottom of the tailwater vertical shaft section (7) is connected to a corresponding tailwater horizontal section (6) through a bend pipe.

[0020] Furthermore, each tailrace shaft section (7) is equipped with a corresponding reservoir shaft inlet / outlet system (8).

[0021] The reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system (8) includes a vertical shaft inlet / outlet structure, a trash rack, a maintenance gate and a gate opening and closing structure;

[0022] The vertical shaft inlet / outlet structure is a funnel-shaped structure, with its cross-sectional area gradually decreasing from top to bottom; the trash rack and the maintenance gate are arranged sequentially inside the funnel-shaped structure; the gate opening and closing structure is arranged on the top plate of the funnel-shaped structure.

[0023] The trash rack, the maintenance gate, and the gate opening and closing structure are arranged in a polygonal pattern on a plane.

[0024] The water conveyance and power generation system provided by this invention, suitable for converting open-pit mines into pumped storage power stations in soft rock areas, has the following advantages:

[0025] This invention innovatively adopts an integrated layout combining a vertical shaft water conveyance system and a semi-underground powerhouse, effectively bypassing the complex and interwoven underground tunnels and goaf areas beneath the mine pit. It overcomes the limitation of constructing large underground powerhouses under these geological conditions, ensuring the structural safety and stable operation of the system in soft rock geological conditions. This solves the key technical challenges of converting open-pit mines into pumped-storage power stations, realizes the resource utilization of abandoned mine pits, expands the site selection range for pumped-storage power stations, and has significant social, economic, and environmental benefits. This system can be widely used in the engineering practice of converting open-pit coal mines into pumped-storage power stations. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This invention provides a longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram of a water conveyance and power generation system suitable for converting open-pit mines in soft rock areas into pumped storage power stations.

[0028] Among them: 1. Upper reservoir; 2. Upper reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system; 3. Water diversion vertical shaft section; 4. Water diversion horizontal section; 5. Power plant system; 6. Tailwater horizontal section; 7. Tailwater vertical shaft section; 8. Lower reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system; 9. Lower reservoir. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the technical problems solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0030] This invention innovatively adopts an integrated layout combining a vertical shaft water conveyance system and a semi-underground powerhouse, effectively bypassing the complex and interwoven underground tunnels and goaf areas beneath the mine pit. It overcomes the limitation of constructing large underground powerhouses under these geological conditions, ensuring the structural safety and stable operation of the system in soft rock geological conditions. This solves the key technical challenges of converting open-pit mines into pumped-storage power stations, realizes the resource utilization of abandoned mine pits, expands the site selection range for pumped-storage power stations, and has significant social, economic, and environmental benefits. This system can be widely used in the engineering practice of converting open-pit coal mines into pumped-storage power stations.

[0031] See Figure 1 This invention provides a water conveyance and power generation system suitable for converting open-pit mines into pumped-storage power stations in soft rock areas. It is a vertical shaft water conveyance and power generation system that is particularly suitable for converting abandoned open-pit mines with a large number of mined-out areas and underground tunnels into pumped-storage power stations in soft rock areas. Therefore, it is especially suitable for situations where the lower reservoir 9 is located in an open-pit mine in a soft rock area. It includes an upper reservoir 1, an upper reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system 2, a water intake vertical shaft section 3, a water intake horizontal section 4, a power plant system 5, a tailwater horizontal section 6, a tailwater vertical shaft section 7, a lower reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system 8, and a lower reservoir 9.

[0032] A vertical shaft-type inlet / outlet system 2 is arranged vertically on the upper reservoir 1; the top port of the vertical shaft-type inlet / outlet system 2 is connected to the upper reservoir 1; a water intake shaft section 3 is coaxially arranged at the lower part of the vertical shaft-type inlet / outlet system 2; the top port of the water intake shaft section 3 is connected to the bottom port of the vertical shaft-type inlet / outlet system 2; a horizontal water intake section 4 is arranged between the bottom port of the water intake shaft section 3 and the upstream port of the power plant system 5; the upstream and downstream ports of the horizontal water intake section 4 are respectively connected to the bottom port of the water intake shaft section 3 and the upstream port of the power plant system 5.

[0033] A vertical shaft-type inlet / outlet system 8 is arranged vertically in the lower reservoir 9; the top port of the vertical shaft-type inlet / outlet system 8 is connected to the lower reservoir 9; a tailrace shaft section 7 is coaxially arranged at the lower part of the vertical shaft-type inlet / outlet system 8; the top port of the tailrace shaft section 7 is connected to the bottom port of the vertical shaft-type inlet / outlet system 8; a tailrace horizontal section 6 is arranged between the bottom port of the tailrace shaft section 7 and the downstream port of the power plant system 5; the upstream and downstream ports of the tailrace horizontal section 6 are respectively connected to the downstream port of the power plant system 5 and the bottom port of the tailrace shaft section 7.

[0034] The specific structure of each part is described in detail below:

[0035] Upper Reservoir Vertical Shaft Inlet / Outlet System 2:

[0036] The vertical shaft inlet / outlet system 2 of the upper reservoir is set at the bottom or slope stability area of ​​the modified upper reservoir (i.e., the mine pit).

[0037] The upper reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system 2 mainly includes a vertical shaft inlet / outlet structure, a trash rack, an emergency gate, and a corresponding gate opening and closing structure;

[0038] The vertical shaft inlet / outlet structure is a funnel-shaped structure, with its cross-sectional area gradually decreasing from top to bottom; the trash rack and the emergency gate are arranged sequentially inside the funnel-shaped structure; the gate opening and closing structure is arranged on the top plate of the funnel-shaped structure; the trash rack, the emergency gate and the gate opening and closing structure are arranged in a polygonal pattern on the plane.

[0039] Water diversion shaft section 3:

[0040] The water diversion shaft section 3 is vertically arranged directly below the upper reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system 2. The water diversion shaft section 3 is arranged in a vertical shaft manner, and its top end is directly and smoothly connected to the bottom of the upper reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system 2. It is reinforced and seepage-proofed by steel plate lining. The bottom of the water diversion shaft section 3 is smoothly connected to the water diversion horizontal section 4 through a bend pipe.

[0041] Lead to horizontal segment 4:

[0042] The horizontal intake section 4 is located downstream of the vertical intake shaft section 3. The horizontal intake section 4 is lined with steel plates and includes a main pipe, a branch pipe, and a sub-pipe in sequence from upstream to downstream. The upstream port of the main pipe is connected to the bottom port of the vertical intake shaft section 3. The downstream port of the main pipe is connected to the main port of the branch pipe. Several side ports of the branch pipe are each connected to the upstream port of one of the sub-pipes. The downstream ports of each sub-pipe are connected to the upstream ports of the power plant system 5.

[0043] Power plant system 5:

[0044] To address the limitations of adverse geological conditions and the lack of space for large underground caverns in the mining area, the power plant system 5 innovatively adopts a semi-underground layout. The power plant system 5 is located at the end of the horizontal intake section 4.

[0045] A surface tailrace emergency gate system is arranged downstream of the power plant system 5. It should be emphasized that the tailrace emergency gate system adopts a surface tailrace emergency gate system, which has the advantage of convenient layout.

[0046] Tail horizontal segment 6:

[0047] The tail horizontal section 6 is located downstream of the surface tailwater emergency gate system and is lined with steel plates; the elevation of the tail horizontal section 6 is lower than the elevation of the guide horizontal section 4; the number of tail horizontal sections 6 is the same as the number of branch pipes of the guide horizontal section 4.

[0048] Tailwater shaft section 7:

[0049] Each of the tailwater horizontal sections 6 is correspondingly arranged with a tailwater vertical shaft section 7; the tailwater vertical shaft section 7 is arranged directly below the lower reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system 8.

[0050] The tailrace vertical shaft section 7 is arranged in a vertical shaft manner and lined with steel plates. The bottom of the tailrace vertical shaft section 7 is connected to a corresponding tailrace horizontal section 6 via a bend in the pipe. In actual application, the tailrace horizontal section 6 starts downstream of the surface tailrace emergency gate system and connects to the tailrace pipe outlet of the power plant system 5.

[0051] Lower reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system 8:

[0052] Each tailrace shaft section 7 is equipped with a corresponding lower reservoir shaft inlet / outlet system 8; the lower reservoir shaft inlet / outlet system 8 is located at the bottom of the modified lower reservoir 9.

[0053] The structure of the lower reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system 8 is similar to that of the upper reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system 2, and it is directly connected to the tailrace vertical shaft section 7. The lower reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system 8 includes a vertical shaft inlet / outlet structure, a trash rack, a maintenance gate, and a gate opening and closing structure; the vertical shaft inlet / outlet structure is a funnel-shaped structure, with its cross-sectional area gradually decreasing from top to bottom; the trash rack and the maintenance gate are arranged sequentially inside the funnel-shaped structure; the gate opening and closing structure is arranged on the top plate of the funnel-shaped structure; the trash rack, the maintenance gate, and the gate opening and closing structure are arranged in a polygonal shape in plan.

[0054] This layout meets the requirements of the water conveyance and power generation system for converting open-pit mines in soft rock areas into pumped storage power stations. It satisfies the power generation needs of pumped storage power stations while simultaneously achieving ecological restoration and resource reuse in the mine pits.

[0055] This invention employs a water conveyance and power generation system suitable for converting open-pit mines in soft rock areas into pumped storage power stations. It successfully solves the problem of arranging water conveyance and power generation systems for pumped storage power stations in the special site of open-pit mines in soft rock areas. The technology is feasible, safe and reliable, and provides an effective engineering solution for realizing the resource utilization of abandoned mines.

[0056] The following example, taken with reference to a pumped-storage power station project in an open-pit mine that employs the technical solution of this invention, further illustrates the following:

[0057] In a pumped-storage power station project at an open-pit mine, the lower reservoir was transformed from a large abandoned open-pit mine. The layout of the water conveyance and power generation system is crucial to the success of the entire project, and its selection is mainly constrained by three core factors: the unique bowl-shaped topography of the mine, the complex geological conditions of the south slope, and the extensive distribution of goaf areas and roadway systems in the deep part.

[0058] The core challenge of this project lies in the presence of numerous goaf areas and a complex network of tunnels formed during historical mining deep within and at the bottom of the south sloping mine. These cavities and weak structural surfaces significantly compromise the integrity and stability of the rock mass, becoming the controlling factors determining the horizontal location and burial depth of the water conveyance route. Through comprehensive comparison, the water conveyance route was primarily focused on the E10–E14 section of the middle section of the south sloping mine. Within this section, the elevation of the goaf bottom interface is further concentrated between -170m and -200m, making it the shallowest inferred bottom interface compared to other slope sections. This geological characteristic means that the vertical shaft section offers greater flexibility for adjustment and optimization in the vertical direction, significantly reducing the technical difficulty of avoiding goaf areas and tunnel networks. Even if localized engineering treatment is required, its scale will be relatively small, making the project risks and costs more controllable.

[0059] After selecting the preferred slope section, the project team, combining detailed borehole and geophysical data, conducted a comprehensive survey and analysis of the strata lithology, rock strength, rock mass integrity, permeability, precise spatial distribution of goaf and tunnels, weathering unloading depth, and groundwater dynamics. Based on this, the typical layout described in this invention was precisely applied to the site, determining the specific spatial location and burial depth of each component, successfully avoiding major adverse geological formations, and ensuring the long-term safety and stability of the system as a whole.

[0060] In the specific structural implementation of this project, the advantages of this invention were further demonstrated: by integrating the gates and gate opening and closing structures at the vertical shaft-type inlet and outlet of the upper and lower reservoirs, the independent emergency intake gate well and tailrace maintenance gate well required in traditional designs were successfully eliminated; at the same time, the tailrace emergency gate was innovatively placed on the ground downstream of the power plant, forming an open-air tailrace gate platform. This design eliminates the difficulty of excavating a large dedicated tailrace gate chamber in soft rock, which not only significantly saves project costs and shortens the construction period, but also fundamentally avoids the risk of surrounding rock instability that may be caused by deep underground excavation, greatly improving the level of operational safety.

[0061] The water conveyance and power generation system adopted in this invention effectively addresses a series of core engineering challenges in open-pit mines in soft rock areas, such as complex bowl-shaped terrain, unfavorable geological bodies, and goaf and tunnel networks, through scientific site selection and flexible "vertical shaft-horizontal tunnel" layout. It transforms seemingly unfavorable abandoned mines into valuable resources that can be utilized, fully demonstrating the practicality, creativity and significant advantages of this invention.

[0062] In summary, this invention provides a water conveyance and power generation system suitable for converting open-pit mines into pumped-storage power stations in soft rock areas, which has the following advantages:

[0063] (1) By adopting the main layout of the water conveyance system of "vertical shaft-horizontal tunnel", it perfectly adapts to the bowl-shaped terrain of the open-pit mine, effectively avoids the complex and intertwined goaf and unfavorable geological bodies below the pit bottom, avoids the extremely high technical risks and safety hazards of building long inclined shafts or long vertical shafts in soft and broken rock masses, and solves the fundamental problem of arranging water conveyance and power generation systems under the special and complex site conditions of soft rock mines.

[0064] (2) This layout enhances the feasibility and safety of the project through three major advantages: First, the layout is flexible and efficient, allowing for the selection of shorter and geologically superior planar paths for water conveyance; second, the structural integration is innovative, with the gates and gate opening and closing structures centrally located in the funnel section of the inlet / outlet, eliminating the need for traditional independent gate wells and simplifying the system structure; third, the flow pattern and stability are significantly improved, with the direct connection between the inlet / outlet and the vertical shaft optimizing the flow conditions and reducing head loss and unfavorable flow patterns. These advantages work together to reduce construction difficulty and cost, facilitate centralized support for key components, and thus significantly improve the long-term stability and seismic safety of the system in soft rock areas.

[0065] (3) The abandoned open-pit mine has been successfully transformed into a valuable pumped storage facility, realizing the value-added utilization of abandoned land and avoiding the destruction of the original ecological environment by the construction of new reservoirs. It is a model of green mine construction and ecological environment restoration.

[0066] (4) It greatly alleviated the site selection pressure of pumped storage power stations, shortened the preliminary work cycle, reduced the cost of land acquisition and resettlement and the overall investment of the project, and provided key support for promoting the optimization of regional energy structure, the safe and stable operation of the power grid and the transformation and development of resource-depleted areas.

[0067] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water conveyance and power generation system suitable for converting open-pit mines into pumped-storage power stations in soft rock areas, characterized in that, It includes the upper reservoir (1), the upper reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system (2), the water diversion vertical shaft section (3), the water diversion horizontal section (4), the power plant system (5), the tailwater horizontal section (6), the tailwater vertical shaft section (7), the lower reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system (8), and the lower reservoir (9). A vertical shaft-type inlet / outlet system (2) is arranged vertically on the upper reservoir (1); the top port of the vertical shaft-type inlet / outlet system (2) is connected to the upper reservoir (1); a water intake shaft section (3) is arranged coaxially at the lower part of the vertical shaft-type inlet / outlet system (2); the top port of the water intake shaft section (3) is connected to the bottom port of the vertical shaft-type inlet / outlet system (2); a horizontal water intake section (4) is arranged between the bottom port of the water intake shaft section (3) and the upstream port of the power plant system (5); the upstream and downstream ports of the horizontal water intake section (4) are respectively connected to the bottom port of the water intake shaft section (3) and the upstream port of the power plant system (5); The lower reservoir (9) is vertically arranged with a vertical shaft inlet / outlet system (8); the top port of the lower reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system (8) is connected to the lower reservoir (9); the tailrace vertical shaft section (7) is coaxially arranged at the lower part of the lower reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system (8); the top port of the tailrace vertical shaft section (7) is connected to the bottom port of the lower reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system (8); the tailrace horizontal section (6) is arranged between the bottom port of the tailrace vertical shaft section (7) and the downstream port of the power plant system (5); the upstream and downstream ports of the tailrace horizontal section (6) are respectively connected to the downstream port of the power plant system (5) and the bottom port of the tailrace vertical shaft section (7).

2. The water conveyance and power generation system for converting open-pit mines into pumped-storage power stations in soft rock areas, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The lower reservoir (9) is located in an open-pit mine in a soft rock area.

3. A water conveyance and power generation system for converting open-pit mines into pumped-storage power stations in soft rock areas, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The upper reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system (2) includes a vertical shaft inlet / outlet structure, a trash rack, an emergency gate, and a gate opening and closing structure; The vertical shaft inlet / outlet structure is a funnel-shaped structure, with its cross-sectional area gradually decreasing from top to bottom; the trash rack and the emergency gate are arranged sequentially inside the funnel-shaped structure; the gate opening and closing structure is arranged on the top plate of the funnel-shaped structure. The trash rack, the emergency gate, and the gate opening and closing structure are arranged in a polygonal pattern on a plane.

4. A water conveyance and power generation system for converting open-pit mines into pumped-storage power stations in soft rock areas, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The water intake vertical shaft section (3) is arranged in a vertical shaft manner and lined with steel plates. The bottom of the water intake vertical shaft section (3) is connected to the water intake horizontal section (4) through a bend pipe.

5. A water conveyance and power generation system suitable for converting open-pit mines into pumped-storage power stations in soft rock areas, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The water intake section (4) is lined with steel plates and includes a main pipe, a branch pipe and a sub-pipe in sequence from upstream to downstream. The upstream port of the main pipe is connected to the bottom port of the water intake shaft section (3). The downstream port of the main pipe is connected to the main port of the branch pipe. Several side ports of the branch pipe are each connected to the upstream port of one of the sub-pipes. The downstream ports of each sub-pipe are connected to the upstream ports of the power plant system (5).

6. A water conveyance and power generation system for converting open-pit mines into pumped-storage power stations in soft rock areas, as described in claim 5, is characterized in that... The power plant system (5) is a semi-underground power plant system, and a surface tailwater emergency gate system is arranged downstream of the power plant system (5).

7. A water conveyance and power generation system for converting open-pit mines into pumped-storage power stations in soft rock areas, as described in claim 6, is characterized in that... The tail horizontal section (6) is located downstream of the surface tailwater emergency gate system and is lined with steel plates; the elevation of the tail horizontal section (6) is lower than the elevation of the leading horizontal section (4); the number of tail horizontal sections (6) is the same as the number of branch pipes of the leading horizontal section (4).

8. A water conveyance and power generation system for converting open-pit mines into pumped-storage power stations in soft rock areas, as described in claim 7, is characterized in that... Each of the tailwater horizontal sections (6) is provided with a tailwater vertical shaft section (7); the tailwater vertical shaft section (7) is arranged in a vertical shaft manner and is lined with steel plates. The bottom of the tailwater vertical shaft section (7) is connected to a corresponding tailwater horizontal section (6) through a bend pipe.

9. A water conveyance and power generation system for converting open-pit mines into pumped-storage power stations in soft rock areas, as described in claim 8, is characterized in that... Each tailrace shaft section (7) is equipped with a corresponding lower reservoir shaft inlet / outlet system (8); The reservoir vertical shaft inlet / outlet system (8) includes a vertical shaft inlet / outlet structure, a trash rack, a maintenance gate and a gate opening and closing structure; The vertical shaft inlet / outlet structure is a funnel-shaped structure, with its cross-sectional area gradually decreasing from top to bottom; the trash rack and the maintenance gate are arranged sequentially inside the funnel-shaped structure; the gate opening and closing structure is arranged on the top plate of the funnel-shaped structure. The trash rack, the maintenance gate, and the gate opening and closing structure are arranged in a polygonal pattern on a plane.

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